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----
cmd2
----
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:alt: License
:Author: Catherine Devlin, http://catherinedevlin.blogspot.com
`cmd2` is a tool for writing command-line interactive applications. It is based on the Python Standard Library's `cmd` module, and can be used anyplace `cmd` is used simply by importing `cmd2` instead.
`cmd2` provides the following features, in addition to those already existing in `cmd`:
- Searchable command history
- Load commands from file, save to file, edit commands in file
- Multi-line commands
- Case-insensitive commands
- Special-character shortcut commands (beyond cmd's `@` and `!`)
- Settable environment parameters
- Parsing commands with flags
- Redirection to file with `>`, `>>`; input from file with `<`
- Bare '>', '>>' with no filename send output to paste buffer
- Pipe output to shell commands with `|`
- Simple transcript-based application testing
Instructions for implementing each feature follow.
- Searchable command history
All commands will automatically be tracked in the session's history, unless the command is listed in Cmd's excludeFromHistory attribute.
The history is accessed through the `history`, `list`, and `run` commands
(and their abbreviations: `hi`, `li`, `l`, `r`).
If you wish to exclude some of your custom commands from the history, append their names
to the list at Cmd.ExcludeFromHistory.
- Load commands from file, save to file, edit commands in file
Type `help load`, `help save`, `help edit` for details.
- Multi-line commands
Any command accepts multi-line input when its name is listed in `Cmd.multilineCommands`.
The program will keep expecting input until a line ends with any of the characters
in `Cmd.terminators` . The default terminators are `;` and `/n` (empty newline).
- Case-insensitive commands
All commands are case-insensitive, unless `Cmd.caseInsensitive` is set to `False`.
- Special-character shortcut commands (beyond cmd's "@" and "!")
To create a single-character shortcut for a command, update `Cmd.shortcuts`.
- Settable environment parameters
To allow a user to change an environment parameter during program execution,
append the parameter's name to `Cmd.settable`.
- Parsing commands with `optparse` options (flags)
::
@options([make_option('-m', '--myoption', action="store_true", help="all about my option")])
def do_myfunc(self, arg, opts):
if opts.myoption:
...
See Python standard library's `optparse` documentation: http://docs.python.org/lib/optparse-defining-options.html
cmd2 can be installed from a Linux distribution using their default package manager or `pip install cmd2`
**Official documentation** for the `latest release <http://cmd2.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_, `development <http://cmd2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ and `0.6.9 <http://cmd2.readthedocs.io/en/0.6.9/>`_
PyPI page: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/cmd2
A nice step-by-step tutorial: https://kushaldas.in/posts/developing-command-line-interpreters-using-python-cmd2.html
Example cmd2 application (example/example.py) ::
'''A sample application for cmd2.'''
from cmd2 import Cmd, make_option, options
class CmdLineApp(Cmd):
multilineCommands = ['orate']
Cmd.shortcuts.update({'&': 'speak'})
maxrepeats = 3
Cmd.settable.append('maxrepeats')
# Setting this true makes it run a shell command if a cmd2/cmd command doesn't exist
# default_to_shell = True
@options([make_option('-p', '--piglatin', action="store_true", help="atinLay"),
make_option('-s', '--shout', action="store_true", help="N00B EMULATION MODE"),
make_option('-r', '--repeat', type="int", help="output [n] times")
])
def do_speak(self, arg, opts=None):
"""Repeats what you tell me to."""
arg = ''.join(arg)
if opts.piglatin:
arg = '%s%say' % (arg[1:], arg[0])
if opts.shout:
arg = arg.upper()
repetitions = opts.repeat or 1
for i in range(min(repetitions, self.maxrepeats)):
self.stdout.write(arg)
self.stdout.write('\n')
# self.stdout.write is better than "print", because Cmd can be
# initialized with a non-standard output destination
do_say = do_speak # now "say" is a synonym for "speak"
do_orate = do_speak # another synonym, but this one takes multi-line input
if __name__ == '__main__':
c = CmdLineApp()
c.cmdloop()
The following is a sample session running example.py.
Thanks to Cmd2's built-in transcript testing capability, it also serves as a test
suite for example.py when saved as `exampleSession.txt`.
Running `python example.py -t exampleSession.txt` will run all the commands in the
transcript against `example.py`, verifying that the output produced
matches the transcript.
example/exampleSession.txt::
(Cmd) help
Documented commands (type help <topic>):
========================================
_load ed history list pause run set show
_relative_load edit l load py save shell speak
cmdenvironment hi li orate r say shortcuts
Undocumented commands:
======================
EOF eof exit help q quit
(Cmd) help say
Repeats what you tell me to.
Usage: speak [options] arg
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-p, --piglatin atinLay
-s, --shout N00B EMULATION MODE
-r REPEAT, --repeat=REPEAT
output [n] times
(Cmd) say goodnight, Gracie
goodnight, Gracie
(Cmd) say -ps --repeat=5 goodnight, Gracie
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
(Cmd) set maxrepeats 5
maxrepeats - was: 3
now: 5
(Cmd) say -ps --repeat=5 goodnight, Gracie
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
(Cmd) hi
-------------------------[1]
help
-------------------------[2]
help say
-------------------------[3]
say goodnight, Gracie
-------------------------[4]
say -ps --repeat=5 goodnight, Gracie
-------------------------[5]
set maxrepeats 5
-------------------------[6]
say -ps --repeat=5 goodnight, Gracie
(Cmd) run 4
say -ps --repeat=5 goodnight, Gracie
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
OODNIGHT, GRACIEGAY
(Cmd) orate Four score and
> seven releases ago
> our BDFL
> blah blah blah
Four score and
seven releases ago
our BDFL
blah blah blah
(Cmd) & look, a shortcut!
look, a shortcut!
(Cmd) set prompt "---> "
prompt - was: (Cmd)
now: --->
---> say goodbye
goodbye
|
