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| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2016-07-11 16:52:30 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2016-07-11 16:52:30 -0400 |
| commit | a4eef1991c25c9d1c55f777952cd522c762c6fc3 (patch) | |
| tree | 4e2ab6a10c616251cc92eccf0d58a22691bb8222 /doc/bash.ps | |
| parent | 690150f9e5e860a4211e71ef4446938bb57ee983 (diff) | |
| download | bash-a4eef1991c25c9d1c55f777952cd522c762c6fc3.tar.gz | |
bash-4.4 beta2 releasebash-4.4-beta2
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 8390 |
1 files changed, 4209 insertions, 4181 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 6fd4b5dd..eb860baf 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Feb 8 10:16:51 2016 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 20 15:38:03 2016 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 77 +%%Pages: 78 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(1)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(2)195.95 -E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(2)202.335 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(3)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(3)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ E F2(&)3.46 E F0 3.46(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96 .849(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .849(The return) 5.849 F(status is the e)108 544.8 Q(xit status of the last command e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences \ -of one of more pipelines separated by the)108 561.6 R F2(&&)3.436 E F0 +of one or more pipelines separated by the)108 561.6 R F2(&&)3.436 E F0 (and)3.436 E F2(||)3.436 E F0 .936(control operators,)3.436 F(respecti) 108 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G @@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054(is one of the follo)3.554 F -3.553 F 1.026(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) 108 710.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.027(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(4)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(4)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) .2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(5)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1001,8 +1001,8 @@ F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.704 E F0 (and)2.704 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .205(commands is the e)2.704 F .205 (xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(6)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -.25 F F2(history e)108 720 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) -.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(7)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1249,8 +1249,8 @@ S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F(may be unset only by using the)108 727.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(8)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1329,17 +1329,16 @@ E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F1(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C (able. This)108 367.2 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 -(ariable is referenced,)-.25 F 1.165 -(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 379.2 R 1.165 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than the)-.2 F F1(namer)3.665 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)3.665 E 1.165(ute itself\), the operation is)-.2 F .245 -(actually performed on the v)108 391.2 R .245 -(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.745(sv) --.55 G 2.746(alue. A)-2.995 F .246(nameref is commonly used)2.746 F -1.474(within shell functions to refer to a v)108 403.2 R 1.474 -(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F 1.474 -(gument to the function.)-.18 F -.15(Fo)6.473 G(r).15 E -(instance, if a v)108 415.2 Q +(ariable is referenced,)-.25 F .54 +(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 379.2 R .54 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F1(namer)3.04 +E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 +(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 391.2 R .352 +(ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) +-.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 403.2 R .971 +(ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F +2.5(function. F)108 415.2 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E (gument, running)-.18 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 433.2 Q F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 451.2 R(ariable)-.25 @@ -1397,8 +1396,8 @@ f more than a single digit is e)108 628.8 R 1.403 -.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E 2.548(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 729.6 R 2.549 (xpands to a single w)-.15 F 2.549(ord with the v)-.1 F 2.549 -(alue of each parameter)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of each parameter)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +E(9)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1530,7 +1529,7 @@ he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 717.6 R 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 729.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 (cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(10)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1636,8 +1635,8 @@ H(he current completion function.).1 E F3(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 2.848(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F0(belo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +E(11)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1760,7 +1759,7 @@ ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 (HOSTN)108 702 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 (Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 714 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(12)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1855,8 +1854,8 @@ F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 (when)144 696 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 (tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 708 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(13)190.95 E 0 -Cg EP +(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(13)197.335 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1963,142 +1962,146 @@ F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F 2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 657.6 Q F0 2.717(Ac) 144 669.6 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C -.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .275 -(ignored by command search.)144 681.6 R .275 -(Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are not con-) -5.275 F 1.26(sidered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.26 +.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 +(ignored by command search using)144 681.6 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 +E F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 +(are not considered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.76(cution. This).15 F 1.26(does not)3.76 F(af)144 705.6 Q -.35(fect the beha)-.25 F .35(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.85 E F0(,)A F1 -(test)2.85 E F0 2.85(,a)C(nd)-2.85 E F1([[)2.851 E F0 2.851 -(commands. Use)2.851 F .351(this v)2.851 F .351 -(ariable to ignore shared library \214les)-.25 F .469(that ha)144 717.6 -R .769 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .469(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .469 -(cutable bit set, b).15 F .469(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .469 -(cutable \214les.).15 F .468(The pattern matching honors the set-)5.469 -F(ting of the)144 729.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 705.6 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +-.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F +(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 +717.6 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 +(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 729.6 +R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 +(cutable bit set, b).15 F 1.37(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 +(cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(14)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)108 84 Q F0(The def)144 96 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 108 Q F0 2.598 -(Ac)144 120 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(honors the setting of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extglob)2.5 E +F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 96 Q F0(The def)144 108 Q +(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 +E F1(FIGNORE)108 120 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 132 S .098 +(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 (es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 132 Q 2.705(w\). 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If)144 228 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 (lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 228 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E +(GLOBIGNORE)144 240 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTCONTR)108 240 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 252 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +(HISTCONTR)108 252 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 264 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) -5.153 F .49(of v)144 264 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 -(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 276 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F5(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 -(Av)144 288 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F5(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 -(all pre)144 300 R .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) +5.153 F .491(of v)144 276 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 +(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 288 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 +(Av)144 300 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 +(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 +(all pre)144 312 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 324 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)144 336 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 348 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F +(sa)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 336 S .441(alid v) +-3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(HISTIGNORE)144 348 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 360 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 360 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 372 R -.15 +A F1(HISTFILE)108 372 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 384 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.681 E .181(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 384 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +-.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 396 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 396 Q F0 -1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -408 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 420 S .932(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) +(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 408 Q F0 +1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 +420 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 432 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) .25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 432 Q .87 -(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .871(The history \214le is also trunca\ -ted to this size after writing it when a)5.87 F 1.245(shell e)144 444 R -3.745(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 456 R +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 444 Q +.871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ +ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 +456 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 468 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.022(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 468 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 480 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 492 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 504 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 516 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +-.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 480 Q F0(after reading an) +2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 +2.657(Ac)144 504 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 516 R .708 +(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 +(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 +(\(no implicit `)144 528 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 -528 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +540 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 540 R 2.515(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 552 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 552 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 564 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 564 R +1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 576 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F4(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 576 Q F1(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 588 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 600 +(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E F4(.)A F0 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 588 Q F1(extglob)2.5 +E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 612 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 612 S 1.321 -(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 -(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 624 T .436 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 -G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 -(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 636 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 648 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 660 R .952 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 -(\(3\) to print the)B .672 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 672 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) -3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 684 R +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 624 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 +(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 636 T .437 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 +G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 +(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 648 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 672 R .951 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 +(\(3\) to print the)B .673 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 684 +R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) +3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 696 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 696 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 708 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(15)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2113,59 +2116,59 @@ SF(HOME)108 84 Q F0 1.27 (HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .55 +(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 (needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139 -(alue, or)-.25 F .518(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 -(bash)3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 -.517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 +(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 +(alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 +(bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 +.518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 (is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) -144 204 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556 +144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E +F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 (xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) .1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E (wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 (Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) 144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 (on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F3(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .973 -(This v)144 360 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .973 +(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 360 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.464 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0 -1.936(This v)144 444 R 1.936 +1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) @@ -2173,23 +2176,23 @@ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v) 144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0 -.054(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 -(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +.055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 1.201 (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576 -R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 (informs the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .099 -(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 624 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F (or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49 @@ -2202,44 +2205,43 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 (MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .389 -(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F -.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .388 +(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F +.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F (system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 96 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F -F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F -F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 -.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .36(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 -F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.36 E F0 .359 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 96 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1 +(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1 +(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 -(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .588 +.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S -.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 180 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 -Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 216 -R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash) -2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 216 R +.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 +(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 @@ -2260,41 +2262,41 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 336 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .064(The v)144 348 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .065(The v)144 348 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 360 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .118(The v)144 372 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 396 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .117(The v)144 372 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 396 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 420 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .291 -(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 420 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .292 +(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 (is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 444 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .664 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .663 (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 468 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 504 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 528 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 540 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 558 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 558 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 570 Q F4(p)A F1 @@ -2305,26 +2307,26 @@ F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 606 Q .87 (The optional)144 622.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 658.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 658.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 716.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 728.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(17)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2335,131 +2337,131 @@ SF(TMOUT)108 84 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 96 R .941 (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 108 Q F1 -(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F -.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311 -(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R -.886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 -F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 +(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 +F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 +(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R +.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 +F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 132 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) -.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 -144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 168 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G -(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 204 R .53 -(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 216 R +144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 168 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 204 R +.531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 216 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .366(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.132 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .367(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 264 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 276 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.334 E F0 -.834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 +.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 300 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F3 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 360 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 384 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 432 Q F1(Arrays)87 448.8 Q(Bash) -108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 472.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 484.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 484.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 508.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 +E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 +E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 +(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 561.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .941 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) +-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 624 R F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 (When assigning to inde)108 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 672 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 672 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 717.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(18)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2471,46 +2473,46 @@ BP (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 124.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) 4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027 +1.374(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 (there are no array members, ${)108 172.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 +2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 (ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 196.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 220.8 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 232.8 -R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 232.8 +R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 -(luates to a number).25 F .628 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .928 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G -3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 +(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2521,72 +2523,72 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 302.4 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .75 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .749 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 343.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.766 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.767 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G (rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.318 -(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -384 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.297 E F1 -(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F1(name)2.798 E F0 .298 -(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F2(unset)2.798 E F1 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 +(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +384 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 +(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 +(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 (name)108 396 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 -412.8 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C -(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073 +412.8 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C +(nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 (iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 (option to specify an associati)108 424.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 (accepts a)108 436.8 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 448.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 465.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 477.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) -2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 501.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 518.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 542.4 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 559.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E 1.487(Only brace e)108 588 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 +-.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 588 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 600 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 600 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) -.15 F -.15(ex)108 612 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G @@ -2597,72 +2599,72 @@ Q F1(Br)108.58 640.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 664.8 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 664.8 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 676.8 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 688.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 700.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 717.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 688.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 700.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 717.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 729.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 (d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(19)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.243(As)108 84 S -.743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)3.243 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2 -(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E -F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742 -(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and)108 96 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031 -(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.242(As)108 84 S +.742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742(es the form)-.1 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)3.242 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2 +(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E +F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743 +(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and)108 96 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032 +(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger) -.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532 -(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532(xpression e)-.15 F .532 -(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 108 R F2(x)2.578 E F0 -(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 -F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077(to force each term to ha) -2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014(same width.)108 120 R .014 -(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 -E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated term\ +(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532(xpression e)-.15 F .531 +(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 108 R F2(x)2.577 E F0 +(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 +F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078(to force each term to ha) +2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015(same width.)108 120 R .015 +(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 +E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated term\ s to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 132 R 6.143 (.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) -.15 E -.15(ex)108 144 S 1.064(pands to each character le).15 F 1.064 (xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G 1.064 -(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 156 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 156 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 168 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 184.8 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 196.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 208.8 Q +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 184.8 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 196.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 208.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 225.6 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 225.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 237.6 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 237.6 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 249.6 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 261.6 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 261.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 273.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) 108 290.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H @@ -2672,81 +2674,81 @@ G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 331.2 Q(cho)144 343.2 Q -.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 360 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 372 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 384 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 372 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 384 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 396 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 396 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 408 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 420 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 436.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 448.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 448.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 460.8 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 472.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 484.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 472.8 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 484.8 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 496.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 496.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 508.8 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 508.8 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 525.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 537.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 537.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 549.6 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 549.6 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -561.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 573.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +561.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 573.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 585.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 602.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 619.2 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 619.2 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 631.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 631.2 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 643.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 660 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `) -108 672 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e) --4.105 F 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F -4.106(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 684 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 660 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `) +108 672 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e) +-4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F +4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 684 R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F -.406(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 696 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 696 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 708 -Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) -108 724.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +Q 1.189 +(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 +724.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(20)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2756,74 +2758,74 @@ BP (quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 84 R 2.15 (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 96 S (pansion.).15 E(${)108 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 124.8 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F1(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +E F0(})A 1.204(The v)144 124.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.704 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F1(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 136.8 R F1(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 148.8 R(The)7.677 E F1(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)144 160.8 S (RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G -(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346 +(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .347 (If the \214rst character of)108 177.6 R F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346 (\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1 -(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces) --2.847 E 2.635(al)108 189.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635(lo).25 G -2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 +(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces) +-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 189.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634(lo).25 G +2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F2(Bash)5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 201.6 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F1(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 201.6 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 -(rather than the v)108 213.6 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.095 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .594 +(rather than the v)108 213.6 R .594(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.094 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 -(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 -(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F1(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) -3.094 F .477(this e)108 225.6 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 237.6 +(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.595 +(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595(is a nameref,) +3.095 F .478(this e)108 225.6 R .478(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 237.6 R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 (ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1 (pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 249.6 Q 3.8 -.65 +(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B(belo)108 249.6 Q 3.8 -.65 (w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 266.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +F(and arithmetic e)108 278.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089 (When not performing substring e)108 295.2 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 307.2 Q(Omitt\ -ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 307.2 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 324 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .722(Use Default V)144 336 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1 -(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 348 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +F2 .723(Use Default V)144 336 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1 +(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 348 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 360 Q F1(par) -A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 372 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 384 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G -.278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 372 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 384 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 G +.279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 396 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 408 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 420 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C (f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 432 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 432 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 456 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2836,116 +2838,117 @@ A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 516 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 528 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 528 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 540 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 540 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 552 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of) -2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F -.846(end of the v)144 564 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 -E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 552 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of) +2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F +.847(end of the v)144 564 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 +E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 576 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 600 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +(If)144 600 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 612 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 612 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 624 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 636 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +(of)144 624 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 636 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 648 Q -.2(vo) -.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 672 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E -F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E -F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 684 R .095 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 672 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 E +F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 684 R .096 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 (the last positional parameter)144 696 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti)-6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if)-3.972 F F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(21)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 (rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 96 R 1.082 +3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 96 R 1.081 (ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F -1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 -(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) -3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) -144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 -(Substring inde)144 168 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ -l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 180 Q .306 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E +E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F +1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08 +(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 +(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1 +(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F +(number less than zero.)144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q +(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 168 R +1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in \ +which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 180 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F +2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E (to the list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 (*)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.085(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q +.084(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 273.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 309.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 321.6 Q F0 +.596(assigned in)144 309.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 +(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 321.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 362.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +362.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 (array name subscripted by)144 374.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 410.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1 @@ -2953,29 +2956,29 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 463.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.151(name e)144 463.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 (hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 475.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) 144 487.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) 144 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 511.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 511.2 R +(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 523.2 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 540 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 552 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 564 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 -(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 564 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H +.147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1 +(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 576 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) @@ -2984,74 +2987,73 @@ G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 588 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 600 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 612 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 612 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941 (lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 624 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 624 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 636 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 652.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 664.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 -E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 +E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 676.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 688.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 700.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 712.8 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 676.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 688.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 700.8 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 712.8 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(22)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.731(omitted. If) -144 84 R(the)2.731 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -96 R(If)5.188 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -3.418 E F1(@)2.688 E F0(or)2.688 E F1(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 -(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.732(omitted. If) +144 84 R(the)2.732 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nocasematch)2.732 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187(case of alphabetic characters.)144 +96 R(If)5.187 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) +3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 2.688(,t)C .188 +(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F .446 (positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 108 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F2(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 120 R F1(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F1(*)2.963 E -F0 2.963(,t)C .462 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 +(able subscripted with)144 120 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 E +F0 2.962(,t)C .463 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 132 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 +-2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 132 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${) 108 160.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 172.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 184.8 Q -F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .437 -(Case modi\214cation)144 196.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A F1 .438 +(Case modi\214cation)144 196.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 208.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 220.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F2(pattern)144 208.8 Q +F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 220.8 +S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3060,148 +3062,148 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F2(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 244.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F1(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 256.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E +1.547(letters to lo)144 256.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)4.047 E F0(and)4.047 E F1(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 268.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F1(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F1(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)144 280.8 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 268.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F1(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 +E F1(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F2(pattern)144 280.8 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F2(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F1(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F1(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 292.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 304.8 R(If)5.469 E F2 +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 304.8 R(If)5.468 E F2 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F1(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 316.8 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 333.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 345.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 357.6 R F2 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -369.6 Q F1(Q)144 393.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 393.6 R 1.064 +F2(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 357.6 R F2 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F2(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F2(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +369.6 Q F1(Q)144 393.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 393.6 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 405.6 Q F1(E)144 417.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 417.6 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 405.6 Q F1(E)144 417.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 417.6 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 429.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F1(P)144 441.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 441.6 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 429.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F1(P)144 441.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 441.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 453.6 Q F1(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 465.6 Q F0 1.138 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 465.6 Q F0 1.137 (The e)180 465.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 477.6 Q +F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(a)144 489.6 Q F0 (The e)180 489.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 506.4 Q F2(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F1(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F1(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 506.4 Q F2(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F1(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F1(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.347 E F2(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F -.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F1(*) -2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 518.4 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.346 E F2(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F +.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F1(*) +2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 530.4 -R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 542.4 Q 1.85 +R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 542.4 Q 1.849 (The result of the e)144 566.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) --.15 F(belo)144 578.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 595.2 -Q F2 1.697(Command substitution)108 607.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 619.2 Q F1($\()144 636 Q F2 +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 578.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 595.2 Q F2 +1.698(Command substitution)108 607.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 619.2 Q F1($\()144 636 Q F2 (command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 648 Q F1<92>144 660 Q F2(command)A F1 -<92>A(Bash)108 676.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +<92>A(Bash)108 676.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) 108 688.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) 108 700.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) -2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) +2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 712.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 729.6 R(xcept)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315(when follo) -108 84 R .315(wed by)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314(when follo) +108 84 R .314(wed by)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 96 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 96 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 124.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 136.8 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 153.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 F(on the results.)108 165.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 182.4 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 194.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 +1.034(Arithmetic e)108 194.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 206.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() 144 223.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 240 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 252 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 252 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 264 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 276 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 292.8 R --.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 -(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) --.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 304.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E --.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 321.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 333.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) --.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 264 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059 +(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059(xpression to be e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)108 276 S +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F +3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 304.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 321.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 333.6 Q .405 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F +2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 345.6 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 345.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 357.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 369.6 R .56 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 369.6 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 381.6 Q .308 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 381.6 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 393.6 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 410.4 R -.25(va) +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 410.4 R -.25(va) -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 422.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 439.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 451.2 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +-.75(Wo)87 439.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 451.2 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 463.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 480 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3209,121 +3211,121 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 492 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 504 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 516 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 504 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 516 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 528 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 E -F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 528 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 E +F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -540 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 E -F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 -F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 552 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 -E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc) --.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not)3.17 F -F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 564 R 2.928 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +540 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 E +F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)-.15 +F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92(ter is in the v) +108 552 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E +F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92 +(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS) +3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429(along with an)108 564 R 2.928(ya) +-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 576 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G (he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E (ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 592.8 R 1.927 (guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 604.8 R .484 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 604.8 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 616.8 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 +G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 616.8 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 628.8 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S .176 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F5<ad64>2.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F5<ad64>2.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 652.8 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 669.6 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -686.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 698.4 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +686.4 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 698.4 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 710.4 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 722.4 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(24)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .009 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .008 (are found, and the shell option)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 -.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 -R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 -(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 +(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009 +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 +.009(option is)2.509 F .443(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 96 +R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1 +(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F -F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 120 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 132 R .378 +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 132 R .377 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 144 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.079(,u)-.65 G .579(nless the shell option)-3.079 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108 156 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) -.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 -168 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E/F2 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0 .166(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E -F0(,)A F1(null-)2.666 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 +6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 +168 R F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF .166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0 .165(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.665 E +F0(,)A F1(null-)2.665 E(glob)108 180 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 196.8 Q -F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 +F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.785 E F0 .285(shell v)2.535 F .285 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E -F2(GLO-)2.785 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ -lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) -4.816 E F0(is)4.566 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G -1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 +F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.786 E F0 5.286(.I).24 G(f)-5.286 E +F2(GLO-)2.786 E(BIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214\ +lename that also matches one of the patterns in)4.566 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.816 E F0(is)4.565 E(remo)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 232.8 Q F0 .146 -(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 232.8 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 244.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 256.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 256.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 268.8 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 268.8 Q +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 -(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0(The)108 280.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632 +(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 +(is unset.)2.882 F .631(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 292.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 309.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 326.4 Q 3.138 (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ @@ -3335,9 +3337,9 @@ ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 362.4 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 396 Q F0 .376(Matches an) -180 396 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 396 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 396 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 (shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 408 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) -.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 @@ -3347,63 +3349,61 @@ F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 432 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 444 Q F0 (Matches an)180 444 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 456 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 456 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 468 R F3 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +([...])144 456 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 456 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 468 R F3 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 -G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 492 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 -(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 504 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 516 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 492 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 504 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 516 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) 2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 528 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 540 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 528 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 540 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 552 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 552 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 564 Q -.4(Wi)180 -582 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F3 -.15(ch) -3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F3(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F3(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 594 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +582 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F3 -.15 +(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F3(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F3(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 594 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 606 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 618 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 630 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +4.29(Ac)180 630 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 642 Q -.4(Wi) -180 660 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F3 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F3(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 660 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F3 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F3(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 672 R (the character)180 684 Q F3(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 702 S(thin).4 E F1 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F3(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F3(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 718.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -730.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 718.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +730.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(25)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E +F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3423,11 +3423,11 @@ E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 204 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 216 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E -F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 -(After the preceding e)108 244.8 R 1.113 +F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 244.8 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 256.8 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 256.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 273.6 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 285.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 @@ -3435,42 +3435,42 @@ F1(Quote Remo)87 232.8 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 (by the shell.)108 297.6 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 309.6 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ - the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 -(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +-.25 F(dif)108 309.6 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 321.6 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -333.6 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 345.6 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +333.6 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 345.6 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 362.4 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +stead be preceded by a w)108 362.4 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) 108 374.4 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 386.4 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 386.4 +S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 +F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 398.4 Q F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -415.2 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 +415.2 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 (ion operator is)108 427.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 439.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 456 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 468 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 480 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 456 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 468 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 480 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S(rd,).1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 508.8 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 525.6 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3482,9 +3482,9 @@ Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 588 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 -(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F (wing)-.25 E(table:)108 616.8 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 645.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 @@ -3492,7 +3492,7 @@ E F1(/de)144 657.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) 180 669.6 Q F1(/de)144 681.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 693.6 Q F1(/de)144 705.6 Q (v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(26)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3500,21 +3500,21 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2 -(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 120 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 132 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 160.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 206.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3525,43 +3525,43 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 247.2 Q([)144 264 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 280.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 292.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 304.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +108 292.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 304.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F -.15(ex)108 316.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 333.6 Q([)144 350.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 379.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 379.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -420 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +420 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 (Redirection of output in this f)108 432 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 444 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 444 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 456 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 472.8 Q([)144 489.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 506.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 518.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3572,20 +3572,20 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 506.4 Q A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 604.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 621.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 638.4 R F2(wor) +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 638.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 650.4 Q +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 650.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 667.2 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 679.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 691.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 708 Q F1(&>>)144 724.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3598,31 +3598,31 @@ F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 117.6 Q F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 134.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 146.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 158.4 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +ontaining only)108 146.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 158.4 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 170.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 187.2 Q([)144 204 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 216 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 228 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 228 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 244.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225(is performed on)108 -256.8 R F2(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G 2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 --.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F2(delimiter)3.076 E F0 .226 -(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo).25 G(n) --2.726 E F2(wor)108 268.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215 -(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If) --.15 F F2(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .499 -(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 280.8 R .499 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .5 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 +256.8 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 +(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 +(is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 268.8 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 280.8 R 2.59 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 292.8 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 309.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 321.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -3631,69 +3631,69 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 338.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 350.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 384 Q F2 -(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 -(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 396 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 +(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 396 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.812(formed. The)108 408 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.812 F .313 +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +2.813(formed. The)108 408 R .313 +(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 (wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F (input \(or \214le descriptor)108 420 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 436.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 448.8 Q([)144 465.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1 -(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 482.4 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -494.4 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 506.4 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 518.4 Q +494.4 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 506.4 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 518.4 Q (The operator)108 535.2 Q([)144 552 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .443 +-.37 E F0 .444 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 568.8 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 580.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 592.8 R F2(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 580.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 592.8 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 604.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 604.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 616.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 633.6 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 645.6 Q([) 144 662.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 679.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2 -(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 -3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 -.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 691.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2 +(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 +3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 +.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 691.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 708 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 724.8 Q F2 (n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(28)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(mo)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1 -(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1 +(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (Opening File Descriptors f)87 112.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3702,36 +3702,36 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 170.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 187.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 199.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 187.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 199.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 211.2 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 223.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 235.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 247.2 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 259.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 283.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 295.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 307.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 211.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 223.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 235.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 247.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 259.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 283.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 295.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 307.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 324 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 @@ -3746,124 +3746,124 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 324 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 381.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -398.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +398.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 (one complete line of input before e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 422.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 422.4 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 (another command does not tak)108 434.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 446.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 470.4 R .613 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 470.4 R .612 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 482.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 482.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 494.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 511.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 528 Q F0 3.467(As)108 540 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 528 Q F0 3.468(As)108 540 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 552 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 564 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 576 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 576 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 600 R -F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 612 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 600 R +F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 612 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 628.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 640.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 652.8 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 640.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 652.8 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 664.8 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 664.8 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 676.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 676.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 688.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 705.6 S .656 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 705.6 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 717.6 Q +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 717.6 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(29)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 112.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 112.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 124.8 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 124.8 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 136.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 136.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 148.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 165.6 R F1 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 177.6 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 189.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 201.6 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 -(deleted using the)108 213.6 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 -F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) --.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) -108 225.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G -3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 237.6 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +.327(\214le and line number)108 189.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 201.6 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 +(deleted using the)108 213.6 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 +F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 +225.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 237.6 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 (Functions may be recursi)108 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 @@ -3871,178 +3871,179 @@ F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 278.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -295.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +295.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 (The shell allo)108 307.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 319.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 331.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G -.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 -343.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F -1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 355.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 372 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 -(va)144 384 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -396 Q F3(id)A F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 408 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 420 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 420 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 432 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 432 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -444 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 444 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 456 S F0 -(multiplication, di)144 456 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -468 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 468 Q F1(<< >>)108 480 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 480 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 492 Q F0 -(comparison)144 504 Q F1(== !=)108 516 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 -516 Q F1(&)108 528 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 528 Q F1(^)108 540 Q F0 -(bitwise e)144 540 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -552 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 552 Q F1(&&)108 564 Q F0(logical AND)144 564 Q -F1(||)108 576 Q F0(logical OR)144 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 588 S(pr).2 E F1 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 319.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 +(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) +2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 331.2 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F +1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 343.2 R(vity)-.25 E +3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 355.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 367.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +384 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 396 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 408 Q F3(id)A +F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 420 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 432 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 432 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 444 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +456 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 456 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 468 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 468 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 +480 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 480 Q F1(<< >>)108 492 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 492 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 504 Q F0 +(comparison)144 516 Q F1(== !=)108 528 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +528 Q F1(&)108 540 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 540 Q F1(^)108 552 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 552 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 +564 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 564 Q F1(&&)108 576 Q F0(logical AND)144 576 Q +F1(||)108 588 Q F0(logical OR)144 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 600 S(pr).2 E F1 (?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 600 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 612 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(conditional operator)144 612 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 624 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 (=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 624 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 636 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 648 Q .68(Shell v)108 664.8 R .68 +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 636 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 648 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E +F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 660 Q .68(Shell v)108 676.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 676.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 688.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 688.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 700.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G 1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) -.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 700.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 712.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 712.8 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 724.8 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 724.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(30) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(to be used in an e)108 84 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 100.8 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .333(assigned a v) +108 84 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v) +-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E +/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 96 Q(xpression.) +-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 112.8 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 112.8 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 -(he form [)-2.613 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(base#)A F0 .112 -(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)2.612 E F0 .112 -(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 124.8 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 124.8 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 +(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 136.8 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 (is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -136.8 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +148.8 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 148.8 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) +(@, and _, in that order)108 160.8 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) 3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 160.8 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 172.8 Q +.235(Operators are e)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 189.6 S +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 201.6 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 206.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 218.4 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 218.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 230.4 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 (test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 -(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 230.4 R .77 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 242.4 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 242.4 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 254.4 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 (\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 -254.4 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +266.4 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) 3.789 E F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 -(/de)108 266.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(/de)108 278.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 283.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 295.2 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 313.2 R F3([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +108 295.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 307.2 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 325.2 R F3([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E F3(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F3(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 E F3(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -325.2 Q F3<ad61>108 349.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 349.2 S +337.2 Q F3<ad61>108 361.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 361.2 S (ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad62>108 -361.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 361.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3<ad63>108 373.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 373.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3<ad63>108 +385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3 -<ad64>108 385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +<ad64>108 397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3 -<ad65>108 397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad66>108 409.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3<ad67>108 421.2 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3<ad68>108 433.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad6b>108 445.2 Q F1 +<ad65>108 409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad66>108 421.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3<ad67>108 433.2 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3<ad68>108 445.2 Q F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 445.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad6b>108 457.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>108 457.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3<ad72>108 469.2 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3<ad73>108 481.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3<ad74>108 493.2 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3<ad75>108 505.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>108 469.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3<ad72>108 481.2 Q F1(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3<ad73>108 493.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3<ad74>108 505.2 Q F1(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3<ad75>108 517.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3<ad77>108 -517.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3<ad78>108 529.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +529.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3<ad78>108 541.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3<ad47>108 -541.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +553.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3<ad4c>108 553.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad4e>108 565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3<ad4c>108 565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad4e>108 577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 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E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3<ad6f>108 685.2 Q +F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 697.2 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F3<ad6f> -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 697.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(31)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 709.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4133,8 +4134,8 @@ Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 703.2 Q F0 .546(After a command has been split into w)108 715.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 727.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E -(en.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(32)190.95 E 0 -Cg EP +(en.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(32)197.335 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4247,8 +4248,7 @@ F1(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 616.8 R (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) -3.556 F(mand)144 669.6 Q<83>108 686.4 Q(the current w)144 686.4 Q (orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 703.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(33)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4375,7 +4375,7 @@ Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E F1(Bash)108 724.8 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(34)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4511,7 +4511,7 @@ F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). 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The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 669.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 681.6 R +F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 573.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 585.6 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 597.6 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 -F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 609.6 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 621.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 633.6 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no) --3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 -G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 645.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 657.6 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 -E F0 1.221(When set to)144 669.6 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 -(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 -(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 681.6 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single str\ -ing of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 693.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043 -(board. This).15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 -(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(39)190.95 E 0 -Cg EP +144 693.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 705.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.21(When set to)144 717.6 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 729.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 +G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(39)197.335 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 96 R -F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 120 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 +E F0 1.221(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 +(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 +(paste into the editing b)144 144 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +(it had been read from the k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) +144 168 Q F1(enable\255k)108 180 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 204 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 216 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 240 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 252 Q F0(If set to)144 264 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 192 R F1(On) +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 276 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 288 R F1(On) 3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15 +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 300 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 216 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(history\255size \(unset\))108 312 Q F0 .948 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 240 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 336 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 (ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 252 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 264 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 348 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 360 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 +(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 372 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 384 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 396 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 288 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 300 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 312 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 324 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ -will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 336 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F -(synon)144 348 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 360 Q -(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ -The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 384 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 -(and)144 396 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 408 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 -(Set the current readline k)144 420 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E -.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 432 R F0 2.568 -(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 -.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 444 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C + ne)144 408 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 420 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 432 +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ +e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 456 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 468 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 480 Q F1 +(isear)108 492 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ +ental search without subsequently e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 516 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 528 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 540 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +552 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 564 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 +(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 576 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 456 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 588 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 468 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ +(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 600 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 480 R .292(mode is acti)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 -G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +iting)144 612 R .293(mode is acti)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 +G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 504 -Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 636 +Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 516 R -(the mode string.)144 528 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 540 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 552 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 648 R +(the mode string.)144 660 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 672 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) +.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 684 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G (adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 564 R +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 696 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 576 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 708 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 588 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 720 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 600 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) -.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 -F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 612 R(alue,)-.25 -E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 636 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 648 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C -(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 660 Q F0(If set to)144 -672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 684 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 -(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 708 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(40)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(40)197.335 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .192(This v)144 96 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 108 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 120 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 132 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .05 +(1000 means that)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 +F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 96 R(alue,)-.25 E +F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 120 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 132 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) +.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 144 Q F0(If set to)144 +156 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 +(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 168 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 180 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +2.675(,c)C .175 +(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 192 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .193(This v)144 216 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 228 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 240 Q F2 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 252 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 156 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 168 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 276 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 300 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 192 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 216 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 312 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 324 Q F2 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 348 R F2(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 228 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +(tions at a time.)144 360 Q F2 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 264 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 276 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +F(order)144 396 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 408 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .698(If set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 300 S +-3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 432 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 312 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 324 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 336 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 444 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 456 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 468 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) 2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 348 R(bell.)144 360 Q F1 -(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 384 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 480 R(bell.)144 492 Q F2 +(sho)108 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 516 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +-.1 F F2(sho)144 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 408 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 540 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 420 Q F1 -(sho)108 432 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 -(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 552 Q F2 +(sho)108 564 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 576 R F2(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 (dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 456 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 468 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 480 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 588 Q F2 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R +F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 492 Q +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 624 Q 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 504 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 516 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 528 Q F0 1.198(This string\ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 636 R +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 648 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 660 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 540 R .521(mode is acti)144 552 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 672 R .521(mode is acti)144 684 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 (inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -564 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +696 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 576 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +144 708 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 588 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 600 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 612 R .782(mode is acti)144 624 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 42 42 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 1.198(This strin\ +g is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt w\ +hen vi editing)144 96 R .782(mode is acti)144 108 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H .783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 636 R .869 +(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 120 R .869 (es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 (ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -648 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +132 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 660 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 684 R F1(On) +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 144 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 -(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 -(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(41)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 84 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 96 R .05(acility similar in spirit to the \ -conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 108 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B +(when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(su) -.15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 136.8 Q F0(The)144 136.8 Q F1($if)2.962 E -F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 148.8 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(or the application using readline.)144 261.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 160.8 Q F1(mode)144 177.6 Q F0(The)180 -177.6 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +(are required to isolate it.)144 273.6 Q F1(mode)144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 +290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 189.6 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 201.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 -E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 213.6 Q F1(term)144 230.4 Q F0(The)180 230.4 Q -F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 314.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 +Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 242.4 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 254.4 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -266.4 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +379.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 283.2 Q F0(The)180 -295.2 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 396 Q F0(The)180 408 +Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -307.2 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +420 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -319.2 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +432 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 331.2 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 444 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 343.2 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 367.2 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 379.2 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 391.2 Q F1($endif)180 -403.2 Q($endif)108 420 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 420 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 456 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 480 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 492 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 504 Q F1($endif)180 516 Q +($endif)108 532.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 532.8 Q (vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 436.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 436.8 Q +2.5 E F1($else)108 549.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 549.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 453.6 Q F0 -.356(This directi)144 465.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 566.4 Q F0 +.356(This directi)144 578.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 477.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 590.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 501.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 518.4 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 530.4 R .835 +($include)144 614.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 631.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 643.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 542.4 Q +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 655.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 559.2 R .697 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 672 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 571.2 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 684 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 583.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G -.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 595.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) -2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 -(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 607.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 -(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 619.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 631.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 648 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ -trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 660 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 672 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.174 -(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 684 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 696 Q -.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 712.8 R -.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 724.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G -(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(42)190.95 E 0 Cg -EP +(incremental search requires only as man)108 696 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 708 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F 2.315 +(If that v)108 720 R 2.315(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.315(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .567(Non-incremen\ -tal searches read the entire search string before starting to search fo\ -r matching history lines.)108 84 R(The search string may be typed by th\ -e user or be part of the contents of the current line.)108 96 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 112.8 Q F0 1.391(The follo) -108 124.8 R 1.391 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.34 +(incremental search.)108 84 R 1.34(Control-G will abort an incremental \ +search and restore the original line.)6.34 F 1.34(When the)6.34 F(searc\ +h is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes\ + the current line.)108 96 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 112.8 T 1.339(nd othe\ +r matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as \ +appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 124.8 R +.675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 136.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 +(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 148.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) +-.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) +3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F +(history list.)108 160.8 Q .653 +(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 177.6 R .653 +(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 +F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 189.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) +-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 206.4 R(The searc\ +h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ +rent line.)108 218.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 +235.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 247.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 136.8 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 259.2 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 148.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.41 E F0 .91 -(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E F0 -.911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db).15 G -3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 160.8 Q F0 2.5 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 271.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 283.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 177.6 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 189.6 Q F0(Mo)144 201.6 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 213.6 Q F0(Mo)144 225.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -237.6 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve f) --.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 261.6 Q F0(Mo)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 285.6 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 297.6 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 309.6 Q F1(backward\255w)108 321.6 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 333.6 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 300 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 312 Q F0(Mo)144 324 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 336 Q F0(Mo)144 348 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 360 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +384 Q F0(Mo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F2 -.25(fo)108 408 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 420 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 432 Q F2(backward\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 456 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 345.6 Q F1(shell\255f)108 357.6 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 369.6 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 -(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 381.6 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 393.6 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 405.6 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 417.6 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 429.6 Q(een \(C\255l\)) --.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 441.6 R .993 +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 468 Q F2(shell\255f)108 480 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 492 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) +-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F +(ters.)144 504 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +528 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 540 Q +F2(clear\255scr)108 552 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 564 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 453.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -465.6 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 -(Refresh the current line.)144 477.6 Q F1(Commands f)87 494.4 Q -(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -506.4 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 -(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) -144 530.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) -2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 -(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 542.4 Q F1(pr)108 -554.4 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 566.4 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 578.4 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 590.4 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 602.4 Q F0(Mo)144 614.4 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 626.4 Q F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 650.4 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 662.4 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 674.4 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 686.4 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 698.4 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(43)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 576 Q F2 -.18(re)108 588 +S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 +600 Q F2(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 628.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 640.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 652.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F +.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 664.8 Q F2(pr)108 +676.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 688.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 700.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 712.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\ -g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q -(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ -non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q -(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters bet\ -ween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 228 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 240 +SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E +F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 +G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +(Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 180 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ +d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 252 R +1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ +rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through \ +the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ +nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 252 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 264 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 276 R .282(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 396 R .282(vious command.) -.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 288 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 300 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 312 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 324 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) -.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 336 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 456 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 348 R(An)6.396 E +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 468 R(An)6.396 E 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 360 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 480 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 372 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 492 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -384 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 396 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 408 R .622 +504 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 516 Q F0 .622 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 528 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 420 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 540 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 432 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 444 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 552 Q F0 .939 +(Perform history e)144 564 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 468 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 480 R 1.626 +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 576 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 588 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 600 R 1.626 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 (HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 492 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 504 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 516 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(belo)144 612 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 624 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 636 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 528 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 540 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 552 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 564 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 576 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 588 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 648 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 660 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 672 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 684 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 696 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 84 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 612 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(history for editing.)144 108 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 624 Q F0(In)144 -636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 120 Q F0(In)144 +132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL) --.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0 -(and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 664.8 Q(or Changing T) --.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 676.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 688.8 R .799 +(attempts to in)144 144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) +-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 +(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 +E F1(Commands f)87 160.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 +(end\255of\255\214le)108 172.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 184.8 R .799 (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 700.8 R +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 196.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 712.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(44)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 +(as the end of input and returns)144 208.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 220.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 232.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 -E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 -(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +108 256.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 268.8 R +5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 280.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 292.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 304.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C -(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 -(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 312 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 316.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 328.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +340.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 352.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 364.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 376.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 388.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 400.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 412.8 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 424.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +436.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 448.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 460.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +472.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 484.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 496.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +508.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 532.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 544.8 Q 1.647 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 556.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 568.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +580.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b) +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 +604.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 616.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 628.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 640.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 +(mode. In)144 652.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 +(pushing the te)144 664.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 -Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E -(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 -(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) --.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(45)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 676.8 +Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +693.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 705.6 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 717.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +SF(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 84 Q F0(Kill backw)144 +96 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 108 Q F0(Kill backw)144 120 Q +(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E +(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 132 Q F0 +(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 +144 Q F1(kill\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 168 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 180 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 192 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 204 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 216 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 228 R +.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 240 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +108 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 264 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 288 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 300 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -204 R .166 +312 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 324 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +336 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 348 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 360 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 372 Q F1(kill\255r)108 384 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 396 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 408 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 420 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +(copy\255backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 444 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 456 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 468 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) -.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 492 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 504 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 516 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 528 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 540 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 556.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 568.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 580.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 592.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 616.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +628.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +640.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 652.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 664.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 676.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 688.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 +87 705.6 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(46)197.335 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete \(T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 96 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 108 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 120 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 -(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 -F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(46)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 132 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 144 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 156 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 168 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 180 R .783(xt before point that w) +-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) +.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 192 Q F0(.)A F1 +(menu\255complete)108 204 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 216 R F1(complete) +3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 +(possible completions.)144 228 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 240 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F -.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 -(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 -(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 --.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 --.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q -(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 -(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 252 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 +(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 +(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 264 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 +(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 +E(through the list.)144 276 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 +E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 288 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 +300 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 312 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 324 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 336 R .234 (ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 348 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q +360 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 372 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 384 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 396 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 408 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q +(complete\255user)108 420 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 432 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q +108 444 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 456 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q +468 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 480 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q +(possible\255v)108 492 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 516 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 540 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 552 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 564 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 576 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 588 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 612 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 624 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 636 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 648 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 660 Q F1(dab)108 672 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 684 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ -me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q -(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 -E(47)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S<ad72>.18 E +SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214len\ +ame completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wit\ +hin braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q +(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S<ad72>.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) --.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R +(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v) --.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 -E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.256 E F0 1.755 -(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 +(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 333.6 Q +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q +(uppercase character)144 357.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q +(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F -3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 477.6 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) +144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) -.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +549.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.044 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) --.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ +ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E +5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 +681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E +(48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) +144 96 Q F0 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 624 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 132 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 144 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 168 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 180 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 204 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 216 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 228 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(48)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 +(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 276 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 288 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 156 R .304 +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 324 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 360 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(\214le.)144 372 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 384 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 396 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +424.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 448.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .497 (If the command w)5.497 F .498 (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +477.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) -108 381.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +108 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 398.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) + matching w)108 554.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 566.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2 R +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 583.2 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 607.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 624 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 480 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 636 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 648 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 664.8 Q .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -520.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +676.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 532.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 688.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +700.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -556.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +712.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(49)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 597.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 -(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -621.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 -(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.738 E F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376 +(options is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F +3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q +F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157 +(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 +5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) +-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E +(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va) +3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 645.6 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 657.6 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .264(gument \() +-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)-2.764 F .263 +(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 156 R .628 +(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 669.6 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 168 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 -(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -722.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .08 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv) --2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081 -(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 96 R .359(should pr\ -int a list of completions, one per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F -.358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 108 Q -(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 124.8 R +108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 +220.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 249.6 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 278.4 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 136.8 R +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 290.4 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 148.8 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(the w)108 302.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 160.8 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 314.4 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 172.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 184.8 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -201.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +355.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 213.6 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 230.4 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 384 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 242.4 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +F1(complete)108 396 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 259.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 271.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 424.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 288 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 441.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 300 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E -F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +.632(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 312 R .558 -(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 324 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 336 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 348 -Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E -.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 364.8 R .632(tions force readl\ -ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 376.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 388.8 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 +501.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .632(tions force\ + readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ + to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 400.8 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 554.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -417.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 429.6 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F +571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +(tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ - by returning an e)108 441.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) + by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 453.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 465.6 R .666 +ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -477.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +631.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) -.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 489.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 506.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 518.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 672 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 535.2 Q({)108 547.2 Q 6 -(.")144 559.2 S +E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6 +(.")144 712.8 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -571.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -583.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 612 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 624 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(50)197.335 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 51 51 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF +(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 84 Q/F2 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 +(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F +F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 636 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 648 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +F .43(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -660 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 672 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +160.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 172.8 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 684 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 700.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -712.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 724.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 96 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 108 R .098 +(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 261.6 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 120 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFORMA) -3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as) -3.559 G 1.059(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last) --.15 F F1($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 132 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E +F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 285.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -144 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +297.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 156 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 168 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G -.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 180 R +.197(history \214le is o)108 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 321.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +G .584 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 333.6 R 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 192 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 345.6 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 204 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 -3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 216 Q +(truncated to contain no more than)108 357.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 369.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 232.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(The b)108 386.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 244.8 R +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R (The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 256.8 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 410.4 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 268.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 285.6 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 439.2 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 297.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 309.6 Q F0 .75 +(cmdhist)108 463.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 321.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 475.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 333.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 345.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -357.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 374.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 -(The shell supports a history e)108 386.4 R .611 +511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) +-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 (xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 398.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 410.4 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 422.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 439.2 R 1.305 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 576 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) +-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 592.8 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 451.2 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -480 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 492 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +633.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 645.6 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 504 R 1.868(second is to select porti\ -ons of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 516 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F5(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F5(modi\214er)108 528 Q -(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 657.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 669.6 R F4 +-.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 681.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 (line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 540 R -.15(ve) --.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 693.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 (-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 552 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(one w)108 705.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 564 Q F3 -(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 717.6 Q +F3(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 (backslash \()2.678 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 (nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 -(tory e)108 576 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if i\ -t immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(double-quoted string.)108 588 Q(Se)108 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(tory e)108 729.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ + it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(51)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(double-quoted string.)108 84 Q(Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 616.8 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 628.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 645.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 657.6 R F3 -(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F3(shopt) -3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 669.6 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 681.6 R F3 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F3 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F3(histr)108 693.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 705.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F3<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F3(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 717.6 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F3<ad73>2.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F3(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G +(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F +F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 +141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 +(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 +(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E +F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 +(shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) +-.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, h\ +istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 +165.6 R 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.515(is reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E +F0 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.516(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 189.6 +Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F1<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 213.6 +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1<ad73>2.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.2 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 2.2(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2 -(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 2.2 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 96 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B -1.146(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 108 Q F1 -(Ev)87 124.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 136.8 R -.15(ve) +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 2.2 +(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +254.4 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1 +(Ev)87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 165.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 165.6 R 1.608 +108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q +F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 177.6 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(\(when the)144 336 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n) -2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q -(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R -F2(string)144 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A -F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positio\ -n in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144 273.6 Q F0 5 -(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2 -(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.) --.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 290.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2 -(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 297.6 R .783 -(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1) -3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 -E -.25(va)-.25 G .784(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 309.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F2 -(string1)A F0(/)A F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 321.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 321.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 338.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 350.4 S 1.314 +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 360 Q +F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 360 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(.) +.24 E F1(!!)108 372 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 372 Q(vious command.)-.25 +E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 384 Q F2(string)A +F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position\ + in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2(string)144 396 Q F0(.) +.22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most r\ +ecent command preceding the current position in the history list contai\ +ning)144 420 R F2(string)144 432 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?) +2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E +(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) +108 449 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783 +(Quick substitution.)144 456 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2 +(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 468 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 480 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 480 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 496.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 508.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 (separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 362.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.529(from the w)108 520.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) -3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 374.4 R 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 532.8 R 1.301 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 386.4 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 403.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 415.2 Q +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 544.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 561.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 573.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 427.2 Q F0(The)144 427.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E -F1(^)108 439.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 451.2 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 451.2 +F2(n)108.36 585.6 Q F0(The)144 585.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 597.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 597.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 609.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 609.6 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 463.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 475.2 Q F0(The w)144 475.2 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) --.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 487.2 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 -2.5(Ar)144 487.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C -(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 499.2 Q F0 -.316(All of the w)144 499.2 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 621.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 633.6 Q F0(The w)144 633.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 645.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 645.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 657.6 Q F0 +.316(All of the w)144 657.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 ('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 511.2 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 669.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -523.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 523.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<78ad>108 535.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 535.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +681.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 681.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 693.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 693.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E -(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 552 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E -(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 568.8 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 580.8 R .183 +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 710.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) +-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(52)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 96 R .183 (ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 (here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 592.8 Q F1(h)108 -609.6 Q F0(Remo)144 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 +124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 621.6 Q F0(Remo)144 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 633.6 Q F0(Remo)144 633.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -657.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 657.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 669.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 669.6 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 681.6 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 681.6 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 +108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E +F1(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 +E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 693.6 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 705.6 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 (for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 717.6 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 729.6 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(52) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .274 -(single backslash will quote the &.)144 84 R(If)5.274 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last) -3.544 F F1(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G -2.775(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 96 Q F1(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 -(search.)5 E F2(&)108 108 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 108 Q -(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 120 Q F0 .398 -(Cause changes to be applied o)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G -.398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .397 -(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 132 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F2(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `) -3.718 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) +2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 +(&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E +F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F2(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 156 Q F0(.)A -F2(G)108 168 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 168 Q(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 184.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 196.8 -R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F2<ad>108 208.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F2<adad>2.534 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F2(:)2.534 E -F0(,)A F2(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F2(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F2(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 220.8 R F2<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F2(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F2(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F2(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F2(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 232.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F2<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F2<adad>2.761 E +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) +A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q +(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 R .062(uiltin command documen\ +ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 +381.6 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 .034 +(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 +(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 393.6 R F1<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F +.261(process ar)108 405.6 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) +-.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 (guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 244.8 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F2<ad>3.654 E F0 1.154 -(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F2 -<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F2(:)108 274.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 286.8 R .452 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 417.6 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>3.654 E F0 1.154 +(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 +<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 447.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 459.6 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 298.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F2(.)110.5 315.6 Q F1(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108 327.6 Q(ce)-.18 E -F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 339.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F1 +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 488.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 500.4 Q(ce)-.18 E +F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 512.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 -(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F1 +(status of the last command e)144 524.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 (\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F -.608(names in)144 363.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1 +.608(names in)144 536.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 375.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 548.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 387.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(\214le is found in)144 560.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -399.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F -(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F -2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1 -(\214lename)144 411.6 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F2<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 423.6 Q F2(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F2(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F2(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 (trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 435.6 R F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F2(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F -F2(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F2<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 447.6 R F2(DEB)3.935 E +(restored around the call to)144 608.4 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 620.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F2(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 459.6 R 1.262 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(completes. The)144 632.4 R 1.262 (return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 471.6 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F1(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F2<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E -F1(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 644.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +F2(name)144 685.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 -(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value) +(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) +3.08 E F0(whose)144 697.2 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 (ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 -(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F2(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -589.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad71>-2.5 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2<ad72>-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad66>2.5 E F1 -(\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2<ad78>2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -(function\255name)A F2(bind)108 702 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6d>A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 714 R F2 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 726 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(53)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(tution when the alias is e)144 709.2 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(53)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg) +108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E +.744(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +(when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 189.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F .483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 96 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6d>144 108 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 -120 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 -F(Acceptable)7.659 E F1 -.1(ke)180 132 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are) -5.883 F F1 3.193(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 +285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 144 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F1(vi\255insert)4.113 -E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 -(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F1(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 156 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F1 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2<ad6c>144 168 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F2<ad70>144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 -G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad50>144 192 Q -F0(List current)180 192 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F2<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Display)180 204 -Q F2 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G -1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 216 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F2<ad53>144 228 Q F0 -(Display)180 228 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) --.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G -(utput.)-2.5 E F2<ad76>144 240 Q F0(Display)180 240 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G -(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 333.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 345.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 357.6 Q F0(Display)180 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re) +2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 369.6 +Q F0(List current)180 369.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 381.6 Q F0(Display)180 +381.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 393.6 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an 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Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) --.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2<ad78>144 -360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G -(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-) -4.325 E(mand)180 384 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 -(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) -4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 --.18(re)180 396 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 429.6 Q F0(List current)180 429.6 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 441.6 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +453.6 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad71>144 465.6 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 477.6 Q +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 489.6 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 501.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 513.6 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +-.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 +(.)A F1<ad78>144 537.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 (riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -408 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 420 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2<ad58>144 432 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 432 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 +609.6 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 444 Q(The return v) -144 460.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 621.6 Q(The return v) +144 638.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F2(br)108 477.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 489.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2 -(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 501.6 Q F1(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ +E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 (xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2 -(bu)108 530.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 542.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1 +691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 55 55 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E +(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -554.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -566.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 --.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 578.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 607.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 +R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R +.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) +-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 +(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 619.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 631.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +.253(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 (displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 655.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 208.8 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 667.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 220.8 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 679.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 708 R F1(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 720 R -3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(54)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .849 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85 -(ach directory name in)-3.35 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)3.35 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 96 Q F0 5.665 -(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665(irectory names in).15 -F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665 -(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 108 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 -(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 --.74('')C 6.662(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 120 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F3<ad50>2.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F3(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 273.6 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E +.849(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F2(dir)144 297.6 +Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F +4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 +(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 321.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 +.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F3<ad50>3.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 144 R F3(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F3<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 +(symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 156 R F1(..) -2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F1(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F1(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F1(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 +(..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 (ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 168 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 180 R F3 -<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F3<ad50>3.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 369.6 R .744 +(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 +(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E +F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 381.6 R F1<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465 +(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 (orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 192 R F3(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 204 R F3<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)2.968 +E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 (option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 216 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F3<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +144 417.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F3<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 +.106(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 (is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.538(ww) --.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108 -268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F1(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.538 +(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) +-2.638 F(The return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 +470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with) +3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 292.8 R -F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F3<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 494.4 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 316.8 R F3<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F3<ad76> -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F1(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F3<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 328.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 518.4 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 530.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 (ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F3 -<ad56>144 340.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F3<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F3<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 +<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F3 -(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R -F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F3<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F3<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 429.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F3 -<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F3<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 631.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 +<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F .131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q +679.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 691.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3 -(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F3<ad6f>-3.729 E F1(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F3(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F3<ad41>-3.728 E F1(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3<ad47> --3.728 E F1(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F3<ad57>-3.728 E F1(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F3<ad46>-3.728 E F1(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -542.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 554.4 Q -F3<ad58>A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 578.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F3<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -590.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 602.4 R(The)5.31 E F3<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 614.4 R(The)6.347 E -F3<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 626.4 R(`def)-.74 E -(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -638.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F3<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 650.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 662.4 Q 1.438 -(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -686.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 722.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F3<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F3<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F3<ad58>3.056 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(55)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(55)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 84 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1 +<ad6f>-3.729 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C +F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 +3.728(][)C F1<ad47>-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57> +-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2 +(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E +F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50> +-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1 +(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) +-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 +.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +144 144 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 156 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 +<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E +3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F +3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F +.955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') +-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.438 +(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 +240 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q +.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .855 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 96 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in) -.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 120 Q F2(comp-option) -2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 -(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 -(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 132 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -144 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 156 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) -2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 168 Q F1(default)184 180 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 180 -R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 312 Q F2 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') +.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 +.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q +F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 384 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 192 Q F1(dir)184 204 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 216 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 240 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 252 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 264 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 276 Q F1(noquote) -184 288 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(noquote) +184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 300 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 312 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 312 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S +(\214lenames is the def)224 504 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 516 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 516 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 336 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 348 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 348 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 540 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 552 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 552 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 360 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 372 -Q F1<ad41>144 384 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 396 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 576 +Q F1<ad41>144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -408 Q F0(Alias names.)224 408 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 420 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 432 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 444 Q(Readline)224 444 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 456 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 456 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 468 -Q F0(Command names.)224 480 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 492 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 504 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 516 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 528 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -540 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 540 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -552 Q F0(Names of e)224 552 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) --.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -564 Q F0(File names.)224 564 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 576 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 588 -Q F1(gr)184 600 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 600 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -612 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 624 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 636 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 648 -Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 660 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 672 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 684 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -696 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 708 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 708 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(56)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +612 Q F0(Alias names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 624 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 636 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 648 Q(Readline)224 648 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 660 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 660 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 672 +Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(setopt)184 84 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the) --.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 96 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the) -224 96 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 108 Q -F0(Signal names.)224 108 Q F1(stopped)184 120 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 132 Q F0(User names.)224 132 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 144 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 144 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 156 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 168 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +SF(disabled)184 84 Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 96 Q(uiltins.)-.2 +E F1(enabled)184 108 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 108 Q(uiltins.) +-.2 E F1(export)184 120 Q F0(Names of e)224 120 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E +2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(\214le)184 132 Q F0(File names.)224 132 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 144 +Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 156 Q F1(gr)184 168 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)224 168 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(helptopic)184 180 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 192 Q +F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 204 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 216 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 228 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 240 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 252 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 264 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 +264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 276 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 +(Service names.)224 276 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 288 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 288 S(lid ar)1.11 E +(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 300 Q F0 +(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 300 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 312 Q F0(Signal names.)224 312 Q F1 +(stopped)184 324 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 +324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 336 Q F0(User names.)224 336 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 348 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 348 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 360 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 180 Q F1<ad46>144 192 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 204 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 384 Q F1<ad46>144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 408 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 216 R +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 228 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 432 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 240 R .103 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 444 R .103 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) -2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 252 R +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 456 R .102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 264 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 276 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 -(The pathname e)184 288 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 300 Q F1<ad50>144 312 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 324 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 468 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1<ad47>144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 492 R +1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q +F1<ad50>144 516 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 528 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 336 Q F1<ad53>144 348 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 348 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 540 Q F1<ad53>144 552 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 552 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 360 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 564 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 (special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 384 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(resultant list which match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 408 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .455 +(resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1<ad58>144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .455 (is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat) +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 472.8 R .467 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 676.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 (or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 496.8 Q F0 +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 525.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 537.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(57)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 +(Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 +(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 (re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 549.6 Q F2(name) +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name) 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 561.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 573.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 585.6 R 2.177 +1.228(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ +and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) +-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.177 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 (option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 597.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 621.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +E 1.388(The return v)144 192 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.753 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 (The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(57)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A -F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R -1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib) -.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C -1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264 -(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S -3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 +(typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 (option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.775 E F0 -(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66> -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.) --2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F -(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 156 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 -F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 E F0 -(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R -.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) --.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F -1.291(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.291 E F1<ad46>3.791 E F0 1.291 -(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the functi\ -on)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F -.948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +369.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 +381.6 R(The)6.291 E F1<ad46>3.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ +y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 393.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F -(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1<ad66> -3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1<ad67>3.891 E F0 1.391 +405.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 417.6 Q F1 +<ad66>3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1<ad67>3.891 E F0 1.391 (option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 (is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R -.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 276 Q F0(Each)180 -276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) -.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 -E F1<ad69>144 300 Q F0 .558(The v)180 300 R .558 +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F1<ad61>144 465.6 Q F0(Each)180 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 477.6 Q +F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 489.6 Q F0(Use function names only) +180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 501.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 501.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 324 Q F0 .909 -(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 513.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q +F0 .909(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R(upper) -2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 348 Q F0(Gi) -180 348 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E -F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 537.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 549.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 360 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F -1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 372 Q .27 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.77 E F0 2.77(,e)C .27 -(xcept for changing the)-2.92 F F1<ad6e>2.77 E F0(attrib)2.77 E .27 -(ute itself, are performed)-.2 F .894(on the v)180 384 R .894 -(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.394 E F0 1.995 -.55('s v)D 3.395 -(alue. The).3 F .895(nameref attrib)3.395 F .895 -(ute cannot be applied to)-.2 F(array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1 -<ad72>144 408 Q F0(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C -(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 Q F1 -<ad74>144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 456 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 456 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 480 Q F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 -E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +1.518(That other v)180 561.6 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 573.6 Q .227 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 +(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) +2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 585.6 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 597.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 609.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 609.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E +7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F +2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +621.6 Q F1<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0(Gi)180 633.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 645.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 +657.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 657.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 669.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> +144 681.6 Q F0(Mark)180 681.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 698.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 +(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 710.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) -3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 722.4 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(58)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) +-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 -544.8 R F1<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F1<ad41>3.426 E F0 .927 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 -F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 -(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 -(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 96 +R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F2<ad41>3.426 E F0 +.927(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 108 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F +3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592(ect until subsequent assignments.) +.25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C 2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -580.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +132 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 144 R F2 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .172 +F1(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .172 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 168 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .329 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 180 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 196.8 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 220.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 232.8 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 705.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 717.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .882 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 244.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 256.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 256.8 Q +F2<ad6c>144 268.8 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(58) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) -180 84 Q F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one en\ -try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.772(xi) --.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.564(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 -1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 -E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1<ad>144 144 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 292.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 292.8 Q F2<ad76> +144 304.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q F2<ad>144 352.8 Q F1 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 352.8 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .257(The return v)144 -172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +381.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 393.6 Q F2(diso)108 410.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 434.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 458.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 -<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 +<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F1(jobspec)5.599 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F2(echo)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.308 E F1<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 +(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F1<ad45>3.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +535.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F2<ad45>3.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 (ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q -F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q +F F2(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F2<adad>3.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 583.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) +144 595.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 595.2 Q F2(\\b)144 607.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 607.2 Q F2(\\c)144 619.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +619.2 Q F2(\\e)144 631.2 Q(\\E)144 643.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +643.2 Q F2(\\f)144 655.2 Q F0(form feed)180 655.2 Q F2(\\n)144 667.2 Q +F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 +(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(59)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 60 60 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(\\0)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 84 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.507 +(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.507 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 156 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R +3.047 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 208.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 220.8 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 (is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 232.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 -F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F -F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.525 +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 R +.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.525 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1<ad64> 2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) -5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 715.2 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 280.8 R F1<ad70> 2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +292.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(59)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) -.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 -(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 -(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 -(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 -Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +340.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 357.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 393.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 213.6 R .177 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 434.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .499(gument passed to) +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .499(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 (lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) 3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) +F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 494.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 285.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 506.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 (edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .095(xit with a status of) +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 518.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .095(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 367.2 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 -<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.446 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 547.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 576 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 636 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 700.8 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314(is used as an of) -144 516 R .314(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E -F2(last)2.905 E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F -(-)-.2 E .949(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 -(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E -F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E -F0(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q -F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +144 724.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314 +(is used as an of)144 84 R .314(fset from the current command number\).) +-.25 F(If)5.314 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.905 E F0 .315 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F1<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q +/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F3<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 144 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F3<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +.334(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 (ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E -F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 612 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 +(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 168 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 +F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4 +(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v) +144 180 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 +F .951(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 +F -.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>2.847 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F1<8c72>2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.166(rc) +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.166(rc) 3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 +(mand.)144 252 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 276 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F3<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(60) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .787 -(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 108 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E -F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413 -(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q -3.117(sn)-.55 G .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job) --.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q +312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 324 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 376.8 Q .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 388.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +F3(getopts)108 405.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .15 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .579 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 453.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 +E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 (getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 (automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 513.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 561.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.393 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.165 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.165 (can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 (is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 -(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 633.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 429.6 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 645.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) +-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) -2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 465.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) +(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 681.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) 3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -477.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +693.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -513.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144 525.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 -(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 -(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +729.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(61)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 84 Q F0(,).18 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) +2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \() +2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 96 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 +(and)2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 +(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3(getopts)144 120 Q F0 +.902(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 132 Q F3(hash)108 148.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 160.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 172.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 626.4 -R F2<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 184.8 +R F3<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.712 E F2<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 +(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.712 E F3<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F2<ad64>4.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F3<ad64>4.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 208.8 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F2<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F3<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) 3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -674.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 +232.8 R F3<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 +244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F3<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(61)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867 -(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 -F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) -3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E -.306(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807 -(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 -<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 -144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 -E F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 -156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 -(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -261.6 S .752 +.25 E F3(help)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +297.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +309.6 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 321.6 Q F3 +<ad64>144 333.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 333.6 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F3<ad6d>144 345.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 345.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 357.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 357.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 374.4 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 391.2 Q F1(n)A F3(])A +(history \255c)108 403.2 Q(history \255d)108 415.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A +F3(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 451.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +463.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 273.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 285.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) +2.881 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 297.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 309.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 511.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 321.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 523.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 333.6 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 333.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 345.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 369.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 369.6 R(`ne)-.74 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 535.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 +<ad64>144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 +E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 571.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 571.2 R(`ne)-.74 E (w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) -3.064 F .565(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 -381.6 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 393.6 +583.2 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 595.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 393.6 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 405.6 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 417.6 Q F1<ad72>144 429.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 429.6 Q F1 -<ad77>144 441.6 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 441.6 Q +le into the current history list.)180 595.2 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 607.2 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 619.2 Q F3<ad72>144 631.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3 +<ad77>144 643.2 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 453.6 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 453.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 655.2 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 655.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 465.6 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 667.2 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 477.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 489.6 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 489.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 679.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 691.2 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 691.2 R F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 501.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 518.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 703.2 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 720 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 530.4 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 542.4 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 554.4 R 1.795 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 566.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ -option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 578.4 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 590.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 607.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 619.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 631.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 643.2 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 643.2 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 655.2 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 655.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 667.2 Q F1<ad70> -144 679.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 679.2 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 691.2 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 691.2 Q F1<ad73>144 703.2 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 703.2 Q(If)144 720 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E -F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(62)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an in)144 84 Q --.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E -.394(If the)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394 -(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F -(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E -F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F -(sponding process group ID, and e)144 112.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E -F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r) -.27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F2(kill)108 129.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 -E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 -E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2(kill \255l)108 141.6 Q F0(|) -A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 153.6 R F1 -(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F1 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 165.6 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 177.6 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .669 +(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ +tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ +ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 +(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>3.531 +E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 +172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 +<ad6e>144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad70> +144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 +<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E +F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 +<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 +(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 189.6 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 201.6 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 213.6 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 225.6 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 R(The)5.962 E F2<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) -.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 237.6 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 254.4 Q -F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -266.4 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 278.4 Q F1(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 295.2 Q F0([)2.5 +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 +E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 307.2 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 319.2 Q 3.152(yo) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -331.2 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 343.2 R F2 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 355.2 R F2(set)4.063 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 367.2 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 379.2 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 391.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) 2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) -108 408 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 408 Q F2(map\214le)108 424.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count) +108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73> -2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75> -2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 436.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 <ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 448.8 R +(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 460.8 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 484.8 Q F0(The \214rst character of) -180 484.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +-6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 686.4 Q F0(The \214rst character of) +180 686.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F2<ad6e>144 496.8 Q F0(Cop)180 496.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) +E F2<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0(Cop)180 698.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) -2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 508.8 Q F0(Be)180 508.8 Q +(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 710.4 Q F0(Be)180 710.4 Q (gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) -.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 520.8 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 520.8 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 -<ad74>144 532.8 Q F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 544.8 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 544.8 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 556.8 Q F0(Ev)180 -556.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 568.8 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 568.8 Q -F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 585.6 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 -(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 +-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +E(63)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1<ad74>144 96 Q F0(Remo)180 96 Q .3 +-.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne) +-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 108 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 120 Q F0(Ev)180 120 Q +(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum) +2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 132 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 132 Q F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 148.8 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 597.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 160.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 609.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 172.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 621.6 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 638.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 -(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 655.2 Q F0 1.906 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 184.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 201.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 218.4 Q F0 1.906 (returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 667.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F2(popd)108 684 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se) -.15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -708 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +F1(popd)108 247.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 +(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G +.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 +G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 +271.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8) -141.79 E(63)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 84 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 283.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 295.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 295.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 96 Q F1(+)144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G -(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 120 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 132 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 144 -R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0 -(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 160.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E -F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 172.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 307.2 Q F1(+)144 319.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +331.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 343.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 355.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 +372 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 384 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 184.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 396 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 213.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 424.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 225.6 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 436.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 237.6 Q(The)144 261.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 448.8 Q(The)144 472.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 285.6 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 297.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 496.8 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 508.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 309.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 520.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 532.8 Q F0(causes)180 532.8 Q F1(printf) 2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 333.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 345.6 Q F0(causes)180 345.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 544.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 556.8 Q F0(causes)180 556.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 357.6 Q F1(%\()144 369.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 381.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 568.8 Q F1(%\()144 580.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 592.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 393.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 604.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -405.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F +616.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 417.6 R .847 +(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 628.8 R .847 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 +F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G 2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 441.6 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 458.4 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 652.8 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 669.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 470.4 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 681.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 482.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 499.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 693.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 710.4 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 511.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 722.4 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 523.2 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 564 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 576 R .416 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 588 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 600 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 612 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 612 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 624 Q F1(+)144 636 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 -1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 660 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 660 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 -(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 672 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 684 Q F0(Adds)180 684 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 696 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 712.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 -E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 724.8 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(64)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 -(stack is empty)144 84 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent di\ -rectory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP) -A F0(])A .844(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 124.8 R -.845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 84 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A +F1(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0 +(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate\ +s the stack, making the ne)144 124.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the) +-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 136.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F +5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G +(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 148.8 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 160.8 Q +F1<ad6e>144 172.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 172.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 184.8 Q F1(+)144 +196.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 196.8 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 208.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 220.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 244.8 Q F0(Adds)180 244.8 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) +-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 256.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd) +2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) +-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 +(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ + directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -136.8 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +350.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 148.8 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 160.8 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 172.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 189.6 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2 -(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 -<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E -F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A -([)108 201.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 213.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 225.6 Q -F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348 -(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 237.6 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e> +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E +F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 415.2 Q F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 427.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 451.2 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 249.6 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 463.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 261.6 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 475.2 Q F0 5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) -.25 F .722 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 273.6 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 487.2 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 (characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 (are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 285.6 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 499.2 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 297.6 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 511.2 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -309.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 321.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 333.6 R 1.049 +523.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 547.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 345.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +F2(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 369.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18 +F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 595.2 R F1 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 607.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F1<ad69>144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re) +(acti)180 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E +F1<ad69>144 631.2 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 631.2 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2 (te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 -E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e> -144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 +E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 643.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e> +144 655.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 667.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 465.6 Q +(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 679.2 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S +<ad4e>144 691.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 703.2 S (ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 715.2 R F1 -.18(re) 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 727.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .669 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +E(65)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .609 +(characters are read.)180 84 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 +(va)180 96 S .669(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 549.6 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 108 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 (on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q -2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5 +(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 597.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 609.6 Q -(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 -621.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 621.6 Q +<ad72>144 156 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 168 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 180 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 180 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 633.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 645.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +<ad74>144 192 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 657.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 669.6 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 216 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 228 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -681.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 693.6 R .59 +240 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 252 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 705.6 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 717.6 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 729.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(65)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 264 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 276 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +288 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 340.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +465.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 -338.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +554.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 578.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 +(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 691.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 715.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 727.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.624 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 84 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 +144 96 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 +($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 5(.O) +C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 132 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 132 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0 .087 +(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 168 Q F2 +1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +(The shell does not e)184 180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 216 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 +-.25(va)184 228 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) +.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 252 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 264 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 276 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 -Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(66)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.042 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042 -(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 -(ignored, none of the commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 108 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 -.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 288 Q +2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 306 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 E F0 +2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 318 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F +.194(body will be af)184 330 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E +F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 120 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 342 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 132 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 354 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 -<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 168 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -168 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 366 Q F1 +<ad66>144 378 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 378 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 390 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +390 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 192 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 192 R .514 +402 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 414 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 414 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 426 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 438 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 438 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 -(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 -(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 -(process group.)184 240 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ -ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 -E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 264 R .653(ut do not e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1<ad6f>144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) -184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 450 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 462 R .679 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 474 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 486 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 486 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 498 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 582 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 582 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 594 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) +184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 702 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 -(Same as)224 636 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) -224 648 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 -R 1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 February 8)141.79 E(67)190.95 E 0 Cg EP +H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F -F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) --.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 -(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 -(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +SF(ignor)184 84 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 96 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +108 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 204 Q F1(notify)184 216 Q F0 +(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as) +224 228 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 264 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 276 +R 1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 300 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 300 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -144 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -156 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) +336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +360 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +372 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q -F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) +396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +438 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1<ad70> -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1<ad70> +144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4 +-.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 498 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1<ad74>144 558 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +606 Q F1<ad76>144 618 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 618 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) 2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 666 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 678 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 690 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad45>144 84 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 84 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +F .838(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 +<ad48>144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 156 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 168 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 228 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R -F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 252 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)4.444 E +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 264 R F1 +<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 -718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 +292.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(68)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 -(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) --5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 458.4 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 237.6 R(The)5.945 E +.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 470.4 R(The)5.945 E F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 249.6 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 261.6 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 261.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 -273.6 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad71>144 285.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 285.6 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 297.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 +3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 482.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 494.4 Q +F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 494.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 +506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad71>144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ +return status indicates whether the)180 518.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 +(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 (optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 309.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 321.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 321.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 554.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 554.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 338.4 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 571.2 R F1 <ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 -(set or unset, respecti)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 362.4 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -379.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 391.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 403.2 Q(The list of)144 420 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 438 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 438 R +144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 670.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 450 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 462 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 474 R .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 486 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 498 Q F0 -1.055 +(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(69)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -498 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 510 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +84 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 522 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 534 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 546 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 +(the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 .736 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 570 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 156 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 582 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 606 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 618 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 630 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +(attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 642 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -654 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 666 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E -F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 -678 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 678 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E +F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 +264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -690 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 702 Q -F0 .419(If set,)184 714 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 +276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q +F0 .419(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 726 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 312 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 (conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 -(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .71(using the)184 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 324 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 336 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 108 Q F2(str)2.5 -E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 120 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 348 Q F4(str)2.5 +E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 360 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 +372 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 144 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 384 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 156 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 396 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 168 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 408 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 180 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 +F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 (changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 204 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 444 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 (conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 216 R F1 +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 456 R F1 (compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F (ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 228 R -.15 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 468 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 240 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 252 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 264 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F2(posix) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 480 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 492 Q F0 1.484(If set,) +184 504 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F4(posix) 3.984 E F0 1.483 (mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 276 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G +(ex)184 516 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 (nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 288 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 528 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 300 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 540 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 312 Q F1(compat42)144 324 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 552 Q F1(compat42)144 564 Q +F0 1.797(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 348 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 360 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 372 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 600 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 612 R F1 (bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 384 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 624 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 396 S .352 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 636 S .352 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 408 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 648 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.374(function is e)184 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 432 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 444 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 456 R F1(bash)3.153 E +(the caller')184 672 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(complete_fullquote)144 684 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 468 R 1.524 +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 708 R 1.524 (If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 480 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -492 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 -F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 504 R 1.073 -(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E +(70)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 71 71 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .028 +(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 84 R .028(ariable references in w) +-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073 +(that dollar signs in v)184 96 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 516 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 108 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -528 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 540 Q +120 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 132 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 552 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 144 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -576 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +168 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 588 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 600 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -600 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 612 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 624 Q F0(If set,)184 624 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 204 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 216 Q F0(If set,)184 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 (nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 636 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 636 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) +144 228 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 228 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) -.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 648 Q +(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 660 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 672 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 684 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 696 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 708 Q -(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(70)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 71 71 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(1.)184 84 Q F0(The)220 84 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the) -4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 -(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 96 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 108 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -108 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 120 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 132 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 132 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 252 Q F0 +.716(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 276 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 288 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 300 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.22(identical to the)184 312 R F1<adad646562>2.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 +(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 324 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 336 Q F0(The)220 336 Q F1<ad46>4.251 +E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 348 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 360 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +360 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 372 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 384 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 384 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 144 S .488 +(exe)220 396 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 156 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 408 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 168 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 168 S -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 180 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 192 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 192 R -(shells in)220 204 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 -(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 420 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 420 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 432 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R +(shells in)220 456 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 216 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 216 R(in)220 228 Q --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command) +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 468 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 468 R(in)220 480 Q +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 240 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 240 R .4 +(extglob)144 492 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 492 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 252 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 264 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 276 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 288 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 300 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 300 R 1.425 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 504 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 516 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 528 R +F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 +E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) +-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 540 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 552 Q F0 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 552 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 312 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 324 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 336 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 576 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 588 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 348 R .32 +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 600 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 360 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. See)184 612 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 -F(enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 384 Q F0 -2.518(If set, range e)184 396 R 2.519 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) +184 624 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 636 Q F0 2.518 +(If set, range e)184 648 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 408 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 660 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 420 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 672 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 432 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 684 R F1(A) 3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 444 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 456 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 456 R F1(**)3.018 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 696 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 708 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 708 R F1(**)3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 468 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 720 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -480 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 492 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 504 Q F1(histappend)144 -516 Q F0 .676 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(71)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(and subdirectories match.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 +96 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU er\ +ror message format.)184 108 Q F1(histappend)144 120 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -528 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 540 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 552 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 576 Q F1(histv)144 588 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +132 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 144 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 156 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18(re) +3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 180 Q F1(histv)144 192 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 612 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 216 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 624 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 228 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 636 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 648 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +(hostcomplete)144 240 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -660 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +264 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 684 Q F0(If set,) -184 696 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 288 Q F0(If set,) +184 300 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(71) -190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(inherit_err)144 84 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 96 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 312 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 324 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 108 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 120 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 132 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 336 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 348 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 360 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 144 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo) -3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F -(enabled by def)184 156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 168 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 372 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 384 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 396 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 396 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 180 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 192 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 192 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 408 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 420 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 420 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 204 Q +(with embedded ne)184 432 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 216 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 444 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -228 R F3(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 240 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 252 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -264 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +456 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 468 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 480 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +492 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 276 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F2(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 288 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +-.1(wa)184 504 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 516 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 (is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F3 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 312 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 324 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 336 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 540 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 552 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 348 S +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 576 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 360 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -372 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 588 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +600 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 396 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 408 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 420 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +(wo)184 624 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 636 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 648 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 660 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) 3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 444 S +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 672 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -456 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -468 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 +684 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +696 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 480 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 492 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 504 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 516 -S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 540 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(are enabled.)184 708 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(72)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) +144 132 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 552 R F3 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 564 Q 2.86 +184 144 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 156 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 576 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 168 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 588 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 600 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 180 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 192 R F1 (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 612 Q F1(sour) -144 624 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 636 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 204 Q F1(sour) +144 216 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 228 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 648 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 660 Q F0(If set, the)184 672 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +184 240 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 252 Q F0(If set, the)184 264 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 700.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 280.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 292.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F3(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 712.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 304.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 724.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 316.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(72)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(test)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -96 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 96 R .878 +E F1(test)108 333.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 345.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 345.6 R .878 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S -(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 357.6 +S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 120 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F -(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q -(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785 +(primaries described abo)144 369.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 381.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 399.6 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(dence. The)144 411.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) --.1 E F1(\()144 198 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 -(Returns the v)180 198 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 -5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 210 Q F2 -.2(ex) -144 222 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 234 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 246 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 258 S -(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 274.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(used when there are \214v)144 423.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 435.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 447.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 447.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 459.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 471.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 483.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 495.6 S +(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +507.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 524.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 292.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 304.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 316.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 328.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 542.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 554.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 566.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 578.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 352.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 602.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 614.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .552 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 626.4 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 388.8 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 638.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 400.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 412.8 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 650.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 662.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 424.8 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\ +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 674.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 686.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 448.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 +(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 698.4 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 460.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +(three ar)180 710.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 -472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 +722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) -3.021 F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 -E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +3.021 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)180 84 Q .485 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 496.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 -508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R -.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 532.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 556.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 568.8 R 1.635 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 598.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 615.6 Q F0 +(wise, the e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 108 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 120 R .384 +(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) +-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e) +-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 +132 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 144 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 156 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 168 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 198 Q F1(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 214.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 615.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 -627.6 Q F1(trap)108 644.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) -144 656.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G -(f)-5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 -(absent \(and there is a single)144 668.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 -(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)144 214.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +226.8 Q F1(trap)108 243.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 255.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 680.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +.658(\(the v)144 279.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) -.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 692.4 Q F0 .581 +144.34 291.6 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 (is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 704.4 R +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 303.6 R F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 716.4 R F1<ad70>3.36 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 315.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 -(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 4.326 -(signal. The)144 728.4 R F1<ad6c>4.326 E F0 1.826(option causes the she\ -ll to print a list of signal names and their corresponding)4.326 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(73)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.126 -(numbers. Each)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.466 E F0 .625 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.436 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .625 -(>, or a signal number)B 5.625(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-5.625 E -(names are case insensiti)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a) -144 114 R F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 126 Q(UG) --.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar) -3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 +(signal. The)144 327.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 339.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 351.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648 +(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 +1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 +381.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F +F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 +(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 393.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e) +2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 150 R F2 .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 405.6 R F3 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb) -2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 162 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E -F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 -F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E -F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 -174 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 429.6 Q F2(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F2(ERR) -3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 -(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 -(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single s\ -imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) -144 216 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 228 R -.451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 459.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F3(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 471.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +483.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.888 -E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 495.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 507.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 276 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 519.6 R +1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) +-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 531.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -294 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 306 R .662 +549.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 561.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 318 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 -334.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 346.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 573.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 602.4 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) 3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F4<ad74>144 358.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F4(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 370.8 Q F0 .086 +F1<ad74>144 614.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 626.4 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 382.8 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 638.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 394.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 650.4 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F4<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F2 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +144 662.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 674.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 (ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F4<ad70>2.613 E -F0(and)144 430.8 Q F4<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E +F0(and)144 686.4 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) --.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4 -<ad61>144 442.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1 +<ad61>144 698.4 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E -.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 454.8 R F4 +1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E +.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 710.4 R F1 <ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 466.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 478.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) -5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +144 722.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 75 75 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .326(with the)144 +84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E +F1(type)5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -519.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 96 Q F1(ulimit)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 124.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.944(that allo)144 136.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F4<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 160.8 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -567.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +172.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 184.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 591.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 603.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 208.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 615.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 -<ad61>144 627.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 627.6 Q F4 -<ad62>144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 639.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 651.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 651.6 Q F4<ad64>144 663.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 663.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 675.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 675.6 Q F4<ad66>144 -687.6 Q F0 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 220.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 +<ad61>144 232.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 232.8 Q F1 +<ad62>144 244.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 244.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 256.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 256.8 Q F1<ad64>144 268.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 268.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 280.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 280.8 Q F1<ad66>144 +292.8 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -687.6 Q F4<ad69>144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -699.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 711.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 711.6 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 February 8)141.79 E(74)190.95 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 75 75 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 84 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 96 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F0 .791(The \ -maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180 -108 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F(be set\)) -180 120 Q F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 132 Q F1 -<ad71>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 144 Q F1<ad72>144 156 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 156 Q F1<ad73>144 168 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 168 Q F1<ad74>144 180 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 180 Q F1<ad75>144 192 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 192 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 204 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 216 -Q F1<ad78>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 228 Q F1 -<ad50>144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 240 Q F1 -<ad54>144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 252 Q(If)144 268.8 -Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468 -(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F -2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 -E .045(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 -<ad66>2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +292.8 Q F1<ad69>144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +304.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 316.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 316.8 Q F1 +<ad6c>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 328.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 340.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 340.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 352.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 364.8 Q F1<ad70>144 376.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 376.8 Q F1 +<ad71>144 388.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 388.8 Q F1 +<ad72>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 400.8 +Q F1<ad73>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 412.8 Q F1<ad74>144 +424.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 424.8 Q F1 +<ad75>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 436.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 448.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 448.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +460.8 Q F1<ad78>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +472.8 Q F1<ad50>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +484.8 Q F1<ad54>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 496.8 Q +(If)144 513.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 <ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -292.8 R F1<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +537.6 R F1<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 <ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 <ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.439 +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 549.6 R 1.439 (alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R +-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -328.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +573.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 357.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 602.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 369.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -381.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 614.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +626.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 393.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .552 +(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .552 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 434.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 446.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 475.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 -3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.55 -(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1 -<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 -2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(75)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 76 76 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 +96 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo) +-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 +1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name) +144.36 108 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551 +(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F +4.642(unset. If)144 120 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each) +4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F +(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. 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