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Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst | 244 |
1 files changed, 126 insertions, 118 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst b/Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst index b527163bf0..14f32e732c 100644 --- a/Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst +++ b/Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst @@ -34,216 +34,224 @@ to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like this:: .. class:: HTTPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) - This class builds on the :class:`TCPServer` class by storing the server address - as instance variables named :attr:`server_name` and :attr:`server_port`. The - server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler's - :attr:`server` instance variable. + This class builds on the :class:`TCPServer` class by storing the server + address as instance variables named :attr:`server_name` and + :attr:`server_port`. The server is accessible by the handler, typically + through the handler's :attr:`server` instance variable. .. class:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler(request, client_address, server) This class is used to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By - itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed to - handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST). :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` - provides a number of class and instance variables, and methods for use by - subclasses. + itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed + to handle each request method (e.g. GET or + POST). :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` provides a number of class and + instance variables, and methods for use by subclasses. - The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method specific - to the request type. The method name is constructed from the request. For - example, for the request method ``SPAM``, the :meth:`do_SPAM` method will be - called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is stored in instance - variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to override or extend the - :meth:`__init__` method. + The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method + specific to the request type. The method name is constructed from the + request. For example, for the request method ``SPAM``, the :meth:`do_SPAM` + method will be called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is + stored in instance variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to + override or extend the :meth:`__init__` method. -:class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables: + :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables: -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.client_address + .. attribute:: client_address - Contains a tuple of the form ``(host, port)`` referring to the client's address. + Contains a tuple of the form ``(host, port)`` referring to the client's + address. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.command + .. attribute:: command - Contains the command (request type). For example, ``'GET'``. + Contains the command (request type). For example, ``'GET'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.path + .. attribute:: path - Contains the request path. + Contains the request path. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.request_version + .. attribute:: request_version - Contains the version string from the request. For example, ``'HTTP/1.0'``. + Contains the version string from the request. For example, ``'HTTP/1.0'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.headers + .. attribute:: headers - Holds an instance of the class specified by the :attr:`MessageClass` class - variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP request. + Holds an instance of the class specified by the :attr:`MessageClass` class + variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP + request. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.rfile + .. attribute:: rfile - Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input data. + Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input + data. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.wfile + .. attribute:: wfile - Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the client. Proper - adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to this stream. + Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the + client. Proper adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to + this stream. -:class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables: + :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables: -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.server_version - Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The - format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of the - form name[/version]. For example, ``'BaseHTTP/0.2'``. + .. attribute:: server_version + Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The + format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of + the form name[/version]. For example, ``'BaseHTTP/0.2'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.sys_version - Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the - :attr:`version_string` method and the :attr:`server_version` class variable. For - example, ``'Python/1.4'``. + .. attribute:: sys_version + Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the + :attr:`version_string` method and the :attr:`server_version` class + variable. For example, ``'Python/1.4'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.error_message_format - Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It uses - parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be a - dictionary. The *code* key should be an integer, specifying the numeric HTTP - error code value. *message* should be a string containing a (detailed) error - message of what occurred, and *explain* should be an explanation of the error - code number. Default *message* and *explain* values can found in the *responses* - class variable. + .. attribute:: error_message_format + Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It + uses parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be + a dictionary. The *code* key should be an integer, specifying the numeric + HTTP error code value. *message* should be a string containing a + (detailed) error message of what occurred, and *explain* should be an + explanation of the error code number. Default *message* and *explain* + values can found in the *responses* class variable. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.error_content_type - Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the client. - The default value is ``'text/html'``. + .. attribute:: error_content_type + Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the + client. The default value is ``'text/html'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.protocol_version - This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to - ``'HTTP/1.1'``, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections; however, - your server *must* then include an accurate ``Content-Length`` header (using - :meth:`send_header`) in all of its responses to clients. For backwards - compatibility, the setting defaults to ``'HTTP/1.0'``. + .. attribute:: protocol_version + This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to + ``'HTTP/1.1'``, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections; + however, your server *must* then include an accurate ``Content-Length`` + header (using :meth:`send_header`) in all of its responses to clients. + For backwards compatibility, the setting defaults to ``'HTTP/1.0'``. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.MessageClass - .. index:: single: Message (in module mimetools) + .. attribute:: MessageClass - Specifies a :class:`rfc822.Message`\ -like class to parse HTTP headers. - Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to - :class:`mimetools.Message`. + .. index:: single: Message (in module mimetools) + Specifies a :class:`rfc822.Message`\ -like class to parse HTTP headers. + Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to + :class:`mimetools.Message`. -.. attribute:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses - This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples - containing a short and long message. For example, ``{code: (shortmessage, - longmessage)}``. The *shortmessage* is usually used as the *message* key in an - error response, and *longmessage* as the *explain* key (see the - :attr:`error_message_format` class variable). + .. attribute:: responses -A :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods: + This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples + containing a short and long message. For example, ``{code: (shortmessage, + longmessage)}``. The *shortmessage* is usually used as the *message* key in an + error response, and *longmessage* as the *explain* key (see the + :attr:`error_message_format` class variable). -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle() + A :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods: - Calls :meth:`handle_one_request` once (or, if persistent connections are - enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should never need - to override it; instead, implement appropriate :meth:`do_\*` methods. + .. method:: handle() -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle_one_request() + Calls :meth:`handle_one_request` once (or, if persistent connections are + enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should + never need to override it; instead, implement appropriate :meth:`do_\*` + methods. - This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate :meth:`do_\*` - method. You should never need to override it. + .. method:: handle_one_request() -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error(code[, message]) + This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate + :meth:`do_\*` method. You should never need to override it. - Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric *code* - specifies the HTTP error code, with *message* as optional, more specific text. A - complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the - :attr:`error_message_format` class variable. + .. method:: send_error(code[, message]) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_response(code[, message]) + Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric *code* + specifies the HTTP error code, with *message* as optional, more specific text. A + complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the + :attr:`error_message_format` class variable. - Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response line is - sent, followed by *Server* and *Date* headers. The values for these two headers - are picked up from the :meth:`version_string` and :meth:`date_time_string` - methods, respectively. + .. method:: send_response(code[, message]) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_header(keyword, value) + Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response + line is sent, followed by *Server* and *Date* headers. The values for + these two headers are picked up from the :meth:`version_string` and + :meth:`date_time_string` methods, respectively. - Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. *keyword* should specify the - header keyword, with *value* specifying its value. + .. method:: send_header(keyword, value) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.end_headers() + Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. *keyword* should + specify the header keyword, with *value* specifying its value. - Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the response. + .. method:: end_headers() -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_request([code[, size]]) + Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the + response. - Logs an accepted (successful) request. *code* should specify the numeric HTTP - code associated with the response. If a size of the response is available, then - it should be passed as the *size* parameter. + .. method:: log_request([code[, size]]) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_error(...) + Logs an accepted (successful) request. *code* should specify the numeric + HTTP code associated with the response. If a size of the response is + available, then it should be passed as the *size* parameter. - Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes the - message to :meth:`log_message`, so it takes the same arguments (*format* and - additional values). + .. method:: log_error(...) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_message(format, ...) + Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes + the message to :meth:`log_message`, so it takes the same arguments + (*format* and additional values). - Logs an arbitrary message to ``sys.stderr``. This is typically overridden to - create custom error logging mechanisms. The *format* argument is a standard - printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to - :meth:`log_message` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client address - and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged. + .. method:: log_message(format, ...) -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.version_string() + Logs an arbitrary message to ``sys.stderr``. This is typically overridden + to create custom error logging mechanisms. The *format* argument is a + standard printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to + :meth:`log_message` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client + address and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged. - Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination of the - :attr:`server_version` and :attr:`sys_version` class variables. + .. method:: version_string() -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.date_time_string([timestamp]) + Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination of the + :attr:`server_version` and :attr:`sys_version` class variables. - Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be in the format - returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If *timestamp* - is omitted, it uses the current date and time. - The result looks like ``'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'``. + .. method:: date_time_string([timestamp]) + Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be in the + format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If + *timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time. -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_date_time_string() + The result looks like ``'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'``. - Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging. + .. method:: log_date_time_string() -.. method:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler.address_string() + Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging. - Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is performed on - the client's IP address. + + .. method:: address_string() + + Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is + performed on the client's IP address. .. seealso:: |