bpo-36443, bpo-36202: Since Python 3.7.0, calling Py_DecodeLocale()
before Py_Initialize() produces mojibake if the LC_CTYPE locale is
coerced and/or if the UTF-8 Mode is enabled by the user
configuration. This change fix the issue by disabling LC_CTYPE
coercion and UTF-8 Mode by default. They must now be enabled
explicitly (opt-in) using the new _Py_PreInitialize() API with
_PyPreConfig.

When embedding Python, set coerce_c_locale and utf8_mode attributes
of _PyPreConfig to -1 to enable automatically these parameters
depending on the LC_CTYPE locale, environment variables and command
line arguments

Alternative: Setting Py_UTF8Mode to 1 always explicitly enables the
UTF-8 Mode.

Changes:

* _PyPreConfig_INIT now sets coerce_c_locale and utf8_mode to 0 by
  default.
* _Py_InitializeFromArgs() and _Py_InitializeFromWideArgs() can now
  be called with config=NULL.

* Add _PyCoreConfig._init_main: if equals to zero,
  _Py_InitializeFromConfig() doesn't call
  _Py_InitializeMainInterpreter().
* Add interp_p parameter to _Py_InitializeFromConfig().
* pymain_init() now calls _Py_InitializeFromConfig().
* Make _Py_InitializeCore() private.

Add test_preinit_isolated1() and test_preinit_isolated2() test_embed.

* _PyCoreConfig_Write() now updates _PyRuntime.preconfig
* Remove _PyPreCmdline_Copy()
* _PyPreCmdline_Read() now accepts _PyPreConfig and _PyCoreConfig
  optional configurations.
* Rename _PyPreConfig_ReadFromArgv() to _PyPreConfig_Read(). Simplify
  the code.
* Calling _PyCoreConfig_Read() no longer adds the warning options
  twice: don't add a warning option if it's already in the list.
* Rename _PyCoreConfig_ReadFromArgv() to _PyCoreConfig_Read().
* Rename config_from_cmdline() to _PyCoreConfig_ReadFromArgv().
* Add more assertions on _PyCoreConfig in _PyCoreConfig_Read().
* Move some functions.
* Make some config functions private.

* Replace _PyCoreConfig.preconfig with 3 new fields in _PyCoreConfig:
  isolated, use_environment, dev_mode.
* Add _PyPreCmdline.dev_mode.
* Add _Py_PreInitializeFromPreConfigInPlace().

* Add _Py_GetConfigsAsDict() function to get all configurations as a
  dict.
* dump_config() of _testembed.c now dumps preconfig as a separated
  key: call _Py_GetConfigsAsDict().
* Make _PyMainInterpreterConfig_AsDict() private.

Replace messy _Py_wstrlist_xxx() functions with a new clean
_PyWstrList structure and new _PyWstrList_xxx() functions.

Changes:

* Add _PyCoreConfig.use_module_search_paths to decide if
  _PyCoreConfig.module_search_paths should be computed or not, to
  support empty search path list.
* _PyWstrList_Clear() sets length to 0 and items to NULL, whereas
  _Py_wstrlist_clear() only freed memory.
* _PyWstrList_Append() returns an int, whereas _Py_wstrlist_append()
  returned _PyInitError.
* _PyWstrList uses Py_ssize_t for the length, instead of int.
* Replace (int, wchar_t**) with _PyWstrList in:

  * _PyPreConfig
  * _PyCoreConfig
  * _PyPreCmdline
  * _PyCmdline

* Replace "int orig_argv; wchar_t **orig_argv;"
  with "_PyWstrList orig_argv".
* _PyCmdline and _PyPreCmdline now also copy wchar_argv.
* Rename _PyArgv_Decode() to _PyArgv_AsWstrList().
* PySys_SetArgvEx() now pass the fixed (argc, argv) to
  _PyPathConfig_ComputeArgv0() (don't pass negative argc or NULL
  argv).
* _PyOS_GetOpt() uses Py_ssize_t

bpo-34247, bpo-36142: The PYTHONMALLOC environment variable has the
priority over PYTHONDEV env var and "-X dev" command line option.
For example, PYTHONMALLOC=malloc PYTHONDEVMODE=1 sets the memory
allocators to "malloc" (and not to "debug").

Add an unit test.

The development mode now uses the effective name of the debug memory
allocator ("pymalloc_debug" or "malloc_debug"). So the name doesn't
change after setting the memory allocator.