Provide a mechanism for system components to register for initialization
and shutdown of the libgit2 runtime.

Move the settings global data teardown into its own separate function,
instead of intermingled with the global state.

There are some cases in which repositories accrue a large number of
packfiles. The existing mwindow limit applies only to the total size of
mmap'd files, not on their number. This leads to a situation in which
having lots of small packfiles could exhaust the allowed number of open
files, particularly on macOS, where the default ulimit is very low
(256).

This change adds a new configuration parameter
(GIT_OPT_SET_MWINDOW_FILE_LIMIT) that sets the maximum number of open
packfiles, with a default of 128. This is low enough so that even macOS
users should not hit it during normal use.

Based on PR #5386, originally written by @josharian.

Fixes: #2758

Stop returning a void for functions, future-proofing them to allow them
to fail.

Allow users to opt-in to expect/continue handling when sending a POST
and we're authenticated with a "connection-based" authentication
mechanism like NTLM or Negotiate.

If the response is a 100, return to the caller (to allow them to post
their body).  If the response is *not* a 100, buffer the response for
the caller.

HTTP expect/continue is generally safe, but some legacy servers
have not implemented it correctly.  Require it to be opt-in.

Move to the `git_error` name in the internal API for error-related
functions.

Use the new object_type enumeration names within the codebase.