Back in the days when libgit2 was still young, libgit2 was using plain
Makefiles as build infrastructure. We later changed that to instead use
the CMake build system to make cross-platform development easier. In the
process, we forgot to remove the Makefile from our examples directory,
which is fixed by this commit here. Furthermore, remove the accompanying
.gitignore file, which ignores build outputs. As we do out-of-tree
builds only nowadays, no output is generated in that directory anymore.

This is quite close to running "git for-each-ref" except:

  1. It does not take any formatting or selection options at
     all.

  2. The output is not sorted.

I wrote it to look at debugging some issues with ref
iteration, but there's no reason it can't live on as an
example command.

Blame Canada

This reorganizes a few of the examples so that the main function
comes first with the argument parsing extracted into a helper
that can come at the end of the file (so the example focuses more
on the use of libgit2 instead of command line support).  This also
creates a shared examples/common.[ch] so that useful helper funcs
can be shared across examples instead of repeated.