The initial commit doesn't have a parent, so explicitly pass the blank
SHA and handle that when calculating the position.

Fix notification_service argument error of declined invitation emails

## What does this MR do?

Remove unused arguments that raised the argument error after a refactor, more details in the commit message.

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

## Why was this MR needed?

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #21039

## Screenshots (if relevant)

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- ~~[ ] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)~~
- ~~[ ] API support added~~
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [x] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [x] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)


See merge request !5893

Removing unused access_level parameter.

Bug introduced here -> 6d103a2f4764441b1650ba6d790732056c9a8516
access_level parameter wasn’t needed since -> 88c2639356e6e4b4b05d96584768e07a9ce4b048

Fix same tiny grammar mistake as in ee

This is a tiny grammar fix that was already merged into EE

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/667#note_14043471

See merge request !5865

Diff line comments resolve

## What does this MR do?

Diff line comments can be resolved.

Part of #10325 

To do:

- [x] Backend (@DouweM)
  - [x] Fix https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5022#note_13319326. Will be made easier by https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/17237#note_13370331
  - [x] System note when all discussions are resolved
  - [x] Notification when all discussions are resolved
  - [x] Write unit tests
  - [x] Look at resolve time https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5022#note_13912743 - Fixed by 4a13aa9
- [x] Frontend (@iamphill)
  - [x] Fix bugs
  - [x] Write more feature tests 
- [x] Frontend (@connorshea)
  - [x] Address frontend feedback
  - [x] Feature specs for Jump feature
  - [x] Documentation
  - [x] Add Vue.js in a standard way

See merge request !5022

Update doorkeeper to 4.2.0

Changelog: https://git.io/v6PnV

See merge request !5881

2FA checks for Git over HTTP

## What does this MR do?

This MR allows the use of `PersonalAccessTokens` to access Git over HTTP and makes that the only allowed method if the user has 2FA enabled. If a user with 2FA enabled tries to access Git over HTTP using his username and password the request will be denied and the user will be presented with the following message:

```
remote: HTTP Basic: Access denied
remote: You have 2FA enabled, please use a personal access token for Git over HTTP.
remote: You can generate one at http://localhost:3000/profile/personal_access_tokens
fatal: Authentication failed for 'http://localhost:3000/documentcloud/underscore.git/'
```

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

Fixes #13568 

See merge request !5764