Functions that free a structure's contents but not the structure
itself shall be named `dispose` in the libgit2 project, but the
function `git_cache_free` does not follow this naming pattern.

Fix this by renaming it to `git_cache_dispose` and adjusting all
callers to make use of the new name.

Use the new object_type enumeration names within the codebase.

Next to including several files, our "common.h" header also declares
various macros which are then used throughout the project. As such, we
have to make sure to always include this file first in all
implementation files. Otherwise, we might encounter problems or even
silent behavioural differences due to macros or defines not being
defined as they should be. So in fact, our header and implementation
files should make sure to always include "common.h" first.

This commit does so by establishing a common include pattern. Header
files inside of "src" will now always include "common.h" as its first
other file, separated by a newline from all the other includes to make
it stand out as special. There are two cases for the implementation
files. If they do have a matching header file, they will always include
this one first, leading to "common.h" being transitively included as
first file. If they do not have a matching header file, they instead
include "common.h" as first file themselves.

This fixes the outlined problems and will become our standard practice
for header and source files inside of the "src/" from now on.

This significantly reduces contention when many threads are trying to
read from the cache simultaneously.