style: use good style for annotated defaults parameters

32 files changed, 240 insertions, 240 deletions

diff --git a/coverage/annotate.py b/coverage/annotate.py
index c92c29b7..13dbe9b6 100644
--- a/coverage/annotate.py
+++ b/coverage/annotate.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class AnnotateReporter:
     blank_re = re.compile(r"\s*(#|$)")
     else_re = re.compile(r"\s*else\s*:\s*(#|$)")
 
-    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], directory: Optional[str]=None) -> None:
+    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], directory: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Run the report.
 
         See `coverage.report()` for arguments.
diff --git a/coverage/cmdline.py b/coverage/cmdline.py
index 18a25fcc..338d8a25 100644
--- a/coverage/cmdline.py
+++ b/coverage/cmdline.py
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class CmdOptionParser(CoverageOptionParser):
         action: str,
         options: List[optparse.Option],
         description: str,
-        usage: Optional[str]=None,
+        usage: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         """Create an OptionParser for a coverage.py command.
 
@@ -551,9 +551,9 @@ COMMANDS = {
 
 
 def show_help(
-    error: Optional[str]=None,
-    topic: Optional[str]=None,
-    parser: Optional[optparse.OptionParser]=None,
+    error: Optional[str] = None,
+    topic: Optional[str] = None,
+    parser: Optional[optparse.OptionParser] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Display an error message, or the named topic."""
     assert error or topic or parser
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ HELP_TOPICS = {
 }
 
 
-def main(argv: Optional[List[str]]=None) -> Optional[int]:
+def main(argv: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> Optional[int]:
     """The main entry point to coverage.py.
 
     This is installed as the script entry point.
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ if _profile:                                                # pragma: debugging
     original_main = main
 
     def main(                                               # pylint: disable=function-redefined
-        argv: Optional[List[str]]=None,
+        argv: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> Optional[int]:
         """A wrapper around main that profiles."""
         profiler = SimpleLauncher.launch()
diff --git a/coverage/config.py b/coverage/config.py
index 434a8d2a..ee30b8a4 100644
--- a/coverage/config.py
+++ b/coverage/config.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class HandyConfigParser(configparser.ConfigParser):
     def read( # type: ignore[override]
         self,
         filenames: Iterable[str],
-        encoding_unused: Optional[str]=None,
+        encoding_unused: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> List[str]:
         """Read a file name as UTF-8 configuration data."""
         return super().read(filenames, encoding="utf-8")
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ class CoverageConfig(TConfigurable):
         cp: TConfigParser,
         attr: str,
         where: str,
-        type_: str='',
+        type_: str = '',
     ) -> bool:
         """Set an attribute on self if it exists in the ConfigParser.
 
diff --git a/coverage/control.py b/coverage/control.py
index 637a8f6a..d37c77e3 100644
--- a/coverage/control.py
+++ b/coverage/control.py
@@ -114,22 +114,22 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def __init__(                       # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
         self,
-        data_file: Optional[Union[str, DefaultValue]]=DEFAULT_DATAFILE,
-        data_suffix: Optional[Union[str, bool]]=None,
-        cover_pylib: Optional[bool]=None,
-        auto_data: bool=False,
-        timid: Optional[bool]=None,
-        branch: Optional[bool]=None,
-        config_file: Union[str, bool]=True,
-        source: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-        source_pkgs: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]]=None,
-        debug: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-        concurrency: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]]=None,
-        check_preimported: bool=False,
-        context: Optional[str]=None,
-        messages: bool=False,
+        data_file: Optional[Union[str, DefaultValue]] = DEFAULT_DATAFILE,
+        data_suffix: Optional[Union[str, bool]] = None,
+        cover_pylib: Optional[bool] = None,
+        auto_data: bool = False,
+        timid: Optional[bool] = None,
+        branch: Optional[bool] = None,
+        config_file: Union[str, bool] = True,
+        source: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        source_pkgs: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]] = None,
+        debug: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        concurrency: Optional[Union[str, Iterable[str]]] = None,
+        check_preimported: bool = False,
+        context: Optional[str] = None,
+        messages: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Many of these arguments duplicate and override values that can be
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
         return not reason
 
-    def _warn(self, msg: str, slug: Optional[str]=None, once: bool=False) -> None:
+    def _warn(self, msg: str, slug: Optional[str] = None, once: bool = False) -> None:
         """Use `msg` as a warning.
 
         For warning suppression, use `slug` as the shorthand.
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
             self._collector.stop()
         self._started = False
 
-    def _atexit(self, event: str="atexit") -> None:
+    def _atexit(self, event: str = "atexit") -> None:
         """Clean up on process shutdown."""
         if self._debug.should("process"):
             self._debug.write(f"{event}: pid: {os.getpid()}, instance: {self!r}")
@@ -688,13 +688,13 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
         self._collector.switch_context(new_context)
 
-    def clear_exclude(self, which: str='exclude') -> None:
+    def clear_exclude(self, which: str = 'exclude') -> None:
         """Clear the exclude list."""
         self._init()
         setattr(self.config, which + "_list", [])
         self._exclude_regex_stale()
 
-    def exclude(self, regex: str, which: str='exclude') -> None:
+    def exclude(self, regex: str, which: str = 'exclude') -> None:
         """Exclude source lines from execution consideration.
 
         A number of lists of regular expressions are maintained.  Each list
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
             self._exclude_re[which] = join_regex(excl_list)
         return self._exclude_re[which]
 
-    def get_exclude_list(self, which: str='exclude') -> List[str]:
+    def get_exclude_list(self, which: str = 'exclude') -> List[str]:
         """Return a list of excluded regex strings.
 
         `which` indicates which list is desired.  See :meth:`exclude` for the
@@ -755,9 +755,9 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def combine(
         self,
-        data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-        strict: bool=False,
-        keep: bool=False
+        data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        strict: bool = False,
+        keep: bool = False
     ) -> None:
         """Combine together a number of similarly-named coverage data files.
 
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
         assert isinstance(file_reporter, FileReporter)
         return file_reporter
 
-    def _get_file_reporters(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None) -> List[FileReporter]:
+    def _get_file_reporters(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None) -> List[FileReporter]:
         """Get a list of FileReporters for a list of modules or file names.
 
         For each module or file name in `morfs`, find a FileReporter.  Return
@@ -956,18 +956,18 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def report(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        show_missing: Optional[bool]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        file: Optional[IO[str]]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        skip_covered: Optional[bool]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
-        skip_empty: Optional[bool]=None,
-        precision: Optional[int]=None,
-        sort: Optional[str]=None,
-        output_format: Optional[str]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        show_missing: Optional[bool] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        skip_covered: Optional[bool] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        skip_empty: Optional[bool] = None,
+        precision: Optional[int] = None,
+        sort: Optional[str] = None,
+        output_format: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Write a textual summary report to `file`.
 
@@ -1038,12 +1038,12 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def annotate(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        directory: Optional[str]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        directory: Optional[str] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Annotate a list of modules.
 
@@ -1077,18 +1077,18 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def html_report(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        directory: Optional[str]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        extra_css: Optional[str]=None,
-        title: Optional[str]=None,
-        skip_covered: Optional[bool]=None,
-        show_contexts: Optional[bool]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
-        skip_empty: Optional[bool]=None,
-        precision: Optional[int]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        directory: Optional[str] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        extra_css: Optional[str] = None,
+        title: Optional[str] = None,
+        skip_covered: Optional[bool] = None,
+        show_contexts: Optional[bool] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        skip_empty: Optional[bool] = None,
+        precision: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Generate an HTML report.
 
@@ -1135,13 +1135,13 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def xml_report(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        outfile: Optional[str]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
-        skip_empty: Optional[bool]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        outfile: Optional[str] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        skip_empty: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Generate an XML report of coverage results.
 
@@ -1169,14 +1169,14 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def json_report(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        outfile: Optional[str]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
-        pretty_print: Optional[bool]=None,
-        show_contexts: Optional[bool]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        outfile: Optional[str] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        pretty_print: Optional[bool] = None,
+        show_contexts: Optional[bool] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Generate a JSON report of coverage results.
 
@@ -1207,12 +1207,12 @@ class Coverage(TConfigurable):
 
     def lcov_report(
         self,
-        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]]=None,
-        outfile: Optional[str]=None,
-        ignore_errors: Optional[bool]=None,
-        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]]=None,
-        contexts: Optional[List[str]]=None,
+        morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]] = None,
+        outfile: Optional[str] = None,
+        ignore_errors: Optional[bool] = None,
+        omit: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        include: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        contexts: Optional[List[str]] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Generate an LCOV report of coverage results.
 
diff --git a/coverage/data.py b/coverage/data.py
index 8e987a33..ee4f007d 100644
--- a/coverage/data.py
+++ b/coverage/data.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from coverage.misc import Hasher, file_be_gone, human_sorted, plural
 from coverage.sqldata import CoverageData
 
 
-def line_counts(data: CoverageData, fullpath: bool=False) -> Dict[str, int]:
+def line_counts(data: CoverageData, fullpath: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]:
     """Return a dict summarizing the line coverage data.
 
     Keys are based on the file names, and values are the number of executed
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def add_data_to_hash(data: CoverageData, filename: str, hasher: Hasher) -> None:
     hasher.update(data.file_tracer(filename))
 
 
-def combinable_files(data_file: str, data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None) -> List[str]:
+def combinable_files(data_file: str, data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None) -> List[str]:
     """Make a list of data files to be combined.
 
     `data_file` is a path to a data file.  `data_paths` is a list of files or
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ def combinable_files(data_file: str, data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None) -
 
 def combine_parallel_data(
     data: CoverageData,
-    aliases: Optional[PathAliases]=None,
-    data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-    strict: bool=False,
-    keep: bool=False,
-    message: Optional[Callable[[str], None]]=None,
+    aliases: Optional[PathAliases] = None,
+    data_paths: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    keep: bool = False,
+    message: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Combine a number of data files together.
 
diff --git a/coverage/debug.py b/coverage/debug.py
index 145802b1..c4cc229a 100644
--- a/coverage/debug.py
+++ b/coverage/debug.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def write_formatted_info(
         write(f" {line}")
 
 
-def short_stack(limit: Optional[int]=None, skip: int=0) -> str:
+def short_stack(limit: Optional[int] = None, skip: int = 0) -> str:
     """Return a string summarizing the call stack.
 
     The string is multi-line, with one line per stack frame. Each line shows
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ def short_stack(limit: Optional[int]=None, skip: int=0) -> str:
 
 
 def dump_stack_frames(
-    limit: Optional[int]=None,
-    out: Optional[TWritable]=None,
-    skip: int=0
+    limit: Optional[int] = None,
+    out: Optional[TWritable] = None,
+    skip: int = 0
 ) -> None:
     """Print a summary of the stack to stdout, or someplace else."""
     out = out or sys.stdout
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def dump_stack_frames(
     out.write("\n")
 
 
-def clipped_repr(text: str, numchars: int=50) -> str:
+def clipped_repr(text: str, numchars: int = 50) -> str:
     """`repr(text)`, but limited to `numchars`."""
     r = reprlib.Repr()
     r.maxstring = numchars
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ class DebugOutputFile:                              # pragma: debugging
     @classmethod
     def get_one(
         cls,
-        fileobj: Optional[IO[str]]=None,
-        show_process: bool=True,
-        filters: Iterable[Callable[[str], str]]=(),
-        interim: bool=False,
+        fileobj: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        show_process: bool = True,
+        filters: Iterable[Callable[[str], str]] = (),
+        interim: bool = False,
     ) -> DebugOutputFile:
         """Get a DebugOutputFile.
 
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class DebugOutputFile:                              # pragma: debugging
         self.outfile.flush()
 
 
-def log(msg: str, stack: bool=False) -> None:               # pragma: debugging
+def log(msg: str, stack: bool = False) -> None:               # pragma: debugging
     """Write a log message as forcefully as possible."""
     out = DebugOutputFile.get_one(interim=True)
     out.write(msg+"\n")
@@ -411,9 +411,9 @@ CALLS = itertools.count()
 OBJ_ID_ATTR = "$coverage.object_id"
 
 def show_calls(
-    show_args: bool=True,
-    show_stack: bool=False,
-    show_return: bool=False,
+    show_args: bool = True,
+    show_stack: bool = False,
+    show_return: bool = False,
 ) -> Callable[..., Any]:                                    # pragma: debugging
     """A method decorator to debug-log each call to the function."""
     def _decorator(func):
diff --git a/coverage/files.py b/coverage/files.py
index e2800bf2..962a9d10 100644
--- a/coverage/files.py
+++ b/coverage/files.py
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class TreeMatcher:
     somewhere in a subtree rooted at one of the directories.
 
     """
-    def __init__(self, paths: Iterable[str], name: str="unknown") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, paths: Iterable[str], name: str = "unknown") -> None:
         self.original_paths: List[str] = human_sorted(paths)
         #self.paths = list(map(os.path.normcase, paths))
         self.paths = [os.path.normcase(p) for p in paths]
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class ModuleMatcher:
 
 class GlobMatcher:
     """A matcher for files by file name pattern."""
-    def __init__(self, pats: Iterable[str], name: str="unknown") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, pats: Iterable[str], name: str = "unknown") -> None:
         self.pats = list(pats)
         self.re = globs_to_regex(self.pats, case_insensitive=env.WINDOWS)
         self.name = name
@@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ def _glob_to_regex(pattern: str) -> str:
 
 def globs_to_regex(
     patterns: Iterable[str],
-    case_insensitive: bool=False,
-    partial: bool=False,
+    case_insensitive: bool = False,
+    partial: bool = False,
 ) -> re.Pattern[str]:
     """Convert glob patterns to a compiled regex that matches any of them.
 
@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ class PathAliases:
     """
     def __init__(
         self,
-        debugfn: Optional[Callable[[str], None]]=None,
-        relative: bool=False,
+        debugfn: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None,
+        relative: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         # A list of (original_pattern, regex, result)
         self.aliases: List[Tuple[str, re.Pattern[str], str]] = []
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ class PathAliases:
         result = result.rstrip(r"\/") + result_sep
         self.aliases.append((original_pattern, regex, result))
 
-    def map(self, path: str, exists:Callable[[str], bool]=source_exists) -> str:
+    def map(self, path: str, exists:Callable[[str], bool] = source_exists) -> str:
         """Map `path` through the aliases.
 
         `path` is checked against all of the patterns.  The first pattern to
diff --git a/coverage/inorout.py b/coverage/inorout.py
index c43e43a4..d5ca938f 100644
--- a/coverage/inorout.py
+++ b/coverage/inorout.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if env.PYPY:
         pass
 
 
-def canonical_path(morf: TMorf, directory: bool=False) -> str:
+def canonical_path(morf: TMorf, directory: bool = False) -> str:
     """Return the canonical path of the module or file `morf`.
 
     If the module is a package, then return its directory. If it is a
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class InOrOut:
         self.plugins: Plugins
         self.disp_class: Type[TFileDisposition] = FileDisposition
 
-    def should_trace(self, filename: str, frame: Optional[FrameType]=None) -> TFileDisposition:
+    def should_trace(self, filename: str, frame: Optional[FrameType] = None) -> TFileDisposition:
         """Decide whether to trace execution in `filename`, with a reason.
 
         This function is called from the trace function.  As each new file name
diff --git a/coverage/misc.py b/coverage/misc.py
index c2041b47..e0658eb1 100644
--- a/coverage/misc.py
+++ b/coverage/misc.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def ensure_dir_for_file(path: str) -> None:
     ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
 
 
-def output_encoding(outfile: Optional[IO[str]]=None) -> str:
+def output_encoding(outfile: Optional[IO[str]] = None) -> str:
     """Determine the encoding to use for output written to `outfile` or stdout."""
     if outfile is None:
         outfile = sys.stdout
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ def format_local_datetime(dt: datetime.datetime) -> str:
     return dt.astimezone().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %z')
 
 
-def import_local_file(modname: str, modfile: Optional[str]=None) -> ModuleType:
+def import_local_file(modname: str, modfile: Optional[str] = None) -> ModuleType:
     """Import a local file as a module.
 
     Opens a file in the current directory named `modname`.py, imports it
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ SortableItem = TypeVar("SortableItem", bound=Sequence[Any])
 
 def human_sorted_items(
     items: Iterable[SortableItem],
-    reverse: bool=False,
+    reverse: bool = False,
 ) -> List[SortableItem]:
     """Sort (string, ...) items the way humans expect.
 
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ def human_sorted_items(
     return sorted(items, key=lambda item: (_human_key(item[0]), *item[1:]), reverse=reverse)
 
 
-def plural(n: int, thing: str="", things: str="") -> str:
+def plural(n: int, thing: str = "", things: str = "") -> str:
     """Pluralize a word.
 
     If n is 1, return thing.  Otherwise return things, or thing+s.
diff --git a/coverage/parser.py b/coverage/parser.py
index cb4e6474..37d74767 100644
--- a/coverage/parser.py
+++ b/coverage/parser.py
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ class PythonParser:
     """
     def __init__(
         self,
-        text: Optional[str]=None,
-        filename: Optional[str]=None,
-        exclude: Optional[str]=None,
+        text: Optional[str] = None,
+        filename: Optional[str] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Source can be provided as `text`, the text itself, or `filename`, from
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class PythonParser:
         self,
         start: TLineNo,
         end: TLineNo,
-        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,
+        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,
     ) -> str:
         """Provide an English sentence describing a missing arc."""
         if self._missing_arc_fragments is None:
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ class ByteParser:
     def __init__(
         self,
         text: str,
-        code: Optional[CodeType]=None,
-        filename: Optional[str]=None,
+        code: Optional[CodeType] = None,
+        filename: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.text = text
         if code is not None:
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class ArcStart(collections.namedtuple("Arc", "lineno, cause")):
     to have `lineno` interpolated into it.
 
     """
-    def __new__(cls, lineno: TLineNo, cause: Optional[str]=None) -> ArcStart:
+    def __new__(cls, lineno: TLineNo, cause: Optional[str] = None) -> ArcStart:
         return super().__new__(cls, lineno, cause)
 
 
@@ -469,8 +469,8 @@ class TAddArcFn(Protocol):
         self,
         start: TLineNo,
         end: TLineNo,
-        smsg: Optional[str]=None,
-        emsg: Optional[str]=None,
+        smsg: Optional[str] = None,
+        emsg: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         ...
 
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ class WithBlock(Block):
         self,
         exits: Set[ArcStart],
         add_arc: TAddArcFn,
-        from_set: Optional[Set[ArcStart]]=None,
+        from_set: Optional[Set[ArcStart]] = None,
     ) -> bool:
         """Helper to process the four kinds of exits."""
         for xit in exits:
@@ -713,8 +713,8 @@ class AstArcAnalyzer:
         self,
         start: TLineNo,
         end: TLineNo,
-        smsg: Optional[str]=None,
-        emsg: Optional[str]=None,
+        smsg: Optional[str] = None,
+        emsg: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Add an arc, including message fragments to use if it is missing."""
         if self.debug:                      # pragma: debugging
@@ -829,8 +829,8 @@ class AstArcAnalyzer:
     def add_body_arcs(
         self,
         body: Sequence[ast.AST],
-        from_start: Optional[ArcStart]=None,
-        prev_starts: Optional[Set[ArcStart]]=None
+        from_start: Optional[ArcStart] = None,
+        prev_starts: Optional[Set[ArcStart]] = None
     ) -> Set[ArcStart]:
         """Add arcs for the body of a compound statement.
 
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ def _is_simple_value(value: Any) -> bool:
 def ast_dump(
     node: ast.AST,
     depth: int = 0,
-    print: Callable[[str], None]=print,     # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    print: Callable[[str], None] = print,   # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
 ) -> None:
     """Dump the AST for `node`.
 
diff --git a/coverage/plugin.py b/coverage/plugin.py
index da91aac4..5279c4d0 100644
--- a/coverage/plugin.py
+++ b/coverage/plugin.py
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ class FileReporter(CoveragePluginBase):
         self,
         start: TLineNo,
         end: TLineNo,
-        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,   # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,     # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     ) -> str:
         """Provide an English sentence describing a missing arc.
 
diff --git a/coverage/plugin_support.py b/coverage/plugin_support.py
index 8ac42491..62985a06 100644
--- a/coverage/plugin_support.py
+++ b/coverage/plugin_support.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Plugins:
         cls,
         modules: Iterable[str],
         config: CoverageConfig,
-        debug: Optional[TDebugCtl]=None,
+        debug: Optional[TDebugCtl] = None,
     ) -> Plugins:
         """Load plugins from `modules`.
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class Plugins:
 class LabelledDebug:
     """A Debug writer, but with labels for prepending to the messages."""
 
-    def __init__(self, label: str, debug: TDebugCtl, prev_labels: Iterable[str]=()):
+    def __init__(self, label: str, debug: TDebugCtl, prev_labels: Iterable[str] = ()):
         self.labels = list(prev_labels) + [label]
         self.debug = debug
 
diff --git a/coverage/python.py b/coverage/python.py
index c25a03fd..98b0d6ab 100644
--- a/coverage/python.py
+++ b/coverage/python.py
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def source_for_morf(morf: TMorf) -> str:
 class PythonFileReporter(FileReporter):
     """Report support for a Python file."""
 
-    def __init__(self, morf: TMorf, coverage: Optional[Coverage]=None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, morf: TMorf, coverage: Optional[Coverage] = None) -> None:
         self.coverage = coverage
 
         filename = source_for_morf(morf)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class PythonFileReporter(FileReporter):
         self,
         start: TLineNo,
         end: TLineNo,
-        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,
+        executed_arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,
     ) -> str:
         return self.parser.missing_arc_description(start, end, executed_arcs)
 
diff --git a/coverage/results.py b/coverage/results.py
index 4990d435..2731700e 100644
--- a/coverage/results.py
+++ b/coverage/results.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class Analysis:
             n_missing_branches=n_missing_branches,
         )
 
-    def missing_formatted(self, branches: bool=False) -> str:
+    def missing_formatted(self, branches: bool = False) -> str:
         """The missing line numbers, formatted nicely.
 
         Returns a string like "1-2, 5-11, 13-14".
@@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ class Numbers(AutoReprMixin):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        precision: int=0,
-        n_files: int=0,
-        n_statements: int=0,
-        n_excluded: int=0,
-        n_missing: int=0,
-        n_branches: int=0,
-        n_partial_branches: int=0,
-        n_missing_branches: int=0,
+        precision: int = 0,
+        n_files: int = 0,
+        n_statements: int = 0,
+        n_excluded: int = 0,
+        n_missing: int = 0,
+        n_branches: int = 0,
+        n_partial_branches: int = 0,
+        n_missing_branches: int = 0,
     ) -> None:
         assert 0 <= precision < 10
         self._precision = precision
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ def _line_ranges(
 def format_lines(
     statements: Iterable[TLineNo],
     lines: Iterable[TLineNo],
-    arcs: Optional[Iterable[Tuple[TLineNo, List[TLineNo]]]]=None,
+    arcs: Optional[Iterable[Tuple[TLineNo, List[TLineNo]]]] = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Nicely format a list of line numbers.
 
diff --git a/coverage/sqldata.py b/coverage/sqldata.py
index 0a2f87a5..da66ad09 100644
--- a/coverage/sqldata.py
+++ b/coverage/sqldata.py
@@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        basename: Optional[str]=None,
-        suffix: Optional[Union[str, bool]]=None,
-        no_disk: bool=False,
-        warn: Optional[TWarnFn]=None,
-        debug: Optional[TDebugCtl]=None,
+        basename: Optional[str] = None,
+        suffix: Optional[Union[str, bool]] = None,
+        no_disk: bool = False,
+        warn: Optional[TWarnFn] = None,
+        debug: Optional[TDebugCtl] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Create a :class:`CoverageData` object to hold coverage-measured data.
 
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
         self._read_db()
         self._have_used = True
 
-    def _file_id(self, filename: str, add: bool=False) -> Optional[int]:
+    def _file_id(self, filename: str, add: bool = False) -> Optional[int]:
         """Get the file id for `filename`.
 
         If filename is not in the database yet, add it if `add` is True.
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
                     data,
                 )
 
-    def _choose_lines_or_arcs(self, lines: bool=False, arcs: bool=False) -> None:
+    def _choose_lines_or_arcs(self, lines: bool = False, arcs: bool = False) -> None:
         """Force the data file to choose between lines and arcs."""
         assert lines or arcs
         assert not (lines and arcs)
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
                         (file_id, plugin_name)
                     )
 
-    def touch_file(self, filename: str, plugin_name: str="") -> None:
+    def touch_file(self, filename: str, plugin_name: str = "") -> None:
         """Ensure that `filename` appears in the data, empty if needed.
 
         `plugin_name` is the name of the plugin responsible for this file.
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
         """
         self.touch_files([filename], plugin_name)
 
-    def touch_files(self, filenames: Iterable[str], plugin_name: Optional[str]=None) -> None:
+    def touch_files(self, filenames: Iterable[str], plugin_name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Ensure that `filenames` appear in the data, empty if needed.
 
         `plugin_name` is the name of the plugin responsible for these files.
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
                     # Set the tracer for this file
                     self.add_file_tracers({filename: plugin_name})
 
-    def update(self, other_data: CoverageData, aliases: Optional[PathAliases]=None) -> None:
+    def update(self, other_data: CoverageData, aliases: Optional[PathAliases] = None) -> None:
         """Update this data with data from several other :class:`CoverageData` instances.
 
         If `aliases` is provided, it's a `PathAliases` object that is used to
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ class CoverageData(AutoReprMixin):
             self._reset()
             self.read()
 
-    def erase(self, parallel: bool=False) -> None:
+    def erase(self, parallel: bool = False) -> None:
         """Erase the data in this object.
 
         If `parallel` is true, then also deletes data files created from the
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ class SqliteDb(AutoReprMixin):
     def execute(
         self,
         sql: str,
-        parameters: Iterable[Any]=(),
+        parameters: Iterable[Any] = (),
     ) -> Iterator[sqlite3.Cursor]:
         """Context managed :meth:`python:sqlite3.Connection.execute`.
 
@@ -1182,11 +1182,11 @@ class SqliteDb(AutoReprMixin):
         finally:
             cur.close()
 
-    def execute_void(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any]=()) -> None:
+    def execute_void(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any] = ()) -> None:
         """Same as :meth:`python:sqlite3.Connection.execute` when you don't need the cursor."""
         self._execute(sql, parameters).close()
 
-    def execute_for_rowid(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any]=()) -> int:
+    def execute_for_rowid(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any] = ()) -> int:
         """Like execute, but returns the lastrowid."""
         with self.execute(sql, parameters) as cur:
             assert cur.lastrowid is not None
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ class SqliteDb(AutoReprMixin):
             self.debug.write(f"Row id result: {rowid!r}")
         return rowid
 
-    def execute_one(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any]=()) -> Optional[Tuple[Any, ...]]:
+    def execute_one(self, sql: str, parameters: Iterable[Any] = ()) -> Optional[Tuple[Any, ...]]:
         """Execute a statement and return the one row that results.
 
         This is like execute(sql, parameters).fetchone(), except it is
diff --git a/coverage/summary.py b/coverage/summary.py
index 287e7593..c4c7fd1d 100644
--- a/coverage/summary.py
+++ b/coverage/summary.py
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class SummaryReporter:
         for end_line in end_lines:
             self.write(end_line)
 
-    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], outfile: Optional[IO[str]]=None) -> float:
+    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], outfile: Optional[IO[str]] = None) -> float:
         """Writes a report summarizing coverage statistics per module.
 
         `outfile` is a text-mode file object to write the summary to.
diff --git a/coverage/types.py b/coverage/types.py
index 8ec4f37a..a45b831e 100644
--- a/coverage/types.py
+++ b/coverage/types.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TTraceFn(Protocol):
         frame: FrameType,
         event: str,
         arg: Any,
-        lineno: Optional[int]=None  # Our own twist, see collector.py
+        lineno: Optional[int] = None  # Our own twist, see collector.py
     ) -> TTraceFn:
         ...
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class TPlugin(Protocol):
 
 class TWarnFn(Protocol):
     """A callable warn() function."""
-    def __call__(self, msg: str, slug: Optional[str]=None, once: bool=False,) -> None:
+    def __call__(self, msg: str, slug: Optional[str] = None, once: bool = False,) -> None:
         ...
 
 
diff --git a/coverage/version.py b/coverage/version.py
index bee051d5..a1f3cda0 100644
--- a/coverage/version.py
+++ b/coverage/version.py
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ def _make_version(
     major: int,
     minor: int,
     micro: int,
-    releaselevel: str="final",
-    serial: int=0,
-    dev: int=0,
+    releaselevel: str = "final",
+    serial: int = 0,
+    dev: int = 0,
 ) -> str:
     """Create a readable version string from version_info tuple components."""
     assert releaselevel in ['alpha', 'beta', 'candidate', 'final']
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ def _make_url(
     minor: int,
     micro: int,
     releaselevel: str,
-    serial: int=0,
-    dev: int=0,
+    serial: int = 0,
+    dev: int = 0,
 ) -> str:
     """Make the URL people should start at for this version of coverage.py."""
     url = "https://coverage.readthedocs.io"
diff --git a/coverage/xmlreport.py b/coverage/xmlreport.py
index 19a8dba5..86fdc18f 100644
--- a/coverage/xmlreport.py
+++ b/coverage/xmlreport.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class XmlReporter:
         self.packages: Dict[str, PackageData] = {}
         self.xml_out: xml.dom.minidom.Document
 
-    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], outfile: Optional[IO[str]]=None) -> float:
+    def report(self, morfs: Optional[Iterable[TMorf]], outfile: Optional[IO[str]] = None) -> float:
         """Generate a Cobertura-compatible XML report for `morfs`.
 
         `morfs` is a list of modules or file names.
diff --git a/lab/benchmark.py b/lab/benchmark.py
index f3bc86d7..4c5de3c4 100644
--- a/lab/benchmark.py
+++ b/lab/benchmark.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class ProjectToTest:
 
 class EmptyProject(ProjectToTest):
     """A dummy project for testing other parts of this code."""
-    def __init__(self, slug: str="empty", fake_durations: Iterable[float]=(1.23,)):
+    def __init__(self, slug: str = "empty", fake_durations: Iterable[float] = (1.23,)):
         self.slug = slug
         self.durations = iter(itertools.cycle(fake_durations))
 
diff --git a/tests/coveragetest.py b/tests/coveragetest.py
index 100b8e3b..0055c691 100644
--- a/tests/coveragetest.py
+++ b/tests/coveragetest.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class CoverageTest(
         self,
         cov: Coverage,
         modname: str,
-        modfile: Optional[str]=None
+        modfile: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> ModuleType:
         """Start coverage, import a file, then stop coverage.
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CoverageTest(
             cov.stop()
         return mod
 
-    def get_report(self, cov: Coverage, squeeze: bool=True, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    def get_report(self, cov: Coverage, squeeze: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
         """Get the report from `cov`, and canonicalize it."""
         repout = io.StringIO()
         kwargs.setdefault("show_missing", False)
@@ -137,17 +137,17 @@ class CoverageTest(
     def check_coverage(
         self,
         text: str,
-        lines: Optional[Union[Sequence[TLineNo], Sequence[List[TLineNo]]]]=None,
-        missing: Union[str, Sequence[str]]="",
-        report: str="",
-        excludes: Optional[Iterable[str]]=None,
-        partials: Iterable[str]=(),
-        arcz: Optional[str]=None,
-        arcz_missing: Optional[str]=None,
-        arcz_unpredicted: Optional[str]=None,
-        arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,
-        arcs_missing: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,
-        arcs_unpredicted: Optional[Iterable[TArc]]=None,
+        lines: Optional[Union[Sequence[TLineNo], Sequence[List[TLineNo]]]] = None,
+        missing: Union[str, Sequence[str]] = "",
+        report: str = "",
+        excludes: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+        partials: Iterable[str] = (),
+        arcz: Optional[str] = None,
+        arcz_missing: Optional[str] = None,
+        arcz_unpredicted: Optional[str] = None,
+        arcs: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,
+        arcs_missing: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,
+        arcs_unpredicted: Optional[Iterable[TArc]] = None,
     ) -> Coverage:
         """Check the coverage measurement of `text`.
 
@@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ class CoverageTest(
 
     def make_data_file(
         self,
-        basename: Optional[str]=None,
-        suffix: Optional[str]=None,
-        lines: Optional[Mapping[str, Collection[TLineNo]]]=None,
-        arcs: Optional[Mapping[str, Collection[TArc]]]=None,
-        file_tracers: Optional[Mapping[str, str]]=None,
+        basename: Optional[str] = None,
+        suffix: Optional[str] = None,
+        lines: Optional[Mapping[str, Collection[TLineNo]]] = None,
+        arcs: Optional[Mapping[str, Collection[TArc]]] = None,
+        file_tracers: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
     ) -> CoverageData:
         """Write some data into a coverage data file."""
         data = coverage.CoverageData(basename=basename, suffix=suffix)
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class CoverageTest(
         self,
         cov: Coverage,
         warnings: Iterable[str],
-        not_warnings: Iterable[str]=(),
+        not_warnings: Iterable[str] = (),
     ) -> Iterator[None]:
         """A context manager to check that particular warnings happened in `cov`.
 
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ class CoverageTest(
         saved_warnings = []
         def capture_warning(
             msg: str,
-            slug: Optional[str]=None,
-            once: bool=False,               # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+            slug: Optional[str] = None,
+            once: bool = False,               # pylint: disable=unused-argument
         ) -> None:
             """A fake implementation of Coverage._warn, to capture warnings."""
             # NOTE: we don't implement `once`.
@@ -353,15 +353,15 @@ class CoverageTest(
     def assert_recent_datetime(
         self,
         dt: datetime.datetime,
-        seconds: int=10,
-        msg: Optional[str]=None,
+        seconds: int = 10,
+        msg: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Assert that `dt` marks a time at most `seconds` seconds ago."""
         age = datetime.datetime.now() - dt
         assert age.total_seconds() >= 0, msg
         assert age.total_seconds() <= seconds, msg
 
-    def command_line(self, args: str, ret: int=OK) -> None:
+    def command_line(self, args: str, ret: int = OK) -> None:
         """Run `args` through the command line.
 
         Use this when you want to run the full coverage machinery, but in the
diff --git a/tests/goldtest.py b/tests/goldtest.py
index 4d2be842..12a04af6 100644
--- a/tests/goldtest.py
+++ b/tests/goldtest.py
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ def gold_path(path: str) -> str:
 def compare(
     expected_dir: str,
     actual_dir: str,
-    file_pattern: Optional[str]=None,
-    actual_extra: bool=False,
-    scrubs: Optional[List[Tuple[str, str]]]=None,
+    file_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+    actual_extra: bool = False,
+    scrubs: Optional[List[Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Compare files matching `file_pattern` in `expected_dir` and `actual_dir`.
 
diff --git a/tests/helpers.py b/tests/helpers.py
index 0f958a39..1c4b2f96 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/tests/helpers.py
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ def run_command(cmd: str) -> Tuple[int, str]:
 
 def make_file(
     filename: str,
-    text: str="",
-    bytes: bytes=b"",
-    newline: Optional[str]=None,
+    text: str = "",
+    bytes: bytes = b"",
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Create a file for testing.
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class CheckUniqueFilenames:
         return self.wrapped(filename, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
-def re_lines(pat: str, text: str, match: bool=True) -> List[str]:
+def re_lines(pat: str, text: str, match: bool = True) -> List[str]:
     """Return a list of lines selected by `pat` in the string `text`.
 
     If `match` is false, the selection is inverted: only the non-matching
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def re_lines(pat: str, text: str, match: bool=True) -> List[str]:
     return [l for l in text.splitlines() if bool(re.search(pat, l)) == match]
 
 
-def re_lines_text(pat: str, text: str, match: bool=True) -> str:
+def re_lines_text(pat: str, text: str, match: bool = True) -> str:
     """Return the multi-line text of lines selected by `pat`."""
     return "".join(l + "\n" for l in re_lines(pat, text, match=match))
 
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ def assert_coverage_warnings(
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def swallow_warnings(
-    message: str=r".",
-    category: Type[Warning]=CoverageWarning,
+    message: str = r".",
+    category: Type[Warning] = CoverageWarning,
 ) -> Iterator[None]:
     """Swallow particular warnings.
 
diff --git a/tests/mixins.py b/tests/mixins.py
index 586dcac5..d207f779 100644
--- a/tests/mixins.py
+++ b/tests/mixins.py
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ class TempDirMixin:
     def make_file(
         self,
         filename: str,
-        text: str="",
-        bytes: bytes=b"",
-        newline: Optional[str]=None,
+        text: str = "",
+        bytes: bytes = b"",
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> str:
         """Make a file. See `tests.helpers.make_file`"""
         # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin     # bytes
diff --git a/tests/test_api.py b/tests/test_api.py
index 0eb73350..1c565421 100644
--- a/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_api.py
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ class TestRunnerPluginTest(CoverageTest):
     way they do.
 
     """
-    def pretend_to_be_nose_with_cover(self, erase: bool=False, cd: bool=False) -> None:
+    def pretend_to_be_nose_with_cover(self, erase: bool = False, cd: bool = False) -> None:
         """This is what the nose --with-cover plugin does."""
         self.make_file("no_biggie.py", """\
             a = 1
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ class CombiningTest(CoverageTest):
 class ReportMapsPathsTest(CoverageTest):
     """Check that reporting implicitly maps paths."""
 
-    def make_files(self, data: str, settings: bool=False) -> None:
+    def make_files(self, data: str, settings: bool = False) -> None:
         """Create the test files we need for line coverage."""
         src = """\
             if VER == 1:
diff --git a/tests/test_cmdline.py b/tests/test_cmdline.py
index 13b6e73e..6caac307 100644
--- a/tests/test_cmdline.py
+++ b/tests/test_cmdline.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class BaseCmdLineTest(CoverageTest):
     def mock_command_line(
         self,
         args: str,
-        options: Optional[Mapping[str, TConfigValueIn]]=None,
+        options: Optional[Mapping[str, TConfigValueIn]] = None,
     ) -> Tuple[mock.Mock, int]:
         """Run `args` through the command line, with a Mock.
 
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ class BaseCmdLineTest(CoverageTest):
         self,
         args: str,
         code: str,
-        ret: int=OK,
-        options: Optional[Mapping[str, TConfigValueIn]]=None,
+        ret: int = OK,
+        options: Optional[Mapping[str, TConfigValueIn]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Assert that the `args` end up executing the sequence in `code`."""
         called, status = self.mock_command_line(args, options=options)
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ class BaseCmdLineTest(CoverageTest):
     def cmd_help(
         self,
         args: str,
-        help_msg: Optional[str]=None,
-        topic: Optional[str]=None,
-        ret: int=ERR,
+        help_msg: Optional[str] = None,
+        topic: Optional[str] = None,
+        ret: int = ERR,
     ) -> None:
         """Run a command line, and check that it prints the right help.
 
@@ -1129,10 +1129,10 @@ class CoverageReportingFake:
     def __init__(
         self,
         report_result: float,
-        html_result: float=0,
-        xml_result: float=0,
-        json_report: float=0,
-        lcov_result: float=0,
+        html_result: float = 0,
+        xml_result: float = 0,
+        json_report: float = 0,
+        lcov_result: float = 0,
     ) -> None:
         self.config = CoverageConfig()
         self.report_result = report_result
diff --git a/tests/test_concurrency.py b/tests/test_concurrency.py
index c80136c4..3360094b 100644
--- a/tests/test_concurrency.py
+++ b/tests/test_concurrency.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class ConcurrencyTest(CoverageTest):
         code: str,
         concurrency: str,
         the_module: ModuleType,
-        expected_out: Optional[str]=None,
+        expected_out: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Run some concurrency testing code and see that it was all covered.
 
@@ -460,8 +460,8 @@ class MultiprocessingTest(CoverageTest):
         the_module: ModuleType,
         nprocs: int,
         start_method: str,
-        concurrency: str="multiprocessing",
-        args: str="",
+        concurrency: str = "multiprocessing",
+        args: str = "",
     ) -> None:
         """Run code using multiprocessing, it should produce `expected_out`."""
         self.make_file("multi.py", code)
diff --git a/tests/test_data.py b/tests/test_data.py
index 8ed4f842..ab4e03f7 100644
--- a/tests/test_data.py
+++ b/tests/test_data.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TCoverageData = Callable[..., CoverageData]
 def assert_line_counts(
     covdata: CoverageData,
     counts: Mapping[str, int],
-    fullpath: bool=False,
+    fullpath: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
     """Check that the line_counts of `covdata` is `counts`."""
     assert line_counts(covdata, fullpath) == counts
diff --git a/tests/test_files.py b/tests/test_files.py
index fe6c36a2..35270e7b 100644
--- a/tests/test_files.py
+++ b/tests/test_files.py
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ def test_flat_rootname(original: str, flat: str) -> None:
 
 def globs_to_regex_params(
     patterns: Iterable[str],
-    case_insensitive: bool=False,
-    partial: bool=False,
-    matches: Iterable[str]=(),
-    nomatches: Iterable[str]=(),
+    case_insensitive: bool = False,
+    partial: bool = False,
+    matches: Iterable[str] = (),
+    nomatches: Iterable[str] = (),
 ) -> Iterator[Any]:
     """Generate parameters for `test_globs_to_regex`.
 
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class PathAliasesTest(CoverageTest):
             expected = files.canonical_filename(out)
         assert mapped == expected
 
-    def assert_unchanged(self, aliases: PathAliases, inp: str, exists: bool=True) -> None:
+    def assert_unchanged(self, aliases: PathAliases, inp: str, exists: bool = True) -> None:
         """Assert that `inp` mapped through `aliases` is unchanged."""
         assert aliases.map(inp, exists=lambda p: exists) == inp
 
diff --git a/tests/test_html.py b/tests/test_html.py
index 5960962e..8893993c 100644
--- a/tests/test_html.py
+++ b/tests/test_html.py
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class HtmlTestHelpers(CoverageTest):
 
     def run_coverage(
         self,
-        covargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]=None,
-        htmlargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]=None,
+        covargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        htmlargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Run coverage.py on main_file.py, and create an HTML report."""
         self.clean_local_file_imports()
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class FileWriteTracker:
     def __init__(self, written: Set[str]) -> None:
         self.written = written
 
-    def open(self, filename: str, mode: str="r") -> IO[str]:
+    def open(self, filename: str, mode: str = "r") -> IO[str]:
         """Be just like `open`, but write written file names to `self.written`."""
         if mode.startswith("w"):
             self.written.add(filename.replace('\\', '/'))
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ class HtmlDeltaTest(HtmlTestHelpers, CoverageTest):
 
     def run_coverage(
         self,
-        covargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]=None,
-        htmlargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]=None,
+        covargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        htmlargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> float:
         """Run coverage in-process for the delta tests.
 
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ def filepath_to_regex(path: str) -> str:
 def compare_html(
     expected: str,
     actual: str,
-    extra_scrubs: Optional[List[Tuple[str, str]]]=None,
+    extra_scrubs: Optional[List[Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Specialized compare function for our HTML files."""
     __tracebackhide__ = True    # pytest, please don't show me this function.
diff --git a/tests/test_lcov.py b/tests/test_lcov.py
index 95bc5fee..30065a8d 100644
--- a/tests/test_lcov.py
+++ b/tests/test_lcov.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class LcovTest(CoverageTest):
                     self.assertAlmostEqual(cuboid_volume(5.5),166.375)
             """)
 
-    def get_lcov_report_content(self, filename: str="coverage.lcov") -> str:
+    def get_lcov_report_content(self, filename: str = "coverage.lcov") -> str:
         """Return the content of an LCOV report."""
         with open(filename, "r") as file:
             return file.read()
diff --git a/tests/test_xml.py b/tests/test_xml.py
index a6a15281..005f9d5a 100644
--- a/tests/test_xml.py
+++ b/tests/test_xml.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class XmlTestHelpers(CoverageTest):
         self.start_import_stop(cov, "main")
         return cov
 
-    def make_tree(self, width: int, depth: int, curdir: str=".") -> None:
+    def make_tree(self, width: int, depth: int, curdir: str = ".") -> None:
         """Make a tree of packages.
 
         Makes `width` directories, named d0 .. d{width-1}. Each directory has
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ class XmlPackageStructureTest(XmlTestHelpers, CoverageTest):
         assert [elt.text for elt in elts] == ["src"]
 
 
-def compare_xml(expected: str, actual: str, actual_extra: bool=False) -> None:
+def compare_xml(expected: str, actual: str, actual_extra: bool = False) -> None:
     """Specialized compare function for our XML files."""
     source_path = coverage.files.relative_directory().rstrip(r"\/")