Partially revert "Disable localisation when SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is set (#10949)" (#11343)

This keeps some of the added tests, and avoids a full revert of ``sphinx.locale``.

11 files changed, 18 insertions, 74 deletions

diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index da414f1e2..d37710b54 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -97,8 +97,6 @@ Bugs fixed
 * #11192: Restore correct parallel search index building.
   Patch by Jeremy Maitin-Shepard
 * Use the new Transifex ``tx`` client
-* #9778: Disable localisation when the ``SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`` environment
-  variable is set, to assist with 'reproducible builds'. Patch by James Addison
 
 Testing
 --------
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
index 5b7478e77..2bf14672d 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class StandaloneHTMLBuilder(Builder):
         # typically doesn't include the time of day
         lufmt = self.config.html_last_updated_fmt
         if lufmt is not None:
-            self.last_updated = format_date(lufmt or str(_('%b %d, %Y')),
+            self.last_updated = format_date(lufmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
                                             language=self.config.language)
         else:
             self.last_updated = None
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
index b8472a3c0..8efa3ad1c 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class LaTeXBuilder(Builder):
         if self.config.today:
             self.context['date'] = self.config.today
         else:
-            self.context['date'] = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or str(_('%b %d, %Y')),
+            self.context['date'] = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
                                                language=self.config.language)
 
         if self.config.latex_logo:
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/std.py b/sphinx/domains/std.py
index ad28c9f2c..d1a6b048f 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/std.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/std.py
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ class Cmdoption(ObjectDescription[str]):
 
         # create an index entry
         if currprogram:
-            descr = str(_('%s command line option') % currprogram)
+            descr = _('%s command line option') % currprogram
         else:
-            descr = str(_('command line option'))
+            descr = _('command line option')
         for option in signode.get('allnames', []):
             entry = '; '.join([descr, option])
             self.indexnode['entries'].append(('pair', entry, signode['ids'][0], '', None))
diff --git a/sphinx/locale/__init__.py b/sphinx/locale/__init__.py
index 8bc7a2673..c92640576 100644
--- a/sphinx/locale/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/locale/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import locale
 from gettext import NullTranslations, translation
-from os import getenv, path
+from os import path
 from typing import Any, Callable
 
 
@@ -105,22 +105,10 @@ def init(
     if translator.__class__ is NullTranslations:
         translator = None
 
-    if getenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH') is not None:
-        # Disable localization during reproducible source builds
-        # See https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/
-        #
-        # Note: Providing an empty/none value to gettext.translation causes
-        # it to consult various language-related environment variables to find
-        # locale(s).  We don't want that during a reproducible build; we want
-        # to run through the same code path, but to return NullTranslations.
-        #
-        # To achieve that, specify the ISO-639-3 'undetermined' language code,
-        # which should not match any translation catalogs.
-        languages: list[str] | None = ['und']
-    elif language:
+    if language:
         if '_' in language:
             # for language having country code (like "de_AT")
-            languages = [language, language.split('_')[0]]
+            languages: list[str] | None = [language, language.split('_')[0]]
         else:
             languages = [language]
     else:
@@ -203,7 +191,12 @@ def get_translation(catalog: str, namespace: str = 'general') -> Callable[[str],
     .. versionadded:: 1.8
     """
     def gettext(message: str) -> str:
-        return _TranslationProxy(catalog, namespace, message)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        if not is_translator_registered(catalog, namespace):
+            # not initialized yet
+            return _TranslationProxy(catalog, namespace, message)  # type: ignore[return-value]  # noqa: E501
+        else:
+            translator = get_translator(catalog, namespace)
+            return translator.gettext(message)
 
     return gettext
 
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py b/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
index 2045a7426..f36473084 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class DefaultSubstitutions(SphinxTransform):
                 text = self.config[refname]
                 if refname == 'today' and not text:
                     # special handling: can also specify a strftime format
-                    text = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or str(_('%b %d, %Y')),
+                    text = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
                                        language=self.config.language)
                 ref.replace_self(nodes.Text(text))
 
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/manpage.py b/sphinx/writers/manpage.py
index 0731e9722..1e57f48ad 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/manpage.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/manpage.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class ManualPageTranslator(SphinxTranslator, BaseTranslator):
         if self.config.today:
             self._docinfo['date'] = self.config.today
         else:
-            self._docinfo['date'] = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or str(_('%b %d, %Y')),
+            self._docinfo['date'] = format_date(self.config.today_fmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
                                                 language=self.config.language)
         self._docinfo['copyright'] = self.config.copyright
         self._docinfo['version'] = self.config.version
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
index 697943768..927e74f34 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class TexinfoTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
             'project': self.escape(self.config.project),
             'copyright': self.escape(self.config.copyright),
             'date': self.escape(self.config.today or
-                                format_date(self.config.today_fmt or str(_('%b %d, %Y')),
+                                format_date(self.config.today_fmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
                                             language=self.config.language)),
         })
         # title
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/text.py b/sphinx/writers/text.py
index d78d600f8..3bce03ac6 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/text.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/text.py
@@ -791,8 +791,8 @@ class TextTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
 
     def visit_image(self, node: Element) -> None:
         if 'alt' in node.attributes:
-            self.add_text(str(_('[image: %s]') % node['alt']))
-        self.add_text(str(_('[image]')))
+            self.add_text(_('[image: %s]') % node['alt'])
+        self.add_text(_('[image]'))
         raise nodes.SkipNode
 
     def visit_transition(self, node: Element) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/test_locale.py b/tests/test_locale.py
index 1d90473ca..11dd95db9 100644
--- a/tests/test_locale.py
+++ b/tests/test_locale.py
@@ -74,25 +74,3 @@ def test_init_environment_language(rootdir, monkeypatch):
         m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
         _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
         assert _('Hello world') == 'Tere maailm'
-
-
-def test_init_reproducible_build_language(rootdir, monkeypatch):
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", "0")
-        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "en_US:en")
-        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
-        sde_en_translation = str(_('Hello world'))  # str cast to evaluate lazy method
-
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", "0")
-        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
-        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
-        sde_et_translation = str(_('Hello world'))  # str cast to evaluate lazy method
-
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
-        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
-        loc_et_translation = str(_('Hello world'))  # str cast to evaluate lazy method
-
-    assert sde_en_translation == sde_et_translation
-    assert sde_et_translation != loc_et_translation
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inventory.py b/tests/test_util_inventory.py
index 675bba06b..2833d979e 100644
--- a/tests/test_util_inventory.py
+++ b/tests/test_util_inventory.py
@@ -114,28 +114,3 @@ def test_inventory_localization(tempdir):
 
     # Ensure that the inventory contents differ
     assert inventory_et.read_bytes() != inventory_en.read_bytes()
-
-
-def test_inventory_reproducible(tempdir, monkeypatch):
-    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
-        # Configure reproducible builds
-        # See: https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/
-        m.setenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", "0")
-
-        # Build an app using Estonian (EE) locale
-        srcdir_et = _write_appconfig(tempdir, "et")
-        reproducible_inventory_et = _build_inventory(srcdir_et)
-
-        # Build the same app using English (US) locale
-        srcdir_en = _write_appconfig(tempdir, "en")
-        reproducible_inventory_en = _build_inventory(srcdir_en)
-
-    # Also build the app using Estonian (EE) locale without build reproducibility enabled
-    srcdir_et = _write_appconfig(tempdir, "et", prefix="localized")
-    localized_inventory_et = _build_inventory(srcdir_et)
-
-    # Ensure that the reproducible inventory contents are identical
-    assert reproducible_inventory_et.read_bytes() == reproducible_inventory_en.read_bytes()
-
-    # Ensure that inventory contents are different between a localized and non-localized build
-    assert reproducible_inventory_et.read_bytes() != localized_inventory_et.read_bytes()