While it is technically possible to look up submodules inside of a
bare repository by reading the submodule configuration of a specific
commit, we do not offer this functionality right now. As such, calling
both `git_submodule_lookup` and `git_submodule_foreach` should error out
early when these functions encounter a bare repository. While
`git_submodule_lookup` already does return an error due to not being
able to parse the configuration, `git_submodule_foreach` simply returns
success and never invokes the callback function.

Fix the issue by having both functions check whether the repository is
bare and returning an error in that case.