When compiling libgit2 with -DDEPRECATE_HARD, we add a preprocessor
definition `GIT_DEPRECATE_HARD` which causes the "git2/deprecated.h"
header to be empty. As a result, no function declarations are made
available to callers, but the implementations are still available to
link against. This has the problem that function declarations also
aren't visible to the implementations, meaning that the symbol's
visibility will not be set up correctly. As a result, the resulting
library may not expose those deprecated symbols at all on some platforms
and thus cause linking errors.

Fix the issue by conditionally compiling deprecated functions, only.
While it becomes impossible to link against such a library in case one
uses deprecated functions, distributors of libgit2 aren't expected to
pass -DDEPRECATE_HARD anyway. Instead, users of libgit2 should manually
define GIT_DEPRECATE_HARD to hide deprecated functions. Using "real"
hard deprecation still makes sense in the context of CI to test we don't
use deprecated symbols ourselves and in case a dependant uses libgit2 in
a vendored way and knows it won't ever use any of the deprecated symbols
anyway.

libgit2 does not use `type_t` suffixes as it's redundant; thus, rename
`git_iterator_type_t` to `git_iterator_t` for consistency.

Our file utils functions all have a "futils" prefix, e.g.
`git_futils_touch`. One would thus naturally guess that their
definitions and implementation would live in files "futils.h" and
"futils.c", respectively, but in fact they live in "fileops.h".

Rename the files to match expectations.

The only function that is named `issomething` (without underscore) was
`git_oid_iszero`.  Rename it to `git_oid_is_zero` for consistency with
the rest of the library.

Upstream git.git has converted its codebase to use wildcard in
favor of fnmatch in commit 70a8fc999d (stop using fnmatch (either
native or compat), 2014-02-15). To keep our own regex-matching in
line with what git does, convert all trivial instances of
`fnmatch` usage to use `wildcard`, instead. Trivial usage is
defined to be use of `fnmatch` with either no flags or flags that
have a 1:1 equivalent in wildmatch (PATHNAME, IGNORECASE).

We're about to phase out our bundled fnmatch implementation as
git.git has moved to wildmatch long ago in 2014. To make it
easier to spot which files are stilll using fnmatch, remove the
implicit "fnmatch.h" include in "posix.h" and instead include it
explicitly.

In libgit2 nomenclature, when we need to verb a direct object, we name
a function `git_directobject_verb`.  Thus, if we need to init an options
structure named `git_foo_options`, then the name of the function that
does that should be `git_foo_options_init`.

The previous names of `git_foo_init_options` is close - it _sounds_ as
if it's initializing the options of a `foo`, but in fact
`git_foo_options` is its own noun that should be respected.

Deprecate the old names; they'll now call directly to the new ones.

Move to the `git_error` name in the internal API for error-related
functions.

Now that the index has a "dirty" state, where it has changes that have
not yet been committed or rolled back, our tests need to be adapted to
actually commit or rollback the changes instead of assuming that the
index can be operated on in its indeterminate state.