Fix emoji aliases not showing in autocomplete

closes #14948 

See merge request !3595

Pre-calculate Emoji digests

cc @dzaporozhets @rspeicher 

@marin Do you happen to know if we allow users to configure asset hosts anywhere in Omnibus and such? I've not been able to find any reference to "asset_host" so it seems we don't allow this (which is a good thing as this simplifies the code).

See merge request !3458

By pre-calculating the digests we can manually construct the emoji URLs,
removing the need for using Rails' asset URL helpers. The reason we
don't want to use these helpers for Emojis is two-fold:

1. Rails' image_url() method is slow, really slow. For one it _might_
   have to calculate digests but it also performs a lot of other
   intensive operations (judging by the source code and based on
   measuring timings).

2. We have a lot of Emoji which coupled with the above can result in it
   taking minutes to load Emoji autocomplete data.

Using this pre-calculation setup generating the digests takes around 7
seconds (including the time it takes to start Rails/Rake), and only
around 600 milliseconds to load _all_ the autocomplete data of a project
(measured locally).

This commit _does_ change the Emoji URLs from absolute to relative URLs
as these are much easier to generate.

To update the Emoji data simply run:

    rake gemojione:digests

Then commit any changes.

Fixes gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#14009

A few things to note:
- The IncomingEmail feature is now enabled even without a
  correctly-formatted sub-address
- Message-ID for new thread mail are kept the same so that subsequent
  notifications to this thread are grouped in the thread by the email
  service that receives the notification
  (i.e. In-Reply-To of the answer == Message-ID of the first thread message)
- To maximize our chance to be able to retrieve the reply key, we look
  for it in the In-Reply-To header and the References header
- The pattern for the fallback reply message id is "reply-[key]@[gitlab_host]"
- Improve docs thanks to Axil

Updated Emoji Rake task to conform to style guide.

Discussed in #14299.

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