Merge pull request #1016 from arrbee/fix-checkout-dir-removal

Update checkout with new strategies & behavior

47 files changed, 1526 insertions, 653 deletions

diff --git a/examples/network/Makefile b/examples/network/Makefile
index 835be24cc..ef3cec659 100644
--- a/examples/network/Makefile
+++ b/examples/network/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ default: all
 
 CC = gcc
 CFLAGS += -g
-CFLAGS += -I../../include -L../../build -L../.. -lgit2 -lpthread
+CFLAGS += -I../../include
+LDFLAGS += -L../../build -L../.. -lgit2 -lpthread
 
 OBJECTS = \
   git2.o \
@@ -12,4 +13,4 @@ OBJECTS = \
   index-pack.o
 
 all: $(OBJECTS)
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o git2 $(OBJECTS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o git2 $(OBJECTS)
diff --git a/examples/network/clone.c b/examples/network/clone.c
index 791600171..30a4944c2 100644
--- a/examples/network/clone.c
+++ b/examples/network/clone.c
@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@ static void print_progress(const progress_data *pd)
 		? (100 * pd->completed_steps) / pd->total_steps
 		: 0.f;
 	int kbytes = pd->fetch_progress.received_bytes / 1024;
-	printf("net %3d%% (%4d kb, %5d/%5d)  /  idx %3d%% (%5d/%5d)  /  chk %3d%% (%4lu/%4lu) %s\n",
-			network_percent, kbytes,
-			pd->fetch_progress.received_objects, pd->fetch_progress.total_objects,
-			index_percent, pd->fetch_progress.indexed_objects, pd->fetch_progress.total_objects,
-			checkout_percent, pd->completed_steps, pd->total_steps,
-			pd->path);
+
+	printf("net %3d%% (%4d kb, %5d/%5d)  /  idx %3d%% (%5d/%5d)  /  chk %3d%% (%4" PRIuZ "/%4" PRIuZ ") %s\n",
+		   network_percent, kbytes,
+		   pd->fetch_progress.received_objects, pd->fetch_progress.total_objects,
+		   index_percent, pd->fetch_progress.indexed_objects, pd->fetch_progress.total_objects,
+		   checkout_percent,
+		   pd->completed_steps, pd->total_steps,
+		   pd->path);
 }
 
 static void fetch_progress(const git_transfer_progress *stats, void *payload)
@@ -47,13 +49,15 @@ static void checkout_progress(const char *path, size_t cur, size_t tot, void *pa
 
 int do_clone(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	progress_data pd = {0};
+	progress_data pd;
 	git_repository *cloned_repo = NULL;
-	git_checkout_opts checkout_opts = {0};
+	git_checkout_opts checkout_opts;
 	const char *url = argv[1];
 	const char *path = argv[2];
 	int error;
 
+	(void)repo; // unused
+
 	// Validate args
 	if (argc < 3) {
 		printf ("USAGE: %s <url> <path>\n", argv[0]);
@@ -61,8 +65,10 @@ int do_clone(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	// Set up options
-	checkout_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
+	memset(&checkout_opts, 0, sizeof(checkout_opts));
+	checkout_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE;
 	checkout_opts.progress_cb = checkout_progress;
+	memset(&pd, 0, sizeof(pd));
 	checkout_opts.progress_payload = &pd;
 
 	// Do the clone
diff --git a/examples/network/common.h b/examples/network/common.h
index c82eaa1c8..a4cfa1a7e 100644
--- a/examples/network/common.h
+++ b/examples/network/common.h
@@ -12,4 +12,13 @@ int fetch(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv);
 int index_pack(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv);
 int do_clone(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv);
 
+#ifndef PRIuZ
+/* Define the printf format specifer to use for size_t output */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#	define PRIuZ "Iu"
+#else
+#	define PRIuZ "zu"
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #endif /* __COMMON_H__ */
diff --git a/examples/network/fetch.c b/examples/network/fetch.c
index 496498e8c..9d1404ab4 100644
--- a/examples/network/fetch.c
+++ b/examples/network/fetch.c
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ int fetch(git_repository *repo, int argc, char **argv)
 		usleep(10000);
 
 		if (stats->total_objects > 0)
-			printf("Received %d/%d objects (%d) in %d bytes\r",
+			printf("Received %d/%d objects (%d) in %" PRIuZ " bytes\r",
 			       stats->received_objects, stats->total_objects,
-					 stats->indexed_objects, stats->received_bytes);
+				   stats->indexed_objects, stats->received_bytes);
 	} while (!data.finished);
 
 	if (data.ret < 0)
diff --git a/include/git2/checkout.h b/include/git2/checkout.h
index 390d2f215..d444450f3 100644
--- a/include/git2/checkout.h
+++ b/include/git2/checkout.h
@@ -25,20 +25,121 @@ GIT_BEGIN_DECL
  * Checkout behavior flags
  *
  * These flags control what checkout does with files.  Pass in a
- * combination of these values OR'ed together.
+ * combination of these values OR'ed together.  If you just pass zero
+ * (i.e. no flags), then you are effectively doing a "dry run" where no
+ * files will be modified.
+ *
+ * Checkout groups the working directory content into 3 classes of files:
+ * (1) files that don't need a change, and files that do need a change
+ * that either (2) we are allowed to modifed or (3) we are not.  The flags
+ * you pass in will decide which files we are allowed to modify.
+ *
+ * By default, checkout is not allowed to modify any files.  Anything
+ * needing a change would be considered a conflict.
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNMODIFIED means that checkout is allowed to update
+ * any file where the working directory content matches the HEAD
+ * (e.g. either the files match or the file is absent in both places).
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING means checkout can create a missing file
+ * that exists in the index and does not exist in the working directory.
+ * This is usually desirable for initial checkout, etc.  Technically, the
+ * missing file differs from the HEAD, which is why this is separate.
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED means checkout is allowed to update files
+ * where the working directory does not match the HEAD so long as the file
+ * actually exists in the HEAD.  This option implies UPDATE_UNMODIFIED.
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED means checkout is allowed to update files
+ * even if there is a working directory version that does not exist in the
+ * HEAD (i.e. the file was independently created in the workdir).  This
+ * implies UPDATE_UNMODIFIED | UPDATE_MISSING (but *not* UPDATE_MODIFIED).
+ *
+ *
+ * On top of these three basic strategies, there are some modifiers
+ * options that can be applied:
+ *
+ * If any files need update but are disallowed by the strategy, normally
+ * checkout calls the conflict callback (if given) and then aborts.
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS means it is okay to update the files that
+ * are allowed by the strategy even if there are conflicts.  The conflict
+ * callbacks are still made, but non-conflicting files will be updated.
+ *
+ * Any unmerged entries in the index are automatically considered conflicts.
+ * If you want to proceed anyhow and just skip unmerged entries, you can use
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_SKIP_UNMERGED which is less dangerous than just allowing all
+ * conflicts.  Alternatively, use GIT_CHECKOUT_USE_OURS to proceed and
+ * checkout the stage 2 ("ours") version.  GIT_CHECKOUT_USE_THEIRS means to
+ * proceed and use the stage 3 ("theirs") version.
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_ONLY means that update is not allowed to create new
+ * files or delete old ones, only update existing content.  With this
+ * flag, files that needs to be created or deleted are not conflicts -
+ * they are just skipped.  This also skips typechanges to existing files
+ * (because the old would have to be removed).
+ *
+ * GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED means that files in the working directory
+ * that are untracked (and not ignored) will be removed altogether.  These
+ * untracked files (that do not shadow index entries) are not considered
+ * conflicts and would normally be ignored.
+ *
+ *
+ * Checkout is "semi-atomic" as in it will go through the work to be done
+ * before making any changes and if may decide to abort if there are
+ * conflicts, or you can use the conflict callback to explicitly abort the
+ * action before any updates are made.  Despite this, if a second process
+ * is modifying the filesystem while checkout is running, it can't
+ * guarantee that the choices is makes while initially examining the
+ * filesystem are still going to be correct as it applies them.
  */
 typedef enum {
-	/** Checkout does not update any files in the working directory. */
-	GIT_CHECKOUT_DEFAULT            = (1 << 0),
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_DEFAULT = 0, /** default is a dry run, no actual updates */
 
-	/** When a file exists and is modified, replace it with new version. */
-	GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED = (1 << 1),
+	/** Allow update of entries where working dir matches HEAD. */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNMODIFIED = (1u << 0),
 
-	/** When a file does not exist in the working directory, create it. */
-	GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING     = (1 << 2),
+	/** Allow update of entries where working dir does not have file. */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING = (1u << 1),
+
+	/** Allow safe updates that cannot overwrite uncommited data */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE =
+		(GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNMODIFIED | GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING),
+
+	/** Allow update of entries in working dir that are modified from HEAD. */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED = (1u << 2),
+
+	/** Update existing untracked files that are now present in the index. */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED = (1u << 3),
+
+	/** Allow all updates to force working directory to look like index */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_FORCE =
+		(GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE | GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED | GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED),
+
+	/** Allow checkout to make updates even if conflicts are found */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS = (1u << 4),
+
+	/** Remove untracked files not in index (that are not ignored) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED = (1u << 5),
+
+	/** Only update existing files, don't create new ones */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_ONLY = (1u << 6),
+
+	/**
+	 * THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS ARE NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
+	 */
+
+	/** Allow checkout to skip unmerged files (NOT IMPLEMENTED) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_SKIP_UNMERGED = (1u << 10),
+	/** For unmerged files, checkout stage 2 from index (NOT IMPLEMENTED) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_USE_OURS = (1u << 11),
+	/** For unmerged files, checkout stage 3 from index (NOT IMPLEMENTED) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_USE_THEIRS = (1u << 12),
+
+	/** Recursively checkout submodules with same options (NOT IMPLEMENTED) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_SUBMODULES = (1u << 16),
+	/** Recursively checkout submodules if HEAD moved in super repo (NOT IMPLEMENTED) */
+	GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_SUBMODULES_IF_CHANGED = (1u << 17),
 
-	/** If an untracked file in found in the working dir, delete it. */
-	GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED   = (1 << 3),
 } git_checkout_strategy_t;
 
 /**
@@ -47,38 +148,38 @@ typedef enum {
  * Use zeros to indicate default settings.
  */
 typedef struct git_checkout_opts {
-	unsigned int checkout_strategy; /** default: GIT_CHECKOUT_DEFAULT */
+	unsigned int checkout_strategy; /** default will be a dry run */
+
 	int disable_filters; /** don't apply filters like CRLF conversion */
 	int dir_mode;		 /** default is 0755 */
 	int file_mode;		 /** default is 0644 or 0755 as dictated by blob */
 	int file_open_flags; /** default is O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY */
 
-	/** Optional callback to notify the consumer of files that
-	 * haven't be checked out because a modified version of them
-	 * exist in the working directory.
-	 *
-	 * When provided, this callback will be invoked when the flag
-	 * GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED isn't part of the checkout strategy.
+	/** Optional callback made on files where the index differs from the
+	 *  working directory but the rules do not allow update.  Return a
+	 *  non-zero value to abort the checkout.  All such callbacks will be
+	 *  made before any changes are made to the working directory.
 	 */
-	int (* skipped_notify_cb)(
-		const char *skipped_file,
-		const git_oid *blob_oid,
-		int file_mode,
+	int (*conflict_cb)(
+		const char *conflicting_path,
+		const git_oid *index_oid,
+		unsigned int index_mode,
+		unsigned int wd_mode,
 		void *payload);
-	void *notify_payload;
+	void *conflict_payload;
 
 	/* Optional callback to notify the consumer of checkout progress. */
-	void (* progress_cb)(
-			const char *path,
-			size_t completed_steps,
-			size_t total_steps,
-			void *payload);
+	void (*progress_cb)(
+		const char *path,
+		size_t completed_steps,
+		size_t total_steps,
+		void *payload);
 	void *progress_payload;
 
-	/** When not NULL, array of fnmatch patterns specifying
-	 * which paths should be taken into account
+	/** When not zeroed out, array of fnmatch patterns specifying which
+	 *  paths should be taken into account, otherwise all files.
 	 */
-	git_strarray paths; 
+	git_strarray paths;
 } git_checkout_opts;
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/git2/errors.h b/include/git2/errors.h
index 8bb47f354..45e04578d 100644
--- a/include/git2/errors.h
+++ b/include/git2/errors.h
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ typedef enum {
 	GITERR_SUBMODULE,
 	GITERR_THREAD,
 	GITERR_STASH,
+	GITERR_CHECKOUT,
 } git_error_t;
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/attr_file.h b/src/attr_file.h
index 3ea13d273..5bdfc7054 100644
--- a/src/attr_file.h
+++ b/src/attr_file.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #ifndef INCLUDE_attr_file_h__
 #define INCLUDE_attr_file_h__
 
+#include "git2/oid.h"
 #include "git2/attr.h"
 #include "vector.h"
 #include "pool.h"
diff --git a/src/checkout.c b/src/checkout.c
index e068e4f5f..0d14e2625 100644
--- a/src/checkout.c
+++ b/src/checkout.c
@@ -21,20 +21,20 @@
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "filter.h"
 #include "blob.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
-struct checkout_diff_data
-{
+typedef struct {
+	git_repository *repo;
+	git_diff_list *diff;
+	git_checkout_opts *opts;
 	git_buf *path;
 	size_t workdir_len;
-	git_checkout_opts *checkout_opts;
-	git_repository *owner;
 	bool can_symlink;
-	bool found_submodules;
-	bool create_submodules;
 	int error;
 	size_t total_steps;
 	size_t completed_steps;
-};
+} checkout_diff_data;
 
 static int buffer_to_file(
 	git_buf *buffer,
@@ -43,20 +43,23 @@ static int buffer_to_file(
 	int file_open_flags,
 	mode_t file_mode)
 {
-	int fd, error, error_close;
+	int fd, error;
 
 	if ((error = git_futils_mkpath2file(path, dir_mode)) < 0)
 		return error;
 
-	if ((fd = p_open(path, file_open_flags, file_mode)) < 0)
+	if ((fd = p_open(path, file_open_flags, file_mode)) < 0) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not open '%s' for writing", path);
 		return fd;
+	}
 
-	error = p_write(fd, git_buf_cstr(buffer), git_buf_len(buffer));
-
-	error_close = p_close(fd);
-
-	if (!error)
-		error = error_close;
+	if ((error = p_write(fd, git_buf_cstr(buffer), git_buf_len(buffer))) < 0) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not write to '%s'", path);
+		(void)p_close(fd);
+	} else {
+		if ((error = p_close(fd)) < 0)
+			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Error while closing '%s'", path);
+	}
 
 	if (!error &&
 		(file_mode & 0100) != 0 &&
@@ -108,7 +111,8 @@ static int blob_content_to_file(
 	if (!file_mode)
 		file_mode = entry_filemode;
 
-	error = buffer_to_file(&filtered, path, opts->dir_mode, opts->file_open_flags, file_mode);
+	error = buffer_to_file(
+		&filtered, path, opts->dir_mode, opts->file_open_flags, file_mode);
 
 cleanup:
 	git_filters_free(&filters);
@@ -119,7 +123,8 @@ cleanup:
 	return error;
 }
 
-static int blob_content_to_link(git_blob *blob, const char *path, bool can_symlink)
+static int blob_content_to_link(
+	git_blob *blob, const char *path, bool can_symlink)
 {
 	git_buf linktarget = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 	int error;
@@ -138,51 +143,52 @@ static int blob_content_to_link(git_blob *blob, const char *path, bool can_symli
 }
 
 static int checkout_submodule(
-	struct checkout_diff_data *data,
+	checkout_diff_data *data,
 	const git_diff_file *file)
 {
+	/* Until submodules are supported, UPDATE_ONLY means do nothing here */
+	if ((data->opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_ONLY) != 0)
+		return 0;
+
 	if (git_futils_mkdir(
-			file->path, git_repository_workdir(data->owner),
-			data->checkout_opts->dir_mode, GIT_MKDIR_PATH) < 0)
+			file->path, git_repository_workdir(data->repo),
+			data->opts->dir_mode, GIT_MKDIR_PATH) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	/* TODO: two cases:
+	/* TODO: Support checkout_strategy options.  Two circumstances:
 	 * 1 - submodule already checked out, but we need to move the HEAD
 	 *     to the new OID, or
 	 * 2 - submodule not checked out and we should recursively check it out
 	 *
-	 * Checkout will not execute a pull request on the submodule, but a
-	 * clone command should probably be able to.  Do we need a submodule
-	 * callback option?
+	 * Checkout will not execute a pull on the submodule, but a clone
+	 * command should probably be able to.  Do we need a submodule callback?
 	 */
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void report_progress(
-		struct checkout_diff_data *data,
-		const char *path)
+	checkout_diff_data *data,
+	const char *path)
 {
-	if (data->checkout_opts->progress_cb)
-		data->checkout_opts->progress_cb(
-				path,
-				data->completed_steps,
-				data->total_steps,
-				data->checkout_opts->progress_payload);
+	if (data->opts->progress_cb)
+		data->opts->progress_cb(
+			path, data->completed_steps, data->total_steps,
+			data->opts->progress_payload);
 }
 
 static int checkout_blob(
-	struct checkout_diff_data *data,
+	checkout_diff_data *data,
 	const git_diff_file *file)
 {
+	int error = 0;
 	git_blob *blob;
-	int error;
 
 	git_buf_truncate(data->path, data->workdir_len);
-	if (git_buf_joinpath(data->path, git_buf_cstr(data->path), file->path) < 0)
+	if (git_buf_puts(data->path, file->path) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	if ((error = git_blob_lookup(&blob, data->owner, &file->oid)) < 0)
+	if ((error = git_blob_lookup(&blob, data->repo, &file->oid)) < 0)
 		return error;
 
 	if (S_ISLNK(file->mode))
@@ -190,138 +196,407 @@ static int checkout_blob(
 			blob, git_buf_cstr(data->path), data->can_symlink);
 	else
 		error = blob_content_to_file(
-			blob, git_buf_cstr(data->path), file->mode, data->checkout_opts);
+			blob, git_buf_cstr(data->path), file->mode, data->opts);
 
 	git_blob_free(blob);
 
 	return error;
 }
 
-static int checkout_remove_the_old(
-	void *cb_data, const git_diff_delta *delta, float progress)
+static int retrieve_symlink_caps(git_repository *repo, bool *can_symlink)
 {
-	struct checkout_diff_data *data = cb_data;
-	git_checkout_opts *opts = data->checkout_opts;
+	git_config *cfg;
+	int error;
 
-	GIT_UNUSED(progress);
+	if (git_repository_config__weakptr(&cfg, repo) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	if ((delta->status == GIT_DELTA_UNTRACKED &&
-		 (opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED) != 0) ||
-		(delta->status == GIT_DELTA_TYPECHANGE &&
-		 (opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED) != 0))
-	{
-		data->error = git_futils_rmdir_r(
-			delta->new_file.path,
-			git_repository_workdir(data->owner),
-			GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS);
+	error = git_config_get_bool((int *)can_symlink, cfg, "core.symlinks");
 
-		data->completed_steps++;
-		report_progress(data, delta->new_file.path);
+	/* If "core.symlinks" is not found anywhere, default to true. */
+	if (error == GIT_ENOTFOUND) {
+		*can_symlink = true;
+		error = 0;
 	}
 
-	return data->error;
+	return error;
 }
 
-static int checkout_create_the_new(
-	void *cb_data, const git_diff_delta *delta, float progress)
+static void normalize_options(
+	git_checkout_opts *normalized, git_checkout_opts *proposed)
 {
-	int error = 0;
-	struct checkout_diff_data *data = cb_data;
-	git_checkout_opts *opts = data->checkout_opts;
-	bool do_checkout = false, do_notify = false;
+	assert(normalized);
 
-	GIT_UNUSED(progress);
+	if (!proposed)
+		memset(normalized, 0, sizeof(git_checkout_opts));
+	else
+		memmove(normalized, proposed, sizeof(git_checkout_opts));
 
-	if (delta->status == GIT_DELTA_MODIFIED ||
-		delta->status == GIT_DELTA_TYPECHANGE)
-	{
-		if ((opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED) != 0)
-			do_checkout = true;
-		else if (opts->skipped_notify_cb != NULL)
-			do_notify = !data->create_submodules;
+	/* implied checkout strategies */
+	if ((normalized->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED) != 0 ||
+		(normalized->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED) != 0)
+		normalized->checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNMODIFIED;
+
+	if ((normalized->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED) != 0)
+		normalized->checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING;
+
+	/* opts->disable_filters is false by default */
+
+	if (!normalized->dir_mode)
+		normalized->dir_mode = GIT_DIR_MODE;
+
+	if (!normalized->file_open_flags)
+		normalized->file_open_flags = O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY;
+}
+
+enum {
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE = 0,
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE = 1,
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB = 2,
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE = 4,
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT = 8,
+	CHECKOUT_ACTION__MAX = 8
+};
+
+static int checkout_confirm_update_blob(
+	checkout_diff_data *data,
+	const git_diff_delta *delta,
+	int action)
+{
+	int error;
+	unsigned int strat = data->opts->checkout_strategy;
+	struct stat st;
+	bool update_only = ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_ONLY) != 0);
+
+	/* for typechange, remove the old item first */
+	if (delta->status == GIT_DELTA_TYPECHANGE) {
+		if (update_only)
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE;
+		else
+			action |= CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
+
+		return action;
 	}
-	else if (delta->status == GIT_DELTA_DELETED &&
-			 (opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING) != 0)
-		do_checkout = true;
 
-	if (do_notify) {
-		if (opts->skipped_notify_cb(
-			delta->old_file.path, &delta->old_file.oid,
-			delta->old_file.mode, opts->notify_payload))
-		{
-			giterr_clear();
-			error = GIT_EUSER;
+	git_buf_truncate(data->path, data->workdir_len);
+	if (git_buf_puts(data->path, delta->new_file.path) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if ((error = p_stat(git_buf_cstr(data->path), &st)) < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT) {
+			if (update_only)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE;
+		} else if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
+			/* File exists where a parent dir needs to go - i.e. untracked
+			 * typechange.  Ignore if UPDATE_ONLY, remove if allowed.
+			 */
+			if (update_only)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE;
+			else if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED) != 0)
+				action |= CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
+			else
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
 		}
+		/* otherwise let error happen when we attempt blob checkout later */
+	}
+	else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		/* Directory exists where a blob needs to go - i.e. untracked
+		 * typechange.  Ignore if UPDATE_ONLY, remove if allowed.
+		 */
+		if (update_only)
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE;
+		else if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED) != 0)
+			action |= CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
+		else
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
 	}
 
-	if (do_checkout) {
-		bool is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(delta->old_file.mode);
+	return action;
+}
 
-		if (is_submodule) {
-			data->found_submodules = true;
+static int checkout_action_for_delta(
+	checkout_diff_data *data,
+	const git_diff_delta *delta,
+	const git_index_entry *head_entry)
+{
+	int action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__NONE;
+	unsigned int strat  = data->opts->checkout_strategy;
+
+	switch (delta->status) {
+	case GIT_DELTA_UNMODIFIED:
+		if (!head_entry) {
+			/* file independently created in wd, even though not in HEAD */
+			if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING) == 0)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		}
+		else if (!git_oid_equal(&head_entry->oid, &delta->old_file.oid)) {
+			/* working directory was independently updated to match index */
+			if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED) == 0)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case GIT_DELTA_ADDED:
+		/* Impossible.  New files should be UNTRACKED or TYPECHANGE */
+		action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		break;
+
+	case GIT_DELTA_DELETED:
+		if (head_entry && /* working dir missing, but exists in HEAD */
+			(strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MISSING) == 0)
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		else
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB;
+		break;
+
+	case GIT_DELTA_MODIFIED:
+	case GIT_DELTA_TYPECHANGE:
+		if (!head_entry) {
+			/* working dir was independently updated & does not match index */
+			if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED) == 0)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+			else
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB;
+		}
+		else if (git_oid_equal(&head_entry->oid, &delta->new_file.oid))
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB;
+		else if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED) == 0)
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		else
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB;
+		break;
+
+	case GIT_DELTA_UNTRACKED:
+		if (!head_entry) {
+			if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED) != 0)
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
 		}
+		else if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED) != 0) {
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
+		} else if ((strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNMODIFIED) != 0) {
+			git_oid wd_oid;
+
+			/* if HEAD matches workdir, then remove, else conflict */
+
+			if (git_oid_iszero(&delta->new_file.oid) &&
+				git_diff__oid_for_file(
+					data->repo, delta->new_file.path, delta->new_file.mode,
+					delta->new_file.size, &wd_oid) < 0)
+				action = -1;
+			else if (git_oid_equal(&head_entry->oid, &wd_oid))
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE;
+			else
+				action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		} else {
+			/* present in HEAD and workdir, but absent in index */
+			action = CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT;
+		}
+		break;
 
-		if (!is_submodule && !data->create_submodules) {
-			error = checkout_blob(data, &delta->old_file);
-			data->completed_steps++;
-			report_progress(data, delta->old_file.path);
+	case GIT_DELTA_IGNORED:
+	default:
+		/* just skip these files */
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (action > 0 && (action & CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB) != 0) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(delta->old_file.mode))
+			action = (action & ~CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB) |
+				CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE;
+
+		action = checkout_confirm_update_blob(data, delta, action);
+	}
+
+	if (action == CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT &&
+		data->opts->conflict_cb != NULL &&
+		data->opts->conflict_cb(
+			delta->old_file.path, &delta->old_file.oid,
+			delta->old_file.mode, delta->new_file.mode,
+			data->opts->conflict_payload) != 0)
+	{
+		giterr_clear();
+		action = GIT_EUSER;
+	}
+
+	if (action > 0 && (strat & GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_ONLY) != 0)
+		action = (action & ~CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE);
+
+	return action;
+}
+
+static int checkout_get_actions(
+	uint32_t **actions_ptr,
+	size_t **counts_ptr,
+	checkout_diff_data *data)
+{
+	int error;
+	git_diff_list *diff = data->diff;
+	git_diff_delta *delta;
+	size_t i, *counts = NULL;
+	uint32_t *actions = NULL;
+	git_tree *head = NULL;
+	git_iterator *hiter = NULL;
+	char *pfx = git_pathspec_prefix(&data->opts->paths);
+	const git_index_entry *he;
+
+	/* if there is no HEAD, that's okay - we'll make an empty iterator */
+	(void)git_repository_head_tree(&head, data->repo);
+
+	if ((error = git_iterator_for_tree_range(
+			 &hiter, data->repo, head, pfx, pfx)) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	if ((diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) != 0 &&
+		!hiter->ignore_case &&
+		(error = git_iterator_spoolandsort(
+			&hiter, hiter, diff->entrycomp, true)) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	if ((error = git_iterator_current(hiter, &he)) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	git__free(pfx);
+	pfx = NULL;
+
+	*counts_ptr = counts = git__calloc(CHECKOUT_ACTION__MAX+1, sizeof(size_t));
+	*actions_ptr = actions = git__calloc(diff->deltas.length, sizeof(uint32_t));
+	if (!counts || !actions) {
+		error = -1;
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	git_vector_foreach(&diff->deltas, i, delta) {
+		int cmp = -1, act;
+
+		/* try to track HEAD entries parallel to deltas */
+		while (he) {
+			cmp = S_ISDIR(delta->new_file.mode) ?
+				diff->pfxcomp(he->path, delta->new_file.path) :
+				diff->strcomp(he->path, delta->old_file.path);
+			if (cmp >= 0)
+				break;
+			if (git_iterator_advance(hiter, &he) < 0)
+				he = NULL;
 		}
 
-		else if (is_submodule && data->create_submodules) {
-			error = checkout_submodule(data, &delta->old_file);
-			data->completed_steps++;
-			report_progress(data, delta->old_file.path);
+		act = checkout_action_for_delta(data, delta, !cmp ? he : NULL);
+
+		if (act < 0) {
+			error = act;
+			goto fail;
 		}
 
+		if (!cmp && git_iterator_advance(hiter, &he) < 0)
+			he = NULL;
+
+		actions[i] = act;
+
+		if (act & CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE)
+			counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE]++;
+		if (act & CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB)
+			counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB]++;
+		if (act & CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE)
+			counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE]++;
+		if (act & CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT)
+			counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT]++;
+	}
+
+	if (counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT] > 0 &&
+		(data->opts->checkout_strategy & GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS) == 0)
+	{
+		giterr_set(GITERR_CHECKOUT, "%d conflicts prevent checkout",
+				   (int)counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__CONFLICT]);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	if (error)
-		data->error = error;
+	git_iterator_free(hiter);
+	git_tree_free(head);
 
-	return error;
+	return 0;
+
+fail:
+	*counts_ptr = NULL;
+	git__free(counts);
+	*actions_ptr = NULL;
+	git__free(actions);
+
+	git_iterator_free(hiter);
+	git_tree_free(head);
+	git__free(pfx);
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
-static int retrieve_symlink_capabilities(git_repository *repo, bool *can_symlink)
+static int checkout_remove_the_old(
+	git_diff_list *diff,
+	unsigned int *actions,
+	checkout_diff_data *data)
 {
-	git_config *cfg;
-	int error;
+	git_diff_delta *delta;
+	size_t i;
 
-	if (git_repository_config__weakptr(&cfg, repo) < 0)
-		return -1;
+	git_buf_truncate(data->path, data->workdir_len);
 
-	error = git_config_get_bool((int *)can_symlink, cfg, "core.symlinks");
+	git_vector_foreach(&diff->deltas, i, delta) {
+		if (actions[i] & CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE) {
+			int error = git_futils_rmdir_r(
+				delta->new_file.path,
+				git_buf_cstr(data->path), /* here set to work dir root */
+				GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES | GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_PARENTS |
+				GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_BLOCKERS);
+			if (error < 0)
+				return error;
 
-	/*
-	 * When no "core.symlinks" entry is found in any of the configuration
-	 * store (local, global or system), default value is "true".
-	 */
-	if (error == GIT_ENOTFOUND) {
-		*can_symlink = true;
-		error = 0;
+			data->completed_steps++;
+			report_progress(data, delta->new_file.path);
+		}
 	}
 
-	return error;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void normalize_options(git_checkout_opts *normalized, git_checkout_opts *proposed)
+static int checkout_create_the_new(
+	git_diff_list *diff,
+	unsigned int *actions,
+	checkout_diff_data *data)
 {
-	assert(normalized);
+	git_diff_delta *delta;
+	size_t i;
 
-	if (!proposed)
-		memset(normalized, 0, sizeof(git_checkout_opts));
-	else
-		memmove(normalized, proposed, sizeof(git_checkout_opts));
+	git_vector_foreach(&diff->deltas, i, delta) {
+		if (actions[i] & CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB) {
+			int error = checkout_blob(data, &delta->old_file);
+			if (error < 0)
+				return error;
 
-	/* Default options */
-	if (!normalized->checkout_strategy)
-		normalized->checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_DEFAULT;
+			data->completed_steps++;
+			report_progress(data, delta->old_file.path);
+		}
+	}
 
-	/* opts->disable_filters is false by default */
-	if (!normalized->dir_mode)
-		normalized->dir_mode = GIT_DIR_MODE;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	if (!normalized->file_open_flags)
-		normalized->file_open_flags = O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY;
+static int checkout_create_submodules(
+	git_diff_list *diff,
+	unsigned int *actions,
+	checkout_diff_data *data)
+{
+	git_diff_delta *delta;
+	size_t i;
+
+	git_vector_foreach(&diff->deltas, i, delta) {
+		if (actions[i] & CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE) {
+			int error = checkout_submodule(data, &delta->old_file);
+			if (error < 0)
+				return error;
+
+			data->completed_steps++;
+			report_progress(data, delta->old_file.path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int git_checkout_index(
@@ -329,13 +604,13 @@ int git_checkout_index(
 	git_checkout_opts *opts)
 {
 	git_diff_list *diff = NULL;
-
 	git_diff_options diff_opts = {0};
 	git_checkout_opts checkout_opts;
 
-	struct checkout_diff_data data;
+	checkout_diff_data data;
 	git_buf workdir = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-
+	uint32_t *actions = NULL;
+	size_t *counts = NULL;
 	int error;
 
 	assert(repo);
@@ -344,9 +619,8 @@ int git_checkout_index(
 		return error;
 
 	diff_opts.flags =
-		GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_UNTRACKED |
-		GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE |
-		GIT_DIFF_SKIP_BINARY_CHECK;
+		GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_UNMODIFIED | GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_UNTRACKED |
+		GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE | GIT_DIFF_SKIP_BINARY_CHECK;
 
 	if (opts && opts->paths.count > 0)
 		diff_opts.pathspec = opts->paths;
@@ -359,20 +633,10 @@ int git_checkout_index(
 
 	normalize_options(&checkout_opts, opts);
 
-	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
-
-	data.path = &workdir;
-	data.workdir_len = git_buf_len(&workdir);
-	data.checkout_opts = &checkout_opts;
-	data.owner = repo;
-	data.total_steps = (size_t)git_diff_num_deltas(diff);
-
-	if ((error = retrieve_symlink_capabilities(repo, &data.can_symlink)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
-
-	/* Checkout is best performed with three passes through the diff.
+	/* Checkout is best performed with up to four passes through the diff.
 	 *
-	 * 1. First do removes, because we iterate in alphabetical order, thus
+	 * 0. Figure out what actions should be taken and record for later.
+	 * 1. Next do removes, because we iterate in alphabetical order, thus
 	 *    a new untracked directory will end up sorted *after* a blob that
 	 *    should be checked out with the same name.
 	 * 2. Then checkout all blobs.
@@ -380,23 +644,45 @@ int git_checkout_index(
 	 *    checked out during pass #2.
 	 */
 
-	report_progress(&data, NULL);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.path = &workdir;
+	data.workdir_len = git_buf_len(&workdir);
+	data.repo = repo;
+	data.diff = diff;
+	data.opts = &checkout_opts;
 
-	if (!(error = git_diff_foreach(
-			diff, &data, checkout_remove_the_old, NULL, NULL)) &&
-		!(error = git_diff_foreach(
-			diff, &data, checkout_create_the_new, NULL, NULL)) &&
-		data.found_submodules)
-	{
-		data.create_submodules = true;
-		error = git_diff_foreach(
-			diff, &data, checkout_create_the_new, NULL, NULL);
-	}
+	if ((error = checkout_get_actions(&actions, &counts, &data)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	data.total_steps = counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE] +
+		counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB] +
+		counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE];
+
+	if ((error = retrieve_symlink_caps(repo, &data.can_symlink)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	report_progress(&data, NULL); /* establish 0 baseline */
+
+	if (counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__REMOVE] > 0 &&
+		(error = checkout_remove_the_old(diff, actions, &data)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_BLOB] > 0 &&
+		(error = checkout_create_the_new(diff, actions, &data)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (counts[CHECKOUT_ACTION__UPDATE_SUBMODULE] > 0 &&
+		(error = checkout_create_submodules(diff, actions, &data)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert(data.completed_steps == data.total_steps);
 
 cleanup:
 	if (error == GIT_EUSER)
-		error = (data.error != 0) ? data.error : -1;
+		giterr_clear();
 
+	git__free(actions);
+	git__free(counts);
 	git_diff_list_free(diff);
 	git_buf_free(&workdir);
 
@@ -408,32 +694,28 @@ int git_checkout_tree(
 	git_object *treeish,
 	git_checkout_opts *opts)
 {
+	int error = 0;
 	git_index *index = NULL;
 	git_tree *tree = NULL;
 
-	int error;
-
 	assert(repo && treeish);
 
 	if (git_object_peel((git_object **)&tree, treeish, GIT_OBJ_TREE) < 0) {
-		giterr_set(GITERR_INVALID, "Provided treeish cannot be peeled into a tree.");
-		return GIT_ERROR;
+		giterr_set(
+			GITERR_CHECKOUT, "Provided object cannot be peeled to a tree");
+		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if ((error = git_repository_index(&index, repo)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
+	/* load paths in tree that match pathspec into index */
+	if (!(error = git_repository_index(&index, repo)) &&
+		!(error = git_index_read_tree_match(
+			index, tree, opts ? &opts->paths : NULL)) &&
+		!(error = git_index_write(index)))
+		error = git_checkout_index(repo, opts);
 
-	if ((error = git_index_read_tree(index, tree)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
-
-	if ((error = git_index_write(index)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
-
-	error = git_checkout_index(repo, opts);
-
-cleanup:
 	git_index_free(index);
 	git_tree_free(tree);
+
 	return error;
 }
 
@@ -441,21 +723,16 @@ int git_checkout_head(
 	git_repository *repo,
 	git_checkout_opts *opts)
 {
-	git_reference *head;
 	int error;
+	git_reference *head = NULL;
 	git_object *tree = NULL;
 
 	assert(repo);
 
-	if ((error = git_repository_head(&head, repo)) < 0)
-		return error;
-	
-	if ((error = git_reference_peel(&tree, head, GIT_OBJ_TREE)) < 0)
-		goto cleanup;
+	if (!(error = git_repository_head(&head, repo)) &&
+		!(error = git_reference_peel(&tree, head, GIT_OBJ_TREE)))
+		error = git_checkout_tree(repo, tree, opts);
 
-	error = git_checkout_tree(repo, tree, opts);
-
-cleanup:
 	git_reference_free(head);
 	git_object_free(tree);
 
diff --git a/src/clone.c b/src/clone.c
index d75fee213..9ef6f8100 100644
--- a/src/clone.c
+++ b/src/clone.c
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ static int clone_internal(
 						fetch_progress_cb, fetch_progress_payload)) < 0) {
 			/* Failed to fetch; clean up */
 			git_repository_free(repo);
-			git_futils_rmdir_r(path, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS);
+			git_futils_rmdir_r(path, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES);
 		} else {
 			*out = repo;
 			retcode = 0;
diff --git a/src/diff.c b/src/diff.c
index 55f6ee7d5..6f48d72a2 100644
--- a/src/diff.c
+++ b/src/diff.c
@@ -10,76 +10,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "attr_file.h"
 #include "filter.h"
-
-static char *diff_prefix_from_pathspec(const git_strarray *pathspec)
-{
-	git_buf prefix = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-	const char *scan;
-
-	if (git_buf_common_prefix(&prefix, pathspec) < 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* diff prefix will only be leading non-wildcards */
-	for (scan = prefix.ptr; *scan; ++scan) {
-		if (git__iswildcard(*scan) &&
-			(scan == prefix.ptr || (*(scan - 1) != '\\')))
-			break;
-	}
-	git_buf_truncate(&prefix, scan - prefix.ptr);
-
-	if (prefix.size <= 0) {
-		git_buf_free(&prefix);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	git_buf_unescape(&prefix);
-
-	return git_buf_detach(&prefix);
-}
-
-static bool diff_pathspec_is_interesting(const git_strarray *pathspec)
-{
-	const char *str;
-
-	if (pathspec == NULL || pathspec->count == 0)
-		return false;
-	if (pathspec->count > 1)
-		return true;
-
-	str = pathspec->strings[0];
-	if (!str || !str[0] || (!str[1] && (str[0] == '*' || str[0] == '.')))
-		return false;
-	return true;
-}
-
-static bool diff_path_matches_pathspec(git_diff_list *diff, const char *path)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	git_attr_fnmatch *match;
-
-	if (!diff->pathspec.length)
-		return true;
-
-	git_vector_foreach(&diff->pathspec, i, match) {
-		int result = strcmp(match->pattern, path) ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0;
-
-		if (((diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH) == 0) &&
-			result == FNM_NOMATCH)
-			result = p_fnmatch(match->pattern, path, 0);
-
-		/* if we didn't match, look for exact dirname prefix match */
-		if (result == FNM_NOMATCH &&
-			(match->flags & GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_HASWILD) == 0 &&
-			strncmp(path, match->pattern, match->length) == 0 &&
-			path[match->length] == '/')
-			result = 0;
-
-		if (result == 0)
-			return (match->flags & GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_NEGATIVE) ? false : true;
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static git_diff_delta *diff_delta__alloc(
 	git_diff_list *diff,
@@ -125,7 +56,10 @@ static int diff_delta__from_one(
 		(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_UNTRACKED) == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!diff_path_matches_pathspec(diff, entry->path))
+	if (!git_pathspec_match_path(
+			&diff->pathspec, entry->path,
+			(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH) != 0,
+			(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) != 0))
 		return 0;
 
 	delta = diff_delta__alloc(diff, status, entry->path);
@@ -295,7 +229,6 @@ static git_diff_list *git_diff_list_alloc(
 	git_repository *repo, const git_diff_options *opts)
 {
 	git_config *cfg;
-	size_t i;
 	git_diff_list *diff = git__calloc(1, sizeof(git_diff_list));
 	if (diff == NULL)
 		return NULL;
@@ -333,7 +266,10 @@ static git_diff_list *git_diff_list_alloc(
 		return diff;
 
 	memcpy(&diff->opts, opts, sizeof(git_diff_options));
-	memset(&diff->opts.pathspec, 0, sizeof(diff->opts.pathspec));
+
+	/* pathspec init will do nothing for empty pathspec */
+	if (git_pathspec_init(&diff->pathspec, &opts->pathspec, &diff->pool) < 0)
+		goto fail;
 
 	/* TODO: handle config diff.mnemonicprefix, diff.noprefix */
 
@@ -355,35 +291,6 @@ static git_diff_list *git_diff_list_alloc(
 	if (diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE_TREES)
 		diff->opts.flags |= GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE;
 
-	/* only copy pathspec if it is "interesting" so we can test
-	 * diff->pathspec.length > 0 to know if it is worth calling
-	 * fnmatch as we iterate.
-	 */
-	if (!diff_pathspec_is_interesting(&opts->pathspec))
-		return diff;
-
-	if (git_vector_init(
-		&diff->pathspec, (unsigned int)opts->pathspec.count, NULL) < 0)
-		goto fail;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < opts->pathspec.count; ++i) {
-		int ret;
-		const char *pattern = opts->pathspec.strings[i];
-		git_attr_fnmatch *match = git__calloc(1, sizeof(git_attr_fnmatch));
-		if (!match)
-			goto fail;
-		match->flags = GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_ALLOWSPACE;
-		ret = git_attr_fnmatch__parse(match, &diff->pool, NULL, &pattern);
-		if (ret == GIT_ENOTFOUND) {
-			git__free(match);
-			continue;
-		} else if (ret < 0)
-			goto fail;
-
-		if (git_vector_insert(&diff->pathspec, match) < 0)
-			goto fail;
-	}
-
 	return diff;
 
 fail:
@@ -394,7 +301,6 @@ fail:
 static void diff_list_free(git_diff_list *diff)
 {
 	git_diff_delta *delta;
-	git_attr_fnmatch *match;
 	unsigned int i;
 
 	git_vector_foreach(&diff->deltas, i, delta) {
@@ -403,12 +309,7 @@ static void diff_list_free(git_diff_list *diff)
 	}
 	git_vector_free(&diff->deltas);
 
-	git_vector_foreach(&diff->pathspec, i, match) {
-		git__free(match);
-		diff->pathspec.contents[i] = NULL;
-	}
-	git_vector_free(&diff->pathspec);
-
+	git_pathspec_free(&diff->pathspec);
 	git_pool_clear(&diff->pool);
 	git__free(diff);
 }
@@ -426,24 +327,39 @@ void git_diff_list_addref(git_diff_list *diff)
 	GIT_REFCOUNT_INC(diff);
 }
 
-static int oid_for_workdir_item(
+int git_diff__oid_for_file(
 	git_repository *repo,
-	const git_index_entry *item,
+	const char *path,
+	uint16_t  mode,
+	git_off_t size,
 	git_oid *oid)
 {
 	int result = 0;
 	git_buf full_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 
 	if (git_buf_joinpath(
-		&full_path, git_repository_workdir(repo), item->path) < 0)
+		&full_path, git_repository_workdir(repo), path) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+	if (!mode) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (p_stat(path, &st) < 0) {
+			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not stat '%s'", path);
+			result = -1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		mode = st.st_mode;
+		size = st.st_size;
+	}
+
 	/* calculate OID for file if possible */
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(item->mode)) {
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		git_submodule *sm;
 		const git_oid *sm_oid;
 
-		if (!git_submodule_lookup(&sm, repo, item->path) &&
+		if (!git_submodule_lookup(&sm, repo, path) &&
 			(sm_oid = git_submodule_wd_oid(sm)) != NULL)
 			git_oid_cpy(oid, sm_oid);
 		else {
@@ -453,23 +369,22 @@ static int oid_for_workdir_item(
 			giterr_clear();
 			memset(oid, 0, sizeof(*oid));
 		}
-	} else if (S_ISLNK(item->mode))
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 		result = git_odb__hashlink(oid, full_path.ptr);
-	else if (!git__is_sizet(item->file_size)) {
-		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "File size overflow for 32-bit systems");
+	} else if (!git__is_sizet(size)) {
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "File size overflow (for 32-bits) on '%s'", path);
 		result = -1;
 	} else {
 		git_vector filters = GIT_VECTOR_INIT;
 
-		result = git_filters_load(
-			&filters, repo, item->path, GIT_FILTER_TO_ODB);
+		result = git_filters_load(&filters, repo, path, GIT_FILTER_TO_ODB);
 		if (result >= 0) {
 			int fd = git_futils_open_ro(full_path.ptr);
 			if (fd < 0)
 				result = fd;
 			else {
 				result = git_odb__hashfd_filtered(
-					oid, fd, (size_t)item->file_size, GIT_OBJ_BLOB, &filters);
+					oid, fd, (size_t)size, GIT_OBJ_BLOB, &filters);
 				p_close(fd);
 			}
 		}
@@ -477,8 +392,8 @@ static int oid_for_workdir_item(
 		git_filters_free(&filters);
 	}
 
+cleanup:
 	git_buf_free(&full_path);
-
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -499,7 +414,10 @@ static int maybe_modified(
 
 	GIT_UNUSED(old_iter);
 
-	if (!diff_path_matches_pathspec(diff, oitem->path))
+	if (!git_pathspec_match_path(
+			&diff->pathspec, oitem->path,
+			(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DISABLE_PATHSPEC_MATCH) != 0,
+			(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) != 0))
 		return 0;
 
 	/* on platforms with no symlinks, preserve mode of existing symlinks */
@@ -535,8 +453,7 @@ static int maybe_modified(
 	}
 
 	/* if oids and modes match, then file is unmodified */
-	else if (git_oid_cmp(&oitem->oid, &nitem->oid) == 0 &&
-			 omode == nmode)
+	else if (git_oid_equal(&oitem->oid, &nitem->oid) && omode == nmode)
 		status = GIT_DELTA_UNMODIFIED;
 
 	/* if we have an unknown OID and a workdir iterator, then check some
@@ -590,44 +507,28 @@ static int maybe_modified(
 	 * haven't calculated the OID of the new item, then calculate it now
 	 */
 	if (status != GIT_DELTA_UNMODIFIED && git_oid_iszero(&nitem->oid)) {
-		if (oid_for_workdir_item(diff->repo, nitem, &noid) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		else if (omode == nmode && git_oid_equal(&oitem->oid, &noid))
+		if (!use_noid) {
+			if (git_diff__oid_for_file(diff->repo,
+					nitem->path, nitem->mode, nitem->file_size, &noid) < 0)
+				return -1;
+			use_noid = &noid;
+		}
+		if (omode == nmode && git_oid_equal(&oitem->oid, use_noid))
 			status = GIT_DELTA_UNMODIFIED;
-
-		/* store calculated oid so we don't have to recalc later */
-		use_noid = &noid;
 	}
 
 	return diff_delta__from_two(
 		diff, status, oitem, omode, nitem, nmode, use_noid);
 }
 
-static int git_index_entry_cmp_case(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	const git_index_entry *entry_a = a;
-	const git_index_entry *entry_b = b;
-
-	return strcmp(entry_a->path, entry_b->path);
-}
-
-static int git_index_entry_cmp_icase(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	const git_index_entry *entry_a = a;
-	const git_index_entry *entry_b = b;
-
-	return strcasecmp(entry_a->path, entry_b->path);
-}
-
 static bool entry_is_prefixed(
+	git_diff_list *diff,
 	const git_index_entry *item,
-	git_iterator *prefix_iterator,
 	const git_index_entry *prefix_item)
 {
 	size_t pathlen;
 
-	if (!prefix_item ||
-		ITERATOR_PREFIXCMP(*prefix_iterator, prefix_item->path, item->path))
+	if (!prefix_item || diff->pfxcomp(prefix_item->path, item->path))
 		return false;
 
 	pathlen = strlen(item->path);
@@ -637,6 +538,35 @@ static bool entry_is_prefixed(
 			prefix_item->path[pathlen] == '/');
 }
 
+static int diff_list_init_from_iterators(
+	git_diff_list *diff,
+	git_iterator *old_iter,
+	git_iterator *new_iter)
+{
+	diff->old_src = old_iter->type;
+	diff->new_src = new_iter->type;
+
+	/* Use case-insensitive compare if either iterator has
+	 * the ignore_case bit set */
+	if (!old_iter->ignore_case && !new_iter->ignore_case) {
+		diff->opts.flags &= ~GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE;
+
+		diff->strcomp    = strcmp;
+		diff->strncomp   = strncmp;
+		diff->pfxcomp    = git__prefixcmp;
+		diff->entrycomp  = git_index_entry__cmp;
+	} else {
+		diff->opts.flags |= GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE;
+
+		diff->strcomp    = strcasecmp;
+		diff->strncomp   = strncasecmp;
+		diff->pfxcomp    = git__prefixcmp_icase;
+		diff->entrycomp  = git_index_entry__cmp_icase;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int diff_from_iterators(
 	git_repository *repo,
 	const git_diff_options *opts, /**< can be NULL for defaults */
@@ -644,37 +574,31 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 	git_iterator *new_iter,
 	git_diff_list **diff_ptr)
 {
+	int error = 0;
 	const git_index_entry *oitem, *nitem;
 	git_buf ignore_prefix = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 	git_diff_list *diff = git_diff_list_alloc(repo, opts);
-	git_vector_cmp entry_compare;
 
-	if (!diff)
-		goto fail;
-
-	diff->old_src = old_iter->type;
-	diff->new_src = new_iter->type;
+	*diff_ptr = NULL;
 
-	/* Use case-insensitive compare if either iterator has
-	 * the ignore_case bit set */
-	if (!old_iter->ignore_case && !new_iter->ignore_case) {
-		entry_compare = git_index_entry_cmp_case;
-		diff->opts.flags &= ~GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE;
-	} else {
-		entry_compare = git_index_entry_cmp_icase;
-		diff->opts.flags |= GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE;
+	if (!diff ||
+		diff_list_init_from_iterators(diff, old_iter, new_iter) < 0)
+		goto fail;
 
+	if (diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) {
 		/* If one of the iterators doesn't have ignore_case set,
 		 * then that's unfortunate because we'll have to spool
 		 * its data, sort it icase, and then use that for our
 		 * merge join to the other iterator that is icase sorted */
-		if (!old_iter->ignore_case) {
-			if (git_iterator_spoolandsort(&old_iter, old_iter, git_index_entry_cmp_icase, true) < 0)
-				goto fail;
-		} else if (!new_iter->ignore_case) {
-			if (git_iterator_spoolandsort(&new_iter, new_iter, git_index_entry_cmp_icase, true) < 0)
-				goto fail;
-		}
+		if (!old_iter->ignore_case &&
+			git_iterator_spoolandsort(
+				&old_iter, old_iter, diff->entrycomp, true) < 0)
+			goto fail;
+
+		if (!new_iter->ignore_case &&
+			git_iterator_spoolandsort(
+				&new_iter, new_iter, diff->entrycomp, true) < 0)
+			goto fail;
 	}
 
 	if (git_iterator_current(old_iter, &oitem) < 0 ||
@@ -685,7 +609,7 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 	while (oitem || nitem) {
 
 		/* create DELETED records for old items not matched in new */
-		if (oitem && (!nitem || entry_compare(oitem, nitem) < 0)) {
+		if (oitem && (!nitem || diff->entrycomp(oitem, nitem) < 0)) {
 			if (diff_delta__from_one(diff, GIT_DELTA_DELETED, oitem) < 0)
 				goto fail;
 
@@ -693,7 +617,7 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 			 * instead of just generating a DELETE record
 			 */
 			if ((diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE_TREES) != 0 &&
-				entry_is_prefixed(oitem, new_iter, nitem))
+				entry_is_prefixed(diff, oitem, nitem))
 			{
 				/* this entry has become a tree! convert to TYPECHANGE */
 				git_diff_delta *last = diff_delta__last_for_item(diff, oitem);
@@ -710,13 +634,12 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 		/* create ADDED, TRACKED, or IGNORED records for new items not
 		 * matched in old (and/or descend into directories as needed)
 		 */
-		else if (nitem && (!oitem || entry_compare(oitem, nitem) > 0)) {
+		else if (nitem && (!oitem || diff->entrycomp(oitem, nitem) > 0)) {
 			git_delta_t delta_type = GIT_DELTA_UNTRACKED;
 
 			/* check if contained in ignored parent directory */
 			if (git_buf_len(&ignore_prefix) &&
-				ITERATOR_PREFIXCMP(*old_iter, nitem->path,
-					git_buf_cstr(&ignore_prefix)) == 0)
+				diff->pfxcomp(nitem->path, git_buf_cstr(&ignore_prefix)) == 0)
 				delta_type = GIT_DELTA_IGNORED;
 
 			if (S_ISDIR(nitem->mode)) {
@@ -725,7 +648,7 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 				 * directories and it is not under an ignored directory.
 				 */
 				bool contains_tracked =
-					entry_is_prefixed(nitem, old_iter, oitem);
+					entry_is_prefixed(diff, nitem, oitem);
 				bool recurse_untracked =
 					(delta_type == GIT_DELTA_UNTRACKED &&
 					 (diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_RECURSE_UNTRACKED_DIRS) != 0);
@@ -789,7 +712,7 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 			 */
 			if (delta_type != GIT_DELTA_IGNORED &&
 				(diff->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_INCLUDE_TYPECHANGE_TREES) != 0 &&
-				entry_is_prefixed(nitem, old_iter, oitem))
+				entry_is_prefixed(diff, nitem, oitem))
 			{
 				/* this entry was a tree! convert to TYPECHANGE */
 				git_diff_delta *last = diff_delta__last_for_item(diff, oitem);
@@ -807,7 +730,7 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 		 * (or ADDED and DELETED pair if type changed)
 		 */
 		else {
-			assert(oitem && nitem && entry_compare(oitem, nitem) == 0);
+			assert(oitem && nitem && diff->entrycomp(oitem, nitem) == 0);
 
 			if (maybe_modified(old_iter, oitem, new_iter, nitem, diff) < 0 ||
 				git_iterator_advance(old_iter, &oitem) < 0 ||
@@ -816,21 +739,19 @@ static int diff_from_iterators(
 		}
 	}
 
-	git_iterator_free(old_iter);
-	git_iterator_free(new_iter);
-	git_buf_free(&ignore_prefix);
-
 	*diff_ptr = diff;
-	return 0;
 
 fail:
+	if (!*diff_ptr) {
+		git_diff_list_free(diff);
+		error = -1;
+	}
+
 	git_iterator_free(old_iter);
 	git_iterator_free(new_iter);
 	git_buf_free(&ignore_prefix);
 
-	git_diff_list_free(diff);
-	*diff_ptr = NULL;
-	return -1;
+	return error;
 }
 
 
@@ -842,15 +763,15 @@ int git_diff_tree_to_tree(
 	git_diff_list **diff)
 {
 	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
-	char *prefix = opts ? diff_prefix_from_pathspec(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
+	char *pfx = opts ? git_pathspec_prefix(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
 
 	assert(repo && old_tree && new_tree && diff);
 
-	if (git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, old_tree, prefix, prefix) < 0 ||
-		git_iterator_for_tree_range(&b, repo, new_tree, prefix, prefix) < 0)
+	if (git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, old_tree, pfx, pfx) < 0 ||
+		git_iterator_for_tree_range(&b, repo, new_tree, pfx, pfx) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 
 	return diff_from_iterators(repo, opts, a, b, diff);
 }
@@ -862,20 +783,20 @@ int git_diff_index_to_tree(
 	git_diff_list **diff)
 {
 	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
-	char *prefix = opts ? diff_prefix_from_pathspec(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
+	char *pfx = opts ? git_pathspec_prefix(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
 
 	assert(repo && diff);
 
-	if (git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, old_tree, prefix, prefix) < 0 ||
-	    git_iterator_for_index_range(&b, repo, prefix, prefix) < 0)
+	if (git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, old_tree, pfx, pfx) < 0 ||
+	    git_iterator_for_index_range(&b, repo, pfx, pfx) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 
 	return diff_from_iterators(repo, opts, a, b, diff);
 
 on_error:
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 	git_iterator_free(a);
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -885,23 +806,22 @@ int git_diff_workdir_to_index(
 	const git_diff_options *opts,
 	git_diff_list **diff)
 {
-	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
 	int error;
-
-	char *prefix = opts ? diff_prefix_from_pathspec(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
+	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+	char *pfx = opts ? git_pathspec_prefix(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
 
 	assert(repo && diff);
 
-	if ((error = git_iterator_for_index_range(&a, repo, prefix, prefix)) < 0 ||
-	    (error = git_iterator_for_workdir_range(&b, repo, prefix, prefix)) < 0)
+	if ((error = git_iterator_for_index_range(&a, repo, pfx, pfx)) < 0 ||
+	    (error = git_iterator_for_workdir_range(&b, repo, pfx, pfx)) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 
 	return diff_from_iterators(repo, opts, a, b, diff);
 
 on_error:
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 	git_iterator_free(a);
 	return error;
 }
@@ -910,26 +830,25 @@ on_error:
 int git_diff_workdir_to_tree(
 	git_repository *repo,
 	const git_diff_options *opts,
-	git_tree *old_tree,
+	git_tree *tree,
 	git_diff_list **diff)
 {
-	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
 	int error;
+	git_iterator *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+	char *pfx = opts ? git_pathspec_prefix(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
 
-	char *prefix = opts ? diff_prefix_from_pathspec(&opts->pathspec) : NULL;
-
-	assert(repo && old_tree && diff);
+	assert(repo && tree && diff);
 
-	if ((error = git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, old_tree, prefix, prefix)) < 0 ||
-	    (error = git_iterator_for_workdir_range(&b, repo, prefix, prefix)) < 0)
+	if ((error = git_iterator_for_tree_range(&a, repo, tree, pfx, pfx)) < 0 ||
+	    (error = git_iterator_for_workdir_range(&b, repo, pfx, pfx)) < 0)
 		goto on_error;
 
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 
 	return diff_from_iterators(repo, opts, a, b, diff);
 
 on_error:
-	git__free(prefix);
+	git__free(pfx);
 	git_iterator_free(a);
 	return error;
 }
diff --git a/src/diff.h b/src/diff.h
index ed66439bf..1e3be7593 100644
--- a/src/diff.h
+++ b/src/diff.h
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ struct git_diff_list {
 	git_iterator_type_t old_src;
 	git_iterator_type_t new_src;
 	uint32_t diffcaps;
+
+	int (*strcomp)(const char *, const char *);
+	int (*strncomp)(const char *, const char *, size_t);
+	int (*pfxcomp)(const char *str, const char *pfx);
+	int (*entrycomp)(const void *a, const void *b);
 };
 
 extern void git_diff__cleanup_modes(
@@ -53,5 +58,8 @@ extern int git_diff_delta__cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
 extern bool git_diff_delta__should_skip(
 	const git_diff_options *opts, const git_diff_delta *delta);
 
+extern int git_diff__oid_for_file(
+	git_repository *, const char *, uint16_t, git_off_t, git_oid *);
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/diff_output.c b/src/diff_output.c
index e678ec857..46a9e02bf 100644
--- a/src/diff_output.c
+++ b/src/diff_output.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static int diff_delta_is_binary_by_attr(
 		return -1;
 
 	mirror_new = (delta->new_file.path == delta->old_file.path ||
-				  strcmp(delta->new_file.path, delta->old_file.path) == 0);
+		ctxt->diff->strcomp(delta->new_file.path, delta->old_file.path) == 0);
 	if (mirror_new)
 		delta->new_file.flags |= (delta->old_file.flags & KNOWN_BINARY_FLAGS);
 	else
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ static int print_compact(
 	git_buf_clear(pi->buf);
 
 	if (delta->old_file.path != delta->new_file.path &&
-		strcmp(delta->old_file.path,delta->new_file.path) != 0)
+		pi->diff->strcomp(delta->old_file.path,delta->new_file.path) != 0)
 		git_buf_printf(pi->buf, "%c\t%s%c -> %s%c\n", code,
 			delta->old_file.path, old_suffix, delta->new_file.path, new_suffix);
 	else if (delta->old_file.mode != delta->new_file.mode &&
@@ -1573,3 +1573,58 @@ int git_diff_patch_to_str(
 
 	return error;
 }
+
+int git_diff__paired_foreach(
+	git_diff_list *idx2head,
+	git_diff_list *wd2idx,
+	int (*cb)(void *cbref, git_diff_delta *i2h, git_diff_delta *w2i),
+	void *cbref)
+{
+	int cmp;
+	git_diff_delta *i2h, *w2i;
+	size_t i, j, i_max, j_max;
+	bool icase = false;
+
+	i_max = idx2head ? idx2head->deltas.length : 0;
+	j_max = wd2idx   ? wd2idx->deltas.length   : 0;
+
+	if (idx2head && wd2idx &&
+		(0 != (idx2head->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) ||
+		 0 != (wd2idx->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE)))
+	{
+		/* Then use the ignore-case sorter... */
+		icase = true;
+
+		/* and assert that both are ignore-case sorted. If this function
+		 * ever needs to support merge joining result sets that are not sorted
+		 * by the same function, then it will need to be extended to do a spool
+		 * and sort on one of the results before merge joining */
+		assert(0 != (idx2head->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) &&
+			0 != (wd2idx->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE));
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < i_max || j < j_max; ) {
+		i2h = idx2head ? GIT_VECTOR_GET(&idx2head->deltas,i) : NULL;
+		w2i = wd2idx   ? GIT_VECTOR_GET(&wd2idx->deltas,j)   : NULL;
+
+		cmp = !w2i ? -1 : !i2h ? 1 :
+			STRCMP_CASESELECT(icase, i2h->old_file.path, w2i->old_file.path);
+
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			if (cb(cbref, i2h, NULL))
+				return GIT_EUSER;
+			i++;
+		} else if (cmp > 0) {
+			if (cb(cbref, NULL, w2i))
+				return GIT_EUSER;
+			j++;
+		} else {
+			if (cb(cbref, i2h, w2i))
+				return GIT_EUSER;
+			i++; j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/diff_output.h b/src/diff_output.h
index 5fed1d998..f74dd3a71 100644
--- a/src/diff_output.h
+++ b/src/diff_output.h
@@ -83,4 +83,10 @@ typedef struct {
 	uint32_t diffed   : 1;
 } diff_delta_context;
 
+extern int git_diff__paired_foreach(
+	git_diff_list *idx2head,
+	git_diff_list *wd2idx,
+	int (*cb)(void *cbref, git_diff_delta *i2h, git_diff_delta *w2i),
+	void *cbref);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/fileops.c b/src/fileops.c
index 2aceb112a..5eebc5057 100644
--- a/src/fileops.c
+++ b/src/fileops.c
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 int git_futils_mkpath2file(const char *file_path, const mode_t mode)
 {
 	return git_futils_mkdir(
-		file_path, NULL, mode, GIT_MKDIR_PATH | GIT_MKDIR_SKIP_LAST);
+		file_path, NULL, mode,
+		GIT_MKDIR_PATH | GIT_MKDIR_SKIP_LAST | GIT_MKDIR_VERIFY_DIR);
 }
 
 int git_futils_mktmp(git_buf *path_out, const char *filename)
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@ int git_futils_mkdir(
 	mode_t mode,
 	uint32_t flags)
 {
+	int error = -1;
 	git_buf make_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 	ssize_t root = 0;
 	char lastch, *tail;
@@ -297,12 +299,28 @@ int git_futils_mkdir(
 		*tail = '\0';
 
 		/* make directory */
-		if (p_mkdir(make_path.ptr, mode) < 0 &&
-			(errno != EEXIST || (flags & GIT_MKDIR_EXCL) != 0))
-		{
-			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to make directory '%s'",
-				make_path.ptr);
-			goto fail;
+		if (p_mkdir(make_path.ptr, mode) < 0) {
+			if (errno == EEXIST) {
+				if (!lastch && (flags & GIT_MKDIR_VERIFY_DIR) != 0) {
+					if (!git_path_isdir(make_path.ptr)) {
+						giterr_set(
+							GITERR_OS, "Existing path is not a directory '%s'",
+							make_path.ptr);
+						error = GIT_ENOTFOUND;
+						goto fail;
+					}
+				}
+				if ((flags & GIT_MKDIR_EXCL) != 0) {
+					giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Directory already exists '%s'",
+						make_path.ptr);
+					error = GIT_EEXISTS;
+					goto fail;
+				}
+			} else {
+				giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Failed to make directory '%s'",
+					make_path.ptr);
+				goto fail;
+			}
 		}
 
 		/* chmod if requested */
@@ -324,7 +342,7 @@ int git_futils_mkdir(
 
 fail:
 	git_buf_free(&make_path);
-	return -1;
+	return error;
 }
 
 int git_futils_mkdir_r(const char *path, const char *base, const mode_t mode)
@@ -332,57 +350,145 @@ int git_futils_mkdir_r(const char *path, const char *base, const mode_t mode)
 	return git_futils_mkdir(path, base, mode, GIT_MKDIR_PATH);
 }
 
-static int _rmdir_recurs_foreach(void *opaque, git_buf *path)
+typedef struct {
+	const char *base;
+	uint32_t flags;
+	int error;
+} futils__rmdir_data;
+
+static int futils__error_cannot_rmdir(const char *path, const char *filemsg)
 {
-	git_directory_removal_type removal_type = *(git_directory_removal_type *)opaque;
+	if (filemsg)
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not remove directory. File '%s' %s",
+				   path, filemsg);
+	else
+		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not remove directory '%s'", path);
 
-	if (git_path_isdir(path->ptr) == true) {
-		if (git_path_direach(path, _rmdir_recurs_foreach, opaque) < 0)
-			return -1;
+	return -1;
+}
 
-		if (p_rmdir(path->ptr) < 0) {
-			if (removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS && (errno == ENOTEMPTY || errno == EEXIST))
-				return 0;
+static int futils__rm_first_parent(git_buf *path, const char *ceiling)
+{
+	int error = GIT_ENOTFOUND;
+	struct stat st;
 
-			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not remove directory '%s'", path->ptr);
-			return -1;
-		}
+	while (error == GIT_ENOTFOUND) {
+		git_buf_rtruncate_at_char(path, '/');
+
+		if (!path->size || git__prefixcmp(path->ptr, ceiling) != 0)
+			error = 0;
+		else if (p_lstat(path->ptr, &st) == 0) {
+			if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+				error = p_unlink(path->ptr);
+			else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				error = -1; /* fail to remove non-regular file */
+		} else if (errno != ENOTDIR)
+			error = -1;
+	}
 
-		return 0;
+	if (error)
+		futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, "cannot remove parent");
+
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int futils__rmdir_recurs_foreach(void *opaque, git_buf *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	futils__rmdir_data *data = opaque;
+
+	if ((data->error = p_lstat(path->ptr, &st)) < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			data->error = 0;
+		else if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
+			/* asked to remove a/b/c/d/e and a/b is a normal file */
+			if ((data->flags & GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_BLOCKERS) != 0)
+				data->error = futils__rm_first_parent(path, data->base);
+			else
+				futils__error_cannot_rmdir(
+					path->ptr, "parent is not directory");
+		}
+		else
+			futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, "cannot access");
 	}
 
-	if (removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS) {
-		if (p_unlink(path->ptr) < 0) {
-			giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not remove directory.  File '%s' cannot be removed", path->ptr);
-			return -1;
+	else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+		int error = git_path_direach(path, futils__rmdir_recurs_foreach, data);
+		if (error < 0)
+			return (error == GIT_EUSER) ? data->error : error;
+
+		data->error = p_rmdir(path->ptr);
+
+		if (data->error < 0) {
+			if ((data->flags & GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY) != 0 &&
+				(errno == ENOTEMPTY || errno == EEXIST))
+				data->error = 0;
+			else
+				futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, NULL);
 		}
+	}
 
-		return 0;
+	else if ((data->flags & GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES) != 0) {
+		data->error = p_unlink(path->ptr);
+
+		if (data->error < 0)
+			futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, "cannot be removed");
 	}
 
-	if (removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY) {
-		giterr_set(GITERR_OS, "Could not remove directory. File '%s' still present", path->ptr);
-		return -1;
+	else if ((data->flags & GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY) == 0)
+		data->error = futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, "still present");
+
+	return data->error;
+}
+
+static int futils__rmdir_empty_parent(void *opaque, git_buf *path)
+{
+	int error = p_rmdir(path->ptr);
+
+	GIT_UNUSED(opaque);
+
+	if (error) {
+		int en = errno;
+
+		if (en == ENOENT || en == ENOTDIR) {
+			giterr_clear();
+			error = 0;
+		} else if (en == ENOTEMPTY || en == EEXIST) {
+			giterr_clear();
+			error = GIT_ITEROVER;
+		} else {
+			futils__error_cannot_rmdir(path->ptr, NULL);
+		}
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return error;
 }
 
 int git_futils_rmdir_r(
-	const char *path, const char *base, git_directory_removal_type removal_type)
+	const char *path, const char *base, uint32_t flags)
 {
 	int error;
 	git_buf fullpath = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-
-	assert(removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY
-		|| removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS
-		|| removal_type == GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS);
+	futils__rmdir_data data;
 
 	/* build path and find "root" where we should start calling mkdir */
 	if (git_path_join_unrooted(&fullpath, path, base, NULL) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	error = _rmdir_recurs_foreach(&removal_type, &fullpath);
+	data.base  = base ? base : "";
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.error = 0;
+
+	error = futils__rmdir_recurs_foreach(&data, &fullpath);
+
+	/* remove now-empty parents if requested */
+	if (!error && (flags & GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_PARENTS) != 0) {
+		error = git_path_walk_up(
+			&fullpath, base, futils__rmdir_empty_parent, &data);
+
+		if (error == GIT_ITEROVER)
+			error = 0;
+	}
 
 	git_buf_free(&fullpath);
 
diff --git a/src/fileops.h b/src/fileops.h
index 25e62c504..a74f8b758 100644
--- a/src/fileops.h
+++ b/src/fileops.h
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ extern int git_futils_mkdir_r(const char *path, const char *base, const mode_t m
  * * GIT_MKDIR_CHMOD says to chmod the final directory entry after creation
  * * GIT_MKDIR_CHMOD_PATH says to chmod each directory component in the path
  * * GIT_MKDIR_SKIP_LAST says to leave off the last element of the path
+ * * GIT_MKDIR_VERIFY_DIR says confirm final item is a dir, not just EEXIST
  *
  * Note that the chmod options will be executed even if the directory already
  * exists, unless GIT_MKDIR_EXCL is given.
@@ -74,7 +75,8 @@ typedef enum {
 	GIT_MKDIR_PATH = 2,
 	GIT_MKDIR_CHMOD = 4,
 	GIT_MKDIR_CHMOD_PATH = 8,
-	GIT_MKDIR_SKIP_LAST = 16
+	GIT_MKDIR_SKIP_LAST = 16,
+	GIT_MKDIR_VERIFY_DIR = 32,
 } git_futils_mkdir_flags;
 
 /**
@@ -98,27 +100,40 @@ extern int git_futils_mkdir(const char *path, const char *base, mode_t mode, uin
  */
 extern int git_futils_mkpath2file(const char *path, const mode_t mode);
 
+/**
+ * Flags to pass to `git_futils_rmdir_r`.
+ *
+ * * GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY - the default; remove hierarchy of empty
+ *       dirs and generate error if any files are found.
+ * * GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES    - attempt to remove files in the hierarchy.
+ * * GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY   - skip non-empty directories with no error.
+ * * GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_PARENTS   - remove containing directories up to base
+ *       if removing this item leaves them empty
+ * * GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_BLOCKERS - remove blocking file that causes ENOTDIR
+ *
+ * The old values translate into the new as follows:
+ *
+ * * GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY == GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY
+ * * GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS  ~= GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES
+ * * GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS == GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY
+ */
 typedef enum {
-	GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY = 0,
-	GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS = 1,
-	GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS = 2,
-} git_directory_removal_type;
+	GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY = 0,
+	GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES    = (1 << 0),
+	GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY   = (1 << 1),
+	GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_PARENTS   = (1 << 2),
+	GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_BLOCKERS = (1 << 3),
+} git_futils_rmdir_flags;
 
 /**
  * Remove path and any files and directories beneath it.
  *
  * @param path Path to to top level directory to process.
  * @param base Root for relative path.
- * @param removal_type GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY to remove a hierarchy
- *                     of empty directories (will fail if any file is found),
- *                     GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS to remove a hierarchy of
- *                     files and folders,
- *                     GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS to only remove empty
- *                     directories (no failure on file encounter).
- *
+ * @param flags Combination of git_futils_rmdir_flags values
  * @return 0 on success; -1 on error.
  */
-extern int git_futils_rmdir_r(const char *path, const char *base, git_directory_removal_type removal_type);
+extern int git_futils_rmdir_r(const char *path, const char *base, uint32_t flags);
 
 /**
  * Create and open a temporary file with a `_git2_` suffix.
diff --git a/src/index.c b/src/index.c
index 06bbcacee..5a3532926 100644
--- a/src/index.c
+++ b/src/index.c
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "tree-cache.h"
 #include "hash.h"
+#include "iterator.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "git2/odb.h"
 #include "git2/oid.h"
 #include "git2/blob.h"
@@ -403,7 +405,7 @@ int git_index_read(git_index *index)
 {
 	int error = 0, updated;
 	git_buf buffer = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-	git_futils_filestamp stamp;
+	git_futils_filestamp stamp = {0};
 
 	if (!index->index_file_path)
 		return create_index_error(-1,
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ git_index_entry *git_index_get_bypath(git_index *index, const char *path, int st
 	return git_index_get_byindex(index, pos);
 }
 
-void git_index__init_entry_from_stat(struct stat *st, git_index_entry *entry)
+void git_index_entry__init_from_stat(git_index_entry *entry, struct stat *st)
 {
 	entry->ctime.seconds = (git_time_t)st->st_ctime;
 	entry->mtime.seconds = (git_time_t)st->st_mtime;
@@ -527,6 +529,22 @@ void git_index__init_entry_from_stat(struct stat *st, git_index_entry *entry)
 	entry->file_size = st->st_size;
 }
 
+int git_index_entry__cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const git_index_entry *entry_a = a;
+	const git_index_entry *entry_b = b;
+
+	return strcmp(entry_a->path, entry_b->path);
+}
+
+int git_index_entry__cmp_icase(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const git_index_entry *entry_a = a;
+	const git_index_entry *entry_b = b;
+
+	return strcasecmp(entry_a->path, entry_b->path);
+}
+
 static int index_entry_init(git_index_entry **entry_out, git_index *index, const char *rel_path)
 {
 	git_index_entry *entry = NULL;
@@ -568,7 +586,7 @@ static int index_entry_init(git_index_entry **entry_out, git_index *index, const
 	entry = git__calloc(1, sizeof(git_index_entry));
 	GITERR_CHECK_ALLOC(entry);
 
-	git_index__init_entry_from_stat(&st, entry);
+	git_index_entry__init_from_stat(entry, &st);
 
 	entry->oid = oid;
 	entry->path = git__strdup(rel_path);
@@ -1589,3 +1607,54 @@ git_repository *git_index_owner(const git_index *index)
 {
 	return INDEX_OWNER(index);
 }
+
+int git_index_read_tree_match(
+	git_index *index, git_tree *tree, git_strarray *strspec)
+{
+#if 0
+	git_iterator *iter = NULL;
+	const git_index_entry *entry;
+	char *pfx = NULL;
+	git_vector pathspec = GIT_VECTOR_INIT;
+	git_pool pathpool = GIT_POOL_INIT_STRINGPOOL;
+#endif
+
+	if (!git_pathspec_is_interesting(strspec))
+		return git_index_read_tree(index, tree);
+
+	return git_index_read_tree(index, tree);
+
+#if 0
+	/* The following loads the matches into the index, but doesn't
+	 * erase obsoleted entries (e.g. you load a blob at "a/b" which
+	 * should obsolete a blob at "a/b/c/d" since b is no longer a tree)
+	 */
+
+	if (git_pathspec_init(&pathspec, strspec, &pathpool) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	pfx = git_pathspec_prefix(strspec);
+
+	if ((error = git_iterator_for_tree_range(
+			 &iter, INDEX_OWNER(index), tree, pfx, pfx)) < 0 ||
+		(error = git_iterator_current(iter, &entry)) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	while (entry != NULL) {
+		if (git_pathspec_match_path(&pathspec, entry->path, false, false) &&
+			(error = git_index_add(index, entry)) < 0)
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		if ((error = git_iterator_advance(iter, &entry)) < 0)
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	git_iterator_free(iter);
+	git_pathspec_free(&pathspec);
+	git_pool_clear(&pathpool);
+	git__free(pfx);
+
+	return error;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/src/index.h b/src/index.h
index 86158eb84..f0dcd64d5 100644
--- a/src/index.h
+++ b/src/index.h
@@ -41,8 +41,14 @@ struct git_index {
 	git_vector_cmp reuc_search;
 };
 
-extern void git_index__init_entry_from_stat(struct stat *st, git_index_entry *entry);
+extern void git_index_entry__init_from_stat(git_index_entry *entry, struct stat *st);
 
 extern unsigned int git_index__prefix_position(git_index *index, const char *path);
 
+extern int git_index_entry__cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
+extern int git_index_entry__cmp_icase(const void *a, const void *b);
+
+extern int git_index_read_tree_match(
+	git_index *index, git_tree *tree, git_strarray *strspec);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/iterator.c b/src/iterator.c
index 5fac41046..33b775ce1 100644
--- a/src/iterator.c
+++ b/src/iterator.c
@@ -641,26 +641,23 @@ static int workdir_iterator__update_entry(workdir_iterator *wi)
 
 	wi->entry.path = ps->path;
 
-	/* skip over .git entry */
+	/* skip over .git entries */
 	if (STRCMP_CASESELECT(wi->base.ignore_case, ps->path, DOT_GIT "/") == 0 ||
 		STRCMP_CASESELECT(wi->base.ignore_case, ps->path, DOT_GIT) == 0)
 		return workdir_iterator__advance((git_iterator *)wi, NULL);
 
-	/* if there is an error processing the entry, treat as ignored */
-	wi->is_ignored = 1;
+	wi->is_ignored = -1;
 
-	git_index__init_entry_from_stat(&ps->st, &wi->entry);
+	git_index_entry__init_from_stat(&wi->entry, &ps->st);
 
 	/* need different mode here to keep directories during iteration */
 	wi->entry.mode = git_futils_canonical_mode(ps->st.st_mode);
 
 	/* if this is a file type we don't handle, treat as ignored */
-	if (wi->entry.mode == 0)
+	if (wi->entry.mode == 0) {
+		wi->is_ignored = 1;
 		return 0;
-
-	/* okay, we are far enough along to look up real ignore rule */
-	if (git_ignore__lookup(&wi->ignores, wi->entry.path, &wi->is_ignored) < 0)
-		return 0; /* if error, ignore it and ignore file */
+	}
 
 	/* detect submodules */
 	if (S_ISDIR(wi->entry.mode)) {
@@ -908,8 +905,18 @@ notfound:
 
 int git_iterator_current_is_ignored(git_iterator *iter)
 {
-	return (iter->type != GIT_ITERATOR_WORKDIR) ? 0 :
-		((workdir_iterator *)iter)->is_ignored;
+	workdir_iterator *wi = (workdir_iterator *)iter;
+
+	if (iter->type != GIT_ITERATOR_WORKDIR)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (wi->is_ignored != -1)
+		return wi->is_ignored;
+
+	if (git_ignore__lookup(&wi->ignores, wi->entry.path, &wi->is_ignored) < 0)
+		wi->is_ignored = 1;
+
+	return wi->is_ignored;
 }
 
 int git_iterator_advance_into_directory(
diff --git a/src/pack-objects.c b/src/pack-objects.c
index f75267629..a146dc048 100644
--- a/src/pack-objects.c
+++ b/src/pack-objects.c
@@ -73,16 +73,16 @@ static int packbuilder_config(git_packbuilder *pb)
 {
 	git_config *config;
 	int ret;
+	int64_t val;
 
 	if (git_repository_config__weakptr(&config, pb->repo) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-#define config_get(key, dst, default) \
-	ret = git_config_get_int64((int64_t *)&dst, config, key); \
-	if (ret == GIT_ENOTFOUND) \
-		dst = default; \
-	else if (ret < 0) \
-		return -1;
+#define config_get(KEY,DST,DFLT) do { \
+	ret = git_config_get_int64(&val, config, KEY); \
+	if (!ret) (DST) = val; \
+	else if (ret == GIT_ENOTFOUND) (DST) = (DFLT); \
+	else if (ret < 0) return -1; } while (0)
 
 	config_get("pack.deltaCacheSize", pb->max_delta_cache_size,
 		   GIT_PACK_DELTA_CACHE_SIZE);
diff --git a/src/path.c b/src/path.c
index 09556bd3f..98351bec3 100644
--- a/src/path.c
+++ b/src/path.c
@@ -382,9 +382,10 @@ int git_path_walk_up(
 	iter.asize = path->asize;
 
 	while (scan >= stop) {
-		if ((error = cb(data, &iter)) < 0)
-			break;
+		error = cb(data, &iter);
 		iter.ptr[scan] = oldc;
+		if (error < 0)
+			break;
 		scan = git_buf_rfind_next(&iter, '/');
 		if (scan >= 0) {
 			scan++;
diff --git a/src/pathspec.c b/src/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9632f5f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2012 the libgit2 contributors
+ *
+ * This file is part of libgit2, distributed under the GNU GPL v2 with
+ * a Linking Exception. For full terms see the included COPYING file.
+ */
+
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "attr_file.h"
+
+/* what is the common non-wildcard prefix for all items in the pathspec */
+char *git_pathspec_prefix(const git_strarray *pathspec)
+{
+	git_buf prefix = GIT_BUF_INIT;
+	const char *scan;
+
+	if (!pathspec || !pathspec->count ||
+		git_buf_common_prefix(&prefix, pathspec) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* diff prefix will only be leading non-wildcards */
+	for (scan = prefix.ptr; *scan; ++scan) {
+		if (git__iswildcard(*scan) &&
+			(scan == prefix.ptr || (*(scan - 1) != '\\')))
+			break;
+	}
+	git_buf_truncate(&prefix, scan - prefix.ptr);
+
+	if (prefix.size <= 0) {
+		git_buf_free(&prefix);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	git_buf_unescape(&prefix);
+
+	return git_buf_detach(&prefix);
+}
+
+/* is there anything in the spec that needs to be filtered on */
+bool git_pathspec_is_interesting(const git_strarray *pathspec)
+{
+	const char *str;
+
+	if (pathspec == NULL || pathspec->count == 0)
+		return false;
+	if (pathspec->count > 1)
+		return true;
+
+	str = pathspec->strings[0];
+	if (!str || !str[0] || (!str[1] && (str[0] == '*' || str[0] == '.')))
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* build a vector of fnmatch patterns to evaluate efficiently */
+int git_pathspec_init(
+	git_vector *vspec, const git_strarray *strspec, git_pool *strpool)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	memset(vspec, 0, sizeof(*vspec));
+
+	if (!git_pathspec_is_interesting(strspec))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (git_vector_init(vspec, strspec->count, NULL) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < strspec->count; ++i) {
+		int ret;
+		const char *pattern = strspec->strings[i];
+		git_attr_fnmatch *match = git__calloc(1, sizeof(git_attr_fnmatch));
+		if (!match)
+			return -1;
+
+		match->flags = GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_ALLOWSPACE;
+
+		ret = git_attr_fnmatch__parse(match, strpool, NULL, &pattern);
+		if (ret == GIT_ENOTFOUND) {
+			git__free(match);
+			continue;
+		} else if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		if (git_vector_insert(vspec, match) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* free data from the pathspec vector */
+void git_pathspec_free(git_vector *vspec)
+{
+	git_attr_fnmatch *match;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	git_vector_foreach(vspec, i, match) {
+		git__free(match);
+		vspec->contents[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	git_vector_free(vspec);
+}
+
+/* match a path against the vectorized pathspec */
+bool git_pathspec_match_path(
+	git_vector *vspec, const char *path, bool disable_fnmatch, bool casefold)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	git_attr_fnmatch *match;
+	int fnmatch_flags = 0;
+	int (*use_strcmp)(const char *, const char *);
+	int (*use_strncmp)(const char *, const char *, size_t);
+
+	if (!vspec || !vspec->length)
+		return true;
+
+	if (disable_fnmatch)
+		fnmatch_flags = -1;
+	else if (casefold)
+		fnmatch_flags = FNM_CASEFOLD;
+
+	if (casefold) {
+		use_strcmp  = strcasecmp;
+		use_strncmp = strncasecmp;
+	} else {
+		use_strcmp  = strcmp;
+		use_strncmp = strncmp;
+	}
+
+	git_vector_foreach(vspec, i, match) {
+		int result = use_strcmp(match->pattern, path) ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0;
+
+		if (fnmatch_flags >= 0 && result == FNM_NOMATCH)
+			result = p_fnmatch(match->pattern, path, fnmatch_flags);
+
+		/* if we didn't match, look for exact dirname prefix match */
+		if (result == FNM_NOMATCH &&
+			(match->flags & GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_HASWILD) == 0 &&
+			use_strncmp(path, match->pattern, match->length) == 0 &&
+			path[match->length] == '/')
+			result = 0;
+
+		if (result == 0)
+			return (match->flags & GIT_ATTR_FNMATCH_NEGATIVE) ? false : true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pathspec.h b/src/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31a1cdad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 the libgit2 contributors
+ *
+ * This file is part of libgit2, distributed under the GNU GPL v2 with
+ * a Linking Exception. For full terms see the included COPYING file.
+ */
+#ifndef INCLUDE_pathspec_h__
+#define INCLUDE_pathspec_h__
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "vector.h"
+#include "pool.h"
+
+/* what is the common non-wildcard prefix for all items in the pathspec */
+extern char *git_pathspec_prefix(const git_strarray *pathspec);
+
+/* is there anything in the spec that needs to be filtered on */
+extern bool git_pathspec_is_interesting(const git_strarray *pathspec);
+
+/* build a vector of fnmatch patterns to evaluate efficiently */
+extern int git_pathspec_init(
+	git_vector *vspec, const git_strarray *strspec, git_pool *strpool);
+
+/* free data from the pathspec vector */
+extern void git_pathspec_free(git_vector *vspec);
+
+/* match a path against the vectorized pathspec */
+extern bool git_pathspec_match_path(
+	git_vector *vspec, const char *path, bool disable_fnmatch, bool casefold);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/reflog.c b/src/reflog.c
index 5d1465eca..0e333aa6f 100644
--- a/src/reflog.c
+++ b/src/reflog.c
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ int git_reflog_rename(git_reference *ref, const char *new_name)
 		goto cleanup;
 
 	if (git_path_isdir(git_buf_cstr(&new_path)) && 
-		(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&new_path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS) < 0))
+		(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&new_path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY) < 0))
 		goto cleanup;
 
 	if (git_futils_mkpath2file(git_buf_cstr(&new_path), GIT_REFLOG_DIR_MODE) < 0)
diff --git a/src/refs.c b/src/refs.c
index bbf30ed9e..97c97563e 100644
--- a/src/refs.c
+++ b/src/refs.c
@@ -274,18 +274,15 @@ static int loose_write(git_reference *ref)
 	git_buf ref_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	if (git_buf_joinpath(&ref_path, ref->owner->path_repository, ref->name) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
 	/* Remove a possibly existing empty directory hierarchy
 	 * which name would collide with the reference name
 	 */
-	if (git_path_isdir(git_buf_cstr(&ref_path)) &&
-		git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&ref_path), NULL,
-			GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS) < 0) {
-		git_buf_free(&ref_path);
+	if (git_futils_rmdir_r(ref->name, ref->owner->path_repository,
+		GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (git_buf_joinpath(&ref_path, ref->owner->path_repository, ref->name) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	}
 
 	if (git_filebuf_open(&file, ref_path.ptr, GIT_FILEBUF_FORCE) < 0) {
 		git_buf_free(&ref_path);
diff --git a/src/reset.c b/src/reset.c
index 7df1c1a57..69a9c4f04 100644
--- a/src/reset.c
+++ b/src/reset.c
@@ -137,10 +137,7 @@ int git_reset(
 	}
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	opts.checkout_strategy =
-		GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING
-		| GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED
-		| GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED;
+	opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_FORCE;
 
 	if (git_checkout_index(repo, &opts) < 0) {
 		giterr_set(GITERR_INDEX, "%s - Failed to checkout the index.", ERROR_MSG);
diff --git a/src/stash.c b/src/stash.c
index 1d6940e3c..7bff466d1 100644
--- a/src/stash.c
+++ b/src/stash.c
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ static int reset_index_and_workdir(
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(git_checkout_opts));
 
-	opts.checkout_strategy = 
-		GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING | GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED;
+	opts.checkout_strategy =
+		GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED | GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_UNTRACKED;
 
 	if (remove_untracked)
 		opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED;
diff --git a/src/status.c b/src/status.c
index 2d022bfda..0bd170e6d 100644
--- a/src/status.c
+++ b/src/status.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "git2/diff.h"
 #include "diff.h"
+#include "diff_output.h"
 
 static unsigned int index_delta2status(git_delta_t index_status)
 {
@@ -76,21 +77,43 @@ static unsigned int workdir_delta2status(git_delta_t workdir_status)
 	return st;
 }
 
+typedef struct {
+	int (*cb)(const char *, unsigned int, void *);
+	void *cbdata;
+} status_user_callback;
+
+static int status_invoke_cb(
+	void *cbref, git_diff_delta *i2h, git_diff_delta *w2i)
+{
+	status_user_callback *usercb = cbref;
+	const char *path = NULL;
+	unsigned int status = 0;
+
+	if (w2i) {
+		path = w2i->old_file.path;
+		status |= workdir_delta2status(w2i->status);
+	}
+	if (i2h) {
+		path = i2h->old_file.path;
+		status |= index_delta2status(i2h->status);
+	}
+
+	return usercb->cb(path, status, usercb->cbdata);
+}
+
 int git_status_foreach_ext(
 	git_repository *repo,
 	const git_status_options *opts,
 	int (*cb)(const char *, unsigned int, void *),
 	void *cbdata)
 {
-	int err = 0, cmp;
+	int err = 0;
 	git_diff_options diffopt;
 	git_diff_list *idx2head = NULL, *wd2idx = NULL;
 	git_tree *head = NULL;
 	git_status_show_t show =
 		opts ? opts->show : GIT_STATUS_SHOW_INDEX_AND_WORKDIR;
-	git_diff_delta *i2h, *w2i;
-	size_t i, j, i_max, j_max;
-	bool ignore_case = false;
+	status_user_callback usercb;
 
 	assert(show <= GIT_STATUS_SHOW_INDEX_THEN_WORKDIR);
 
@@ -126,55 +149,19 @@ int git_status_foreach_ext(
 		(err = git_diff_workdir_to_index(repo, &diffopt, &wd2idx)) < 0)
 		goto cleanup;
 
+	usercb.cb = cb;
+	usercb.cbdata = cbdata;
+
 	if (show == GIT_STATUS_SHOW_INDEX_THEN_WORKDIR) {
-		for (i = 0; !err && i < idx2head->deltas.length; i++) {
-			i2h = GIT_VECTOR_GET(&idx2head->deltas, i);
-			if (cb(i2h->old_file.path, index_delta2status(i2h->status), cbdata))
-				err = GIT_EUSER;
-		}
+		if ((err = git_diff__paired_foreach(
+				 idx2head, NULL, status_invoke_cb, &usercb)) < 0)
+			goto cleanup;
+
 		git_diff_list_free(idx2head);
 		idx2head = NULL;
 	}
 
-	i_max = idx2head ? idx2head->deltas.length : 0;
-	j_max = wd2idx   ? wd2idx->deltas.length   : 0;
-
-	if (idx2head && wd2idx &&
-		(0 != (idx2head->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) ||
-		 0 != (wd2idx->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE)))
-	{
-		/* Then use the ignore-case sorter... */
-		ignore_case = true;
-
-		/* and assert that both are ignore-case sorted. If this function
-		 * ever needs to support merge joining result sets that are not sorted
-		 * by the same function, then it will need to be extended to do a spool
-		 * and sort on one of the results before merge joining */
-		assert(0 != (idx2head->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE) &&
-			0 != (wd2idx->opts.flags & GIT_DIFF_DELTAS_ARE_ICASE));
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0, j = 0; !err && (i < i_max || j < j_max); ) {
-		i2h = idx2head ? GIT_VECTOR_GET(&idx2head->deltas,i) : NULL;
-		w2i = wd2idx   ? GIT_VECTOR_GET(&wd2idx->deltas,j)   : NULL;
-
-		cmp = !w2i ? -1 : !i2h ? 1 : STRCMP_CASESELECT(ignore_case, i2h->old_file.path, w2i->old_file.path);
-
-		if (cmp < 0) {
-			if (cb(i2h->old_file.path, index_delta2status(i2h->status), cbdata))
-				err = GIT_EUSER;
-			i++;
-		} else if (cmp > 0) {
-			if (cb(w2i->old_file.path, workdir_delta2status(w2i->status), cbdata))
-				err = GIT_EUSER;
-			j++;
-		} else {
-			if (cb(i2h->old_file.path, index_delta2status(i2h->status) |
-				   workdir_delta2status(w2i->status), cbdata))
-				err = GIT_EUSER;
-			i++; j++;
-		}
-	}
+	err = git_diff__paired_foreach(idx2head, wd2idx, status_invoke_cb, &usercb);
 
 cleanup:
 	git_tree_free(head);
diff --git a/src/submodule.c b/src/submodule.c
index d69559dc2..1364b6881 100644
--- a/src/submodule.c
+++ b/src/submodule.c
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ int git_submodule_add_to_index(git_submodule *sm, int write_index)
 
 	memset(&entry, 0, sizeof(entry));
 	entry.path = sm->path;
-	git_index__init_entry_from_stat(&st, &entry);
+	git_index_entry__init_from_stat(&entry, &st);
 
 	/* calling git_submodule_open will have set sm->wd_oid if possible */
 	if ((sm->flags & GIT_SUBMODULE_STATUS__WD_OID_VALID) == 0) {
diff --git a/src/transports/http.c b/src/transports/http.c
index 113c7edda..66cad619b 100644
--- a/src/transports/http.c
+++ b/src/transports/http.c
@@ -628,6 +628,8 @@ int git_smart_subtransport_http(git_smart_subtransport **out,
 {
 	http_subtransport *t;
 
+	(void)flags;
+
 	if (!out)
 		return -1;
 
diff --git a/src/util.h b/src/util.h
index 3d00e9c85..23d4bc6e9 100644
--- a/src/util.h
+++ b/src/util.h
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ extern int git__prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 extern int git__prefixcmp_icase(const char *str, const char *prefix);
 extern int git__suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
 
+GIT_INLINE(int) git__signum(int val)
+{
+	return ((val > 0) - (val < 0));
+}
+
 extern int git__strtol32(int32_t *n, const char *buff, const char **end_buf, int base);
 extern int git__strtol64(int64_t *n, const char *buff, const char **end_buf, int base);
 
diff --git a/tests-clar/checkout/index.c b/tests-clar/checkout/index.c
index 89bc1da15..72044d01c 100644
--- a/tests-clar/checkout/index.c
+++ b/tests-clar/checkout/index.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void test_checkout_index__initialize(void)
 	git_tree *tree;
 
 	memset(&g_opts, 0, sizeof(g_opts));
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE;
 
 	g_repo = cl_git_sandbox_init("testrepo");
 
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ void test_checkout_index__can_create_missing_files(void)
 	cl_assert_equal_i(false, git_path_isfile("./testrepo/branch_file.txt"));
 	cl_assert_equal_i(false, git_path_isfile("./testrepo/new.txt"));
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 
 	test_file_contents("./testrepo/README", "hey there\n");
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ void test_checkout_index__can_remove_untracked_files(void)
 
 	cl_assert_equal_i(true, git_path_isdir("./testrepo/dir/subdir/subsubdir"));
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED;
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 
 	cl_assert_equal_i(false, git_path_isdir("./testrepo/dir"));
@@ -203,7 +202,11 @@ void test_checkout_index__donot_overwrite_modified_file_by_default(void)
 {
 	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/new.txt", "This isn't what's stored!");
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = 0;
+	/* set this up to not return an error code on conflicts, but it
+	 * still will not have permission to overwrite anything...
+	 */
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS;
+
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 
 	test_file_contents("./testrepo/new.txt", "This isn't what's stored!");
@@ -213,7 +216,8 @@ void test_checkout_index__can_overwrite_modified_file(void)
 {
 	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/new.txt", "This isn't what's stored!");
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED;
+
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 
 	test_file_contents("./testrepo/new.txt", "my new file\n");
@@ -282,28 +286,30 @@ void test_checkout_index__options_open_flags(void)
 
 	g_opts.file_open_flags = O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_APPEND;
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_UPDATE_MODIFIED;
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 
 	test_file_contents("./testrepo/new.txt", "hi\nmy new file\n");
 }
 
-struct notify_data {
+struct conflict_data {
 	const char *file;
 	const char *sha;
 };
 
-static int notify_cb(
-	const char *skipped_file,
+static int conflict_cb(
+	const char *conflict_file,
 	const git_oid *blob_oid,
-	int file_mode,
+	unsigned int index_mode,
+	unsigned int wd_mode,
 	void *payload)
 {
-	struct notify_data *expectations = (struct notify_data *)payload;
+	struct conflict_data *expectations = (struct conflict_data *)payload;
 
-	GIT_UNUSED(file_mode);
+	GIT_UNUSED(index_mode);
+	GIT_UNUSED(wd_mode);
 
-	cl_assert_equal_s(expectations->file, skipped_file);
+	cl_assert_equal_s(expectations->file, conflict_file);
 	cl_assert_equal_i(0, git_oid_streq(blob_oid, expectations->sha));
 
 	return 0;
@@ -311,7 +317,7 @@ static int notify_cb(
 
 void test_checkout_index__can_notify_of_skipped_files(void)
 {
-	struct notify_data data;
+	struct conflict_data data;
 
 	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/new.txt", "This isn't what's stored!");
 
@@ -324,22 +330,24 @@ void test_checkout_index__can_notify_of_skipped_files(void)
 	data.file = "new.txt";
 	data.sha = "a71586c1dfe8a71c6cbf6c129f404c5642ff31bd";
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
-	g_opts.skipped_notify_cb = notify_cb;
-	g_opts.notify_payload = &data;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS;
+	g_opts.conflict_cb = conflict_cb;
+	g_opts.conflict_payload = &data;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 }
 
-static int dont_notify_cb(
-	const char *skipped_file,
+static int dont_conflict_cb(
+	const char *conflict_file,
 	const git_oid *blob_oid,
-	int file_mode,
+	unsigned int index_mode,
+	unsigned int wd_mode,
 	void *payload)
 {
-	GIT_UNUSED(skipped_file);
+	GIT_UNUSED(conflict_file);
 	GIT_UNUSED(blob_oid);
-	GIT_UNUSED(file_mode);
+	GIT_UNUSED(index_mode);
+	GIT_UNUSED(wd_mode);
 	GIT_UNUSED(payload);
 
 	cl_assert(false);
@@ -351,12 +359,12 @@ void test_checkout_index__wont_notify_of_expected_line_ending_changes(void)
 {
 	cl_git_pass(p_unlink("./testrepo/.gitattributes"));
 	set_core_autocrlf_to(true);
-	
+
 	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/new.txt", "my new file\r\n");
 
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
-	g_opts.skipped_notify_cb = dont_notify_cb;
-	g_opts.notify_payload = NULL;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy |= GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS;
+	g_opts.conflict_cb = dont_conflict_cb;
+	g_opts.conflict_payload = NULL;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 }
@@ -377,3 +385,44 @@ void test_checkout_index__calls_progress_callback(void)
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
 	cl_assert_equal_i(was_called, true);
 }
+
+void test_checkout_index__can_overcome_name_clashes(void)
+{
+	git_index *index;
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_repository_index(&index, g_repo));
+	git_index_clear(index);
+
+	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/path0", "content\r\n");
+	cl_git_pass(p_mkdir("./testrepo/path1", 0777));
+	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/path1/file1", "content\r\n");
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_add_from_workdir(index, "path0"));
+	cl_git_pass(git_index_add_from_workdir(index, "path1/file1"));
+
+
+	cl_git_pass(p_unlink("./testrepo/path0"));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(
+		"./testrepo/path1", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
+
+	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/path1", "content\r\n");
+	cl_git_pass(p_mkdir("./testrepo/path0", 0777));
+	cl_git_mkfile("./testrepo/path0/file0", "content\r\n");
+
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path1"));
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path0/file0"));
+
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE | GIT_CHECKOUT_ALLOW_CONFLICTS;
+	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
+
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path1"));
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path0/file0"));
+
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_FORCE;
+	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_index(g_repo, &g_opts));
+
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path0"));
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile("./testrepo/path1/file1"));
+
+	git_index_free(index);
+}
diff --git a/tests-clar/checkout/tree.c b/tests-clar/checkout/tree.c
index c42aefc31..983425324 100644
--- a/tests-clar/checkout/tree.c
+++ b/tests-clar/checkout/tree.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ void test_checkout_tree__initialize(void)
 	g_repo = cl_git_sandbox_init("testrepo");
 
 	memset(&g_opts, 0, sizeof(g_opts));
-	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
+	g_opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE;
 }
 
 void test_checkout_tree__cleanup(void)
@@ -74,10 +74,13 @@ static void progress(const char *path, size_t cur, size_t tot, void *payload)
 void test_checkout_tree__calls_progress_callback(void)
 {
 	bool was_called = 0;
+
 	g_opts.progress_cb = progress;
 	g_opts.progress_payload = &was_called;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_revparse_single(&g_object, g_repo, "master"));
+
 	cl_git_pass(git_checkout_tree(g_repo, g_object, &g_opts));
+
 	cl_assert_equal_i(was_called, true);
 }
diff --git a/tests-clar/checkout/typechange.c b/tests-clar/checkout/typechange.c
index e86af52ee..cd34885de 100644
--- a/tests-clar/checkout/typechange.c
+++ b/tests-clar/checkout/typechange.c
@@ -40,10 +40,12 @@ void test_checkout_typechange__checkout_typechanges(void)
 	git_object *obj;
 	git_checkout_opts opts = {0};
 
-	opts.checkout_strategy =
-		GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED |
-		GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING |
-		GIT_CHECKOUT_OVERWRITE_MODIFIED;
+	opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_FORCE;
+
+	/* if you don't include GIT_CHECKOUT_REMOVE_UNTRACKED then on the final
+	 * checkout which is supposed to remove all the files, we will not
+	 * actually remove them!
+	 */
 
 	for (i = 0; g_typechange_oids[i] != NULL; ++i) {
 		cl_git_pass(git_revparse_single(&obj, g_repo, g_typechange_oids[i]));
@@ -51,6 +53,9 @@ void test_checkout_typechange__checkout_typechanges(void)
 
 		cl_git_pass(git_checkout_tree(g_repo, obj, &opts));
 
+		cl_git_pass(
+			git_repository_set_head_detached(g_repo, git_object_id(obj)));
+
 		git_object_free(obj);
 
 		if (!g_typechange_empty[i]) {
diff --git a/tests-clar/clone/network.c b/tests-clar/clone/network.c
index 19385f77a..1304f7728 100644
--- a/tests-clar/clone/network.c
+++ b/tests-clar/clone/network.c
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void test_clone_network__can_checkout_a_cloned_repo(void)
 	bool checkout_progress_cb_was_called = false,
 		  fetch_progress_cb_was_called = false;
 
-	opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_CREATE_MISSING;
+	opts.checkout_strategy = GIT_CHECKOUT_SAFE;
 	opts.progress_cb = &checkout_progress;
 	opts.progress_payload = &checkout_progress_cb_was_called;
 
diff --git a/tests-clar/core/copy.c b/tests-clar/core/copy.c
index d0b21f6ec..c0c59c056 100644
--- a/tests-clar/core/copy.c
+++ b/tests-clar/core/copy.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void test_core_copy__file_in_dir(void)
 	cl_assert(S_ISREG(st.st_mode));
 	cl_assert(strlen(content) == (size_t)st.st_size);
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("an_dir", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("an_dir", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	cl_assert(!git_path_isdir("an_dir"));
 }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void test_core_copy__tree(void)
 	cl_assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
 #endif
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("t1", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("t1", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	cl_assert(!git_path_isdir("t1"));
 
 	/* copy with empty dirs, no links, yes dotfiles, no overwrite */
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ void test_core_copy__tree(void)
 	cl_git_fail(git_path_lstat("t2/c/d/l1", &st));
 #endif
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("t2", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("t2", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	cl_assert(!git_path_isdir("t2"));
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("src", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("src", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
diff --git a/tests-clar/core/mkdir.c b/tests-clar/core/mkdir.c
index e5dc6654b..1e50b4336 100644
--- a/tests-clar/core/mkdir.c
+++ b/tests-clar/core/mkdir.c
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
 static void cleanup_basic_dirs(void *ref)
 {
 	GIT_UNUSED(ref);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("d0", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("d1", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("d2", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("d3", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("d4", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("d0", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("d1", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("d2", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("d3", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("d4", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
 }
 
 void test_core_mkdir__basic(void)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void test_core_mkdir__basic(void)
 static void cleanup_basedir(void *ref)
 {
 	GIT_UNUSED(ref);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("base", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("base", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
 }
 
 void test_core_mkdir__with_base(void)
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ static void cleanup_chmod_root(void *ref)
 		git__free(mode);
 	}
 
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("r", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("r", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY);
 }
 
 static void check_mode(mode_t expected, mode_t actual)
diff --git a/tests-clar/core/rmdir.c b/tests-clar/core/rmdir.c
index 9ada8f426..f0b0bfa42 100644
--- a/tests-clar/core/rmdir.c
+++ b/tests-clar/core/rmdir.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void test_core_rmdir__initialize(void)
 /* make sure empty dir can be deleted recusively */
 void test_core_rmdir__delete_recursive(void)
 {
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
 }
 
 /* make sure non-empty dir cannot be deleted recusively */
@@ -42,15 +42,15 @@ void test_core_rmdir__fail_to_delete_non_empty_dir(void)
 
 	cl_git_mkfile(git_buf_cstr(&file), "dummy");
 
-	cl_git_fail(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
+	cl_git_fail(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
 
 	cl_must_pass(p_unlink(file.ptr));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
 
 	git_buf_free(&file);
 }
 
-void test_core_rmdir__can_skip__non_empty_dir(void)
+void test_core_rmdir__can_skip_non_empty_dir(void)
 {
 	git_buf file = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 
@@ -58,11 +58,41 @@ void test_core_rmdir__can_skip__non_empty_dir(void)
 
 	cl_git_mkfile(git_buf_cstr(&file), "dummy");
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_ONLY_EMPTY_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_SKIP_NONEMPTY));
 	cl_assert(git_path_exists(git_buf_cstr(&file)) == true);
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	cl_assert(git_path_exists(empty_tmp_dir) == false);
 
 	git_buf_free(&file);
 }
+
+void test_core_rmdir__can_remove_empty_parents(void)
+{
+	git_buf file = GIT_BUF_INIT;
+
+	cl_git_pass(
+		git_buf_joinpath(&file, empty_tmp_dir, "/one/two_two/three/file.txt"));
+	cl_git_mkfile(git_buf_cstr(&file), "dummy");
+	cl_assert(git_path_isfile(git_buf_cstr(&file)));
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("one/two_two/three/file.txt", empty_tmp_dir,
+		GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES | GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_PARENTS));
+
+	cl_assert(!git_path_exists(git_buf_cstr(&file)));
+
+	git_buf_rtruncate_at_char(&file, '/'); /* three (only contained file.txt) */
+	cl_assert(!git_path_exists(git_buf_cstr(&file)));
+
+	git_buf_rtruncate_at_char(&file, '/'); /* two_two (only contained three) */
+	cl_assert(!git_path_exists(git_buf_cstr(&file)));
+
+	git_buf_rtruncate_at_char(&file, '/'); /* one (contained two_one also) */
+	cl_assert(git_path_exists(git_buf_cstr(&file)));
+
+	cl_assert(git_path_exists(empty_tmp_dir) == true);
+
+	git_buf_free(&file);
+
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(empty_tmp_dir, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_EMPTY_HIERARCHY));
+}
diff --git a/tests-clar/object/blob/write.c b/tests-clar/object/blob/write.c
index 87a9e2072..6d4cbab4f 100644
--- a/tests-clar/object/blob/write.c
+++ b/tests-clar/object/blob/write.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void test_object_blob_write__can_create_a_blob_in_a_standard_repo_from_a_absolut
 	assert_blob_creation(ELSEWHERE "/test.txt", git_buf_cstr(&full_path), &git_blob_create_fromdisk);
 
 	git_buf_free(&full_path);
-	cl_must_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(ELSEWHERE, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_must_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(ELSEWHERE, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
 
 void test_object_blob_write__can_create_a_blob_in_a_bare_repo_from_a_absolute_filepath(void)
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ void test_object_blob_write__can_create_a_blob_in_a_bare_repo_from_a_absolute_fi
 	assert_blob_creation(ELSEWHERE "/test.txt", git_buf_cstr(&full_path), &git_blob_create_fromdisk);
 
 	git_buf_free(&full_path);
-	cl_must_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(ELSEWHERE, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_must_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(ELSEWHERE, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
diff --git a/tests-clar/repo/discover.c b/tests-clar/repo/discover.c
index b5afab75a..3d9aeedd7 100644
--- a/tests-clar/repo/discover.c
+++ b/tests-clar/repo/discover.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ void test_repo_discover__0(void)
 	ensure_repository_discover(REPOSITORY_ALTERNATE_FOLDER_SUB_SUB, ceiling_dirs, sub_repository_path);
 	ensure_repository_discover(REPOSITORY_ALTERNATE_FOLDER_SUB_SUB_SUB, ceiling_dirs, repository_path);
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(TEMP_REPO_FOLDER, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(TEMP_REPO_FOLDER, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	git_repository_free(repo);
 	git_buf_free(&ceiling_dirs_buf);
 }
diff --git a/tests-clar/repo/open.c b/tests-clar/repo/open.c
index ef912fa0e..7f93ae91a 100644
--- a/tests-clar/repo/open.c
+++ b/tests-clar/repo/open.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ void test_repo_open__cleanup(void)
 	cl_git_sandbox_cleanup();
 
 	if (git_path_isdir("alternate"))
-		git_futils_rmdir_r("alternate", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS);
+		git_futils_rmdir_r("alternate", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES);
 }
 
 void test_repo_open__bare_empty_repo(void)
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ void test_repo_open__bad_gitlinks(void)
 		cl_git_fail(git_repository_open_ext(&repo, "alternate", 0, NULL));
 	}
 
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("invalid", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS);
-	git_futils_rmdir_r("invalid2", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("invalid", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES);
+	git_futils_rmdir_r("invalid2", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES);
 }
 
 #ifdef GIT_WIN32
diff --git a/tests-clar/reset/hard.c b/tests-clar/reset/hard.c
index c3f041817..4b49ca362 100644
--- a/tests-clar/reset/hard.c
+++ b/tests-clar/reset/hard.c
@@ -19,30 +19,56 @@ void test_reset_hard__cleanup(void)
 	cl_git_sandbox_cleanup();
 }
 
-void test_reset_hard__resetting_culls_empty_directories(void)
+void test_reset_hard__resetting_reverts_modified_files(void)
 {
-	git_buf subdir_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-	git_buf subfile_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
-	git_buf newdir_path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
+	git_buf path = GIT_BUF_INIT, content = GIT_BUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+	static const char *files[4] = {
+		"current_file",
+		"modified_file",
+		"staged_new_file",
+		"staged_changes_modified_file" };
+	static const char *before[4] = {
+		"current_file\n",
+		"modified_file\nmodified_file\n",
+		"staged_new_file\n",
+		"staged_changes_modified_file\nstaged_changes_modified_file\nstaged_changes_modified_file\n"
+	};
+	static const char *after[4] = {
+		"current_file\n",
+		"modified_file\n",
+		/* wrong value because reset is still slightly incorrect */
+		"staged_new_file\n",
+		/* right value: NULL, */
+		"staged_changes_modified_file\n"
+	};
+	const char *wd = git_repository_workdir(repo);
+
+	cl_assert(wd);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+		cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, wd, files[i]));
+		cl_git_pass(git_futils_readbuffer(&content, path.ptr));
+		cl_assert_equal_s(before[i], content.ptr);
+	}
+
+	retrieve_target_from_oid(
+		&target, repo, "26a125ee1bfc5df1e1b2e9441bbe63c8a7ae989f");
 
-	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&newdir_path, git_repository_workdir(repo), "newdir/"));
-
-	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&subfile_path, git_buf_cstr(&newdir_path), "with/nested/file.txt"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_mkpath2file(git_buf_cstr(&subfile_path), 0755));
-	cl_git_mkfile(git_buf_cstr(&subfile_path), "all anew...\n");
-
-	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&subdir_path, git_repository_workdir(repo), "subdir/"));
-	cl_assert(git_path_isdir(git_buf_cstr(&subdir_path)) == true);
-
-	retrieve_target_from_oid(&target, repo, "0017bd4ab1ec30440b17bae1680cff124ab5f1f6");
 	cl_git_pass(git_reset(repo, target, GIT_RESET_HARD));
 
-	cl_assert(git_path_isdir(git_buf_cstr(&subdir_path)) == false);
-	cl_assert(git_path_isdir(git_buf_cstr(&newdir_path)) == false);
-
-	git_buf_free(&subdir_path);
-	git_buf_free(&subfile_path);
-	git_buf_free(&newdir_path);
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+		cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, wd, files[i]));
+		if (after[i]) {
+			cl_git_pass(git_futils_readbuffer(&content, path.ptr));
+			cl_assert_equal_s(after[i], content.ptr);
+		} else {
+			cl_assert(!git_path_exists(path.ptr));
+		}
+	}
+
+	git_buf_free(&content);
+	git_buf_free(&path);
 }
 
 void test_reset_hard__cannot_reset_in_a_bare_repository(void)
diff --git a/tests-clar/stash/drop.c b/tests-clar/stash/drop.c
index 5bbc7452a..39139ccae 100644
--- a/tests-clar/stash/drop.c
+++ b/tests-clar/stash/drop.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void test_stash_drop__cleanup(void)
 {
 	git_signature_free(signature);
 	git_repository_free(repo);
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("stash", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("stash", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
 
 void test_stash_drop__cannot_drop_from_an_empty_stash(void)
diff --git a/tests-clar/stash/foreach.c b/tests-clar/stash/foreach.c
index 818d906e7..d7127a9db 100644
--- a/tests-clar/stash/foreach.c
+++ b/tests-clar/stash/foreach.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void test_stash_foreach__cleanup(void)
 {
 	git_signature_free(signature);
 	git_repository_free(repo);
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(REPO_NAME, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(REPO_NAME, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
 
 static int callback_cb(
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ static int callback_cb(
 	GIT_UNUSED(message);
 
 	cl_assert_equal_i(0, git_oid_streq(stash_oid, data->oids[data->invokes++]));
-	
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests-clar/stash/save.c b/tests-clar/stash/save.c
index 7524cdeb6..fadb8940b 100644
--- a/tests-clar/stash/save.c
+++ b/tests-clar/stash/save.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void test_stash_save__cleanup(void)
 {
 	git_signature_free(signature);
 	git_repository_free(repo);
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("stash", NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r("stash", NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 }
 
 static void assert_object_oid(const char* revision, const char* expected_oid, git_otype type)
diff --git a/tests-clar/stash/stash_helpers.c b/tests-clar/stash/stash_helpers.c
index 000a0f1a9..86a741853 100644
--- a/tests-clar/stash/stash_helpers.c
+++ b/tests-clar/stash/stash_helpers.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ void commit_staged_files(
 	cl_git_pass(git_index_write_tree(&tree_oid, index));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_tree_lookup(&tree, repo, &tree_oid));
+
 	cl_git_pass(git_commit_create_v(
 		commit_oid,
 		repo,
diff --git a/tests-clar/status/worktree.c b/tests-clar/status/worktree.c
index 116286f67..c154179b0 100644
--- a/tests-clar/status/worktree.c
+++ b/tests-clar/status/worktree.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static int remove_file_cb(void *data, git_buf *file)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (git_path_isdir(filename))
-		cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(filename, NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+		cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(filename, NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	else
 		cl_git_pass(p_unlink(git_buf_cstr(file)));
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ void test_status_worktree__issue_592_3(void)
 	repo = cl_git_sandbox_init("issue_592");
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(repo), "c"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_status_foreach(repo, cb_status__check_592, "c/a.txt"));
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ void test_status_worktree__issue_592_5(void)
 	repo = cl_git_sandbox_init("issue_592");
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(repo), "t"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 	cl_git_pass(p_mkdir(git_buf_cstr(&path), 0777));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_status_foreach(repo, cb_status__check_592, NULL));
diff --git a/tests-clar/submodule/status.c b/tests-clar/submodule/status.c
index eec028c40..325013466 100644
--- a/tests-clar/submodule/status.c
+++ b/tests-clar/submodule/status.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void test_submodule_status__ignore_none(void)
 	git_buf path = GIT_BUF_INIT;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(g_repo), "sm_unchanged"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 
 	cl_git_fail(git_submodule_lookup(&sm, g_repo, "not_submodule"));
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ void test_submodule_status__ignore_untracked(void)
 	git_submodule_ignore_t ign = GIT_SUBMODULE_IGNORE_UNTRACKED;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(g_repo), "sm_unchanged"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_submodule_foreach(g_repo, set_sm_ignore, &ign));
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void test_submodule_status__ignore_dirty(void)
 	git_submodule_ignore_t ign = GIT_SUBMODULE_IGNORE_DIRTY;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(g_repo), "sm_unchanged"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_submodule_foreach(g_repo, set_sm_ignore, &ign));
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ void test_submodule_status__ignore_all(void)
 	git_submodule_ignore_t ign = GIT_SUBMODULE_IGNORE_ALL;
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_buf_joinpath(&path, git_repository_workdir(g_repo), "sm_unchanged"));
-	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_DIRREMOVAL_FILES_AND_DIRS));
+	cl_git_pass(git_futils_rmdir_r(git_buf_cstr(&path), NULL, GIT_RMDIR_REMOVE_FILES));
 
 	cl_git_pass(git_submodule_foreach(g_repo, set_sm_ignore, &ign));