Include custom HTTP headers

These are small pieces of data, so there is no advantage to allocating
them separately. Include the two ids inline in the struct we use to
check that the expected and actual ids match.

Introduce `git__getenv` which is a UTF-8 aware `getenv` everywhere.
Make `cl_getenv` use this to keep consistent memory handling around
return values (free everywhere, as opposed to only some platforms).

We need to pass these options in order to have the credentials callback
set.

The base refspecs changing can be a cause of confusion as to what is the
current base refspec set and complicate saving the remote's
configuration.

Change `git_remote_add_{fetch,push}()` to update the configuration
instead of an instance.

This finally makes `git_remote_save()` a no-op, it will be removed in a
later commit.

Having the setting be different from calling its actions was not a great
idea and made for the sake of the wrong convenience.

Instead of that, accept either fetch options, push options or the
callbacks when dealing with the remote. The fetch options are currently
only the callbacks, but more options will be moved from setters and
getters on the remote to the options.

This does mean passing the same struct along the different functions but
the typical use-case will only call git_remote_fetch() or
git_remote_push() and so won't notice much difference.

We always use "update by push".

The signature for the reflog is not something which changes
dynamically. Almost all uses will be NULL, since we want for the
repository's default identity to be used, making it noise.

In order to allow for changing the identity, we instead provide
git_repository_set_ident() and git_repository_ident() which allow a user
to override the choice of signature.