from sqlalchemy import and_ from sqlalchemy import case from sqlalchemy import cast from sqlalchemy import Column from sqlalchemy import func from sqlalchemy import Integer from sqlalchemy import literal_column from sqlalchemy import MetaData from sqlalchemy import select from sqlalchemy import String from sqlalchemy import Table from sqlalchemy import testing from sqlalchemy import text from sqlalchemy.sql import column from sqlalchemy.sql import table from sqlalchemy.testing import AssertsCompiledSQL from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_ from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures info_table = None class CaseTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL): __dialect__ = "default" @classmethod def setup_test_class(cls): metadata = MetaData() global info_table info_table = Table( "infos", metadata, Column("pk", Integer, primary_key=True), Column("info", String(30)), ) with testing.db.begin() as conn: info_table.create(conn) conn.execute( info_table.insert(), [ {"pk": 1, "info": "pk_1_data"}, {"pk": 2, "info": "pk_2_data"}, {"pk": 3, "info": "pk_3_data"}, {"pk": 4, "info": "pk_4_data"}, {"pk": 5, "info": "pk_5_data"}, {"pk": 6, "info": "pk_6_data"}, ], ) @classmethod def teardown_test_class(cls): with testing.db.begin() as conn: info_table.drop(conn) @testing.requires.subqueries def test_case(self, connection): inner = select( case( (info_table.c.pk < 3, "lessthan3"), (and_(info_table.c.pk >= 3, info_table.c.pk < 7), "gt3"), ).label("x"), info_table.c.pk, info_table.c.info, ).select_from(info_table) inner_result = connection.execute(inner).all() # Outputs: # lessthan3 1 pk_1_data # lessthan3 2 pk_2_data # gt3 3 pk_3_data # gt3 4 pk_4_data # gt3 5 pk_5_data # gt3 6 pk_6_data eq_( inner_result, [ ("lessthan3", 1, "pk_1_data"), ("lessthan3", 2, "pk_2_data"), ("gt3", 3, "pk_3_data"), ("gt3", 4, "pk_4_data"), ("gt3", 5, "pk_5_data"), ("gt3", 6, "pk_6_data"), ], ) outer = select(inner.alias("q_inner")) outer_result = connection.execute(outer).all() assert outer_result == [ ("lessthan3", 1, "pk_1_data"), ("lessthan3", 2, "pk_2_data"), ("gt3", 3, "pk_3_data"), ("gt3", 4, "pk_4_data"), ("gt3", 5, "pk_5_data"), ("gt3", 6, "pk_6_data"), ] w_else = select( case( [info_table.c.pk < 3, cast(3, Integer)], [and_(info_table.c.pk >= 3, info_table.c.pk < 6), 6], else_=0, ).label("x"), info_table.c.pk, info_table.c.info, ).select_from(info_table) else_result = connection.execute(w_else).all() eq_( else_result, [ (3, 1, "pk_1_data"), (3, 2, "pk_2_data"), (6, 3, "pk_3_data"), (6, 4, "pk_4_data"), (6, 5, "pk_5_data"), (0, 6, "pk_6_data"), ], ) def test_literal_interpretation_one(self): """note this is modified as of #7287 to accept strings, tuples and other literal values as input where they are interpreted as bound values just like any other expression. Previously, an exception would be raised that the literal was ambiguous. """ self.assert_compile( case(("x", "y")), "CASE WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 END", checkparams={"param_1": "x", "param_2": "y"}, ) def test_literal_interpretation_two(self): """note this is modified as of #7287 to accept strings, tuples and other literal values as input where they are interpreted as bound values just like any other expression. Previously, an exception would be raised that the literal was ambiguous. """ self.assert_compile( case( (("x", "y"), "z"), ), "CASE WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 END", checkparams={"param_1": ("x", "y"), "param_2": "z"}, ) def test_literal_interpretation_two_point_five(self): """note this is modified as of #7287 to accept strings, tuples and other literal values as input where they are interpreted as bound values just like any other expression. Previously, an exception would be raised that the literal was ambiguous. """ self.assert_compile( case( (12, "z"), ), "CASE WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 END", checkparams={"param_1": 12, "param_2": "z"}, ) def test_literal_interpretation_three(self): t = table("test", column("col1")) self.assert_compile( case(("x", "y"), value=t.c.col1), "CASE test.col1 WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 END", ) self.assert_compile( case((t.c.col1 == 7, "y"), else_="z"), "CASE WHEN (test.col1 = :col1_1) THEN :param_1 ELSE :param_2 END", ) @testing.combinations( ( (lambda t: ({"x": "y"}, t.c.col1, None)), "CASE test.col1 WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 END", ), ( (lambda t: ({"x": "y", "p": "q"}, t.c.col1, None)), "CASE test.col1 WHEN :param_1 THEN :param_2 " "WHEN :param_3 THEN :param_4 END", ), ( (lambda t: ({t.c.col1 == 7: "x"}, None, 10)), "CASE WHEN (test.col1 = :col1_1) THEN :param_1 ELSE :param_2 END", ), ( (lambda t: ({t.c.col1 == 7: "x", t.c.col1 == 10: "y"}, None, 10)), "CASE WHEN (test.col1 = :col1_1) THEN :param_1 " "WHEN (test.col1 = :col1_2) THEN :param_2 ELSE :param_3 END", ), argnames="test_case, expected", ) def test_when_dicts(self, test_case, expected): t = table("test", column("col1")) when_dict, value, else_ = testing.resolve_lambda(test_case, t=t) self.assert_compile( case(when_dict, value=value, else_=else_), expected ) def test_text_doesnt_explode(self, connection): for s in [ select( case( (info_table.c.info == "pk_4_data", text("'yes'")), else_=text("'no'"), ) ).order_by(info_table.c.info), select( case( ( info_table.c.info == "pk_4_data", literal_column("'yes'"), ), else_=literal_column("'no'"), ) ).order_by(info_table.c.info), ]: eq_( connection.execute(s).all(), [("no",), ("no",), ("no",), ("yes",), ("no",), ("no",)], ) def test_text_doenst_explode_even_in_whenlist(self): """test #7287""" self.assert_compile( case( (text(":case = 'upper'"), func.upper(literal_column("q"))), else_=func.lower(literal_column("q")), ), "CASE WHEN :case = 'upper' THEN upper(q) ELSE lower(q) END", ) def testcase_with_dict(self): query = select( case( { info_table.c.pk < 3: "lessthan3", info_table.c.pk >= 3: "gt3", }, else_="other", ), info_table.c.pk, info_table.c.info, ).select_from(info_table) eq_( query.execute().fetchall(), [ ("lessthan3", 1, "pk_1_data"), ("lessthan3", 2, "pk_2_data"), ("gt3", 3, "pk_3_data"), ("gt3", 4, "pk_4_data"), ("gt3", 5, "pk_5_data"), ("gt3", 6, "pk_6_data"), ], ) simple_query = ( select( case( {1: "one", 2: "two"}, value=info_table.c.pk, else_="other" ), info_table.c.pk, ) .where(info_table.c.pk < 4) .select_from(info_table) ) assert simple_query.execute().fetchall() == [ ("one", 1), ("two", 2), ("other", 3), ]