scalar values, for comparisons to None to also take into account
the association record itself being non-present, in addition to the
existing test for the scalar endpoint on the association record
being NULL.  Previously, comparing ``Cls.scalar == None`` would return
records for which ``Cls.associated`` were present and
``Cls.associated.scalar`` is None, but not rows for which
``Cls.associated`` is non-present.  More significantly, the
inverse operation ``Cls.scalar != None`` *would* return ``Cls``
rows for which ``Cls.associated`` was non-present.

Additionally, added a special use case where you
can call ``Cls.scalar.has()`` with no arguments,
when ``Cls.scalar`` is a column-based value - this returns whether or
not ``Cls.associated`` has any rows present, regardless of whether
or not ``Cls.associated.scalar`` is NULL or not.
[ticket:2751]

as possible

- went through examples/ and cleaned out excess list() calls

associated with the ORM or its extensions can be retrieved.
This fulfills the common request of being able to inspect
all :class:`.QueryableAttribute` descriptors in addition to
extension types such as :class:`.hybrid_property` and
:class:`.AssociationProxy`.  See :attr:`.Mapper.all_orm_descriptors`.