On a case-insensitive filesystem, we need to deal with case-changing
renames (eg, foo -> FOO) by removing the old and adding the new,
exactly as if we were on a case-sensitive filesystem.

Update the `checkout::tree::can_cancel_checkout_from_notify` test, now
that notifications are always sent case sensitively.

On case insensitive filesystems, we may have files in the working
directory that case fold to a name we want to write.  Remove those
files (by default) so that we will not end up with a filename that
has the unexpected case.

Symbolic links that abuse case insensitivity to write into .git.

Don't bother trying to recreate the previously created directory
during checkout, for a modest reduction in the number of stats.

The documentation for `git_path_join_unrooted` states that the base
length will be returned, so that consumers like checkout know where
to start creating directories instead of always creating directories
at the directory root.

Checkout can now provide performance data about the number of (some)
syscalls performed using an optional callback.

This structure remains internal-only in maintenance branches.