Added new keywords :paramref:`.Sequence.cache` and
:paramref:`.Sequence.order` to :class:`.Sequence`, to allow rendering
of the CACHE parameter understood by Oracle and PostgreSQL, and the
ORDER parameter understood by Oracle.  Pull request
courtesy David Moore.

Change-Id: I082c3f8ef56ef89dbaad5da9d5695be5313b0614
Pull-request: https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/pull-requests/96

Added a new kind of :func:`.bindparam` called "expanding".  This is
for use in ``IN`` expressions where the list of elements is rendered
into individual bound parameters at statement execution time, rather
than at statement compilation time.  This allows both a single bound
parameter name to be linked to an IN expression of multiple elements,
as well as allows query caching to be used with IN expressions.  The
new feature allows the related features of "select in" loading and
"polymorphic in" loading to make use of the baked query extension
to reduce call overhead.   This feature should be considered to be
**experimental** for 1.2.

Fixes: #3953
Change-Id: Ie708414a3ab9c0af29998a2c7f239ff7633b1f6e

Changed the mechanics of :class:`.ResultProxy` to unconditionally
delay the "autoclose" step until the :class:`.Connection` is done
with the object; in the case where Postgresql ON CONFLICT with
RETURNING returns no rows, autoclose was occurring in this previously
non-existent use case, causing the usual autocommit behavior that
occurs unconditionally upon INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE to fail.

Change-Id: I235a25daf4381b31f523331f810ea04450349722
Fixes: #3955
(cherry picked from commit 8ee363e4917b0dcd64a83b6d26e465c9e61e0ea5)
(cherry picked from commit f52fb5282a046d26b6ee2778e03b995eb117c2ee)

Fixed bug where a SQL-oriented Python-side column default could fail to
be executed properly upon INSERT in the "pre-execute" codepath, if the
SQL itself were an untyped expression, such as plain text.  The "pre-
execute" codepath is fairly uncommon however can apply to non-integer
primary key columns with SQL defaults when RETURNING is not used.

Tests exist here to ensure typing is applied to
a typed expression for default, but in the case of
an untyped SQL value, we know the type from the column,
so apply this.

Change-Id: I5d8b391611c137b9f700115a50a2bf5b30abfe94
Fixes: #3923

Added an exception handler that will warn for the "cause" exception on
Py2K when the "autorollback" feature of :class:`.Connection` itself
raises an exception. In Py3K, the two exceptions are naturally reported
by the interpreter as one occurring during the handling of the other.
This is continuing with the series of changes for rollback failure
handling that were last visited as part of :ticket:`2696` in 1.0.12.

Change-Id: I600ba455a14ebaea27c6189889181f97c632f179
Fixes: #3946

Added native "pessimistic disconnection" handling to the :class:`.Pool`
object.  The new parameter :paramref:`.Pool.pre_ping`, available from
the engine as :paramref:`.create_engine.pool_pre_ping`, applies an
efficient form of the "pre-ping" recipe featured in the pooling
documentation, which upon each connection check out, emits a simple
statement, typically "SELECT 1", to test the connection for liveness.
If the existing connection is no longer able to respond to commands,
the connection is transparently recycled, and all other connections
made prior to the current timestamp are invalidated.

Change-Id: I89700d0075e60abd2250e54b9bd14daf03c71c00
Fixes: #3919

After bump minimum supported version to 2.7 (1da9d3752160430c91534a8868ceb8c5ad1451d4), we can use new syntax.

Change-Id: Ib064c75a00562e641d132f9c57e5e69744200e05
Pull-request: https://github.com/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/pull/347

Added support for SQL comments on :class:`.Table` and :class:`.Column`
objects, via the new :paramref:`.Table.comment` and
:paramref:`.Column.comment` arguments.   The comments are included
as part of DDL on table creation, either inline or via an appropriate
ALTER statement, and are also reflected back within table reflection,
as well as via the :class:`.Inspector`.   Supported backends currently
include MySQL, Postgresql, and Oracle.

Co-authored-by: Mike Bayer <mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com>
Fixes: #1546
Change-Id: Ib90683850805a2b4ee198e420dc294f32f15d35d

Fixed bug where in the unusual case of passing a
:class:`.Compiled` object directly to :meth:`.Connection.execute`,
the dialect with which the :class:`.Compiled` object were generated
was not consulted for the paramstyle of the string statement, instead
assuming it would match the dialect-level paramstyle, causing
mismatches to occur.

Change-Id: I114e4db2183fbb75bb7c0b0641f5a161855696ee
Fixes: #3938

The longstanding behavior of the :meth:`.Operators.in_` and
:meth:`.Operators.not_in_` operators emitting a warning when
the right-hand condition is an empty sequence has been revised;
a new flag :paramref:`.create_engine.empty_in_strategy` allows an
empty "IN" expression to generate a simple boolean expression, or
to invoke the previous behavior of dis-equating the expression to
itself, with or without a warning.  The default behavior is now
to emit the simple boolean expression, allowing an empty IN to
be evaulated without any performance penalty.

Change-Id: I65cc37f2d7cf65a59bf217136c42fee446929352
Fixes: #3907