Move back to Travis's VM infrastructure for efficiency.

Document that a commit is not a descendant of itself

Use SOCK_CLOEXEC when creating sockets

Static linking for bundled deps

The block in the script installs the packages if we're _not_ on Precise. This
was dropped in c17c3f8a ("travis: drop support for Ubuntu Precise") in error.

Our bundled deps are being built as simple static libraries which are
then linked into the libgit2 library via `TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES`. While
this works for a dynamically built libgit2 library, using this function
to link two static libraries does not have the expected outcome of
merging those static libraries into one big library. This leads to
symbols of our bundled deps being undefined in the resulting libgit2
archive.

As we have bumped our minimum CMake version to 2.8.11, we can now easily
make use of object libraries for our bundled dependencies. So build
instructions are still self-contained inside of the dependency
directories and the resulting object libraries can just be added to the
LIBGIT2_OBJECTS list, which will cause them to be linked into the final
resulting static library. This fixes the issue of undefined symbols.

There are two locations where we check whether CMake supports
`TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES`. While the first one uses `VERSION_LESS
2.8.12`, the second one uses `VERSION_GREATER 2.8.11`, which are
obviously equivalent to each other. It'd still be easier to grep for
specific CMake versions being required for some features if both used
the same conditional mentioning the actual target version required. So
this commit refactors these conditions to make them equal.

As we have bumped our minimum CMake version to 2.8.11, we can now
unconditionally make use of object libraries. So remove the version
check for the git2internal object library and always use it.