Support SQLite WITHOUT ROWID tables

This adds support for creating tables WITHOUT ROWID in the SQLite
dialect. WITHOUT ROWID tables were introduced in SQLite version 3.8.2
(2013-12-06). They do not use an implicit rowid column as the primary
key. This may result in space and performance savings for tables without
INTEGER primary keys and tables with composite primary keys. For more
information about this feature, see the sqlite documentation [1].

[1] https://www.sqlite.org/withoutrowid.html

Fixes: #5685

### Checklist
This pull request is:

- [x] A new feature implementation
	- please include the issue number, and create an issue if none exists, which must
	  include a complete example of how the feature would look.
	- Please include: `Fixes: #<issue number>` in the commit message
	- please include tests.

Closes: #5686
Pull-request: https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/pull/5686
Pull-request-sha: 2b44782d1b3d858e31ce1ff8e08e197af37344d8

Change-Id: Ifcf727b0c07c90e267b79828a8e3fd7a8260a074

3 files changed, 43 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/doc/build/changelog/unreleased_13/5685.rst b/doc/build/changelog/unreleased_13/5685.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f98cfa5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/build/changelog/unreleased_13/5685.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. change::
+    :tags: sqlite, usecase
+    :tickets: 5685
+
+    Added ``sqlite_with_rowid=False`` dialect keyword to enable creating
+    tables as ``CREATE TABLE … WITHOUT ROWID``. Patch courtesy Sean Anderson.
diff --git a/lib/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/base.py b/lib/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/base.py
index 5efd0d9c9..aead99147 100644
--- a/lib/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/base.py
+++ b/lib/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/base.py
@@ -583,6 +583,21 @@ or on a per-:class:`_engine.Engine` basis::
 When using the per-:class:`_engine.Engine` execution option, note that
 **Core and ORM queries that use UNION may not function properly**.
 
+SQLite-specific table options
+-----------------------------
+
+One option for CREATE TABLE is supported directly by the SQLite
+dialect in conjunction with the :class:`_schema.Table` construct:
+
+* ``WITHOUT ROWID``::
+
+    Table("some_table", metadata, ..., sqlite_with_rowid=False)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+    `SQLite CREATE TABLE options
+    <https://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html>`_
+
 """  # noqa
 
 import datetime
@@ -1259,6 +1274,11 @@ class SQLiteDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
 
         return text
 
+    def post_create_table(self, table):
+        if table.dialect_options["sqlite"]["with_rowid"] is False:
+            return "\n WITHOUT ROWID"
+        return ""
+
 
 class SQLiteTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
     def visit_large_binary(self, type_, **kw):
@@ -1466,7 +1486,13 @@ class SQLiteDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
     isolation_level = None
 
     construct_arguments = [
-        (sa_schema.Table, {"autoincrement": False}),
+        (
+            sa_schema.Table,
+            {
+                "autoincrement": False,
+                "with_rowid": True,
+            },
+        ),
         (sa_schema.Index, {"where": None}),
         (
             sa_schema.Column,
diff --git a/test/dialect/test_sqlite.py b/test/dialect/test_sqlite.py
index d06cd48f5..57529aeb6 100644
--- a/test/dialect/test_sqlite.py
+++ b/test/dialect/test_sqlite.py
@@ -1161,6 +1161,16 @@ class SQLTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
             ),
         )
 
+    def test_create_table_without_rowid(self):
+        m = MetaData()
+        tbl = Table(
+            "atable", m, Column("id", Integer), sqlite_with_rowid=False
+        )
+        self.assert_compile(
+            schema.CreateTable(tbl),
+            "CREATE TABLE atable (id INTEGER) WITHOUT ROWID",
+        )
+
 
 class OnConflictDDLTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):