import contextlib

import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import Identity
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy import testing
from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper
from sqlalchemy.orm import close_all_sessions
from sqlalchemy.orm import column_property
from sqlalchemy.orm import configure_mappers
from sqlalchemy.orm import declared_attr
from sqlalchemy.orm import deferred
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapped_column
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from sqlalchemy.orm import with_polymorphic
from sqlalchemy.orm.decl_api import registry
from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises
from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises_message
from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_
from sqlalchemy.testing import expect_raises_message
from sqlalchemy.testing import expect_warnings
from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures
from sqlalchemy.testing import is_
from sqlalchemy.testing import is_false
from sqlalchemy.testing import is_true
from sqlalchemy.testing.fixtures import fixture_session
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Column
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Table

Base = None


class DeclarativeTestBase(fixtures.TestBase, testing.AssertsExecutionResults):
    def setup_test(self):
        global Base
        self.mapper_registry = registry()
        Base = self.mapper_registry.generate_base()

    def teardown_test(self):
        close_all_sessions()
        self.mapper_registry.dispose()
        Base.metadata.drop_all(testing.db)


class DeclarativeInheritanceTest(
    testing.AssertsCompiledSQL, DeclarativeTestBase
):
    __dialect__ = "default"

    @testing.emits_warning(r".*does not indicate a 'polymorphic_identity'")
    def test_we_must_copy_mapper_args(self):
        class Person(Base):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_on": discriminator,
                "polymorphic_identity": "person",
            }

        class Engineer(Person):

            primary_language = Column(String(50))

        assert "inherits" not in Person.__mapper_args__
        assert class_mapper(Engineer).polymorphic_identity is None
        assert class_mapper(Engineer).polymorphic_on is Person.__table__.c.type

    @testing.variation("directive", ["declared_attr", "da_directive"])
    def test_declared_attr_mapped_args(self, directive):
        class Employee(Base):
            __tablename__ = "employee"

            id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
            type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))

            if directive.declared_attr:

                @declared_attr
                def __mapper_args__(cls):
                    if cls.__name__ == "Employee":
                        return {
                            "polymorphic_on": cls.type,
                            "polymorphic_identity": "Employee",
                        }
                    else:
                        return {"polymorphic_identity": cls.__name__}

            elif directive.da_directive:

                @declared_attr.directive
                def __mapper_args__(cls):
                    if cls.__name__ == "Employee":
                        return {
                            "polymorphic_on": cls.type,
                            "polymorphic_identity": "Employee",
                        }
                    else:
                        return {"polymorphic_identity": cls.__name__}

            else:
                directive.fail()

        class Engineer(Employee):
            pass

        eq_(class_mapper(Engineer).polymorphic_identity, "Engineer")
        eq_(class_mapper(Employee).polymorphic_identity, "Employee")

    def test_we_must_only_copy_column_mapper_args(self):
        class Person(Base):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            a = Column(Integer)
            b = Column(Integer)
            c = Column(Integer)
            d = Column(Integer)
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_on": discriminator,
                "polymorphic_identity": "person",
                "version_id_col": "a",
                "column_prefix": "bar",
                "include_properties": ["id", "a", "b"],
            }

        assert class_mapper(Person).version_id_col == "a"
        assert class_mapper(Person).include_properties == {"id", "a", "b"}

    def test_custom_join_condition(self):
        class Foo(Base):

            __tablename__ = "foo"
            id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Bar(Foo):

            __tablename__ = "bar"
            bar_id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
            foo_id = Column("foo_id", Integer)
            __mapper_args__ = {"inherit_condition": foo_id == Foo.id}

        # compile succeeds because inherit_condition is honored

        configure_mappers()

    def test_joined(self):
        class Company(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "companies"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            employees = relationship("Person")

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            company_id = Column(
                "company_id", Integer, ForeignKey("companies.id")
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )
            primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))

        class Manager(Person):

            __tablename__ = "managers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )
            golf_swing = Column("golf_swing", String(50))

        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        c1 = Company(
            name="MegaCorp, Inc.",
            employees=[
                Engineer(name="dilbert", primary_language="java"),
                Engineer(name="wally", primary_language="c++"),
                Manager(name="dogbert", golf_swing="fore!"),
            ],
        )

        c2 = Company(
            name="Elbonia, Inc.",
            employees=[Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol")],
        )
        sess.add(c1)
        sess.add(c2)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Company)
            .filter(
                Company.employees.of_type(Engineer).any(
                    Engineer.primary_language == "cobol"
                )
            )
            .first(),
            c2,
        )

        # ensure that the Manager mapper was compiled with the Manager id
        # column as higher priority. this ensures that "Manager.id"
        # is appropriately treated as the "id" column in the "manager"
        # table (reversed from 0.6's behavior.)

        eq_(
            Manager.id.property.columns,
            [Manager.__table__.c.id, Person.__table__.c.id],
        )

        # assert that the "id" column is available without a second
        # load. as of 0.7, the ColumnProperty tests all columns
        # in its list to see which is present in the row.

        sess.expunge_all()

        def go():
            assert (
                sess.query(Manager).filter(Manager.name == "dogbert").one().id
            )

        self.assert_sql_count(testing.db, go, 1)
        sess.expunge_all()

        def go():
            assert (
                sess.query(Person).filter(Manager.name == "dogbert").one().id
            )

        self.assert_sql_count(testing.db, go, 1)

    def test_add_subcol_after_the_fact(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        Engineer.primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        e1 = Engineer(primary_language="java", name="dilbert")
        sess.add(e1)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person).first(),
            Engineer(primary_language="java", name="dilbert"),
        )

    def test_add_parentcol_after_the_fact(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        Person.name = Column("name", String(50))
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        e1 = Engineer(primary_language="java", name="dilbert")
        sess.add(e1)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person).first(),
            Engineer(primary_language="java", name="dilbert"),
        )

    def test_add_sub_parentcol_after_the_fact(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        class Admin(Engineer):

            __tablename__ = "admins"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "admin"}
            workstation = Column(String(50))
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("engineers.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        Person.name = Column("name", String(50))
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        e1 = Admin(primary_language="java", name="dilbert", workstation="foo")
        sess.add(e1)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person).first(),
            Admin(primary_language="java", name="dilbert", workstation="foo"),
        )

    def test_subclass_mixin(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class MyMixin:

            pass

        class Engineer(MyMixin, Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True
            )
            primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))

        assert class_mapper(Engineer).inherits is class_mapper(Person)

    def test_intermediate_abstract_class_on_classical(self):
        class Person:
            pass

        person_table = Table(
            "people",
            Base.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("kind", String(50)),
        )

        self.mapper_registry.map_imperatively(
            Person,
            person_table,
            polymorphic_on="kind",
            polymorphic_identity="person",
        )

        class SpecialPerson(Person):
            __abstract__ = True

        class Manager(SpecialPerson, Base):
            __tablename__ = "managers"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Person.id), primary_key=True)
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}

        from sqlalchemy import inspect

        assert inspect(Manager).inherits is inspect(Person)

        eq_(set(class_mapper(Person).class_manager), {"id", "kind"})
        eq_(set(class_mapper(Manager).class_manager), {"id", "kind"})

    def test_intermediate_unmapped_class_on_classical(self):
        class Person:
            pass

        person_table = Table(
            "people",
            Base.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("kind", String(50)),
        )

        self.mapper_registry.map_imperatively(
            Person,
            person_table,
            polymorphic_on="kind",
            polymorphic_identity="person",
        )

        class SpecialPerson(Person):
            pass

        class Manager(SpecialPerson, Base):
            __tablename__ = "managers"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Person.id), primary_key=True)
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}

        from sqlalchemy import inspect

        assert inspect(Manager).inherits is inspect(Person)

        eq_(set(class_mapper(Person).class_manager), {"id", "kind"})
        eq_(set(class_mapper(Manager).class_manager), {"id", "kind"})

    def test_class_w_invalid_multiple_bases(self):
        class Person:
            pass

        person_table = Table(
            "people",
            Base.metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("kind", String(50)),
        )

        self.mapper_registry.map_imperatively(
            Person,
            person_table,
            polymorphic_on="kind",
            polymorphic_identity="person",
        )

        class DeclPerson(Base):
            __tablename__ = "decl_people"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            kind = Column(String(50))

        class SpecialPerson(Person):
            pass

        def go():
            class Manager(SpecialPerson, DeclPerson):
                __tablename__ = "managers"
                id = Column(
                    Integer, ForeignKey(DeclPerson.id), primary_key=True
                )
                __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}

        assert_raises_message(
            sa.exc.InvalidRequestError,
            r"Class .*Manager.* has multiple mapped "
            r"bases: \[.*Person.*DeclPerson.*\]",
            go,
        )

    def test_with_undefined_foreignkey(self):
        class Parent(Base):

            __tablename__ = "parent"
            id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
            tp = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = dict(polymorphic_on=tp)

        class Child1(Parent):

            __tablename__ = "child1"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("parent.id"), primary_key=True
            )
            related_child2 = Column("c2", Integer, ForeignKey("child2.id"))
            __mapper_args__ = dict(polymorphic_identity="child1")

        # no exception is raised by the ForeignKey to "child2" even
        # though child2 doesn't exist yet

        class Child2(Parent):

            __tablename__ = "child2"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, ForeignKey("parent.id"), primary_key=True
            )
            related_child1 = Column("c1", Integer)
            __mapper_args__ = dict(polymorphic_identity="child2")

        sa.orm.configure_mappers()  # no exceptions here

    def test_foreign_keys_with_col(self):
        """Test that foreign keys that reference a literal 'id' subclass
        'id' attribute behave intuitively.

        See [ticket:1892].

        """

        class Booking(Base):
            __tablename__ = "booking"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        class PlanBooking(Booking):
            __tablename__ = "plan_booking"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Booking.id), primary_key=True)

        # referencing PlanBooking.id gives us the column
        # on plan_booking, not booking
        class FeatureBooking(Booking):
            __tablename__ = "feature_booking"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Booking.id), primary_key=True)
            plan_booking_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(PlanBooking.id))

            plan_booking = relationship(
                PlanBooking, backref="feature_bookings"
            )

        assert FeatureBooking.__table__.c.plan_booking_id.references(
            PlanBooking.__table__.c.id
        )

        assert FeatureBooking.__table__.c.id.references(Booking.__table__.c.id)

    def test_single_colsonbase(self):
        """test single inheritance where all the columns are on the base
        class."""

        class Company(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "companies"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            employees = relationship("Person")

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            company_id = Column(
                "company_id", Integer, ForeignKey("companies.id")
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))
            golf_swing = Column("golf_swing", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}

        class Manager(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}

        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        c1 = Company(
            name="MegaCorp, Inc.",
            employees=[
                Engineer(name="dilbert", primary_language="java"),
                Engineer(name="wally", primary_language="c++"),
                Manager(name="dogbert", golf_swing="fore!"),
            ],
        )

        c2 = Company(
            name="Elbonia, Inc.",
            employees=[Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol")],
        )
        sess.add(c1)
        sess.add(c2)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person)
            .filter(Engineer.primary_language == "cobol")
            .first(),
            Engineer(name="vlad"),
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Company)
            .filter(
                Company.employees.of_type(Engineer).any(
                    Engineer.primary_language == "cobol"
                )
            )
            .first(),
            c2,
        )

    def test_single_colsonsub(self):
        """test single inheritance where the columns are local to their
        class.

        this is a newer usage.

        """

        class Company(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "companies"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            employees = relationship("Person")

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            company_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("companies.id"))
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))

        class Manager(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
            golf_swing = Column(String(50))

        # we have here a situation that is somewhat unique. the Person
        # class is mapped to the "people" table, but it was mapped when
        # the table did not include the "primary_language" or
        # "golf_swing" columns.  declarative will also manipulate the
        # exclude_properties collection so that sibling classes don't
        # cross-pollinate.

        assert Person.__table__.c.company_id is not None
        assert Person.__table__.c.golf_swing is not None
        assert Person.__table__.c.primary_language is not None
        assert Engineer.primary_language is not None
        assert Manager.golf_swing is not None
        assert not hasattr(Person, "primary_language")
        assert not hasattr(Person, "golf_swing")
        assert not hasattr(Engineer, "golf_swing")
        assert not hasattr(Manager, "primary_language")
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        e1 = Engineer(name="dilbert", primary_language="java")
        e2 = Engineer(name="wally", primary_language="c++")
        m1 = Manager(name="dogbert", golf_swing="fore!")
        c1 = Company(name="MegaCorp, Inc.", employees=[e1, e2, m1])
        e3 = Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol")
        c2 = Company(name="Elbonia, Inc.", employees=[e3])
        sess.add(c1)
        sess.add(c2)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person)
            .filter(Engineer.primary_language == "cobol")
            .first(),
            Engineer(name="vlad"),
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Company)
            .filter(
                Company.employees.of_type(Engineer).any(
                    Engineer.primary_language == "cobol"
                )
            )
            .first(),
            c2,
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Engineer).filter_by(primary_language="cobol").one(),
            Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol"),
        )

    def test_single_cols_on_sub_base_of_subquery(self):
        """
        found_during_type_annotation

        """
        t = Table("t", Base.metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True))

        class Person(Base):
            __table__ = select(t).subquery()

        with expect_raises_message(
            sa.exc.ArgumentError,
            r"Can't declare columns on single-table-inherited subclass "
            r".*Contractor.*; superclass .*Person.* is not mapped to a Table",
        ):

            class Contractor(Person):
                contractor_field = Column(String)

    def test_single_cols_on_sub_base_of_joined(self):
        """test [ticket:3895]"""

        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"

            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            type = Column(String)

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": type}

        class Contractor(Person):
            contractor_field = Column(String)

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "contractor"}

        class Employee(Person):
            __tablename__ = "employee"

            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Person.id), primary_key=True)
            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_identity": "employee",
            }

        class Engineer(Employee):
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}

        configure_mappers()

        is_false(hasattr(Person, "contractor_field"))
        is_true(hasattr(Contractor, "contractor_field"))
        is_false(hasattr(Employee, "contractor_field"))
        is_false(hasattr(Engineer, "contractor_field"))

    def test_single_cols_on_sub_to_joined(self):
        """test [ticket:3797]"""

        class BaseUser(Base):
            __tablename__ = "root"

            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            row_type = Column(String)

            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_on": row_type,
                "polymorphic_identity": "baseuser",
            }

        class User(BaseUser):
            __tablename__ = "user"

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "user"}

            baseuser_id = Column(
                Integer, ForeignKey("root.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        class Bat(Base):
            __tablename__ = "bat"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Thing(Base):
            __tablename__ = "thing"

            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

            owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("user.baseuser_id"))
            owner = relationship("User")

        class SubUser(User):
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "subuser"}

            sub_user_custom_thing = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("bat.id"))

        eq_(
            User.__table__.foreign_keys,
            User.baseuser_id.foreign_keys.union(
                SubUser.sub_user_custom_thing.foreign_keys
            ),
        )
        is_true(
            Thing.owner.property.primaryjoin.compare(
                Thing.owner_id == User.baseuser_id
            )
        )

    def test_single_constraint_on_sub(self):
        """test the somewhat unusual case of [ticket:3341]"""

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))

            __hack_args_one__ = sa.UniqueConstraint(
                Person.name, primary_language
            )
            __hack_args_two__ = sa.CheckConstraint(
                Person.name != primary_language
            )

        uq = [
            c
            for c in Person.__table__.constraints
            if isinstance(c, sa.UniqueConstraint)
        ][0]
        ck = [
            c
            for c in Person.__table__.constraints
            if isinstance(c, sa.CheckConstraint)
        ][0]
        eq_(
            list(uq.columns),
            [Person.__table__.c.name, Person.__table__.c.primary_language],
        )
        eq_(
            list(ck.columns),
            [Person.__table__.c.name, Person.__table__.c.primary_language],
        )

    @testing.variation("decl_type", ["legacy", "use_existing_column"])
    @testing.variation("different_attr", [True, False])
    def test_columns_single_inheritance_conflict_resolution(
        self, connection, decl_base, decl_type, different_attr
    ):
        """Test that a declared_attr can return the existing column and it will
        be ignored.  this allows conditional columns to be added.

        See #2472.

        use_existing_column variant is #8822

        different_attr variant is #9332

        """

        class Person(decl_base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column(Integer, Identity(), primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):
            if different_attr:
                if decl_type.legacy:

                    @declared_attr
                    def e_target_id(cls):
                        return cls.__table__.c.get(
                            "target_id",
                            Column(
                                "target_id", Integer, ForeignKey("other.id")
                            ),
                        )

                elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                    e_target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                        "target_id",
                        ForeignKey("other.id"),
                        use_existing_column=True,
                    )
            else:
                if decl_type.legacy:

                    @declared_attr
                    def target_id(cls):
                        return cls.__table__.c.get(
                            "target_id",
                            Column(Integer, ForeignKey("other.id")),
                        )

                elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                    target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                        ForeignKey("other.id"), use_existing_column=True
                    )

            target = relationship("Other")

        class Manager(Person):
            if different_attr:
                if decl_type.legacy:

                    @declared_attr
                    def m_target_id(cls):
                        return cls.__table__.c.get(
                            "target_id",
                            Column(
                                "target_id", Integer, ForeignKey("other.id")
                            ),
                        )

                elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                    m_target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                        "target_id",
                        ForeignKey("other.id"),
                        use_existing_column=True,
                    )
            else:
                if decl_type.legacy:

                    @declared_attr
                    def target_id(cls):
                        return cls.__table__.c.get(
                            "target_id",
                            Column(Integer, ForeignKey("other.id")),
                        )

                elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                    target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                        ForeignKey("other.id"), use_existing_column=True
                    )

            target = relationship("Other")

        class Other(decl_base):
            __tablename__ = "other"
            id = Column(Integer, Identity(), primary_key=True)

        if different_attr:
            is_(
                Engineer.e_target_id.property.columns[0],
                Person.__table__.c.target_id,
            )
            is_(
                Manager.m_target_id.property.columns[0],
                Person.__table__.c.target_id,
            )
            self.assert_compile(
                select(Engineer.e_target_id),
                "SELECT person.target_id FROM person",
            )
            self.assert_compile(
                select(Manager.m_target_id),
                "SELECT person.target_id FROM person",
            )
        else:
            is_(
                Engineer.target_id.property.columns[0],
                Person.__table__.c.target_id,
            )
            is_(
                Manager.target_id.property.columns[0],
                Person.__table__.c.target_id,
            )

        # do a brief round trip on this
        decl_base.metadata.create_all(connection)
        with Session(connection) as session:
            o1, o2 = Other(), Other()
            session.add_all(
                [Engineer(target=o1), Manager(target=o2), Manager(target=o1)]
            )
            session.commit()
            eq_(session.query(Engineer).first().target, o1)

    @testing.variation("omit_from_statements", [True, False])
    @testing.variation("combine_on_b", [True, False])
    @testing.variation("c_first", [True, False])
    def test_use_existing_column_other_inh_types(
        self, decl_base, omit_from_statements, combine_on_b, c_first
    ):
        """test additional fixes to use_existing_column, adding
        some new use cases with "omit_from_statements" which in this case
        is essentially the same as adding it to the mapper exclude_cols
        list.

        """

        class A(decl_base):
            __tablename__ = "a"

            id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
            data: Mapped[str]
            extra: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                use_existing_column=True,
                _omit_from_statements=bool(omit_from_statements),
            )

        if c_first:

            class C(A):
                foo: Mapped[str]
                extra: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                    use_existing_column=True,
                    _omit_from_statements=bool(omit_from_statements),
                )

        if not combine_on_b and not omit_from_statements:
            ctx = expect_warnings(
                "Implicitly combining column a.extra with column b.extra",
            )
        else:
            ctx = contextlib.nullcontext()

        with ctx:

            class B(A):
                __tablename__ = "b"
                id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                    ForeignKey("a.id"), primary_key=True
                )
                if combine_on_b:
                    extra: Mapped[int] = column_property(
                        mapped_column(
                            _omit_from_statements=bool(omit_from_statements)
                        ),
                        A.extra,
                    )
                else:
                    extra: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                        use_existing_column=True,
                        _omit_from_statements=bool(omit_from_statements),
                    )

        if not c_first:

            class C(A):  # noqa: F811
                foo: Mapped[str]
                extra: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                    use_existing_column=True,
                    _omit_from_statements=bool(omit_from_statements),
                )

        if bool(omit_from_statements):
            self.assert_compile(select(A), "SELECT a.id, a.data FROM a")
        else:
            self.assert_compile(
                select(A), "SELECT a.id, a.data, a.extra FROM a"
            )

        if bool(omit_from_statements) and not combine_on_b:
            self.assert_compile(
                select(B),
                "SELECT b.id, a.id AS id_1, a.data "
                "FROM a JOIN b ON a.id = b.id",
            )
        else:
            # if we combine_on_b we made a column_property, which brought
            # out "extra" even if it was omit_from_statements.  this should be
            # expected
            self.assert_compile(
                select(B),
                "SELECT b.id, a.id AS id_1, a.data, b.extra, "
                "a.extra AS extra_1 FROM a JOIN b ON a.id = b.id",
            )

    @testing.variation("decl_type", ["legacy", "use_existing_column"])
    def test_columns_single_inheritance_conflict_resolution_pk(
        self, decl_base, decl_type
    ):
        """Test #2472 in terms of a primary key column.  This is
        #4352.

        """

        class Person(decl_base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

            target_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):

            """single table inheritance"""

            if decl_type.legacy:

                @declared_attr
                def target_id(cls):
                    return cls.__table__.c.get(
                        "target_id", Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
                    )

            elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                    primary_key=True, use_existing_column=True
                )

        class Manager(Person):

            """single table inheritance"""

            if decl_type.legacy:

                @declared_attr
                def target_id(cls):
                    return cls.__table__.c.get(
                        "target_id", Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
                    )

            elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                target_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
                    primary_key=True, use_existing_column=True
                )

        is_(
            Engineer.target_id.property.columns[0],
            Person.__table__.c.target_id,
        )
        is_(
            Manager.target_id.property.columns[0], Person.__table__.c.target_id
        )

    @testing.variation("decl_type", ["legacy", "use_existing_column"])
    def test_columns_single_inheritance_cascading_resolution_pk(
        self, decl_type, decl_base
    ):
        """An additional test for #4352 in terms of the requested use case."""

        class TestBase(decl_base):
            __abstract__ = True

            if decl_type.legacy:

                @declared_attr.cascading
                def id(cls):  # noqa: A001
                    col_val = None
                    if TestBase not in cls.__bases__:
                        col_val = cls.__table__.c.get("id")
                    if col_val is None:
                        col_val = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
                    return col_val

            elif decl_type.use_existing_column:
                id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(  # noqa: A001
                    primary_key=True, use_existing_column=True
                )

        class Person(TestBase):
            """single table base class"""

            __tablename__ = "person"

        class Engineer(Person):
            """single table inheritance, no extra cols"""

        class Manager(Person):
            """single table inheritance, no extra cols"""

        is_(Engineer.id.property.columns[0], Person.__table__.c.id)
        is_(Manager.id.property.columns[0], Person.__table__.c.id)

    def test_joined_from_single(self):
        class Company(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "companies"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            employees = relationship("Person")

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            company_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("companies.id"))
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Manager(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
            golf_swing = Column(String(50))

        class Engineer(Person):

            __tablename__ = "engineers"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True)
            primary_language = Column(String(50))

        assert Person.__table__.c.golf_swing is not None
        assert "primary_language" not in Person.__table__.c
        assert Engineer.__table__.c.primary_language is not None
        assert Engineer.primary_language is not None
        assert Manager.golf_swing is not None
        assert not hasattr(Person, "primary_language")
        assert not hasattr(Person, "golf_swing")
        assert not hasattr(Engineer, "golf_swing")
        assert not hasattr(Manager, "primary_language")
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        e1 = Engineer(name="dilbert", primary_language="java")
        e2 = Engineer(name="wally", primary_language="c++")
        m1 = Manager(name="dogbert", golf_swing="fore!")
        c1 = Company(name="MegaCorp, Inc.", employees=[e1, e2, m1])
        e3 = Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol")
        c2 = Company(name="Elbonia, Inc.", employees=[e3])
        sess.add(c1)
        sess.add(c2)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()

        wp = with_polymorphic(Person, [Engineer])
        eq_(
            sess.query(wp)
            .filter(wp.Engineer.primary_language == "cobol")
            .first(),
            Engineer(name="vlad"),
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Company)
            .filter(
                Company.employees.of_type(Engineer).any(
                    Engineer.primary_language == "cobol"
                )
            )
            .first(),
            c2,
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Engineer).filter_by(primary_language="cobol").one(),
            Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language="cobol"),
        )

    def test_single_from_joined_colsonsub(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Manager(Person):
            __tablename__ = "manager"
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("people.id"), primary_key=True)
            golf_swing = Column(String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_identity": "manager",
            }

        class Boss(Manager):
            boss_name = Column(String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {
                "polymorphic_identity": "boss",
            }

        is_(
            Boss.__mapper__.column_attrs["boss_name"].columns[0],
            Manager.__table__.c.boss_name,
        )

    def test_polymorphic_on_converted_from_inst(self):
        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "A"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            discriminator = Column(String)

            @declared_attr
            def __mapper_args__(cls):
                return {
                    "polymorphic_identity": cls.__name__,
                    "polymorphic_on": cls.discriminator,
                }

        class B(A):
            pass

        is_(B.__mapper__.polymorphic_on, A.__table__.c.discriminator)

    def test_add_deferred(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                "id", Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )

        Person.name = deferred(Column(String(10)))
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        p = Person(name="ratbert")
        sess.add(p)
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(sess.query(Person).all(), [Person(name="ratbert")])
        sess.expunge_all()
        person = sess.query(Person).filter(Person.name == "ratbert").one()
        assert "name" not in person.__dict__

    def test_single_fksonsub(self):
        """test single inheritance with a foreign key-holding column on
        a subclass.

        """

        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("languages.id"))
            primary_language = relationship("Language")

        class Language(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "languages"
            id = Column(
                Integer, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
            )
            name = Column(String(50))

        assert not hasattr(Person, "primary_language_id")
        Base.metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        sess = fixture_session()
        java, cpp, cobol = (
            Language(name="java"),
            Language(name="cpp"),
            Language(name="cobol"),
        )
        e1 = Engineer(name="dilbert", primary_language=java)
        e2 = Engineer(name="wally", primary_language=cpp)
        e3 = Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language=cobol)
        sess.add_all([e1, e2, e3])
        sess.flush()
        sess.expunge_all()
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person)
            .filter(Engineer.primary_language.has(Language.name == "cobol"))
            .first(),
            Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language=Language(name="cobol")),
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Engineer)
            .filter(Engineer.primary_language.has(Language.name == "cobol"))
            .one(),
            Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language=Language(name="cobol")),
        )
        eq_(
            sess.query(Person)
            .join(Engineer.primary_language)
            .order_by(Language.name)
            .all(),
            [
                Engineer(name="vlad", primary_language=Language(name="cobol")),
                Engineer(name="wally", primary_language=Language(name="cpp")),
                Engineer(
                    name="dilbert", primary_language=Language(name="java")
                ),
            ],
        )

    def test_single_three_levels(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))

        class JuniorEngineer(Engineer):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "junior_engineer"}
            nerf_gun = Column(String(50))

        class Manager(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
            golf_swing = Column(String(50))

        assert JuniorEngineer.nerf_gun
        assert JuniorEngineer.primary_language
        assert JuniorEngineer.name
        assert Manager.golf_swing
        assert Engineer.primary_language
        assert not hasattr(Engineer, "golf_swing")
        assert not hasattr(Engineer, "nerf_gun")
        assert not hasattr(Manager, "nerf_gun")
        assert not hasattr(Manager, "primary_language")

    def test_single_detects_conflict(self):
        class Person(Base):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
            name = Column(String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        class Engineer(Person):

            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
            primary_language = Column(String(50))

        # test sibling col conflict

        def go():
            class Manager(Person):

                __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
                golf_swing = Column(String(50))
                primary_language = Column(String(50))

        assert_raises(sa.exc.ArgumentError, go)

        # test parent col conflict

        def go():
            class Salesman(Person):

                __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "manager"}
                name = Column(String(50))

        assert_raises(sa.exc.ArgumentError, go)

    def test_single_no_special_cols(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        def go():
            class Engineer(Person):

                __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
                primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))
                foo_bar = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        assert_raises_message(sa.exc.ArgumentError, "place primary key", go)

    def test_single_no_table_args(self):
        class Person(Base, fixtures.ComparableEntity):

            __tablename__ = "people"
            id = Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True)
            name = Column("name", String(50))
            discriminator = Column("type", String(50))
            __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": discriminator}

        def go():
            class Engineer(Person):

                __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "engineer"}
                primary_language = Column("primary_language", String(50))

                # this should be on the Person class, as this is single
                # table inheritance, which is why we test that this
                # throws an exception!

                __table_args__ = {"mysql_engine": "InnoDB"}

        assert_raises_message(sa.exc.ArgumentError, "place __table_args__", go)

    @testing.emits_warning("This declarative")
    def test_dupe_name_in_hierarchy(self):
        class A(Base):
            __tablename__ = "a"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        a_1 = A

        class A(a_1):
            __tablename__ = "b"
            id = Column(Integer(), ForeignKey(a_1.id), primary_key=True)

        assert A.__mapper__.inherits is a_1.__mapper__


class OverlapColPrecedenceTest(DeclarativeTestBase):

    """test #1892 cases when declarative does column precedence."""

    def _run_test(self, Engineer, e_id, p_id):
        p_table = Base.metadata.tables["person"]
        e_table = Base.metadata.tables["engineer"]
        assert Engineer.id.property.columns[0] is e_table.c[e_id]
        assert Engineer.id.property.columns[1] is p_table.c[p_id]

    def test_basic(self):
        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):
            __tablename__ = "engineer"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True)

        self._run_test(Engineer, "id", "id")

    def test_alt_name_base(self):
        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column("pid", Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):
            __tablename__ = "engineer"
            id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("person.pid"), primary_key=True)

        self._run_test(Engineer, "id", "pid")

    def test_alt_name_sub(self):
        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):
            __tablename__ = "engineer"
            id = Column(
                "eid", Integer, ForeignKey("person.id"), primary_key=True
            )

        self._run_test(Engineer, "eid", "id")

    def test_alt_name_both(self):
        class Person(Base):
            __tablename__ = "person"
            id = Column("pid", Integer, primary_key=True)

        class Engineer(Person):
            __tablename__ = "engineer"
            id = Column(
                "eid", Integer, ForeignKey("person.pid"), primary_key=True
            )

        self._run_test(Engineer, "eid", "pid")