with a :class:`.SchemaType` implementation, typically :class:`.Enum`
or :class:`.Boolean` with regards to ensuring that the per-table
events are propagated from the implementation type to the outer type.
These events are used
to ensure that the constraints or Postgresql types (e.g. ENUM)
are correctly created (and possibly dropped) along with the parent
table.
fixes #2919

``<function> WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY <criteria>)``, using the
method :class:`.FunctionElement.within_group`.  A series of common
set-aggregate functions with return types derived from the set have
been added. This includes functions like :class:`.percentile_cont`,
:class:`.dense_rank` and others.
fixes #1370
- make sure we use func.name for all _literal_as_binds in functions.py
so we get consistent naming behavior for parameters.

which automatically returns an :class:`.Array` of the correct type
and supports index / slice operations.   As arrays are only
supported on Postgresql at the moment, only actually works on
Postgresql. fixes #3132

- any/all work for Array as well as subqueries, accepted by MySQL
- Postgresql ARRAY now subclasses Array
- fixes #3516

by mock and other __getattr__ impostors

or mapped instances into contexts where they are interpreted as
SQL bound parameters; a new exception is raised for this.
fixes #3321

"super" instead of hardcoding to "self.type" for the default return
value, the base Comparator was returning other_comparator.type.   It's
not clear what the rationale for this was, though in theory the
base Comparator should possibly even throw an exception if the two
types aren't the same (or of the same affinity?) .
- mysql.SET was broken on this because the bitwise version adds "0"
to the value to force an integer within column_expression, we are doing type_coerces here
now in any case so that there is no type ambiguity for this
operation

- The "hashable" flag on special datatypes such as :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`,
:class:`.postgresql.JSON` and :class:`.postgresql.HSTORE` is now
set to False, which allows these types to be fetchable in ORM
queries that include entities within the row.  fixes #3499
- The Postgresql :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type now supports multidimensional
indexed access, e.g. expressions such as ``somecol[5][6]`` without
any need for explicit casts or type coercions, provided
that the :paramref:`.postgresql.ARRAY.dimensions` parameter is set to the
desired number of dimensions. fixes #3487
- The return type for the :class:`.postgresql.JSON` and :class:`.postgresql.JSONB`
when using indexed access has been fixed to work like Postgresql itself,
and returns an expression that itself is of type :class:`.postgresql.JSON`
or :class:`.postgresql.JSONB`.  Previously, the accessor would return
:class:`.NullType` which disallowed subsequent JSON-like operators to be
used. part of fixes #3503
- The :class:`.postgresql.JSON`, :class:`.postgresql.JSONB` and
:class:`.postgresql.HSTORE` datatypes now allow full control over the
return type from an indexed textual access operation, either ``column[someindex].astext``
for a JSON type or ``column[someindex]`` for an HSTORE type,
via the :paramref:`.postgresql.JSON.astext_type` and
:paramref:`.postgresql.HSTORE.text_type` parameters. also part of fixes #3503
- The :attr:`.postgresql.JSON.Comparator.astext` modifier no longer
calls upon :meth:`.ColumnElement.cast` implicitly, as PG's JSON/JSONB
types allow cross-casting between each other as well.  Code that
makes use of :meth:`.ColumnElement.cast` on JSON indexed access,
e.g. ``col[someindex].cast(Integer)``, will need to be changed
to call :attr:`.postgresql.JSON.Comparator.astext` explicitly.  This is
part of the refactor in references #3503 for consistency in operator
use.

such as :meth:`.Query.union` now handle the case where the embedded
SELECT statements need to be parenthesized due to the fact that they
include LIMIT, OFFSET and/or ORDER BY.   These queries **do not work
on SQLite**, and will fail on that backend as they did before, but
should now work on all other backends.
fixes #2528

- test for .cast() method has no good place now except for
test_cast in test_compiler.py