Block insecure options and protocols by default

pycharm yells at me without this

Since the URL is passed directly to git clone, and the remote-ext helper
will happily execute shell commands, so by default disallow URLs that
contain a "::" unless a new unsafe_protocols kwarg is passed.
(CVE-2022-24439)

Fixes #1515

Add `--` in some commands that receive user input
and if interpreted as options could lead to remote
code execution (RCE).

There may be more commands that could benefit from `--`
so the input is never interpreted as an option,
but most of those aren't dangerous.

Fixed commands:

- push
- pull
- fetch
- clone/clone_from and friends
- archive (not sure if this one can be exploited, but it doesn't hurt
  adding `--` :))

For anyone using GitPython and exposing any of the GitPython methods to users,
make sure to always validate the input (like if starts with `--`).
And for anyone allowing users to pass arbitrary options, be aware
that some options may lead fo RCE, like `--exc`, `--upload-pack`,
`--receive-pack`, `--config` (https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/pull/1516).

Ref https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/issues/1517

The `git blame` CLI offers a repeated `-C` option that can be used to detect
lines that move within/between files. While a slower operation, it yields more
accurate authorship reports.
https://git-scm.com/docs/git-blame#Documentation/git-blame.txt--Cltnumgt

While GitPython does enable passing custom kwargs to the command line `git`
invocation, the fact that kwargs is a dictionary (i.e. no duplicate keys) means
that there was no way to request the `-C` option in `git blame` more than once.

This commit adds an optional `rev_opts` parameter to the `blame` method which
accepts a list of strings to propagate to the CLI invocation of `git blame`. By
using a `List[str]` for `rev_opts`, users of GitPython can pass now the `-C`
option multiple times to get more detailed authorship reports from `git blame`.

docs: add typerror exception to active_branch method

fix: sphinx syntax

add author