And decrease extra reload checks of config data.

Improve checks for ignore containment

Diff and status do not want core.safecrlf to actually raise an
error regardless of the setting, so this extends the filter API
with an additional options flags parameter and adds a flag so that
filters can be applied with GIT_FILTER_OPT_ALLOW_UNSAFE, indicating
that unsafe filter application should be downgraded from a failure
to a warning.

The diff code was using an "ignored_prefix" directory to track if
a parent directory was ignored that contained untracked files
alongside tracked files. Unfortunately, when negative ignore rules
were used for directories inside ignored parents, the wrong rules
were applied to untracked files inside the negatively ignored
child directories.

This commit moves the logic for ignore containment into the workdir
iterator (which is a better place for it), so the ignored-ness of
a directory is contained in the frame stack during traversal.  This
allows a child directory to override with a negative ignore and yet
still restore the ignored state of the parent when we traverse out
of the child.

Along with this, there are some problems with "directory only"
ignore rules on container directories.  Given "a/*" and "!a/b/c/"
(where the second rule is a directory rule but the first rule is
just a generic prefix rule), then the directory only constraint
was having "a/b/c/d/file" match the first rule and not the second.
This was fixed by having ignore directory-only rules test a rule
against the prefix of a file with LEADINGDIR enabled.

Lastly, spot checks for ignores using `git_ignore_path_is_ignored`
were tested from the top directory down to the bottom to deal with
the containment problem, but this is wrong. We have to test bottom
to top so that negative subdirectory rules will be checked before
parent ignore rules.

This does change the behavior of some existing tests, but it seems
only to bring us more in line with core Git, so I think those
changes are acceptable.

There were a couple of "init_opts()" functions a few more cases
of structure initialization that I somehow missed.

Use an unsigned int for the version and add a helper macro so the
code is simplified (and so the error message is a common string).

Since git_diff_init_options was introduced, remove this old fn.

This is a proposed adjustment to the trace APIs.  This makes the
trace levels into a bitmask so that they can be selectively enabled
and adds a callback-level payload, plus a message-level payload.

This makes it easier for me to a GIT_TRACE_PERF callbacks that
are simply bypassed if the PERF level is not set.

This adds an option to refresh the stat cache while generating
status.  It also rips out the GIT_PERF stuff I had an makes use
of the trace API to keep statistics about what happens during diff.