encoding/json: Use a lookup table for safe characters

The previous check for characters inside of a JSON string that needed
to be escaped performed seven different boolean comparisons before
determining that a ASCII character did not need to be escaped. Most
characters do not need to be escaped, so this check can be done in a
more performant way.

Use the same strategy as the unicode package for precomputing a range
of characters that need to be escaped, then do a single lookup into a
character array to determine whether the character needs escaping.

On an AWS c4.large node:

$ benchstat benchmarks/master-bench benchmarks/json-table-bench
name                   old time/op    new time/op     delta
CodeEncoder-2            19.0ms ± 0%     15.5ms ± 1%  -18.16%        (p=0.000 n=19+20)
CodeMarshal-2            20.1ms ± 1%     16.8ms ± 2%  -16.35%        (p=0.000 n=20+21)
CodeDecoder-2            49.3ms ± 1%     49.5ms ± 2%     ~           (p=0.498 n=16+20)
DecoderStream-2           416ns ± 0%      416ns ± 1%     ~           (p=0.978 n=19+19)
CodeUnmarshal-2          51.0ms ± 1%     50.9ms ± 1%     ~           (p=0.490 n=19+17)
CodeUnmarshalReuse-2     48.5ms ± 2%     48.5ms ± 2%     ~           (p=0.989 n=20+19)
UnmarshalString-2         541ns ± 1%      532ns ± 1%   -1.75%        (p=0.000 n=20+21)
UnmarshalFloat64-2        485ns ± 1%      481ns ± 1%   -0.92%        (p=0.000 n=20+21)
UnmarshalInt64-2          429ns ± 1%      427ns ± 1%   -0.49%        (p=0.000 n=19+20)
Issue10335-2              631ns ± 1%      619ns ± 1%   -1.84%        (p=0.000 n=20+20)
NumberIsValid-2          19.1ns ± 0%     19.1ns ± 0%     ~     (all samples are equal)
NumberIsValidRegexp-2     689ns ± 1%      690ns ± 0%     ~           (p=0.150 n=20+20)
SkipValue-2              14.0ms ± 0%     14.0ms ± 0%   -0.05%        (p=0.000 n=18+18)
EncoderEncode-2           525ns ± 2%      512ns ± 1%   -2.33%        (p=0.000 n=20+18)

name                   old speed      new speed       delta
CodeEncoder-2           102MB/s ± 0%    125MB/s ± 1%  +22.20%        (p=0.000 n=19+20)
CodeMarshal-2          96.6MB/s ± 1%  115.6MB/s ± 2%  +19.56%        (p=0.000 n=20+21)
CodeDecoder-2          39.3MB/s ± 1%   39.2MB/s ± 2%     ~           (p=0.464 n=16+20)
CodeUnmarshal-2        38.1MB/s ± 1%   38.1MB/s ± 1%     ~           (p=0.525 n=19+17)
SkipValue-2             143MB/s ± 0%    143MB/s ± 0%   +0.05%        (p=0.000 n=18+18)

I also took the data set reported in #5683 (browser
telemetry data from Mozilla), added named structs for
the data set, and turned it into a proper benchmark:
https://github.com/kevinburke/jsonbench/blob/master/go/bench_test.go

The results from that test are similarly encouraging. On a 64-bit
Mac:

$ benchstat benchmarks/master-benchmark benchmarks/json-table-benchmark
name              old time/op    new time/op    delta
CodeMarshal-4       1.19ms ± 2%    1.08ms ± 2%   -9.33%  (p=0.000 n=21+17)
Unmarshal-4         3.09ms ± 3%    3.06ms ± 1%   -0.83%  (p=0.027 n=22+17)
UnmarshalReuse-4    3.04ms ± 1%    3.04ms ± 1%     ~     (p=0.169 n=20+15)

name              old speed      new speed      delta
CodeMarshal-4     80.3MB/s ± 1%  88.5MB/s ± 1%  +10.29%  (p=0.000 n=21+17)
Unmarshal-4       31.0MB/s ± 2%  31.2MB/s ± 1%   +0.83%  (p=0.025 n=22+17)

On the c4.large:

$ benchstat benchmarks/master-bench benchmarks/json-table-bench
name              old time/op    new time/op    delta
CodeMarshal-2       1.10ms ± 1%    0.98ms ± 1%  -10.12%  (p=0.000 n=20+54)
Unmarshal-2         2.82ms ± 1%    2.79ms ± 0%   -1.09%  (p=0.000 n=20+51)
UnmarshalReuse-2    2.80ms ± 0%    2.77ms ± 0%   -1.03%  (p=0.000 n=20+52)

name              old speed      new speed      delta
CodeMarshal-2     87.3MB/s ± 1%  97.1MB/s ± 1%  +11.27%  (p=0.000 n=20+54)
Unmarshal-2       33.9MB/s ± 1%  34.2MB/s ± 0%   +1.10%  (p=0.000 n=20+51)

For what it's worth, I tried other heuristics - short circuiting the
conditional for common ASCII characters, for example:

if (b >= 63 && b != 92) || (b >= 39 && b <= 59) || (rest of the conditional)

This offered a speedup around 7-9%, not as large as the submitted
change.

Change-Id: Idcf88f7b93bfcd1164cdd6a585160b7e407a0d9b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/24466
Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>

1 files changed, 218 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/encoding/json/tables.go b/src/encoding/json/tables.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10acdc18c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/encoding/json/tables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package json
+
+import "unicode/utf8"
+
+// safeSet holds the value true if the ASCII character with the given array
+// position can be represented inside a JSON string without any further
+// escaping.
+//
+// All values are true except for the ASCII control characters (0-31), the
+// double quote ("), and the backslash character ("\").
+var safeSet = [utf8.RuneSelf]bool{
+	' ':      true,
+	'!':      true,
+	'"':      false,
+	'#':      true,
+	'$':      true,
+	'%':      true,
+	'&':      true,
+	'\'':     true,
+	'(':      true,
+	')':      true,
+	'*':      true,
+	'+':      true,
+	',':      true,
+	'-':      true,
+	'.':      true,
+	'/':      true,
+	'0':      true,
+	'1':      true,
+	'2':      true,
+	'3':      true,
+	'4':      true,
+	'5':      true,
+	'6':      true,
+	'7':      true,
+	'8':      true,
+	'9':      true,
+	':':      true,
+	';':      true,
+	'<':      true,
+	'=':      true,
+	'>':      true,
+	'?':      true,
+	'@':      true,
+	'A':      true,
+	'B':      true,
+	'C':      true,
+	'D':      true,
+	'E':      true,
+	'F':      true,
+	'G':      true,
+	'H':      true,
+	'I':      true,
+	'J':      true,
+	'K':      true,
+	'L':      true,
+	'M':      true,
+	'N':      true,
+	'O':      true,
+	'P':      true,
+	'Q':      true,
+	'R':      true,
+	'S':      true,
+	'T':      true,
+	'U':      true,
+	'V':      true,
+	'W':      true,
+	'X':      true,
+	'Y':      true,
+	'Z':      true,
+	'[':      true,
+	'\\':     false,
+	']':      true,
+	'^':      true,
+	'_':      true,
+	'`':      true,
+	'a':      true,
+	'b':      true,
+	'c':      true,
+	'd':      true,
+	'e':      true,
+	'f':      true,
+	'g':      true,
+	'h':      true,
+	'i':      true,
+	'j':      true,
+	'k':      true,
+	'l':      true,
+	'm':      true,
+	'n':      true,
+	'o':      true,
+	'p':      true,
+	'q':      true,
+	'r':      true,
+	's':      true,
+	't':      true,
+	'u':      true,
+	'v':      true,
+	'w':      true,
+	'x':      true,
+	'y':      true,
+	'z':      true,
+	'{':      true,
+	'|':      true,
+	'}':      true,
+	'~':      true,
+	'\u007f': true,
+}
+
+// htmlSafeSet holds the value true if the ASCII character with the given
+// array position can be safely represented inside a JSON string, embedded
+// inside of HTML <script> tags, without any additional escaping.
+//
+// All values are true except for the ASCII control characters (0-31), the
+// double quote ("), the backslash character ("\"), HTML opening and closing
+// tags ("<" and ">"), and the ampersand ("&").
+var htmlSafeSet = [utf8.RuneSelf]bool{
+	' ':      true,
+	'!':      true,
+	'"':      false,
+	'#':      true,
+	'$':      true,
+	'%':      true,
+	'&':      false,
+	'\'':     true,
+	'(':      true,
+	')':      true,
+	'*':      true,
+	'+':      true,
+	',':      true,
+	'-':      true,
+	'.':      true,
+	'/':      true,
+	'0':      true,
+	'1':      true,
+	'2':      true,
+	'3':      true,
+	'4':      true,
+	'5':      true,
+	'6':      true,
+	'7':      true,
+	'8':      true,
+	'9':      true,
+	':':      true,
+	';':      true,
+	'<':      false,
+	'=':      true,
+	'>':      false,
+	'?':      true,
+	'@':      true,
+	'A':      true,
+	'B':      true,
+	'C':      true,
+	'D':      true,
+	'E':      true,
+	'F':      true,
+	'G':      true,
+	'H':      true,
+	'I':      true,
+	'J':      true,
+	'K':      true,
+	'L':      true,
+	'M':      true,
+	'N':      true,
+	'O':      true,
+	'P':      true,
+	'Q':      true,
+	'R':      true,
+	'S':      true,
+	'T':      true,
+	'U':      true,
+	'V':      true,
+	'W':      true,
+	'X':      true,
+	'Y':      true,
+	'Z':      true,
+	'[':      true,
+	'\\':     false,
+	']':      true,
+	'^':      true,
+	'_':      true,
+	'`':      true,
+	'a':      true,
+	'b':      true,
+	'c':      true,
+	'd':      true,
+	'e':      true,
+	'f':      true,
+	'g':      true,
+	'h':      true,
+	'i':      true,
+	'j':      true,
+	'k':      true,
+	'l':      true,
+	'm':      true,
+	'n':      true,
+	'o':      true,
+	'p':      true,
+	'q':      true,
+	'r':      true,
+	's':      true,
+	't':      true,
+	'u':      true,
+	'v':      true,
+	'w':      true,
+	'x':      true,
+	'y':      true,
+	'z':      true,
+	'{':      true,
+	'|':      true,
+	'}':      true,
+	'~':      true,
+	'\u007f': true,
+}