Allow `git_index_read` to handle reading existing indexes with
illegal entries.  Allow the low-level `git_index_add` to add
properly formed `git_index_entry`s even if they contain paths
that would be illegal for the current filesystem (eg, `AUX`).
Continue to disallow `git_index_add_bypath` from adding entries
that are illegal universally illegal (eg, `.git`, `foo/../bar`).

In `mkdir` and `mkdir_r`, ensure that we don't try to remove symlinks
that are in our way.

The canonical directory path of the root directory of a volume on
POSIX already ends in a slash (eg, `/`).  This is true only at the
root.  Do not add a slash to paths in this case.

The canonical directory path of the root directory of a volume on
windows already ends in a slash (eg, `c:/`).  This is true only
at the volume root.  Do not add a slash to paths in this case.

With Visual Studio versions 2008 and older they ignore the full path to files and only check
the basename of the file to find a collision. Additionally, having duplicate basenames can break
other build tools like GYP.

This fixes https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/issues/3356

Normalize submodule urls before looking at them

(fixes issue #3316)

Signed-off-by: Sven Strickroth <email@cs-ware.de>

Extract the backslash-to-slash conversion into a helper function.

When we don't own a buffer (asize=0) we currently allow the usage of
grow to copy the memory into a buffer we do own. This muddles the
meaning of grow, and lets us be a bit cavalier with ownership semantics.

Don't allow this any more. Usage of grow should be restricted to buffers
which we know own their own memory. If unsure, we must not attempt to
modify it.