Added Test environment.

23 files changed, 17092 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/ALL-TESTS.rb b/test/ALL-TESTS.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4014cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ALL-TESTS.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+$:.unshift "../lib"
+
+Dir.chdir File.dirname(__FILE__)
+Dir["**/tc_*.rb"].each { |file| load file }
diff --git a/test/ruby/1.in.rb b/test/ruby/1.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5baffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/1.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+class String

+    def / regex

+        scan(regex).first

+    end

+end

+

+module Bytes

+    KILOBYTE, MEGABYTE, GIGABYTE, TERABYTE, PETABYTE = (1..5).map { |x| 2 ** (10 * x) }

+    FactorOfSuffix = Hash.new(1)

+    constants.each do |c|

+        FactorOfSuffix[c[0,1]] = const_get c

+    end

+   

+    def Bytes.factor_of_suffix suff

+        FactorOfSuffix[suff]

+    end

+   

+    def Bytes.[] str

+        n, fac = str / /(.+)([A-Z])/

+        n = n.to_i

+        fac = factor_of_suffix fac

+        n * fac

+    end

+end

+

+class String

+    def to_bytes

+        Bytes[self]

+    end

+end

+

+p '01K'.to_bytes

+p '%d - %p' % [Bytes.constants.size, self]

+

+p 'abc' / /([ac])/

+

+p 'abc' + /([ac])/

+p 'abc' - /([ac])/

+p 'abc' * /([ac])/

+p 'abc' ** /([ac])/

+p 'abc' % /([ac])/

+p 'abc' ~ /([ac])/

+

+require 'benchmark'

+S = 'bla' * 100 + "\n" + "\t"*4

+T = 200000

+

+Benchmark.bm(1) do |bm|

+    GC.sweep

+    bm.report('?') { T.times { S.index(?\n) } }

+    GC.sweep

+    bm.report('"') { T.times { S.index("\n") } }

+    GC.sweep

+    bm.report('/') { T.times { S.index(/\n/) } }

+    GC.sweep

+end

+

+  def next?()

+    !end?

+  end

+  # Rewinds the generator.

+  def rewind()

+    initialize(nil, &@block) if @index.nonzero?

+

+    self

+  end

+

+a = []

+a << a

+p a  #-> [[...]]

+

+# format.rb: Written by Tadayoshi Funaba 1999-2004

+# $Id: format.rb,v 2.14 2004-11-06 10:58:40+09 tadf Exp $

+

+require 'rational'

+

+class Date

+

+  MONTHS = {

+    'january'  => 1, 'february' => 2, 'march'    => 3, 'april'    => 4,

+    'may'      => 5, 'june'     => 6, 'july'     => 7, 'august'   => 8,

+    'september'=> 9, 'october'  =>10, 'november' =>11, 'december' =>12

+  }

+

+  DAYS = {

+    'sunday'   => 0, 'monday'   => 1, 'tuesday'  => 2, 'wednesday'=> 3,

+    'thursday' => 4, 'friday'   => 5, 'saturday' => 6

+  }

+

+  ABBR_MONTHS = {

+    'jan'      => 1, 'feb'      => 2, 'mar'      => 3, 'apr'      => 4,

+    'may'      => 5, 'jun'      => 6, 'jul'      => 7, 'aug'      => 8,

+    'sep'      => 9, 'oct'      =>10, 'nov'      =>11, 'dec'      =>12

+  }

+

+  ABBR_DAYS = {

+    'sun'      => 0, 'mon'      => 1, 'tue'      => 2, 'wed'      => 3,

+    'thu'      => 4, 'fri'      => 5, 'sat'      => 6

+  }

+

+  ZONES = {

+    'ut'  =>  0*3600, 'gmt' =>  0*3600, 'est' => -5*3600, 'edt' => -4*3600,

+    'cst' => -6*3600, 'cdt' => -5*3600, 'mst' => -7*3600, 'mdt' => -6*3600,

+    'pst' => -8*3600, 'pdt' => -7*3600,

+    'a'   =>  1*3600, 'b'   =>  2*3600, 'c'   =>  3*3600, 'd'   =>  4*3600,

+    'e'   =>  5*3600, 'f'   =>  6*3600, 'g'   =>  7*3600, 'h'   =>  8*3600,

+    'i'   =>  9*3600, 'k'   => 10*3600, 'l'   => 11*3600, 'm'   => 12*3600,

+    'n'   => -1*3600, 'o'   => -2*3600, 'p'   => -3*3600, 'q'   => -4*3600,

+    'r'   => -5*3600, 's'   => -6*3600, 't'   => -7*3600, 'u'   => -8*3600,

+    'v'   => -9*3600, 'w'   =>-10*3600, 'x'   =>-11*3600, 'y'   =>-12*3600,

+    'z'   =>  0*3600,

+    'utc' =>  0*3600, 'wet' =>  0*3600, 'bst' =>  1*3600, 'wat' => -1*3600,

+    'at'  => -2*3600, 'ast' => -4*3600, 'adt' => -3*3600, 'yst' => -9*3600,

+    'ydt' => -8*3600, 'hst' =>-10*3600, 'hdt' => -9*3600, 'cat' =>-10*3600,

+    'ahst'=>-10*3600, 'nt'  =>-11*3600, 'idlw'=>-12*3600, 'cet' =>  1*3600,

+    'met' =>  1*3600, 'mewt'=>  1*3600, 'mest'=>  2*3600, 'mesz'=>  2*3600,

+    'swt' =>  1*3600, 'sst' =>  2*3600, 'fwt' =>  1*3600, 'fst' =>  2*3600,

+    'eet' =>  2*3600, 'bt'  =>  3*3600, 'zp4' =>  4*3600, 'zp5' =>  5*3600,

+    'zp6' =>  6*3600, 'wast'=>  7*3600, 'wadt'=>  8*3600, 'cct' =>  8*3600,

+    'jst' =>  9*3600, 'east'=> 10*3600, 'eadt'=> 11*3600, 'gst' => 10*3600,

+    'nzt' => 12*3600, 'nzst'=> 12*3600, 'nzdt'=> 13*3600, 'idle'=> 12*3600

+  }

+

+  def self.__strptime(str, fmt, elem)

+    fmt.scan(/%[EO]?.|./o) do |c|

+      cc = c.sub(/\A%[EO]?(.)\Z/o, '%\\1')

+      case cc

+      when /\A\s/o

+    str.sub!(/\A[\s\v]+/o, '')

+      when '%A', '%a'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([a-z]+)\b/io, '')

+    val = DAYS[$1.downcase] || ABBR_DAYS[$1.downcase]

+    return unless val

+    elem[:wday] = val

+      when '%B', '%b', '%h'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([a-z]+)\b/io, '')

+    val = MONTHS[$1.downcase] || ABBR_MONTHS[$1.downcase]

+    return unless val

+    elem[:mon] = val

+      when '%C'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    elem[:cent] = val

+      when '%c'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y', elem)

+      when '%D'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%m/%d/%y', elem)

+      when '%d', '%e'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A ?(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..31) === val

+    elem[:mday] = val

+      when '%F'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%Y-%m-%d', elem)

+      when '%G'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([-+]?\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    elem[:cwyear] = val

+      when '%g'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..99) === val

+    elem[:cwyear] = val

+    elem[:cent] ||= if val >= 69 then 19 else 20 end

+      when '%H', '%k'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A ?(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..24) === val

+    elem[:hour] = val

+      when '%I', '%l'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A ?(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..12) === val

+    elem[:hour] = val

+      when '%j'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..366) === val

+    elem[:yday] = val

+      when '%M'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..59) === val

+    elem[:min] = val

+      when '%m'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..12) === val

+    elem[:mon] = val

+      when '%n'

+    return unless __strptime(str, ' ', elem)

+      when '%p', '%P'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([ap])(?:m\b|\.m\.)/io, '')

+    elem[:merid] = if $1.downcase == 'a' then 0 else 12 end

+      when '%R'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%H:%M', elem)

+      when '%r'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%I:%M:%S %p', elem)

+      when '%S'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..60) === val

+    elem[:sec] = val

+      when '%s'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    elem[:seconds] = val

+      when '%T'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%H:%M:%S', elem)

+      when '%t'

+    return unless __strptime(str, ' ', elem)

+      when '%U', '%W'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..53) === val

+    elem[if c == '%U' then :wnum0 else :wnum1 end] = val

+      when '%u'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..7) === val

+    elem[:cwday] = val

+      when '%V'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (1..53) === val

+    elem[:cweek] = val

+      when '%v'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%e-%b-%Y', elem)

+      when '%w'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..6) === val

+    elem[:wday] = val

+      when '%X'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%H:%M:%S', elem)

+      when '%x'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%m/%d/%y', elem)

+      when '%Y'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([-+]?\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    elem[:year] = val

+      when '%y'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    return unless (0..99) === val

+    elem[:year] = val

+    elem[:cent] ||= if val >= 69 then 19 else 20 end

+      when '%Z', '%z'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A([-+:a-z0-9]+(?:\s+dst\b)?)/io, '')

+    val = $1

+    elem[:zone] = val

+    offset = zone_to_diff(val)

+    elem[:offset] = offset

+      when '%%'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A%/o, '')

+      when '%+'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y', elem)

+=begin

+      when '%.'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i.to_r / (10**$1.size)

+    elem[:sec_fraction] = val

+=end

+      when '%1'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\A(\d+)/o, '')

+    val = $1.to_i

+    elem[:jd] = val

+      when '%2'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%Y-%j', elem)

+      when '%3'

+    return unless __strptime(str, '%F', elem)

+      else

+    return unless str.sub!(Regexp.new('\\A' + Regexp.quote(c)), '')

+      end

+    end

+

+    if cent = elem.delete(:cent)

+      if elem[:cwyear]

+    elem[:cwyear] += cent * 100

+      end

+      if elem[:year]

+    elem[:year] += cent * 100

+      end

+    end

+

+    if merid = elem.delete(:merid)

+      if elem[:hour]

+    elem[:hour] %= 12

+    elem[:hour] += merid

+      end

+    end

+

+    str

+  end

+

+  private_class_method :__strptime

+

+  def self._strptime(str, fmt='%F')

+    elem = {}

+    elem if __strptime(str.dup, fmt, elem)

+  end

+

+  PARSE_MONTHPAT = ABBR_MONTHS.keys.join('|')

+  PARSE_DAYPAT   = ABBR_DAYS.  keys.join('|')

+

+  def self._parse(str, comp=false)

+    str = str.dup

+

+    str.gsub!(/[^-+,.\/:0-9a-z]+/ino, ' ')

+

+    # day

+    if str.sub!(/(#{PARSE_DAYPAT})\S*/ino, ' ')

+      wday = ABBR_DAYS[$1.downcase]

+    end

+

+    # time

+    if str.sub!(

+        /(\d+):(\d+)

+         (?:

+           :(\d+)(?:[,.](\d*))?

+         )?

+         (?:

+           \s*

+           ([ap])(?:m\b|\.m\.)

+         )?

+         (?:

+           \s*

+           (

+             [a-z]+(?:\s+dst)?\b

+           |

+             [-+]\d+(?::?\d+)

+           )

+         )?

+        /inox,

+        ' ')

+      hour = $1.to_i

+      min = $2.to_i

+      sec = $3.to_i if $3

+      if $4

+    sec_fraction = $4.to_i.to_r / (10**$4.size)

+      end

+

+      if $5

+    hour %= 12

+    if $5.downcase == 'p'

+      hour += 12

+    end

+      end

+

+      if $6

+    zone = $6

+      end

+    end

+

+    # eu

+    if str.sub!(

+        /(\d+)\S*

+         \s+

+         (#{PARSE_MONTHPAT})\S*

+         (?:

+           \s+

+           (-?\d+)

+         )?

+        /inox,

+        ' ')

+      mday = $1.to_i

+      mon = ABBR_MONTHS[$2.downcase]

+

+      if $3

+    year = $3.to_i

+    if $3.size > 2

+      comp = false

+    end

+      end

+

+    # us

+    elsif str.sub!(

+           /(#{PARSE_MONTHPAT})\S*

+            \s+

+            (\d+)\S*

+            (?:

+              \s+

+              (-?\d+)

+            )?

+           /inox,

+           ' ')

+      mon = ABBR_MONTHS[$1.downcase]

+      mday = $2.to_i

+

+      if $3

+    year = $3.to_i

+    if $3.size > 2

+      comp = false

+    end

+      end

+

+    # iso

+    elsif str.sub!(/([-+]?\d+)-(\d+)-(-?\d+)/no, ' ')

+      year = $1.to_i

+      mon = $2.to_i

+      mday = $3.to_i

+

+      if $1.size > 2

+    comp = false

+      elsif $3.size > 2

+    comp = false

+    mday, mon, year = year, mon, mday

+      end

+

+    # jis

+    elsif str.sub!(/([MTSH])(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/ino, ' ')

+      e = { 'm'=>1867,

+        't'=>1911,

+        's'=>1925,

+        'h'=>1988

+      }[$1.downcase]

+      year = $2.to_i + e

+      mon = $3.to_i

+      mday = $4.to_i

+

+    # vms

+    elsif str.sub!(/(-?\d+)-(#{PARSE_MONTHPAT})[^-]*-(-?\d+)/ino, ' ')

+      mday = $1.to_i

+      mon = ABBR_MONTHS[$2.downcase]

+      year = $3.to_i

+

+      if $1.size > 2

+    comp = false

+    year, mon, mday = mday, mon, year

+      elsif $3.size > 2

+    comp = false

+      end

+

+    # sla

+    elsif str.sub!(%r|(-?\d+)/(\d+)(?:/(-?\d+))?|no, ' ')

+      mon = $1.to_i

+      mday = $2.to_i

+

+      if $3

+    year = $3.to_i

+    if $3.size > 2

+      comp = false

+    end

+      end

+

+      if $3 && $1.size > 2

+    comp = false

+    year, mon, mday = mon, mday, year

+      end

+

+    # ddd

+    elsif str.sub!(

+           /([-+]?)(\d{4,14})

+            (?:

+              \s*

+              T?

+              \s*

+              (\d{2,6})(?:[,.](\d*))?

+            )?

+            (?:

+              \s*

+              (

+            Z

+              |

+            [-+]\d{2,4}

+              )

+              \b

+            )?

+           /inox,

+           ' ')

+      case $2.size

+      when 4

+    mon  = $2[ 0, 2].to_i

+    mday = $2[ 2, 2].to_i

+      when 6

+    year = ($1 + $2[ 0, 2]).to_i

+    mon  = $2[ 2, 2].to_i

+    mday = $2[ 4, 2].to_i

+      when 8, 10, 12, 14

+    year = ($1 + $2[ 0, 4]).to_i

+    mon  = $2[ 4, 2].to_i

+    mday = $2[ 6, 2].to_i

+    hour = $2[ 8, 2].to_i if $2.size >= 10

+    min  = $2[10, 2].to_i if $2.size >= 12

+    sec  = $2[12, 2].to_i if $2.size >= 14

+    comp = false

+      end

+      if $3

+    case $3.size

+    when 2, 4, 6

+      hour = $3[ 0, 2].to_i

+      min  = $3[ 2, 2].to_i if $3.size >= 4

+      sec  = $3[ 4, 2].to_i if $3.size >= 6

+    end

+      end

+      if $4

+    sec_fraction = $4.to_i.to_r / (10**$4.size)

+      end

+      if $5

+    zone = $5

+      end

+    end

+

+    if str.sub!(/\b(bc\b|bce\b|b\.c\.|b\.c\.e\.)/ino, ' ')

+      if year

+    year = -year + 1

+      end

+    end

+

+    if comp and year

+      if year >= 0 and year <= 99

+    if year >= 69

+      year += 1900

+    else

+      year += 2000

+    end

+      end

+    end

+

+    elem = {}

+    elem[:year] = year if year

+    elem[:mon] = mon if mon

+    elem[:mday] = mday if mday

+    elem[:hour] = hour if hour

+    elem[:min] = min if min

+    elem[:sec] = sec if sec

+    elem[:sec_fraction] = sec_fraction if sec_fraction

+    elem[:zone] = zone if zone

+    offset = zone_to_diff(zone) if zone

+    elem[:offset] = offset if offset

+    elem[:wday] = wday if wday

+    elem

+  end

+

+  def self.zone_to_diff(str)

+    abb, dst = str.downcase.split(/\s+/o, 2)

+    if ZONES.include?(abb)

+      offset  = ZONES[abb]

+      offset += 3600 if dst

+    elsif /\A([-+])(\d{2}):?(\d{2})?\Z/no =~ str

+      offset = $2.to_i * 3600 + $3.to_i * 60

+      offset *= -1 if $1 == '-'

+    end

+    offset

+  end

+

+  def strftime(fmt='%F')

+    o = ''

+    fmt.scan(/%[EO]?.|./o) do |c|

+      cc = c.sub(/^%[EO]?(.)$/o, '%\\1')

+      case cc

+      when '%A'; o << DAYNAMES[wday]

+      when '%a'; o << ABBR_DAYNAMES[wday]

+      when '%B'; o << MONTHNAMES[mon]

+      when '%b'; o << ABBR_MONTHNAMES[mon]

+      when '%C'; o << '%02d' % (year / 100.0).floor        # P2,ID

+      when '%c'; o << strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y')

+      when '%D'; o << strftime('%m/%d/%y')            # P2,ID

+      when '%d'; o << '%02d' % mday

+      when '%e'; o <<  '%2d' % mday

+      when '%F'; o << strftime('%Y-%m-%d')            # ID

+      when '%G'; o << '%.4d' %  cwyear                # ID

+      when '%g'; o << '%02d' % (cwyear % 100)            # ID

+      when '%H'; o << '%02d' %   hour

+      when '%h'; o << strftime('%b')                # P2,ID

+      when '%I'; o << '%02d' % ((hour % 12).nonzero? or 12)

+      when '%j'; o << '%03d' % yday

+      when '%k'; o <<  '%2d' %   hour                # AR,TZ,GL

+      when '%l'; o <<  '%2d' % ((hour % 12).nonzero? or 12)    # AR,TZ,GL

+      when '%M'; o << '%02d' % min

+      when '%m'; o << '%02d' % mon

+      when '%n'; o << "\n"                    # P2,ID

+      when '%P'; o << if hour < 12 then 'am' else 'pm' end    # GL

+      when '%p'; o << if hour < 12 then 'AM' else 'PM' end

+      when '%R'; o << strftime('%H:%M')                # ID

+      when '%r'; o << strftime('%I:%M:%S %p')            # P2,ID

+      when '%S'; o << '%02d' % sec

+      when '%s'                            # TZ,GL

+    d = ajd - self.class.jd_to_ajd(self.class.civil_to_jd(1970,1,1), 0)

+    s = (d * 86400).to_i

+    o << '%d' % s

+      when '%T'; o << strftime('%H:%M:%S')            # P2,ID

+      when '%t'; o << "\t"                    # P2,ID

+      when '%U', '%W'

+    a = self.class.civil_to_jd(year, 1, 1, ns?) + 6

+    k = if c == '%U' then 0 else 1 end

+    w = (jd - (a - ((a - k) + 1) % 7) + 7) / 7

+    o << '%02d' % w

+      when '%u'; o <<   '%d' % cwday                # P2,ID

+      when '%V'; o << '%02d' % cweek                # P2,ID

+      when '%v'; o << strftime('%e-%b-%Y')            # AR,TZ

+      when '%w'; o <<   '%d' % wday

+      when '%X'; o << strftime('%H:%M:%S')

+      when '%x'; o << strftime('%m/%d/%y')

+      when '%Y'; o << '%.4d' %  year

+      when '%y'; o << '%02d' % (year % 100)

+      when '%Z'; o << (if offset.zero? then 'Z' else strftime('%z') end)

+      when '%z'                            # ID

+    o << if offset < 0 then '-' else '+' end

+    of = offset.abs

+    hh, fr = of.divmod(1.to_r/24)

+    mm = fr / (1.to_r/1440)

+    o << '%02d' % hh

+    o << '%02d' % mm

+      when '%%'; o << '%'

+      when '%+'; o << strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y')    # TZ

+=begin

+      when '%.'

+    o << '%06d' % (sec_fraction / (1.to_r/86400/(10**6)))

+=end

+      when '%1'; o <<   '%d' % jd

+      when '%2'; o << strftime('%Y-%j')

+      when '%3'; o << strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

+      else;      o << c

+      end

+    end

+    o

+  end

+

+# alias_method :format, :strftime

+

+  def asctime() strftime('%c') end

+

+  alias_method :ctime, :asctime

+

+end

+

+class DateTime < Date

+

+  def self._strptime(str, fmt='%FT%T%Z')

+    super(str, fmt)

+  end

+

+  def strftime(fmt='%FT%T%Z')

+    super(fmt)

+  end

+

+end

+

+require 'generator'

+a = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]

+b = %w#h a l l o#

+SyncEnumerator.new(a, b).each { |i, j|

+  puts "#{i} & #{j}"

+}

+

+class Signature < Array

+    def === x

+        x.kind_of? Array and zip(x).all? { |me, it| me === it }

+    end

+end

+

+module Chess

+

+    BOARD_RANGE = 1..8

+   

+    class Position

+       

+        attr_reader :x, :y

+       

+        def initialize *args

+            @x, @y = case args

+            when Signature[Fixnum, Fixnum]

+                args

+            when Signature[String]

+                Position.decode args.first

+            else

+                raise ArgumentError, 'wrong number of arguments(one String or two fixnums)'

+            end

+            raise RuntimeError, '%p is out of the chess board' % self unless Position.valid? @x, @y

+        end

+   

+        def inspect

+            'Position(%p, %p)' % [x, y]

+        end

+       

+        def Position.decode pos

+            x, y = pos.split('')

+            return x.upcase[0] - ?A + 1, @y = y[0] - ?0

+        end

+       

+        def Position.valid? x, y

+            BOARD_RANGE.include? x and BOARD_RANGE.include? y

+        end

+    end

+   

+end

+

+p Chess::Position.new('H3')

+SuperString = Class.new String

+p Chess::Position.new(SuperString.new('C5'))

+p Chess::Position.new(3, 6)

+p Chess::Position.new(3, 9)

+

+require 'grammar'

+

+def test_grammars

+    [<<EOG1, <<EOG2, <<EOG3,].map { |g| Grammar.new g }

+Z --> S

+S --> Sb

+S --> bAa

+A --> aSc

+A --> a

+A --> aSb

+EOG1

+

+C --> d

+C --> ABC

+B -->

+B --> c

+A --> B

+A --> a

+EOG2

+

+E - TD

+D - pTD

+D -

+T - FS

+S - uFS

+S -

+F - aEz

+F - i

+EOG3

+end

+

+$trace = false

+test_grammars.each_with_index do |g, i|

+    puts "Grammar #{i} is #{'not ' if g.ll1?}LL(1)."

+end

diff --git a/test/ruby/1.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/1.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6575ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/1.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+reserved(class) class(String)

+    reserved(def) method(/) ident(regex)

+        ident(scan)operator(()ident(regex)operator(\))operator(.)ident(first)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(module) class(Bytes)

+    constant(KILOBYTE)operator(,) constant(MEGABYTE)operator(,) constant(GIGABYTE)operator(,) constant(TERABYTE)operator(,) constant(PETABYTE) operator(=) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(x)operator(|) integer(2) operator(**) operator(()integer(10) operator(*) ident(x)operator(\)) operator(})

+    constant(FactorOfSuffix) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))

+    ident(constants)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|)

+        constant(FactorOfSuffix)operator([)ident(c)operator([)integer(0)operator(,)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) ident(const_get) ident(c)

+    reserved(end)

+   

+    reserved(def) constant(Bytes)operator(.)ident(factor_of_suffix) ident(suff)

+        constant(FactorOfSuffix)operator([)ident(suff)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+   

+    reserved(def) constant(Bytes)operator(.)operator([]) ident(str)

+        ident(n)operator(,) ident(fac) operator(=) ident(str) operator(/) regexp<delimiter(/)content((.+\)([A-Z]\))delimiter(/)>

+        ident(n) operator(=) ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+        ident(fac) operator(=) ident(factor_of_suffix) ident(fac)

+        ident(n) operator(*) ident(fac)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(class) class(String)

+    reserved(def) method(to_bytes)

+        constant(Bytes)operator([)pre_constant(self)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(01K)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(to_bytes)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(%d - %p)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator([)constant(Bytes)operator(.)ident(constants)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) pre_constant(self)operator(])

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(/) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(+) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(-) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(*) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(**) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(%) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(abc)delimiter(')> operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([ac]\))delimiter(/)>

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(benchmark)delimiter(')>

+constant(S) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(bla)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(100) operator(+) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")> operator(+) string<delimiter(")char(\\t)delimiter(")>operator(*)integer(4)

+constant(T) operator(=) integer(200000)

+

+constant(Benchmark)operator(.)ident(bm)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(bm)operator(|)

+    constant(GC)operator(.)ident(sweep)

+    ident(bm)operator(.)ident(report)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(?)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) constant(T)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) constant(S)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()integer(?\\n)operator(\)) operator(}) operator(})

+    constant(GC)operator(.)ident(sweep)

+    ident(bm)operator(.)ident(report)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(")delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) constant(T)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) constant(S)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(}) operator(})

+    constant(GC)operator(.)ident(sweep)

+    ident(bm)operator(.)ident(report)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) constant(T)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) constant(S)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator(}) operator(})

+    constant(GC)operator(.)ident(sweep)

+reserved(end)

+

+  reserved(def) method(next?)operator(()operator(\))

+    operator(!)ident(end?)

+  reserved(end)

+  comment(# Rewinds the generator.)

+  reserved(def) method(rewind)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(initialize)operator(()pre_constant(nil)operator(,) operator(&)instance_variable(@block)operator(\)) reserved(if) instance_variable(@index)operator(.)ident(nonzero?)

+

+    pre_constant(self)

+  reserved(end)

+

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+ident(a) operator(<<) ident(a)

+ident(p) ident(a)  comment(#-> [[...]])

+

+comment(# format.rb: Written by Tadayoshi Funaba 1999-2004)

+comment(# $Id: format.rb,v 2.14 2004-11-06 10:58:40+09 tadf Exp $)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rational)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(class) class(Date)

+

+  constant(MONTHS) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(january)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(february)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(2)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(march)delimiter(')>    operator(=)operator(>) integer(3)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(april)delimiter(')>    operator(=)operator(>) integer(4)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(may)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(5)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(june)delimiter(')>     operator(=)operator(>) integer(6)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(july)delimiter(')>     operator(=)operator(>) integer(7)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(august)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(8)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(september)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(9)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(october)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>)integer(10)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(november)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)integer(11)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(december)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)integer(12)

+  operator(})

+

+  constant(DAYS) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(sunday)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(0)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(monday)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(tuesday)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) integer(2)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wednesday)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(3)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(thursday)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(4)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(friday)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(5)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(saturday)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(6)

+  operator(})

+

+  constant(ABBR_MONTHS) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(jan)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(feb)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(2)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mar)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(3)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(apr)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(4)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(may)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(5)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(jun)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(6)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(jul)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(7)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(aug)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(8)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(sep)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(9)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(oct)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>)integer(10)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(nov)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>)integer(11)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(dec)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>)integer(12)

+  operator(})

+

+  constant(ABBR_DAYS) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(sun)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(0)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mon)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(tue)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(2)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wed)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(3)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(thu)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(4)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(fri)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(5)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(sat)delimiter(')>      operator(=)operator(>) integer(6)

+  operator(})

+

+  constant(ZONES) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(ut)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>)  integer(0)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(gmt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(0)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(est)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(5)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(edt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(4)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(cst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(6)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(cdt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(5)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(7)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mdt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(6)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(pst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(pdt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(7)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(a)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(b)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(c)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(3)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(d)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(4)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(e)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(5)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(f)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(6)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(g)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(7)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(h)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(i)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(9)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(k)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(l)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(11)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(m)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(n)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(p)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(3)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(q)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(4)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(5)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(s)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(6)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(t)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(7)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(u)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(v)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(9)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(x)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(11)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(y)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(z)delimiter(')>   operator(=)operator(>)  integer(0)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(utc)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(0)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wet)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(0)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(bst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wat)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(at)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(ast)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(4)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(adt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(3)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(yst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(9)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(ydt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(hst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(hdt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) operator(-)integer(9)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(cat)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(ahst)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(nt)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(11)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(idlw)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)operator(-)integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(cet)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(met)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mewt)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mest)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(mesz)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(swt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(sst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(fwt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(1)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(fst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(eet)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(2)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(bt)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>)  integer(3)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(zp4)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(4)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(zp5)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(5)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(zp6)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(6)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wast)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)  integer(7)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wadt)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)  integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(cct)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(8)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(jst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>)  integer(9)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(east)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(eadt)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(11)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(gst)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(10)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(nzt)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(nzst)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(nzdt)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(13)operator(*)integer(3600)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(idle)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>) integer(12)operator(*)integer(3600)

+  operator(})

+

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(fmt)operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+    ident(fmt)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(%[EO]?.|.)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|)

+      ident(cc) operator(=) ident(c)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(%[EO]?(.\))char(\\Z)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%)char(\\\\)content(1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(case) ident(cc)

+      reserved(when) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)char(\\s)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>

+    ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content([)char(\\s)char(\\v)content(]+)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%A)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%a)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([a-z]+\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(io)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) constant(DAYS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(||) constant(ABBR_DAYS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:wday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%B)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%b)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%h)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([a-z]+\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(io)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) constant(MONTHS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(||) constant(ABBR_MONTHS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:mon)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%C)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cent)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%c)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%D)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%m/%d/%y)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%e)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content( ?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(31)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:mday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%F)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%G)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([-+]?)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cwyear)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%g)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(99)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cwyear)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cent)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) reserved(if) ident(val) operator(>)operator(=) integer(69) reserved(then) integer(19) reserved(else) integer(20) reserved(end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%H)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%k)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content( ?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(24)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%I)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%l)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content( ?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(12)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%j)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(366)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:yday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%M)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(59)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:min)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%m)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(12)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:mon)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%n)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%p)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%P)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([ap]\)(?:m)char(\\b)content(|)char(\\.)content(m)char(\\.)content(\))delimiter(/)modifier(io)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:merid)operator(]) operator(=) reserved(if) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(a)delimiter(')> reserved(then) integer(0) reserved(else) integer(12) reserved(end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%R)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%r)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%I:%M:%S %p)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%S)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(60)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:sec)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%s)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:seconds)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%T)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M:%S)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%t)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%U)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%W)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(53)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)reserved(if) ident(c) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(%U)delimiter(')> reserved(then) symbol(:wnum0) reserved(else) symbol(:wnum1) reserved(end)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%u)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(7)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cwday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%V)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(53)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cweek)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%v)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%e-%b-%Y)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%w)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(6)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:wday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%X)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M:%S)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%x)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%m/%d/%y)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%Y)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([-+]?)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:year)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%y)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(99)operator(\)) operator(===) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:year)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cent)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) reserved(if) ident(val) operator(>)operator(=) integer(69) reserved(then) integer(19) reserved(else) integer(20) reserved(end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%Z)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%z)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([-+:a-z0-9]+(?:)char(\\s)content(+dst)char(\\b)content(\)?\))delimiter(/)modifier(io)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:zone)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+    ident(offset) operator(=) ident(zone_to_diff)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:offset)operator(]) operator(=) ident(offset)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%%)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(%)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%+)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+comment(=begin

+      when '%.'

+    return unless str.sub!(/\\A(\\d+\)/o, ''\)

+    val = $1.to_i.to_r / (10**$1.size\)

+    elem[:sec_fraction] = val

+=end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%1)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(val) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:jd)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%2)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%Y-%j)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%3)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%F)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+      reserved(else)

+    reserved(return) reserved(unless) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)content(A)delimiter(')> operator(+) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(quote)operator(()ident(c)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(if) ident(cent) operator(=) ident(elem)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()symbol(:cent)operator(\))

+      reserved(if) ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cwyear)operator(])

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:cwyear)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) ident(cent) operator(*) integer(100)

+      reserved(end)

+      reserved(if) ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:year)operator(])

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:year)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) ident(cent) operator(*) integer(100)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(if) ident(merid) operator(=) ident(elem)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()symbol(:merid)operator(\))

+      reserved(if) ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(])

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(]) operator(%=) integer(12)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) ident(merid)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    ident(str)

+  reserved(end)

+

+  ident(private_class_method) symbol(:__strptime)

+

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(_strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(fmt)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(%F)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(elem) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+    ident(elem) reserved(if) ident(__strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(.)ident(dup)operator(,) ident(fmt)operator(,) ident(elem)operator(\))

+  reserved(end)

+

+  constant(PARSE_MONTHPAT) operator(=) constant(ABBR_MONTHS)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(|)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  constant(PARSE_DAYPAT)   operator(=) constant(ABBR_DAYS)operator(.)  ident(keys)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(|)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(_parse)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(comp)operator(=)pre_constant(false)operator(\))

+    ident(str) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(dup)

+

+    ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([^-+,.)char(\\/)content(:0-9a-z]+)delimiter(/)modifier(ino)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+    comment(# day)

+    reserved(if) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()inline<delimiter(#{)constant(PARSE_DAYPAT)delimiter(})>content(\))char(\\S)content(*)delimiter(/)modifier(ino)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(wday) operator(=) constant(ABBR_DAYS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# time)

+    reserved(if) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()

+        regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\):()char(\\d)content(+\)

+         (?:

+           :()char(\\d)content(+\)(?:[,.]()char(\\d)content(*\)\)?

+         \)?

+         (?:

+           )char(\\s)content(*

+           ([ap]\)(?:m)char(\\b)content(|)char(\\.)content(m)char(\\.)content(\)

+         \)?

+         (?:

+           )char(\\s)content(*

+           (

+             [a-z]+(?:)char(\\s)content(+dst\)?)char(\\b)content(

+           |

+             [-+])char(\\d)content(+(?::?)char(\\d)content(+\)

+           \)

+         \)?

+        )delimiter(/)modifier(inox)>operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(hour) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(min) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(sec) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($3)

+      reserved(if) global_variable($4)

+    ident(sec_fraction) operator(=) global_variable($4)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(.)ident(to_r) operator(/) operator(()integer(10)operator(**)global_variable($4)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))

+      reserved(end)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($5)

+    ident(hour) operator(%=) integer(12)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($5)operator(.)ident(downcase) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(p)delimiter(')>

+      ident(hour) operator(+)operator(=) integer(12)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($6)

+    ident(zone) operator(=) global_variable($6)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# eu)

+    reserved(if) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()

+        regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))char(\\S)content(*

+         )char(\\s)content(+

+         ()inline<delimiter(#{)constant(PARSE_MONTHPAT)delimiter(})>content(\))char(\\S)content(*

+         (?:

+           )char(\\s)content(+

+           (-?)char(\\d)content(+\)

+         \)?

+        )delimiter(/)modifier(inox)>operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mon) operator(=) constant(ABBR_MONTHS)operator([)global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($3)

+    ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+      ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# us)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()

+           regexp<delimiter(/)content(()inline<delimiter(#{)constant(PARSE_MONTHPAT)delimiter(})>content(\))char(\\S)content(*

+            )char(\\s)content(+

+            ()char(\\d)content(+\))char(\\S)content(*

+            (?:

+              )char(\\s)content(+

+              (-?)char(\\d)content(+\)

+            \)?

+           )delimiter(/)modifier(inox)>operator(,)

+           string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(mon) operator(=) constant(ABBR_MONTHS)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($3)

+    ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+      ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# iso)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(([-+]?)char(\\d)content(+\)-()char(\\d)content(+\)-(-?)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(no)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mon) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+      reserved(elsif) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    ident(mday)operator(,) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(year) operator(=) ident(year)operator(,) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(mday)

+      reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# jis)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(([MTSH]\)()char(\\d)content(+\))char(\\.)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))char(\\.)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(ino)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(e) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(')content(m)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)integer(1867)operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(t)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)integer(1911)operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(s)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)integer(1925)operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(h)delimiter(')>operator(=)operator(>)integer(1988)

+      operator(})operator([)global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+      ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) ident(e)

+      ident(mon) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($4)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+

+    comment(# vms)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((-?)char(\\d)content(+\)-()inline<delimiter(#{)constant(PARSE_MONTHPAT)delimiter(})>content(\)[^-]*-(-?)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)modifier(ino)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mon) operator(=) constant(ABBR_MONTHS)operator([)global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])

+      ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    ident(year)operator(,) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(mday) operator(=) ident(mday)operator(,) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(year)

+      reserved(elsif) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+      reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# sla)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content((-?)char(\\d)content(+\)/()char(\\d)content(+\)(?:/(-?)char(\\d)content(+\)\)?)delimiter(|)modifier(no)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      ident(mon) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($3)

+    ident(year) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+      ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+

+      reserved(if) global_variable($3) operator(&&) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(2)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+    ident(year)operator(,) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(mday) operator(=) ident(mon)operator(,) ident(mday)operator(,) ident(year)

+      reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# ddd)

+    reserved(elsif) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()

+           regexp<delimiter(/)content(([-+]?\)()char(\\d)content({4,14}\)

+            (?:

+              )char(\\s)content(*

+              T?

+              )char(\\s)content(*

+              ()char(\\d)content({2,6}\)(?:[,.]()char(\\d)content(*\)\)?

+            \)?

+            (?:

+              )char(\\s)content(*

+              (

+            Z

+              |

+            [-+])char(\\d)content({2,4}

+              \)

+              )char(\\b)content(

+            \)?

+           )delimiter(/)modifier(inox)>operator(,)

+           string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(case) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size)

+      reserved(when) integer(4)

+    ident(mon)  operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      reserved(when) integer(6)

+    ident(year) operator(=) operator(()global_variable($1) operator(+) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(mon)  operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      reserved(when) integer(8)operator(,) integer(10)operator(,) integer(12)operator(,) integer(14)

+    ident(year) operator(=) operator(()global_variable($1) operator(+) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(4)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(mon)  operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(mday) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(6)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(hour) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([) integer(8)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>)operator(=) integer(10)

+    ident(min)  operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([)integer(10)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>)operator(=) integer(12)

+    ident(sec)  operator(=) global_variable($2)operator([)integer(12)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>)operator(=) integer(14)

+    ident(comp) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+      reserved(end)

+      reserved(if) global_variable($3)

+    reserved(case) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size)

+    reserved(when) integer(2)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(6)

+      ident(hour) operator(=) global_variable($3)operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)

+      ident(min)  operator(=) global_variable($3)operator([) integer(2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>)operator(=) integer(4)

+      ident(sec)  operator(=) global_variable($3)operator([) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) reserved(if) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>)operator(=) integer(6)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+      reserved(if) global_variable($4)

+    ident(sec_fraction) operator(=) global_variable($4)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(.)ident(to_r) operator(/) operator(()integer(10)operator(**)global_variable($4)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))

+      reserved(end)

+      reserved(if) global_variable($5)

+    ident(zone) operator(=) global_variable($5)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(if) ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content((bc)char(\\b)content(|bce)char(\\b)content(|b)char(\\.)content(c)char(\\.)content(|b)char(\\.)content(c)char(\\.)content(e)char(\\.)content(\))delimiter(/)modifier(ino)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(if) ident(year)

+    ident(year) operator(=) operator(-)ident(year) operator(+) integer(1)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(if) ident(comp) reserved(and) ident(year)

+      reserved(if) ident(year) operator(>)operator(=) integer(0) reserved(and) ident(year) operator(<=) integer(99)

+    reserved(if) ident(year) operator(>)operator(=) integer(69)

+      ident(year) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1900)

+    reserved(else)

+      ident(year) operator(+)operator(=) integer(2000)

+    reserved(end)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    ident(elem) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:year)operator(]) operator(=) ident(year) reserved(if) ident(year)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:mon)operator(]) operator(=) ident(mon) reserved(if) ident(mon)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:mday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(mday) reserved(if) ident(mday)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:hour)operator(]) operator(=) ident(hour) reserved(if) ident(hour)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:min)operator(]) operator(=) ident(min) reserved(if) ident(min)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:sec)operator(]) operator(=) ident(sec) reserved(if) ident(sec)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:sec_fraction)operator(]) operator(=) ident(sec_fraction) reserved(if) ident(sec_fraction)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:zone)operator(]) operator(=) ident(zone) reserved(if) ident(zone)

+    ident(offset) operator(=) ident(zone_to_diff)operator(()ident(zone)operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(zone)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:offset)operator(]) operator(=) ident(offset) reserved(if) ident(offset)

+    ident(elem)operator([)symbol(:wday)operator(]) operator(=) ident(wday) reserved(if) ident(wday)

+    ident(elem)

+  reserved(end)

+

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(zone_to_diff)operator(()ident(str)operator(\))

+    ident(abb)operator(,) ident(dst) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))

+    reserved(if) constant(ZONES)operator(.)ident(include?)operator(()ident(abb)operator(\))

+      ident(offset)  operator(=) constant(ZONES)operator([)ident(abb)operator(])

+      ident(offset) operator(+)operator(=) integer(3600) reserved(if) ident(dst)

+    reserved(elsif) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\A)content(([-+]\)()char(\\d)content({2}\):?()char(\\d)content({2}\)?)char(\\Z)delimiter(/)modifier(no)> operator(=)operator(~) ident(str)

+      ident(offset) operator(=) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(*) integer(3600) operator(+) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(*) integer(60)

+      ident(offset) operator(*)operator(=) operator(-)integer(1) reserved(if) global_variable($1) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(-)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(offset)

+  reserved(end)

+

+  reserved(def) method(strftime)operator(()ident(fmt)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(%F)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(o) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+    ident(fmt)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(%[EO]?.|.)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|)

+      ident(cc) operator(=) ident(c)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^%[EO]?(.\)$)delimiter(/)modifier(o)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%)char(\\\\)content(1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(case) ident(cc)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%A)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) constant(DAYNAMES)operator([)ident(wday)operator(])

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%a)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) constant(ABBR_DAYNAMES)operator([)ident(wday)operator(])

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%B)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) constant(MONTHNAMES)operator([)ident(mon)operator(])

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%b)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) constant(ABBR_MONTHNAMES)operator([)ident(mon)operator(])

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%C)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator(()ident(year) operator(/) float(100.0)operator(\))operator(.)ident(floor)        comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%c)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%D)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%m/%d/%y)delimiter(')>operator(\))            comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(mday)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%e)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)  string<delimiter(')content(%2d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(mday)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%F)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')>operator(\))            comment(# ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%G)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%.4d)delimiter(')> operator(%)  ident(cwyear)                comment(# ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%g)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator(()ident(cwyear) operator(%) integer(100)operator(\))            comment(# ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%H)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%)   ident(hour)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%h)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%b)delimiter(')>operator(\))                comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%I)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator(()operator(()ident(hour) operator(%) integer(12)operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) reserved(or) integer(12)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%j)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%03d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(yday)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%k)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)  string<delimiter(')content(%2d)delimiter(')> operator(%)   ident(hour)                comment(# AR,TZ,GL)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%l)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)  string<delimiter(')content(%2d)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator(()operator(()ident(hour) operator(%) integer(12)operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) reserved(or) integer(12)operator(\))    comment(# AR,TZ,GL)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%M)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(min)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%m)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(mon)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%n)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>                    comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%P)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) reserved(if) ident(hour) operator(<) integer(12) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')content(am)delimiter(')> reserved(else) string<delimiter(')content(pm)delimiter(')> reserved(end)    comment(# GL)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%p)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) reserved(if) ident(hour) operator(<) integer(12) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')content(AM)delimiter(')> reserved(else) string<delimiter(')content(PM)delimiter(')> reserved(end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%R)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M)delimiter(')>operator(\))                comment(# ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%r)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%I:%M:%S %p)delimiter(')>operator(\))            comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%S)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(sec)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%s)delimiter(')>                            comment(# TZ,GL)

+    ident(d) operator(=) ident(ajd) operator(-) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(jd_to_ajd)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(civil_to_jd)operator(()integer(1970)operator(,)integer(1)operator(,)integer(1)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+    ident(s) operator(=) operator(()ident(d) operator(*) integer(86400)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(s)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%T)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M:%S)delimiter(')>operator(\))            comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%t)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")char(\\t)delimiter(")>                    comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%U)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%W)delimiter(')>

+    ident(a) operator(=) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(civil_to_jd)operator(()ident(year)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) ident(ns?)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(6)

+    ident(k) operator(=) reserved(if) ident(c) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(%U)delimiter(')> reserved(then) integer(0) reserved(else) integer(1) reserved(end)

+    ident(w) operator(=) operator(()ident(jd) operator(-) operator(()ident(a) operator(-) operator(()operator(()ident(a) operator(-) ident(k)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) integer(7)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(7)operator(\)) operator(/) integer(7)

+    ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(w)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%u)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)   string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(cwday)                comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%V)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(cweek)                comment(# P2,ID)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%v)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%e-%b-%Y)delimiter(')>operator(\))            comment(# AR,TZ)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%w)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)   string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(wday)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%X)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%H:%M:%S)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%x)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%m/%d/%y)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%Y)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%.4d)delimiter(')> operator(%)  ident(year)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%y)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) operator(()ident(year) operator(%) integer(100)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%Z)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) operator(()reserved(if) ident(offset)operator(.)ident(zero?) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')content(Z)delimiter(')> reserved(else) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%z)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(end)operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%z)delimiter(')>                            comment(# ID)

+    ident(o) operator(<<) reserved(if) ident(offset) operator(<) integer(0) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')content(-)delimiter(')> reserved(else) string<delimiter(')content(+)delimiter(')> reserved(end)

+    ident(of) operator(=) ident(offset)operator(.)ident(abs)

+    ident(hh)operator(,) ident(fr) operator(=) ident(of)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(1)operator(.)ident(to_r)operator(/)integer(24)operator(\))

+    ident(mm) operator(=) ident(fr) operator(/) operator(()integer(1)operator(.)ident(to_r)operator(/)integer(1440)operator(\))

+    ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(hh)

+    ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%02d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(mm)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%%)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(%)delimiter(')>

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%+)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)delimiter(')>operator(\))    comment(# TZ)

+comment(=begin

+      when '%.'

+    o << '%06d' % (sec_fraction / (1.to_r/86400/(10**6\)\)\)

+=end)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%1)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<)   string<delimiter(')content(%d)delimiter(')> operator(%) ident(jd)

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%2)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%Y-%j)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(when) string<delimiter(')content(%3)delimiter(')>operator(;) ident(o) operator(<<) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+      reserved(else)operator(;)      ident(o) operator(<<) ident(c)

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(o)

+  reserved(end)

+

+comment(# alias_method :format, :strftime)

+

+  reserved(def) method(asctime)operator(()operator(\)) ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%c)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+  ident(alias_method) symbol(:ctime)operator(,) symbol(:asctime)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(class) class(DateTime) operator(<) constant(Date)

+

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(_strptime)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(fmt)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(%FT%T%Z)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    reserved(super)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(fmt)operator(\))

+  reserved(end)

+

+  reserved(def) method(strftime)operator(()ident(fmt)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(%FT%T%Z)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    reserved(super)operator(()ident(fmt)operator(\))

+  reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(generator)delimiter(')>

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([)integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(11)operator(])

+ident(b) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w#)content(h a l l o)delimiter(#)>

+constant(SyncEnumerator)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(a)operator(,) ident(b)operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(,) ident(j)operator(|)

+  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( & )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(j)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+reserved(class) class(Signature) operator(<) constant(Array)

+    reserved(def) method(===) ident(x)

+        ident(x)operator(.)ident(kind_of?) constant(Array) reserved(and) ident(zip)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))operator(.)ident(all?) operator({) operator(|)ident(me)operator(,) ident(it)operator(|) ident(me) operator(===) ident(it) operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(module) class(Chess)

+

+    constant(BOARD_RANGE) operator(=) integer(1)operator(..)integer(8)

+   

+    reserved(class) class(Position)

+       

+        ident(attr_reader) symbol(:x)operator(,) symbol(:y)

+       

+        reserved(def) method(initialize) operator(*)ident(args)

+            instance_variable(@x)operator(,) instance_variable(@y) operator(=) reserved(case) ident(args)

+            reserved(when) constant(Signature)operator([)constant(Fixnum)operator(,) constant(Fixnum)operator(])

+                ident(args)

+            reserved(when) constant(Signature)operator([)constant(String)operator(])

+                constant(Position)operator(.)ident(decode) ident(args)operator(.)ident(first)

+            reserved(else)

+                ident(raise) constant(ArgumentError)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(wrong number of arguments(one String or two fixnums\))delimiter(')>

+            reserved(end)

+            ident(raise) constant(RuntimeError)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(%p is out of the chess board)delimiter(')> operator(%) pre_constant(self) reserved(unless) constant(Position)operator(.)ident(valid?) instance_variable(@x)operator(,) instance_variable(@y)

+        reserved(end)

+   

+        reserved(def) method(inspect)

+            string<delimiter(')content(Position(%p, %p\))delimiter(')> operator(%) operator([)ident(x)operator(,) ident(y)operator(])

+        reserved(end)

+       

+        reserved(def) constant(Position)operator(.)ident(decode) ident(pos)

+            ident(x)operator(,) ident(y) operator(=) ident(pos)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+            reserved(return) ident(x)operator(.)ident(upcase)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(-) integer(?A) operator(+) integer(1)operator(,) instance_variable(@y) operator(=) ident(y)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(-) integer(?0)

+        reserved(end)

+       

+        reserved(def) constant(Position)operator(.)ident(valid?) ident(x)operator(,) ident(y)

+            constant(BOARD_RANGE)operator(.)ident(include?) ident(x) reserved(and) constant(BOARD_RANGE)operator(.)ident(include?) ident(y)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+   

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) constant(Chess)operator(::)constant(Position)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(H3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+constant(SuperString) operator(=) constant(Class)operator(.)ident(new) constant(String)

+ident(p) constant(Chess)operator(::)constant(Position)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()constant(SuperString)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(C5)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(\))

+ident(p) constant(Chess)operator(::)constant(Position)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))

+ident(p) constant(Chess)operator(::)constant(Position)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(grammar)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(def) method(test_grammars)

+    operator([)string<delimiter(<<EOG1)>operator(,) string<delimiter(<<EOG2)>operator(,) string<delimiter(<<EOG3)>operator(,)operator(])operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(g)operator(|) constant(Grammar)operator(.)ident(new) ident(g) operator(})string<content(

+Z --> S

+S --> Sb

+S --> bAa

+A --> aSc

+A --> a

+A --> aSb)delimiter(

+EOG1)>string<content(

+

+C --> d

+C --> ABC

+B -->

+B --> c

+A --> B

+A --> a)delimiter(

+EOG2)>string<content(

+

+E - TD

+D - pTD

+D -

+T - FS

+S - uFS

+S -

+F - aEz

+F - i)delimiter(

+EOG3)>

+reserved(end)

+

+global_variable($trace) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+ident(test_grammars)operator(.)ident(each_with_index) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(g)operator(,) ident(i)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Grammar )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(')content(not )delimiter(')> reserved(if) ident(g)operator(.)ident(ll1?)delimiter(})>content(LL(1\).)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

diff --git a/test/ruby/class.in.rb b/test/ruby/class.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8d0bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/class.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+$: << File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/..'

+require 'coderay'

+CodeRay::Encoders[:tokens]

+CodeRay::Encoders[:html]

+

+require 'test/unit'

+include Test::Unit

+

+class CodeRaySuite < TestCase

+	

+	def self.dir &block

+		@dir ||= File.dirname(@file)

+		if block

+			Dir.chdir @dir, &block

+		end

+		@dir

+	end

+	

+	def dir &block

+		self.class.dir &block

+	end

+	

+	def extension

+		'in.' + self.class::EXTENSION

+	end

+

+	def lang

+		self.class::LANG

+	end

+

+	def test_ALL

+		CodeRay::Scanners.load lang

+		tokenizer = CodeRay.tokens

+		highlighter = CodeRay.html

+		

+		dir do

+			for input in Dir["*.#{extension}"]

+				name = File.basename(input, ".#{extension}")

+				output = name + '.out.tok'

+				code = File.read(input)

+

+				computed = tokenizer.encode code, lang

+				

+				if File.exist? output

+					expected = File.read output

+					assert_equal(expected, computed)

+				else

+					File.open(output, 'w') do |f| f.write computed end

+					puts "New test: #{output}"

+				end

+

+				highlighted = highlighter.highlight_page code, lang

+				File.open(name + '.html', 'w') do |f| f.write highlighted end	

+			end

+		end

+	end

+

+end

+

+require 'test/unit/testsuite'

+$suite = TestSuite.new

+

+def load_suite name

+	begin

+		require name + '/suite.rb'

+	rescue LoadError

+		$stderr.puts <<-ERR

+

+!! Folder #{File.split(__FILE__).first + '/' + name} not found

+		

+		ERR

+		false

+	end

+end

+

+if subsuite = ARGV.first

+	load_suite(subsuite) or exit

+else

+	Dir['*/'].each { |suite| load_suite suite }

+end

+

+require 'test/unit/ui/console/testrunner'

+UI::Console::TestRunner.run $suite

diff --git a/test/ruby/class.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/class.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b57a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/class.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+global_variable($:) operator(<<) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()pre_constant(__FILE__)operator(\)) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(/..)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(coderay)delimiter(')>

+constant(CodeRay)operator(::)constant(Encoders)operator([)symbol(:tokens)operator(])

+constant(CodeRay)operator(::)constant(Encoders)operator([)symbol(:html)operator(])

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(test/unit)delimiter(')>

+ident(include) constant(Test)operator(::)constant(Unit)

+

+reserved(class) class(CodeRaySuite) operator(<) constant(TestCase)

+	

+	reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(dir) operator(&)ident(block)

+		instance_variable(@dir) operator(||)operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()instance_variable(@file)operator(\))

+		reserved(if) ident(block)

+			constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(chdir) instance_variable(@dir)operator(,) operator(&)ident(block)

+		reserved(end)

+		instance_variable(@dir)

+	reserved(end)

+	

+	reserved(def) method(dir) operator(&)ident(block)

+		pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(dir) operator(&)ident(block)

+	reserved(end)

+	

+	reserved(def) method(extension)

+		string<delimiter(')content(in.)delimiter(')> operator(+) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(::)constant(EXTENSION)

+	reserved(end)

+

+	reserved(def) method(lang)

+		pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(::)constant(LANG)

+	reserved(end)

+

+	reserved(def) method(test_ALL)

+		constant(CodeRay)operator(::)constant(Scanners)operator(.)ident(load) ident(lang)

+		ident(tokenizer) operator(=) constant(CodeRay)operator(.)ident(tokens)

+		ident(highlighter) operator(=) constant(CodeRay)operator(.)ident(html)

+		

+		ident(dir) reserved(do)

+			reserved(for) ident(input) reserved(in) constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(*.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(extension)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(])

+				ident(name) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()ident(input)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(extension)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+				ident(output) operator(=) ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(.out.tok)delimiter(')>

+				ident(code) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()ident(input)operator(\))

+

+				ident(computed) operator(=) ident(tokenizer)operator(.)ident(encode) ident(code)operator(,) ident(lang)

+				

+				reserved(if) constant(File)operator(.)ident(exist?) ident(output)

+					ident(expected) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read) ident(output)

+					ident(assert_equal)operator(()ident(expected)operator(,) ident(computed)operator(\))

+				reserved(else)

+					constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(output)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(f)operator(.)ident(write) ident(computed) reserved(end)

+					ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(New test: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(output)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+				reserved(end)

+

+				ident(highlighted) operator(=) ident(highlighter)operator(.)ident(highlight_page) ident(code)operator(,) ident(lang)

+				constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(.html)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(f)operator(.)ident(write) ident(highlighted) reserved(end)	

+			reserved(end)

+		reserved(end)

+	reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(test/unit/testsuite)delimiter(')>

+global_variable($suite) operator(=) constant(TestSuite)operator(.)ident(new)

+

+reserved(def) method(load_suite) ident(name)

+	reserved(begin)

+		ident(require) ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(/suite.rb)delimiter(')>

+	reserved(rescue) constant(LoadError)

+		global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(<<-ERR)>string<content(

+

+!! Folder )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(File)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()pre_constant(__FILE__)operator(\))operator(.)ident(first) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(/)delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(name)delimiter(})>content( not found

+		)delimiter(

+		ERR)>

+		pre_constant(false)

+	reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(if) ident(subsuite) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(first)

+	ident(load_suite)operator(()ident(subsuite)operator(\)) reserved(or) ident(exit)

+reserved(else)

+	constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(*/)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(suite)operator(|) ident(load_suite) ident(suite) operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(test/unit/ui/console/testrunner)delimiter(')>

+constant(UI)operator(::)constant(Console)operator(::)constant(TestRunner)operator(.)ident(run) global_variable($suite)

diff --git a/test/ruby/comment.in.rb b/test/ruby/comment.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0dea65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/comment.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+=begin test

+=end test

+

+bla

+

+ =begin

+

+ __END__

+

+

+__END__

+#CODE

+

+mangawobeegee

+

+#test\

+dasd

diff --git a/test/ruby/comment.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/comment.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e03975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/comment.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+comment(=begin test

+=end test)

+

+ident(bla)

+

+ operator(=)reserved(begin)

+

+ ident(__END__)

+

+

+comment(__END__

+)comment(#CODE)

+

+ident(mangawobeegee)

+

+comment(#test\\)

+ident(dasd)

diff --git a/test/ruby/evil.in.rb b/test/ruby/evil.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..877a586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/evil.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1123 @@
+p(String *Class)

+class String

+class Class

+end

+end

+#def String(x) x.to_s end #it's already built-in. duh!

+def String.*(right) [self,right] end

+def String.<<(right) [self,:<<,right] end

+def String./(right) [self,:/,right] end

+def String.[](right) [self,:[],right] end

+p(String::Class)

+p(String:: Class)

+p(String ::Class)

+p(String :: Class)

+p(String<<Class)

+p(String<< Class)

+p(String <<Class) 

+sgsdfgf

+Class

+p(String << Class)

+p(String/Class)

+p(String/ Class)

+p(String /Class/) 

+p(String / Class) #borken

+p(String[Class])

+p(String[ Class])

+p(String [Class]) 

+p(String [ Class]) 

+p(String*Class)

+p(String* Class)

+p(String *Class) 

+p(String * Class)

+class <<String

+undef :*,<<,/,[]

+end

+

+

+

+p(false::to_s)

+p(false ::to_s)

+p(false:: to_s)

+p(false :: to_s)

+

+class C2

+class <<self

+  def self.p8; p 8 end

+  alias p? p

+  alias P? p

+  alias [] p

+  alias <=> p

+end

+

+q=9

+Q=99

+

+p:p8

+false ? p: p8

+p :p8

+false ? p : p8

+

+false ? q:p8

+false ? q: p8

+false ? q :p8

+false ? q : p8

+

+#false ? Q:p8  #gives ruby indigestion

+false ? Q: p8

+#false ? Q :p8  #gives ruby indigestion

+false ? Q : p8

+

+p?:p8

+false ? p?: p8

+p? :p8

+false ? p? : p8

+

+P?:p8

+false ? P?: p8

+P? :p8

+false ? P? : p8

+

+self.[]:p8

+false ? self.[]: p8

+self.[] :p8

+false ? self.[] : p8

+

+self.<=>:p8

+false ? self.<=>: p8

+self.<=> :p8

+false ? self.<=> : p8

+

+self <=>:p8

+#false ? self <=>: p8  #gives ruby indigestion

+self <=> :p8

+#false ? self <=> : p8  #gives ruby indigestion

+end

+

+p <<stuff+'foobar'.tr('j-l','d-f')

+"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog

+stuff

+

+

+p <<p

+sdfsfdf^^^^@@@

+p

+mix=nil

+p / 5/mix

+

+module M33

+  p="var:"

+  Q="func:"

+  def Q.method_missing(name,*args)

+    self+name.to_s+(args.join' ')

+  end

+  def p.method_missing(name,*args)

+    self+name.to_s+(args.join' ')

+  end

+  def self.p(*a); super; Q end

+  @a=1

+  $a=2

+  

+  p(p~6)

+  p(p ~6)

+  p(p~ 6)

+  p(p ~ 6)

+  p(p*11)

+  p(p *11)

+  p(p* 11)

+  p(p * 11)

+  p(p&proc{})

+  p(p &proc{})

+  p(p& proc{})

+  p(p & proc{})

+  p(p !1)

+#  p(p ?1) #compile error, when p is var

+  p(p ! 1)

+  p(p ? 1 : 6)

+  p(p@a)

+  p(p @a)

+#  p(p@ a)  #wont

+#  p(p @ a) #work 

+  p(p#a

+)

+  p(p #a

+)

+  p(p# a

+)

+  p(p # a

+)

+  p(p$a)

+  p(p $a)

+#  p(p$ a)  #wont

+#  p(p $ a) #work

+  p(p%Q{:foo})

+  p(p %Q{:foo})

+  p(p% Q{:foo})

+  p(p % Q{:foo})

+  p(p^6)

+  p(p ^6)

+  p(p^ 6)

+  p(p ^ 6)

+  p(p&7)

+  p(p &proc{7})

+  p(p& 7)

+  p(p & 7)

+  p(p(2))

+  p(p (2))

+  p(p( 2))

+  p(p ( 2))

+  p(p(p))

+  p(p())

+  p(p (p))

+  p(p ())

+  p(p ( p))

+  p(p ( ))

+  p(p( p))

+  p(p( ))

+  p(p)

+  p((p))

+  p(p )

+  p((p ))

+  p((p p))

+  p((p p,p))

+  p((p p))

+  p((p p,p))

+  p(p-0)

+  p(p -0)

+  p(p- 0)

+  p(p - 0)

+  p(p+9)

+  p(p +9)

+  p(p+ 9)

+  p(p + 9)

+  p(p[1])

+  p(p [1])

+  p(p[ 1])

+  p(p [ 1])

+  p(p{1})

+  p(p {1})

+  p(p{ 1})

+  p(p { 1})

+  p(p/1)

+  p(p /22)

+  p(p/ 1)

+  p(p / 22)

+  p(p._)

+  p(p ._)

+  p(p. _)

+  p(p . _)

+  p(false ? p:f)

+  p(false ? p :f)

+  p(false ? p: f)

+  p(false ? p : f)

+  p((p;1))

+  p((p ;1))

+  p((p; 1))

+  p((p ; 1))

+  p(p<1)

+  p(p <1)

+  p(p< 1)

+  p(p < 1)

+  p(p<<1)

+  p(p <<1)

+  p(p<< 1)

+  p(p << 1)

+  p(p'j')

+  p(p 'j')

+  p(p' j')

+  p(p ' j')

+  p(p"k")

+  p(p "k")

+  p(p" k")

+  p(p " k")

+  p(p|4)

+  p(p |4)

+  p(p| 4)

+  p(p | 4)

+  p(p>2)

+  p(p >2)

+  p(p> 2)

+  p(p > 2)

+  

+end

+

+module M34

+  p(p~6)

+  p(p ~6)

+  p(p~ 6)

+  p(p ~ 6)

+  p(p*[1])

+  p(p *[1])

+  p(p* [1])

+  p(p * [1])

+  p(p&proc{})

+  p(p &proc{})

+  p(p& proc{})

+  p(p & proc{})

+  p(p !1)

+  p(p ?1)

+  p(p ! 1)

+  p(p ? 1 : 6)

+  p(p@a)

+  p(p @a)

+#  p(p@ a)  #wont

+#  p(p @ a) #work 

+

+  p(p#a

+)

+  p(p #a

+)

+  p(p# a

+)

+  p(p # a

+)

+  p(p$a)

+  p(p $a)

+#  p(p$ a)  #wont

+#  p(p $ a) #work

+  p(p%Q{:foo})

+  p(p %Q{:foo})

+  p(p% Q{:foo})

+  p(p % Q{:foo})

+  p(p^6)

+  p(p ^6)

+  p(p^ 6)

+  p(p ^ 6)

+  p(p&7)

+  p(p &proc{7})

+  p(p& 7)

+  p(p & 7)

+  p(p(2))

+  p(p (2))

+  p(p( 2))

+  p(p ( 2))

+  p(p(p))

+  p(p())

+  p(p (p))

+  p(p ())

+  p(p ( p))

+  p(p ( ))

+  p(p( p))

+  p(p( ))

+  p(p)

+  p((p))

+  p(p )

+  p((p ))

+  p((p p))

+  p((p p,p))

+  p((p p))

+  p((p p,p))

+  p(p-0)

+  p(p -1)

+  p(p- 0)

+  p(p - 0)

+  p(p+9)

+  p(p +9)

+  p(p+ 9)

+  p(p + 9)

+  p(p[1])

+  p(p [1])

+  p(p[ 1])

+  p(p [ 1])

+  p(p{1})

+  p(p {1})

+  p(p{ 1})

+  p(p { 1})

+  p(p/1)

+  p(p /22/)

+  p(p/ 1)

+  p(p / 22)

+  p(p._)

+  p(p ._)

+  p(p. _)

+  p(p . _)

+  p(p:f)

+  p(p :f)

+  p(false ? p: f)

+  p(false ? p : f)

+  p((p;1))

+  p((p ;1))

+  p((p; 1))

+  p((p ; 1))

+  p(p<1)

+  p(p <1)

+  p(p< 1)

+  p(p < 1)

+  p(p<<1)

+  p(p <<1)

+foobar

+1

+  p(p<< 1)

+  p(p << 1)

+  p(p'j')

+  p(p 'j')

+  p(p' j')

+  p(p ' j')

+  p(p"k")

+  p(p "k")

+  p(p" k")

+  p(p " k")

+  p(p|4)

+  p(p |4)

+  p(p| 4)

+  p(p | 4)

+  p(p>2)

+  p(p >2)

+  p(p> 2)

+  p(p > 2)

+  

+end

+

+

+def bob(x) x end

+def bill(x) x end

+p(bob %(22))

+for bob in [100] do p(bob %(22)) end

+p(bob %(22))

+def %(n) to_s+"%#{n}" end

+p(bill %(22))

+begin sdjkfsjkdfsd; rescue Object => bill; p(bill %(22)) end

+p(bill %(22))

+undef %

+

+class Object

+

+public :`

+def `(s)

+  print "bq: #{s}\n"

+end

+end

+

+69.`('what a world')

+

+79::`('what a word')

+

+p :`

+

+p{}

+p {}

+a=5

+p p +5

+p a +5

+

+def nil.+(x) ~x end

+def nil.[](*x) [x] end

+p( p + 5 )

+p( p +5 )

+p( p+5 )

+p( p[] )

+p( p [] )

+p( p [ ] )

+class NilClass; undef +,[] end

+

+class Foou

+ public

+ def [] x=-100,&y; p x; 100 end

+end

+a0=8

+p Foou.new.[]!false  #value

+p Foou.new.[] !false #value

+p Foou.new.[]~9      #value

+p Foou.new.[] ~9     #value

+p Foou.new.[]-9      #op

+p Foou.new.[]+9      #op

+p Foou.new.[] -9     #value

+p Foou.new.[] +9     #value

+p Foou.new.[]<<9     #op

+p Foou.new.[] <<9    #value

+foobar

+9

+p Foou.new.[]%9      #op

+p Foou.new.[]/9      #op

+p Foou.new.[] %(9)   #value

+p Foou.new.[] /9/    #value

+p Foou.new.[]$9      #value

+p Foou.new.[]a0      #value

+p Foou.new.[] $9     #value

+p Foou.new.[] a0     #value

+p Foou.new.[]{9}     #lambda (op)

+p Foou.new.[] {9}    #lambda (op)

+

+if p then p end

+

+p({:foo=>:bar})   #why does this work? i'd think that ':foo=' would be 1 token

+p   EMPTY = 0

+p   BLACK = 1

+p   WHITE = - BLACK

+

+ a=b=c=0

+  a ? b:c

+  a ?b:c

+

+  p(a ? b:c)

+  p(a ?b:c)

+

+

+p~4

+p:f

+p(~4){}

+p(:f){}

+h={}

+h.default=:foo

+

+p def (h="foobar").default= v; p @v=v;v end

+p h

+

+p h.default=:b

+

+x, (*y) = [:x, :y, :z]

+p x

+p y

+

+x, *y = [:x, :y, :z]

+p x

+p y

+

+x, * = [:x, :y, :z]

+p x

+

+

+

+p Array("foo\nbar")

+

+

+

+p +(4)

+p -(4)

+

+p :'\\'

+

+class Foop

+  def Foop.bar a,b

+    p a,b

+  end

+end

+Foop.bar 1,2

+Foop::bar 3,4

+

+

+class Foop

+  def Foop::baz a,b

+    p :baz,a,b

+  end

+end

+Foop.baz 5,6

+Foop::baz 7,8

+

+

+

+without_creating=widgetname=nil

+      if without_creating && !widgetname #foo

+        fail ArgumentError,

+             "if set 'without_creating' to true, need to define 'widgetname'"

+      end

+

+

+

+=begin disable for now

+

+#class, module, and def should temporarily hide local variables

+def mopsdfjskdf arg; arg*2 end

+mopsdfjskdf=5

+ class C

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(3)    #calls method

+ end

+

+module M

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(4)    #calls method

+end

+

+ def d

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(5)    #calls method

+ end

+p d

+p mopsdfjskdf %(6)     #reads variable

+p proc{mopsdfjskdf %(7)}[] #reads variable

+

+#fancy symbols not supported yet

+p %s{symbol}

+=end

+

+#multiple assignment test

+proc {

+  a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

+  p(b %(c))

+  p(a %(c))

+  p(k %(c))

+  p(p %(c))

+}.call

+

+

+=begin disable for now

+p "#{<<kekerz}#{"foob"

+zimpler

+kekerz

+}"

+

+

+aaa=<<whatnot; p "#{'uh,yeah'

+gonna take it down, to the nitty-grit

+gonna tell you mother-fuckers why you ain't shit

+cause suckers like you just make me strong

+whatnot

+}"

+p aaa

+

+#test variable creation in string inclusion

+#currently broken because string inclusions

+#are lexed by a separate lexer!

+proc {

+  p "jentawz: #{baz=200}"

+  p( baz %(9))

+}.call

+=end

+

+=begin ought to work...ruby doesn't like

+class A

+class B

+class C

+end

+end

+end

+def A::B::C::d() :abcd end

+def A::B::d() :abd end   #this used to work as well... i think

+

+def nil.d=; end #this works

+def (;).d=; end

+def ().d=; end

+p def (p h="foobar";).default= v; p @v=v;v end

+p def (p h="foobar";h).default= v; p @v=v;v end

+

+p~4{}

+p:f{}

+p ~4{}

+p :f{}

+

+def g a=:g; [a] end

+g g g  #this works

+g *g   #this works

+g *g g #this doesn't

+

+[nil,p 5]

+"foo"+[1].join' '

+

+class Fook

+def foo; end

+

+

+#these work:

+(not true)

+p(!true) #etc

+(true if false) #etc

+(true and false) #etc

+(undef foo)

+(alias bar foo)

+(BEGIN{p :yyy})

+

+#these don't:

+p(not true)

+p(true if false) #etc

+p(true and false) #etc

+p(undef foo)

+p(alias bar foo)

+p(BEGIN{p :yyy})

+end

+

+=end

+

+proc {

+}

+

+p "#{<<foobar3}"

+bim

+baz

+bof

+foobar3

+

+def func

+  a,b,* = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+  p a,b

+  a,b, = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+  p a,b

+

+  a,b = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+  p a,b

+  a,*b = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+  p a,b

+

+  a,b,*c=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+  a,b,* c=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

+end

+func

+

+

+p( %r{\/$})

+p( %r~<!include:([\/\w\.\-]+)>~m)

+

+p <<end

+#{compile_body}\

+#{outvar}

+end

+

+

+

+

+

+proc {

+  h={:a=>(foo=100)}

+  p( foo %(5))

+}.call

+

+

+p "#{<<foobar3}"

+bim

+baz

+bof

+foobar3

+

+p "#{<<foobar2

+bim

+baz

+bof

+foobar2

+}"

+

+p <<one ; p "#{<<two}"

+1111111111111111

+fdsgdfgdsfffff

+one

+2222222222222222

+sdfasdfasdfads

+two

+p "#{<<foobar0.each('|'){|s| '\nthort: '+s} }"

+jbvd|g4543ghb|!@G$dfsd|fafr|e

+|s4e5rrwware|BBBBB|*&^(*&^>"PMK:njs;d|

+

+foobar0

+

+p "#{<<foobar1.each('|'){|s| '\nthort: '+s}

+jbvd|g4543ghb|!@G$dfsd|fafr|e

+|s4e5rrwware|BBBBB|*&^(*&^>"PMK:njs;d|

+

+foobar1

+}"

+

+def foo(a=<<a,b=<<b,c=<<c)

+jfksdkjf

+dkljjkf

+a

+kdljfjkdg

+dfglkdfkgjdf

+dkf

+b

+lkdffdjksadhf

+sdflkdjgsfdkjgsdg

+dsfg;lkdflisgffd

+g

+c

+

+   a+b+c

+

+end

+p foo

+

+

+

+$a=1

+@b=2

+@@c=3

+p "#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p "\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p '#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}'

+p '\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}'

+p %w"#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p %w"\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p %W"#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p %W"\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}"

+p %Q[#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}]

+p %Q[\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}]

+p `echo #$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}`

+p `echo \#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}`

+p(/#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c}/)

+#p(/\#$a \#@b \#@@c \#{$a+@b+@@c}/) #moved to w.rb

+

+class AA; class BB; class CC

+FFOO=1

+end end end

+

+p AA::BB::CC::FFOO

+

+compile_body=outvar='foob'

+

+if false

+ method_src = c.compile(template, (HtmlCompiler::AnyData.new)).join("\n") +

+    "\n# generated by PartsTemplate::compile_partstemplate at #{Time.new}\n"

+ rescu -1

+end

+

+  p('rb_out', 'args', <<-'EOL')

+    regsub -all {!} $args {\\!} args

+    regsub -all "{" $args "\\{" args

+    if {[set st [catch {ruby [format "TkCore.callback %%Q!%s!" $args]} ret]] != 0} {

+        return -code $st $ret

+    } {

+        return $ret

+    }

+  EOL

+

+def add(*args)

+   self.<<(*args)

+end

+

+

+

+val=%[13,17,22,"hike", ?\s]

+    if val.include? ?\s

+      p val.split.collect{|v| (v)}

+    end

+p "#{}"

+p "#(1)"

+class Hosts

+end

+class DNS < Hosts

+end

+def intialize(resolvers=[Hosts.new, DNS.new]) end

+def environment(env = File.basename($0, '.*')) end

+

+def ssssss &block

+end

+def params_quoted(field_name, default)

+  if block_given? then yield field_name else default end

+end

+def ==(o) 444 end

+def String.ffff4() self.to_s+"ffff" end

+

+p *[]

+for i in \

+[44,55,66,77,88] do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+#(

+for i in if

+false then foob12345; else [44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+#)

+(

+for i in if false then

+foob12345; else [44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+c=j=0

+until while j<10 do j+=1 end.nil? do p 'pppppppppp' end

+for i in if false then foob12345;

+else [44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+for i in if false then foob12345; else

+[44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+

+for i in (c;

+[44,55,66,77,88]) do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+)

+(

+

+for i in (begin

+[44,55,66,77,88] end) do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+for i in if false then foob12345; else

+[44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+for i in (

+

+[44,55,66,77,88]) do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+for i in (

+[44,55,66,77,88]) do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+

+)

+

+

+def yy;yield end

+

+block=proc{p "blah  blah"}

+

+yy &block

+p(1.+1)

+p pppp

+

+module M66

+p(proc do

+   p=123

+end.call)

+

+p proc {

+   p=123

+}.call

+

+p def pppp

+   p=123

+end

+p module Ppp

+   p=123

+end

+p class Pppp < String

+   p=123

+end

+end

+

+    def _make_regex(str) /([#{Regexp.escape(str)}])/n end

+p _make_regex("8smdf,34rh\#@\#$%$gfm/[]dD")

+

+

+p "#$a #@b #@@c

+

+d e f

+#$a #@b #@@c

+"

+

+p "\""

+

+a=a.to_s

+class <<a

+  def foobar

+     self*101

+  end

+  alias    eql?    ==

+end

+

+p a.foobar

+

+p(/^\s*(([+-\/*&\|^]|<<|>>|\|\||\&\&)=|\&\&|\|\|)/)

+p(:%)

+p( { :class => class_=0})

+p cls_name = {}[:class]

+

+

+p foo

+p "#{$!.class}"

+p :p

+p(:p)

+p(:"[]")

+p :"[]"

+p("\\")

+p(/\\/)

+p(/[\\]/)

+p 0x80

+p ?p

+p 0.1

+p 0.8

+p 0.9

+p(-1)

+p %/p/

+p %Q[<LI>]

+i=99

+p %Q[<LI><A HREF="#{i[3]}.html\##{i[4]}">#{i[0]+i[1]+(i[2])}</A>\n]

+p(:side=>:top)

+p %w[a b c

+     d e f]

+p %w[a b c\n

+     d e f]

+p %w[\\]

+p %w[\]]

+p :+

+p 99 / 3

+

+a=99;b=3

+p 1+(a / b)

+p %Q[\"]

+p %Q[ some [nested] text]

+

+if false

+     formatter.format_element(element) do

+       amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter)

+     end

+end

+if false

+ ret = <<-END

+ @@parts_template = #{template.to_ruby}

+ def parts_template

+   @@parts_template

+ end

+

+ #{c.const_def_src.join("\n")}

+ def amrita_expand_and_format(element, context, formatter)

+   if element.tagname_symbol == :span and element.attrs.size == 0

+     amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter)

+   else

+     formatter.format_element(element) do

+       amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter)

+     end

+   end

+ end

+

+ def amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter)

+   #{method_src}

+ end

+ END

+ j=55

+end

+

+p '

+'

+p '\n'

+p "

+"

+p "\n"

+p %w/

+/

+p %w/\n/

+

+p %W/

+/

+p %W/\n/

+p(/

+/)

+p(/\n/)

+p proc {

+  p `

+  `

+  p `\n`

+}

+

+

+

+p(%r[foo]i)

+#breakpoint

+p <<stuff+'foobar'.tr('j-l','d-f')

+"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog

+stuff

+

+=begin doesn't work

+p <<stuff+'foobar'.tr('j-l','d-f')\

++"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog

+stuff

+=end

+

+p ENV["AmritaCacheDir"]

+p <<-BEGIN + <<-END

+          def element_downcase(attributes = {})

+        BEGIN

+          end

+        END

+

+

+

+p <<ggg; def

+kleegarts() p 'kkkkkkk' end

+dfgdgfdf

+ggg

+koomblatz!() p 'jdkfsk' end

+

+koomblatz!

+

+p f = 3.7517675036461267e+17

+p $10

+p $1001

+p( <<end )

+nine time nine men have stood untold.

+end

+

+def jd_to_wday(jd) (jd + 1) % 7 end

+p jd_to_wday(98)

+

+

+p    pre = $`

+=begin

+=end

+

+p <<"..end .."

+cbkvjb

+vb;lkxcvkbxc

+vxlc;kblxckvb

+xcvblcvb

+..end ..

+

+p $-j=55

+

+def empty() end

+

+p <<a

+dkflg

+flk

+a

+

+label='label';tab=[1,2,3]

+      p <<S

+#{label} = arr = Array.new(#{tab.size}, nil)

+str = a = i = nil

+idx = 0

+clist.each do |str|

+  str.split(',', -1).each do |i|

+    arr[idx] = i.to_i unless i.empty?

+    idx += 1

+  end

+end

+

+S

+def printem1 a,b,c

+   p(a +77)

+   p(b +77)

+   p(c +77)

+end

+

+def foobar() end

+def foobar2

+end

+

+def printem0(a)

+   p(a +77)

+end

+def printem0(a,b,c)

+   p(a +77)

+   p(b +77)

+   p(c +77)

+end

+def printem2 a,b,c; p(a +77); p(b +77); p(c +77) end

+def three() (1+2) end

+

+def d;end

+def d()end

+def d(dd)end

+

+def printem a,b,c

+   p a;p b;p c

+   p(a +77)

+   p(b %(0.123))

+end

+printem 1,2,3

+

+a=1

+p(a +77)

+

+def hhh(a=(1+2)) a end

+

+

+

+END {

+  p "bye-bye"

+}

+

+

+p <<here

+where?

+here

+p <<-what

+     ? that's

+  what

+p proc{||}

+for i in if false

+foob12345; else [44,55,66,77,88] end do p i**Math.sqrt(i) end

+p "\v"

+c=0

+      while c == /[ \t\f\r\13]/; end

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/test/ruby/evil.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/evil.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dd4b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/evil.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,1123 @@
+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(*)constant(Class)operator(\))

+reserved(class) class(String)

+reserved(class) class(Class)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#def String(x\) x.to_s end #it's already built-in. duh!)

+reserved(def) constant(String)operator(.)operator(*)operator(()ident(right)operator(\)) operator([)pre_constant(self)operator(,)ident(right)operator(]) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) constant(String)operator(.)operator(<<)operator(()ident(right)operator(\)) operator([)pre_constant(self)operator(,)symbol(:<<)operator(,)ident(right)operator(]) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) constant(String)operator(.)operator(/)operator(()ident(right)operator(\)) operator([)pre_constant(self)operator(,)symbol(:/)operator(,)ident(right)operator(]) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) constant(String)operator(.)operator([])operator(()ident(right)operator(\)) operator([)pre_constant(self)operator(,)symbol(:[])operator(,)ident(right)operator(]) reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(::)constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(::) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(::)constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(::) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(<<)constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(<<) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) string<delimiter(<<Class)>operator(\)) string<content(

+sgsdfgf)delimiter(

+Class)>

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(<<) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(/)constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(/) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) regexp<delimiter(/)content(Class)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) 

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(/) constant(Class)operator(\)) comment(#borken)

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator([)constant(Class)operator(])operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator([) constant(Class)operator(])operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator([)constant(Class)operator(])operator(\)) 

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator([) constant(Class)operator(])operator(\)) 

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(*)constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String)operator(*) constant(Class)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(*)constant(Class)operator(\)) 

+ident(p)operator(()constant(String) operator(*) constant(Class)operator(\))

+reserved(class) operator(<<)class(String)

+reserved(undef) symbol(:*)operator(,)method(<<)operator(,)method(/)operator(,)method([])

+reserved(end)

+

+

+

+ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false)operator(::)ident(to_s)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(::)ident(to_s)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false)operator(::) ident(to_s)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(::) ident(to_s)operator(\))

+

+reserved(class) class(C2)

+reserved(class) operator(<<)class(self)

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(p8)operator(;) ident(p) integer(8) reserved(end)

+  reserved(alias) ident(p?) ident(p)

+  reserved(alias) ident(P?) ident(p)

+  reserved(alias) operator([)operator(]) ident(p)

+  reserved(alias) operator(<=>) ident(p)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(q)operator(=)integer(9)

+constant(Q)operator(=)integer(99)

+

+ident(p)symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p)operator(:) ident(p8)

+ident(p) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(q)symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(q)operator(:) ident(p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(q) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(q) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+comment(#false ? Q:p8  #gives ruby indigestion)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) constant(Q)operator(:) ident(p8)

+comment(#false ? Q :p8  #gives ruby indigestion)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) constant(Q) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+ident(p?)symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p?)operator(:) ident(p8)

+ident(p?) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p?) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+ident(P?)symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(P?)operator(:) ident(p8)

+ident(P?) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(P?) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator([])symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator([])operator(:) ident(p8)

+pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator([]) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator([]) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator(<=>)symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator(<=>)operator(:) ident(p8)

+pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator(<=>) symbol(:p8)

+pre_constant(false) operator(?) pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator(<=>) operator(:) ident(p8)

+

+pre_constant(self) operator(<=>)symbol(:p8)

+comment(#false ? self <=>: p8  #gives ruby indigestion)

+pre_constant(self) operator(<=>) symbol(:p8)

+comment(#false ? self <=> : p8  #gives ruby indigestion)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<stuff)>operator(+)string<delimiter(')content(foobar)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(tr)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(j-l)delimiter(')>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(d-f)delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

+"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog)delimiter(

+stuff)>

+

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<p)>string<content(

+sdfsfdf^^^^@@@)delimiter(

+p)>

+ident(mix)operator(=)pre_constant(nil)

+ident(p) operator(/) integer(5)operator(/)ident(mix)

+

+reserved(module) class(M33)

+  ident(p)operator(=)string<delimiter(")content(var:)delimiter(")>

+  constant(Q)operator(=)string<delimiter(")content(func:)delimiter(")>

+  reserved(def) constant(Q)operator(.)ident(method_missing)operator(()ident(name)operator(,)operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+    pre_constant(self)operator(+)ident(name)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(+)operator(()ident(args)operator(.)ident(join)string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  reserved(end)

+  reserved(def) ident(p)operator(.)ident(method_missing)operator(()ident(name)operator(,)operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+    pre_constant(self)operator(+)ident(name)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(+)operator(()ident(args)operator(.)ident(join)string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  reserved(end)

+  reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(p)operator(()operator(*)ident(a)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(super)operator(;) constant(Q) reserved(end)

+  instance_variable(@a)operator(=)integer(1)

+  global_variable($a)operator(=)integer(2)

+  

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(~)integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(~)integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(~) integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(~) integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(*)integer(11)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(*)integer(11)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(*) integer(11)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(*) integer(11)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(&)ident(proc)operator({)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(&)ident(proc)operator({)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(&) ident(proc)operator({)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(&) ident(proc)operator({)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(!)integer(1)operator(\))

+comment(#  p(p ?1\) #compile error, when p is var)

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(!) integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(?) integer(1) operator(:) integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)instance_variable(@a)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) instance_variable(@a)operator(\))

+comment(#  p(p@ a\)  #wont)

+comment(#  p(p @ a\) #work )

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)comment(#a)

+operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) comment(#a)

+operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)comment(# a)

+operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) comment(# a)

+operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)global_variable($a)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) global_variable($a)operator(\))

+comment(#  p(p$ a\)  #wont)

+comment(#  p(p $ a\) #work)

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(%)constant(Q)operator({)symbol(:foo)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q{)content(:foo)delimiter(})>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(%) constant(Q)operator({)symbol(:foo)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(%) constant(Q)operator({)symbol(:foo)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(^)integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(^)integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(^) integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(^) integer(6)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(&)integer(7)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(&)ident(proc)operator({)integer(7)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(&) integer(7)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(&) integer(7)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(()integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(()integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(() integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(() integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(()ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(()operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(() ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(() operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(() ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(() operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) ident(p)operator(,)ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) ident(p)operator(,)ident(p)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(-)integer(0)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(-)integer(0)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(-) integer(0)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(-) integer(0)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(+)integer(9)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(+)integer(9)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(+) integer(9)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(+) integer(9)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator([) integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator([) integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator({)integer(1)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator({)integer(1)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator({) integer(1)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator({) integer(1)operator(})operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(/)integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) regexp<delimiter(/)content(22\)

+  p(p)delimiter(/)> integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(/) integer(22)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(.)ident(_)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(.)ident(_)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(.) ident(_)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(.) ident(_)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p)symbol(:f)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p) symbol(:f)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p)operator(:) ident(f)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()pre_constant(false) operator(?) ident(p) operator(:) ident(f)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p)operator(;)integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) operator(;)integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p)operator(;) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()operator(()ident(p) operator(;) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(<)integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(<)integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(<) integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(<) integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(<<)integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(<<1)>operator(\))string<content(

+  p(p<< 1\)

+  p(p << 1\)

+  p(p'j'\)

+  p(p 'j'\)

+  p(p' j'\)

+  p(p ' j'\)

+  p(p"k"\)

+  p(p "k"\)

+  p(p" k"\)

+  p(p " k"\)

+  p(p|4\)

+  p(p |4\)

+  p(p| 4\)

+  p(p | 4\)

+  p(p>2\)

+  p(p >2\)

+  p(p> 2\)

+  p(p > 2\)

+  

+end

+

+module M34

+  p(p~6\)

+  p(p ~6\)

+  p(p~ 6\)

+  p(p ~ 6\)

+  p(p*[1]\)

+  p(p *[1]\)

+  p(p* [1]\)

+  p(p * [1]\)

+  p(p&proc{}\)

+  p(p &proc{}\)

+  p(p& proc{}\)

+  p(p & proc{}\)

+  p(p !1\)

+  p(p ?1\)

+  p(p ! 1\)

+  p(p ? 1 : 6\)

+  p(p@a\)

+  p(p @a\)

+#  p(p@ a\)  #wont

+#  p(p @ a\) #work 

+

+  p(p#a

+\)

+  p(p #a

+\)

+  p(p# a

+\)

+  p(p # a

+\)

+  p(p$a\)

+  p(p $a\)

+#  p(p$ a\)  #wont

+#  p(p $ a\) #work

+  p(p%Q{:foo}\)

+  p(p %Q{:foo}\)

+  p(p% Q{:foo}\)

+  p(p % Q{:foo}\)

+  p(p^6\)

+  p(p ^6\)

+  p(p^ 6\)

+  p(p ^ 6\)

+  p(p&7\)

+  p(p &proc{7}\)

+  p(p& 7\)

+  p(p & 7\)

+  p(p(2\)\)

+  p(p (2\)\)

+  p(p( 2\)\)

+  p(p ( 2\)\)

+  p(p(p\)\)

+  p(p(\)\)

+  p(p (p\)\)

+  p(p (\)\)

+  p(p ( p\)\)

+  p(p ( \)\)

+  p(p( p\)\)

+  p(p( \)\)

+  p(p\)

+  p((p\)\)

+  p(p \)

+  p((p \)\)

+  p((p p\)\)

+  p((p p,p\)\)

+  p((p p\)\)

+  p((p p,p\)\)

+  p(p-0\)

+  p(p -1\)

+  p(p- 0\)

+  p(p - 0\)

+  p(p+9\)

+  p(p +9\)

+  p(p+ 9\)

+  p(p + 9\)

+  p(p[1]\)

+  p(p [1]\)

+  p(p[ 1]\)

+  p(p [ 1]\)

+  p(p{1}\)

+  p(p {1}\)

+  p(p{ 1}\)

+  p(p { 1}\)

+  p(p/1\)

+  p(p /22/\)

+  p(p/ 1\)

+  p(p / 22\)

+  p(p._\)

+  p(p ._\)

+  p(p. _\)

+  p(p . _\)

+  p(p:f\)

+  p(p :f\)

+  p(false ? p: f\)

+  p(false ? p : f\)

+  p((p;1\)\)

+  p((p ;1\)\)

+  p((p; 1\)\)

+  p((p ; 1\)\)

+  p(p<1\)

+  p(p <1\)

+  p(p< 1\)

+  p(p < 1\)

+  p(p<<1\)

+  p(p <<1\)

+foobar)delimiter(

+1)>

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(<<) integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(<<) integer(1)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)string<delimiter(')content(j)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(j)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)string<delimiter(')content( j)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(')content( j)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)string<delimiter(")content(k)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(")content(k)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)string<delimiter(")content( k)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(")content( k)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(|)integer(4)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(|)integer(4)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(|) integer(4)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(|) integer(4)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(>)integer(2)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(>)integer(2)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p)operator(>) integer(2)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) operator(>) integer(2)operator(\))

+  

+reserved(end)

+

+

+reserved(def) method(bob)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) ident(x) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(bill)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) ident(x) reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(bob) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+reserved(for) ident(bob) reserved(in) operator([)integer(100)operator(]) reserved(do) ident(p)operator(()ident(bob) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\)) reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(bob) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+reserved(def) method(%)operator(()ident(n)operator(\)) ident(to_s)operator(+)string<delimiter(")content(%)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(bill) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+reserved(begin) ident(sdjkfsjkdfsd)operator(;) reserved(rescue) constant(Object) operator(=)operator(>) ident(bill)operator(;) ident(p)operator(()ident(bill) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\)) reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(bill) string<delimiter(%()content(22)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+reserved(undef) method(%)

+

+reserved(class) class(Object)

+

+ident(public) symbol(:`)

+reserved(def) method(`)operator(()ident(s)operator(\))

+  ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(bq: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(s)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+integer(69)operator(.)operator(`)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(what a world)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+integer(79)operator(::)operator(`)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(what a word)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(p) symbol(:`)

+

+ident(p)operator({)operator(})

+ident(p) operator({)operator(})

+ident(a)operator(=)integer(5)

+ident(p) ident(p) operator(+)integer(5)

+ident(p) ident(a) operator(+)integer(5)

+

+reserved(def) pre_constant(nil)operator(.)operator(+)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(~)ident(x) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) pre_constant(nil)operator(.)operator([])operator(()operator(*)ident(x)operator(\)) operator([)ident(x)operator(]) reserved(end)

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p) operator(+) integer(5) operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p) operator(+)integer(5) operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p)operator(+)integer(5) operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p)operator([)operator(]) operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p) operator([)operator(]) operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() ident(p) operator([) operator(]) operator(\))

+reserved(class) class(NilClass)operator(;) reserved(undef) method(+)operator(,)method([]) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(class) class(Foou)

+ ident(public)

+ reserved(def) method([]) ident(x)operator(=)operator(-)integer(100)operator(,)operator(&)ident(y)operator(;) ident(p) ident(x)operator(;) integer(100) reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+ident(a0)operator(=)integer(8)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(!)pre_constant(false)  comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator(!)pre_constant(false) comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(~)integer(9)      comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator(~)integer(9)     comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(-)integer(9)      comment(#op)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(+)integer(9)      comment(#op)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator(-)integer(9)     comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator(+)integer(9)     comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(<<)integer(9)     comment(#op)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) string<delimiter(<<9)>    comment(#value)string<content(

+foobar)delimiter(

+9)>

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(%)integer(9)      comment(#op)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator(/)integer(9)      comment(#op)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) string<delimiter(%()content(9)delimiter(\))>   comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator(/)integer(9)operator(/)    comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])global_variable($9)      comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])ident(a0)      comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) global_variable($9)     comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) ident(a0)     comment(#value)

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([])operator({)integer(9)operator(})     comment(#lambda (op\))

+ident(p) constant(Foou)operator(.)ident(new)operator(.)operator([]) operator({)integer(9)operator(})    comment(#lambda (op\))

+

+reserved(if) ident(p) reserved(then) ident(p) reserved(end)

+

+ident(p)operator(()operator({)symbol(:foo=)operator(>)symbol(:bar)operator(})operator(\))   comment(#why does this work? i'd think that ':foo=' would be 1 token)

+ident(p)   constant(EMPTY) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(p)   constant(BLACK) operator(=) integer(1)

+ident(p)   constant(WHITE) operator(=) operator(-) constant(BLACK)

+

+ ident(a)operator(=)ident(b)operator(=)ident(c)operator(=)integer(0)

+  ident(a) operator(?) ident(b)symbol(:c)

+  ident(a) integer(?b)symbol(:c)

+

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(?) ident(b)symbol(:c)operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(a) integer(?b)symbol(:c)operator(\))

+

+

+ident(p)operator(~)integer(4)

+ident(p)symbol(:f)

+ident(p)operator(()operator(~)integer(4)operator(\))operator({)operator(})

+ident(p)operator(()symbol(:f)operator(\))operator({)operator(})

+ident(h)operator(=)operator({)operator(})

+ident(h)operator(.)ident(default)operator(=)symbol(:foo)

+

+ident(p) reserved(def) operator(()ident(h)operator(=)string<delimiter(")content(foobar)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(default)operator(=) ident(v)operator(;) ident(p) instance_variable(@v)operator(=)ident(v)operator(;)ident(v) reserved(end)

+ident(p) ident(h)

+

+ident(p) ident(h)operator(.)ident(default)operator(=)symbol(:b)

+

+ident(x)operator(,) operator(()operator(*)ident(y)operator(\)) operator(=) operator([)symbol(:x)operator(,) symbol(:y)operator(,) symbol(:z)operator(])

+ident(p) ident(x)

+ident(p) ident(y)

+

+ident(x)operator(,) operator(*)ident(y) operator(=) operator([)symbol(:x)operator(,) symbol(:y)operator(,) symbol(:z)operator(])

+ident(p) ident(x)

+ident(p) ident(y)

+

+ident(x)operator(,) operator(*) operator(=) operator([)symbol(:x)operator(,) symbol(:y)operator(,) symbol(:z)operator(])

+ident(p) ident(x)

+

+

+

+ident(p) constant(Array)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(foo)char(\\n)content(bar)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+

+ident(p) operator(+)operator(()integer(4)operator(\))

+ident(p) operator(-)operator(()integer(4)operator(\))

+

+ident(p) symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(class) class(Foop)

+  reserved(def) constant(Foop)operator(.)ident(bar) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+    ident(p) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+  reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+constant(Foop)operator(.)ident(bar) integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)

+constant(Foop)operator(::)ident(bar) integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)

+

+

+reserved(class) class(Foop)

+  reserved(def) constant(Foop)operator(::)ident(baz) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+    ident(p) symbol(:baz)operator(,)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+  reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+constant(Foop)operator(.)ident(baz) integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)

+constant(Foop)operator(::)ident(baz) integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)

+

+

+

+ident(without_creating)operator(=)ident(widgetname)operator(=)pre_constant(nil)

+      reserved(if) ident(without_creating) operator(&&) operator(!)ident(widgetname) comment(#foo)

+        ident(fail) constant(ArgumentError)operator(,)

+             string<delimiter(")content(if set 'without_creating' to true, need to define 'widgetname')delimiter(")>

+      reserved(end)

+

+

+

+comment(=begin disable for now

+

+#class, module, and def should temporarily hide local variables

+def mopsdfjskdf arg; arg*2 end

+mopsdfjskdf=5

+ class C

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(3\)    #calls method

+ end

+

+module M

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(4\)    #calls method

+end

+

+ def d

+ p mopsdfjskdf %(5\)    #calls method

+ end

+p d

+p mopsdfjskdf %(6\)     #reads variable

+p proc{mopsdfjskdf %(7\)}[] #reads variable

+

+#fancy symbols not supported yet

+p %s{symbol}

+=end)

+

+comment(#multiple assignment test)

+ident(proc) operator({)

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)ident(c)operator(,)ident(d)operator(,)ident(e)operator(,)ident(f)operator(,)ident(g)operator(,)ident(h)operator(,)ident(i)operator(,)ident(j)operator(,)ident(k)operator(=)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(,)integer(9)operator(,)integer(10)operator(,)integer(11)

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(b) string<delimiter(%()content(c)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(a) string<delimiter(%()content(c)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(k) string<delimiter(%()content(c)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+  ident(p)operator(()ident(p) string<delimiter(%()content(c)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+operator(})operator(.)ident(call)

+

+

+comment(=begin disable for now

+p "#{<<kekerz}#{"foob"

+zimpler

+kekerz

+}"

+

+

+aaa=<<whatnot; p "#{'uh,yeah'

+gonna take it down, to the nitty-grit

+gonna tell you mother-fuckers why you ain't shit

+cause suckers like you just make me strong

+whatnot

+}"

+p aaa

+

+#test variable creation in string inclusion

+#currently broken because string inclusions

+#are lexed by a separate lexer!

+proc {

+  p "jentawz: #{baz=200}"

+  p( baz %(9\)\)

+}.call

+=end)

+

+comment(=begin ought to work...ruby doesn't like

+class A

+class B

+class C

+end

+end

+end

+def A::B::C::d(\) :abcd end

+def A::B::d(\) :abd end   #this used to work as well... i think

+

+def nil.d=; end #this works

+def (;\).d=; end

+def (\).d=; end

+p def (p h="foobar";\).default= v; p @v=v;v end

+p def (p h="foobar";h\).default= v; p @v=v;v end

+

+p~4{}

+p:f{}

+p ~4{}

+p :f{}

+

+def g a=:g; [a] end

+g g g  #this works

+g *g   #this works

+g *g g #this doesn't

+

+[nil,p 5]

+"foo"+[1].join' '

+

+class Fook

+def foo; end

+

+

+#these work:

+(not true\)

+p(!true\) #etc

+(true if false\) #etc

+(true and false\) #etc

+(undef foo\)

+(alias bar foo\)

+(BEGIN{p :yyy}\)

+

+#these don't:

+p(not true\)

+p(true if false\) #etc

+p(true and false\) #etc

+p(undef foo\)

+p(alias bar foo\)

+p(BEGIN{p :yyy}\)

+end

+

+=end)

+

+ident(proc) operator({)

+operator(})

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(<<foobar3)>delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(bim)

+ident(baz)

+ident(bof)

+ident(foobar3)

+

+reserved(def) method(func)

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)operator(*) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+  ident(p) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+  ident(p) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+  ident(p) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+  ident(a)operator(,)operator(*)ident(b) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+  ident(p) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)

+

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)operator(*)ident(c)operator(=)operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+  ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)operator(*) ident(c)operator(=)operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(,)integer(4)operator(,)integer(5)operator(,)integer(6)operator(,)integer(7)operator(,)integer(8)operator(])

+reserved(end)

+ident(func)

+

+

+ident(p)operator(() regexp<delimiter(%r{)char(\\/)content($)delimiter(})>operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() regexp<delimiter(%r~)content(<!include:([)char(\\/)char(\\w)char(\\.)char(\\-)content(]+\)>)delimiter(~)modifier(m)>operator(\))

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<end)>string<content(

+)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(compile_body)delimiter(})>char(\\

+)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(outvar)delimiter(})>delimiter(

+end)>

+

+

+

+

+

+ident(proc) operator({)

+  ident(h)operator(=)operator({)symbol(:a=)operator(>)operator(()ident(foo)operator(=)integer(100)operator(\))operator(})

+  ident(p)operator(() ident(foo) string<delimiter(%()content(5)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+operator(})operator(.)ident(call)

+

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(<<foobar3)>delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(bim)

+ident(baz)

+ident(bof)

+ident(foobar3)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(<<foobar2)>string<content(

+bim

+baz

+bof)delimiter(

+foobar2)>

+delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<one)> operator(;) ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(<<two)>delimiter(})>delimiter(")>string<content(

+1111111111111111

+fdsgdfgdsfffff)delimiter(

+one)>string<content(

+2222222222222222

+sdfasdfasdfads)delimiter(

+two)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)string<delimiter(<<foobar0)>operator(.)ident(each)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(|)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator({)operator(|)ident(s)operator(|) string<delimiter(')content(\\n)content(thort: )delimiter(')>operator(+)ident(s)operator(}) delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(jbvd)operator(|)ident(g4543ghb)operator(|)operator(!)instance_variable(@G)global_variable($dfsd)operator(|)ident(fafr)operator(|)ident(e)

+operator(|)ident(s4e5rrwware)operator(|)constant(BBBBB)operator(|*)operator(&)operator(^)operator(()operator(*&)operator(^)operator(>)string<delimiter(")content(PMK:njs;d|

+

+foobar0

+

+p )delimiter(")>comment(#{<<foobar1.each('|'\){|s| '\\nthort: '+s})

+ident(jbvd)operator(|)ident(g4543ghb)operator(|)operator(!)instance_variable(@G)global_variable($dfsd)operator(|)ident(fafr)operator(|)ident(e)

+operator(|)ident(s4e5rrwware)operator(|)constant(BBBBB)operator(|*)operator(&)operator(^)operator(()operator(*&)operator(^)operator(>)string<delimiter(")content(PMK:njs;d|

+

+foobar1

+})delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(def) method(foo)operator(()ident(a)operator(=)string<delimiter(<<a)>operator(,)ident(b)operator(=)string<delimiter(<<b)>operator(,)ident(c)operator(=)string<delimiter(<<c)>operator(\))string<content(

+jfksdkjf

+dkljjkf)delimiter(

+a)>string<content(

+kdljfjkdg

+dfglkdfkgjdf

+dkf)delimiter(

+b)>string<content(

+lkdffdjksadhf

+sdflkdjgsfdkjgsdg

+dsfg;lkdflisgffd

+g)delimiter(

+c)>

+

+   ident(a)operator(+)ident(b)operator(+)ident(c)

+

+reserved(end)

+ident(p) ident(foo)

+

+

+

+global_variable($a)operator(=)integer(1)

+instance_variable(@b)operator(=)integer(2)

+class_variable(@@c)operator(=)integer(3)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($a)operator(+)instance_variable(@b)operator(+)class_variable(@@c)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")char(\\#)content($a )char(\\#)content(@b )char(\\#)content(@@c )char(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(')>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(\\#)content($a )content(\\#)content(@b )content(\\#)content(@@c )content(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(')>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w")content(#$a #@b #@@c #{$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w")content(\\#)content($a )content(\\#)content(@b )content(\\#)content(@@c )content(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%W")escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($a)operator(+)instance_variable(@b)operator(+)class_variable(@@c)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%W")char(\\#)content($a )char(\\#)content(@b )char(\\#)content(@@c )char(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($a)operator(+)instance_variable(@b)operator(+)class_variable(@@c)delimiter(})>delimiter(])>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)char(\\#)content($a )char(\\#)content(@b )char(\\#)content(@@c )char(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(])>

+ident(p) shell<delimiter(`)content(echo )escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($a)operator(+)instance_variable(@b)operator(+)class_variable(@@c)delimiter(})>delimiter(`)>

+ident(p) shell<delimiter(`)content(echo )char(\\#)content($a )char(\\#)content(@b )char(\\#)content(@@c )char(\\#)content({$a+@b+@@c})delimiter(`)>

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($a)operator(+)instance_variable(@b)operator(+)class_variable(@@c)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#p(/\\#$a \\#@b \\#@@c \\#{$a+@b+@@c}/\) #moved to w.rb)

+

+reserved(class) class(AA)operator(;) reserved(class) class(BB)operator(;) reserved(class) class(CC)

+constant(FFOO)operator(=)integer(1)

+reserved(end) reserved(end) reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) constant(AA)operator(::)constant(BB)operator(::)constant(CC)operator(::)constant(FFOO)

+

+ident(compile_body)operator(=)ident(outvar)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(foob)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(if) pre_constant(false)

+ ident(method_src) operator(=) ident(c)operator(.)ident(compile)operator(()ident(template)operator(,) operator(()constant(HtmlCompiler)operator(::)constant(AnyData)operator(.)ident(new)operator(\))operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(+)

+    string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(# generated by PartsTemplate::compile_partstemplate at )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ ident(rescu) operator(-)integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+

+  ident(p)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(rb_out)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(args)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(<<-'EOL')>operator(\))string<content(

+    regsub -all {!} $args {)char(\\\\)content(!} args

+    regsub -all "{" $args ")char(\\\\)content({" args

+    if {[set st [catch {ruby [format "TkCore.callback %%Q!%s!" $args]} ret]] != 0} {

+        return -code $st $ret

+    } {

+        return $ret

+    })delimiter(

+  EOL)>

+

+reserved(def) method(add)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+   pre_constant(self)operator(.)operator(<<)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+

+ident(val)operator(=)string<delimiter(%[)content(13,17,22,"hike", ?)char(\\s)delimiter(])>

+    reserved(if) ident(val)operator(.)ident(include?) integer(?\\s)

+      ident(p) ident(val)operator(.)ident(split)operator(.)ident(collect)operator({)operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) operator(()ident(v)operator(\))operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")content(#(1\))delimiter(")>

+reserved(class) class(Hosts)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(class) class(DNS) operator(<) constant(Hosts)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(intialize)operator(()ident(resolvers)operator(=)operator([)constant(Hosts)operator(.)ident(new)operator(,) constant(DNS)operator(.)ident(new)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(environment)operator(()ident(env) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()global_variable($0)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(.*)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(ssssss) operator(&)ident(block)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(params_quoted)operator(()ident(field_name)operator(,) ident(default)operator(\))

+  reserved(if) ident(block_given?) reserved(then) reserved(yield) ident(field_name) reserved(else) ident(default) reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(==)operator(()ident(o)operator(\)) integer(444) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) constant(String)operator(.)ident(ffff4)operator(()operator(\)) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(+)string<delimiter(")content(ffff)delimiter(")> reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) operator(*)operator([)operator(])

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) \

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+comment(#()

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if)

+pre_constant(false) reserved(then) ident(foob12345)operator(;) reserved(else) operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+comment(#\))

+operator(()

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if) pre_constant(false) reserved(then)

+ident(foob12345)operator(;) reserved(else) operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+ident(c)operator(=)ident(j)operator(=)integer(0)

+reserved(until) reserved(while) ident(j)operator(<)integer(10) reserved(do) ident(j)operator(+)operator(=)integer(1) reserved(end)operator(.)ident(nil?) reserved(do) ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(pppppppppp)delimiter(')> reserved(end)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if) pre_constant(false) reserved(then) ident(foob12345)operator(;)

+reserved(else) operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if) pre_constant(false) reserved(then) ident(foob12345)operator(;) reserved(else)

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()ident(c)operator(;)

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+operator(\))

+operator(()

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()reserved(begin)

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end)operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if) pre_constant(false) reserved(then) ident(foob12345)operator(;) reserved(else)

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()

+

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()

+operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+operator(\))

+

+

+reserved(def) method(yy)operator(;)reserved(yield) reserved(end)

+

+ident(block)operator(=)ident(proc)operator({)ident(p) string<delimiter(")content(blah  blah)delimiter(")>operator(})

+

+ident(yy) operator(&)ident(block)

+ident(p)operator(()integer(1)operator(.)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\))

+ident(p) ident(pppp)

+

+reserved(module) class(M66)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(proc) reserved(do)

+   ident(p)operator(=)integer(123)

+reserved(end)operator(.)ident(call)operator(\))

+

+ident(p) ident(proc) operator({)

+   ident(p)operator(=)integer(123)

+operator(})operator(.)ident(call)

+

+ident(p) reserved(def) method(pppp)

+   ident(p)operator(=)integer(123)

+reserved(end)

+ident(p) reserved(module) class(Ppp)

+   ident(p)operator(=)integer(123)

+reserved(end)

+ident(p) reserved(class) class(Pppp) operator(<) constant(String)

+   ident(p)operator(=)integer(123)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(_make_regex)operator(()ident(str)operator(\)) operator(/)operator(()operator([)comment(#{Regexp.escape(str\)}]\)/n end)

+ident(p) ident(_make_regex)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(8smdf,34rh)char(\\#)content(@)char(\\#)content($%$gfm/[]dD)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content(

+

+d e f

+)escape(#)global_variable($a)content( )escape(#)instance_variable(@b)content( )escape(#)class_variable(@@c)content(

+)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")char(\\")delimiter(")>

+

+ident(a)operator(=)ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_s)

+reserved(class) operator(<<)class(a)

+  reserved(def) method(foobar)

+     pre_constant(self)operator(*)integer(101)

+  reserved(end)

+  reserved(alias)    ident(eql?)    operator(==)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) ident(a)operator(.)ident(foobar)

+

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(*(([+-)char(\\/)content(*&)char(\\|)content(^]|<<|>>|)char(\\|)char(\\|)content(|)char(\\&)char(\\&)content(\)=|)char(\\&)char(\\&)content(|)char(\\|)char(\\|)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()symbol(:%)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(() operator({) symbol(:class) operator(=)operator(>) ident(class_)operator(=)integer(0)operator(})operator(\))

+ident(p) ident(cls_name) operator(=) operator({)operator(})operator([)symbol(:class)operator(])

+

+

+ident(p) ident(foo)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)operator(.)ident(class)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(p) symbol(:p)

+ident(p)operator(()symbol(:p)operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")content([])delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(p) symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")content([])delimiter(")>

+ident(p)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\\\)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([)char(\\\\)content(])delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(p) integer(0x80)

+ident(p) integer(?p)

+ident(p) float(0.1)

+ident(p) float(0.8)

+ident(p) float(0.9)

+ident(p)operator(()operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%/)content(p)delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)content(<LI>)delimiter(])>

+ident(i)operator(=)integer(99)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)content(<LI><A HREF=")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)operator([)integer(3)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.html)char(\\#)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)operator([)integer(4)operator(])delimiter(})>content(">)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(+)ident(i)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(+)operator(()ident(i)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))delimiter(})>content(</A>)char(\\n)delimiter(])>

+ident(p)operator(()symbol(:side=)operator(>)symbol(:top)operator(\))

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w[)content(a b c

+     d e f)delimiter(])>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w[)content(a b c)content(\\n)content(

+     d e f)delimiter(])>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w[)char(\\\\)delimiter(])>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w[)char(\\])delimiter(])>

+ident(p) symbol(:+)

+ident(p) integer(99) operator(/) integer(3)

+

+ident(a)operator(=)integer(99)operator(;)ident(b)operator(=)integer(3)

+ident(p) integer(1)operator(+)operator(()ident(a) operator(/) ident(b)operator(\))

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)char(\\")delimiter(])>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%Q[)content( some )nesting_delimiter([)content(nested)nesting_delimiter(])content( text)delimiter(])>

+

+reserved(if) pre_constant(false)

+     ident(formatter)operator(.)ident(format_element)operator(()ident(element)operator(\)) reserved(do)

+       ident(amrita_expand_and_format1)operator(()ident(element)operator(,) ident(context)operator(,) ident(formatter)operator(\))

+     reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(if) pre_constant(false)

+ ident(ret) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<-END)>string<content(

+ @@parts_template = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(template)operator(.)ident(to_ruby)delimiter(})>content(

+ def parts_template

+   @@parts_template

+ end

+

+ )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)operator(.)ident(const_def_src)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(

+ def amrita_expand_and_format(element, context, formatter\)

+   if element.tagname_symbol == :span and element.attrs.size == 0

+     amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter\)

+   else

+     formatter.format_element(element\) do

+       amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter\)

+     end

+   end

+ end

+

+ def amrita_expand_and_format1(element, context, formatter\)

+   )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(method_src)delimiter(})>content(

+ end)delimiter(

+ END)>

+ ident(j)operator(=)integer(55)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(

+)delimiter(')>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(\\n)delimiter(')>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")content(

+)delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w/)content(

+)delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%w/)content(\\n)delimiter(/)>

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%W/)content(

+)delimiter(/)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(%W/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(p) ident(proc) operator({)

+  ident(p) shell<delimiter(`)content(

+  )delimiter(`)>

+  ident(p) shell<delimiter(`)char(\\n)delimiter(`)>

+operator(})

+

+

+

+ident(p)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r[)content(foo)delimiter(])modifier(i)>operator(\))

+comment(#breakpoint)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<stuff)>operator(+)string<delimiter(')content(foobar)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(tr)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(j-l)delimiter(')>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(d-f)delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

+"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog)delimiter(

+stuff)>

+

+comment(=begin doesn't work

+p <<stuff+'foobar'.tr('j-l','d-f'\)\\

++"more stuff"

+12345678

+the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog

+stuff

+=end)

+

+ident(p) constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(AmritaCacheDir)delimiter(")>operator(])

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<-BEGIN)> operator(+) string<delimiter(<<-END)>string<content(

+          def element_downcase(attributes = {}\))delimiter(

+        BEGIN)>string<content(

+          end)delimiter(

+        END)>

+

+

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<ggg)>operator(;) reserved(def)string<content(

+kleegarts(\) p 'kkkkkkk' end

+dfgdgfdf)delimiter(

+ggg)>

+ident(koomblatz!)operator(()operator(\)) ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(jdkfsk)delimiter(')> reserved(end)

+

+ident(koomblatz!)

+

+ident(p) ident(f) operator(=) float(3.7517675036461267e+17)

+ident(p) global_variable($10)

+ident(p) global_variable($1001)

+ident(p)operator(() string<delimiter(<<end)> operator(\))string<content(

+nine time nine men have stood untold.)delimiter(

+end)>

+

+reserved(def) method(jd_to_wday)operator(()ident(jd)operator(\)) operator(()ident(jd) operator(+) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) integer(7) reserved(end)

+ident(p) ident(jd_to_wday)operator(()integer(98)operator(\))

+

+

+ident(p)    ident(pre) operator(=) global_variable($`)

+comment(=begin

+=end)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<"..end ..")>string<content(

+cbkvjb

+vb;lkxcvkbxc

+vxlc;kblxckvb

+xcvblcvb)delimiter(

+..end ..)>

+

+ident(p) global_variable($-j)operator(=)integer(55)

+

+reserved(def) method(empty)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<a)>string<content(

+dkflg

+flk)delimiter(

+a)>

+

+ident(label)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(label)delimiter(')>operator(;)ident(tab)operator(=)operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)operator(])

+      ident(p) string<delimiter(<<S)>string<content(

+)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(label)delimiter(})>content( = arr = Array.new()inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tab)operator(.)ident(size)delimiter(})>content(, nil\)

+str = a = i = nil

+idx = 0

+clist.each do |str|

+  str.split(',', -1\).each do |i|

+    arr[idx] = i.to_i unless i.empty?

+    idx += 1

+  end

+end

+)delimiter(

+S)>

+reserved(def) method(printem1) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)ident(c)

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(b) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(c) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(foobar)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(foobar2)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(printem0)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(printem0)operator(()ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)ident(c)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(b) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(c) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(printem2) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)ident(c)operator(;) ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))operator(;) ident(p)operator(()ident(b) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))operator(;) ident(p)operator(()ident(c) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(three)operator(()operator(\)) operator(()integer(1)operator(+)integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(d)operator(;)reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(d)operator(()operator(\))reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(d)operator(()ident(dd)operator(\))reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(printem) ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(,)ident(c)

+   ident(p) ident(a)operator(;)ident(p) ident(b)operator(;)ident(p) ident(c)

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+   ident(p)operator(()ident(b) string<delimiter(%()content(0.123)delimiter(\))>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+ident(printem) integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(3)

+

+ident(a)operator(=)integer(1)

+ident(p)operator(()ident(a) operator(+)integer(77)operator(\))

+

+reserved(def) method(hhh)operator(()ident(a)operator(=)operator(()integer(1)operator(+)integer(2)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(a) reserved(end)

+

+

+

+reserved(END) operator({)

+  ident(p) string<delimiter(")content(bye-bye)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<here)>string<content(

+where?)delimiter(

+here)>

+ident(p) string<delimiter(<<-what)>string<content(

+     ? that's)delimiter(

+  what)>

+ident(p) ident(proc)operator({)operator(||)operator(})

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) reserved(if) pre_constant(false)

+ident(foob12345)operator(;) reserved(else) operator([)integer(44)operator(,)integer(55)operator(,)integer(66)operator(,)integer(77)operator(,)integer(88)operator(]) reserved(end) reserved(do) ident(p) ident(i)operator(**)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) reserved(end)

+ident(p) string<delimiter(")char(\\v)delimiter(")>

+ident(c)operator(=)integer(0)

+      reserved(while) ident(c) operator(==) regexp<delimiter(/)content([ )char(\\t)char(\\f)char(\\r)char(\\13)content(])delimiter(/)>operator(;) reserved(end)

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/test/ruby/pleac.in.rb b/test/ruby/pleac.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f967b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/pleac.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6368 @@
+# -*- ruby -*-
+
+# Local variables:
+#  indent-tabs-mode: nil
+#  ruby-indent-level: 4
+# End:
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_NAME
+# @@SKIP@@ Ruby
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_WEB
+# @@SKIP@@ http://www.ruby-lang.org
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.0
+string = '\n'                     # two characters, \ and an n
+string = 'Jon \'Maddog\' Orwant'  # literal single quotes
+
+string = "\n"                     # a "newline" character
+string = "Jon \"Maddog\" Orwant"  # literal double quotes
+
+string = %q/Jon 'Maddog' Orwant/  # literal single quotes
+
+string = %q[Jon 'Maddog' Orwant]  # literal single quotes
+string = %q{Jon 'Maddog' Orwant}  # literal single quotes
+string = %q(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)  # literal single quotes
+string = %q<Jon 'Maddog' Orwant>  # literal single quotes
+
+a = <<"EOF"
+This is a multiline here document
+terminated by EOF on a line by itself
+EOF
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.1
+value = string[offset,count]
+value = string[offset..-1]
+
+string[offset,count] = newstring
+string[offset..-1]   = newtail
+
+# in Ruby we can also specify intervals by their two offsets
+value = string[offset..offs2]
+string[offset..offs2] = newstring
+
+leading, s1, s2, trailing = data.unpack("A5 x3 A8 A8 A*")
+
+fivers = string.unpack("A5" * (string.length/5))
+
+chars = string.unpack("A1" * string.length)
+
+string = "This is what you have"
+#        +012345678901234567890  Indexing forwards  (left to right)
+#         109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left)
+#          note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above
+
+first  = string[0, 1]       # "T"
+start  = string[5, 2]       # "is"
+rest   = string[13..-1]     # "you have"
+last   = string[-1, 1]      # "e"
+end_   = string[-4..-1]     # "have"
+piece  = string[-8, 3]      # "you"
+
+string[5, 2] = "wasn't"     # change "is" to "wasn't"
+string[-12..-1] = "ondrous" # "This wasn't wondrous"
+string[0, 1] = ""           # delete first character
+string[-10..-1]  = ""       # delete last 10 characters
+
+if string[-10..-1] =~ /pattern/
+    puts "Pattern matches in last 10 characters"
+end
+
+string[0, 5].gsub!(/is/, 'at')
+
+a = "make a hat"
+a[0, 1], a[-1, 1] = a[-1, 1], a[0, 1]
+
+a = "To be or not to be"
+b = a.unpack("x6 A6")
+
+b, c = a.unpack("x6 A2 X5 A2")
+puts "#{b}\n#{c}\n"
+
+def cut2fmt(*args)
+    template = ''
+    lastpos  = 1
+    for place in args
+        template += "A" + (place - lastpos).to_s + " "
+        lastpos   = place
+    end
+    template += "A*"
+    return template
+end
+
+fmt = cut2fmt(8, 14, 20, 26, 30)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.2
+# careful! "b is true" doesn't mean "b != 0" (0 is true in Ruby)
+# thus no problem of "defined" later since only nil is false
+# the following sets to `c' if `b' is nil or false
+a = b || c
+
+# if you need Perl's behaviour (setting to `c' if `b' is 0) the most
+# effective way is to use Numeric#nonzero? (thanks to Dave Thomas!)
+a = b.nonzero? || c
+
+# you will still want to use defined? in order to test
+# for scope existence of a given object
+a = defined?(b) ? b : c
+
+dir = ARGV.shift || "/tmp"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.3
+v1, v2 = v2, v1
+
+alpha, beta, production = %w(January March August)
+alpha, beta, production = beta, production, alpha
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.4
+num = char[0]
+char = num.chr
+
+# Ruby also supports having a char from character constant
+num = ?r
+
+char = sprintf("%c", num)
+printf("Number %d is character %c\n", num, num)
+
+ascii = string.unpack("C*")
+string = ascii.pack("C*")
+
+hal = "HAL"
+ascii = hal.unpack("C*")
+# We can't use Array#each since we can't mutate a Fixnum
+ascii.collect! { |i|
+    i + 1                         # add one to each ASCII value
+}                
+ibm = ascii.pack("C*")
+puts ibm
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.5
+array = string.split('')
+
+array = string.unpack("C*")
+
+string.scan(/./) { |b|
+    # do something with b
+}
+
+string = "an apple a day"
+print "unique chars are: ", string.split('').uniq.sort, "\n"
+
+sum = 0
+for ascval in string.unpack("C*") # or use Array#each for a pure OO style :)
+    sum += ascval
+end
+puts "sum is #{sum & 0xffffffff}" # since Ruby will go Bignum if necessary
+
+# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/slowcat.rb
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.6
+revbytes = string.reverse
+
+revwords = string.split(" ").reverse.join(" ")
+
+revwords = string.split(/(\s+)/).reverse.join
+
+# using the fact that IO is Enumerable, you can directly "select" it
+long_palindromes = File.open("/usr/share/dict/words").
+    select { |w| w.chomp!; w.reverse == w && w.length > 5 }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.7
+while string.sub!("\t+") { ' ' * ($&.length * 8 - $`.length % 8) }
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.8
+'You owe #{debt} to me'.gsub(/\#{(\w+)}/) { eval($1) }
+
+rows, cols = 24, 80
+text = %q(I am #{rows} high and #{cols} long)
+text.gsub!(/\#{(\w+)}/) { eval("#{$1}") }
+puts text
+
+'I am 17 years old'.gsub(/\d+/) { 2 * $&.to_i }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.9
+e = "bo peep".upcase
+e.downcase!
+e.capitalize!
+
+"thIS is a loNG liNE".gsub!(/\w+/) { $&.capitalize }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.10
+"I have #{n+1} guanacos."
+print "I have ", n+1, " guanacos."
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.11
+var = <<'EOF'.gsub(/^\s+/, '')
+    your text
+    goes here
+EOF
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.12
+string = "Folding and splicing is the work of an editor,\n"+
+    "not a mere collection of silicon\n"+ 
+    "and\n"+
+    "mobile electrons!"
+
+def wrap(str, max_size)
+    all = []
+    line = ''
+    for l in str.split
+        if (line+l).length >= max_size
+            all.push(line)
+            line = ''
+        end
+        line += line == '' ? l : ' ' + l
+    end
+    all.push(line).join("\n")
+end
+
+print wrap(string, 20)
+#=> Folding and 
+#=> splicing is the 
+#=> work of an editor, 
+#=> not a mere 
+#=> collection of 
+#=> silicon and mobile 
+#=> electrons!
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.13
+string = %q(Mom said, "Don't do that.")
+string.gsub(/['"]/) { '\\'+$& }
+string.gsub(/['"]/, '\&\&')
+string.gsub(/[^A-Z]/) { '\\'+$& }
+"is a test!".gsub(/\W/) { '\\'+$& }  # no function like quotemeta?
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.14
+string.strip!
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.15
+def parse_csv(text)
+    new = text.scan(/"([^\"\\]*(?:\\.[^\"\\]*)*)",?|([^,]+),?|,/)
+    new << nil if text[-1] == ?,
+    new.flatten.compact
+end  
+
+line = %q<XYZZY,"","O'Reilly, Inc","Wall, Larry","a \"glug\" bit,",5,"Error, Core Dumped">
+fields = parse_csv(line)
+fields.each_with_index { |v,i|
+    print "#{i} : #{v}\n";
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.16
+# Use the soundex.rb Library from Michael Neumann.
+# http://www.s-direktnet.de/homepages/neumann/rb_prgs/Soundex.rb
+require 'Soundex'
+
+code = Text::Soundex.soundex(string)
+codes = Text::Soundex.soundex(array)
+
+# substitution function for getpwent():
+# returns an array of user entries,
+# each entry contains the username and the full name
+def login_names
+    result = []
+    File.open("/etc/passwd") { |file|
+        file.each_line { |line|
+            next if line.match(/^#/)
+            cols = line.split(":")
+            result.push([cols[0], cols[4]])
+        }
+    }
+    result
+end
+
+puts "Lookup user: "
+user = STDIN.gets
+user.chomp!
+exit unless user
+name_code = Text::Soundex.soundex(user)
+
+splitter = Regexp.new('(\w+)[^,]*\b(\w+)')
+for username, fullname in login_names do
+    firstname, lastname = splitter.match(fullname)[1,2]
+    if name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(username)
+        || name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(firstname)
+        || name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(lastname)
+    then
+        puts "#{username}: #{firstname} #{lastname}"
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.17
+# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/fixstyle.rb
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_1.18
+# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/psgrep.rb
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.1
+# Matz tells that you can use Integer() for strict checked conversion.
+Integer("abc")
+#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "abc" (ArgumentError)
+Integer("567")
+#=> 567
+
+# You may use Float() for floating point stuff
+Integer("56.7")
+#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "56.7" (ArgumentError)
+Float("56.7")
+#=> 56.7
+
+# You may also use a regexp for that
+if string =~ /^[+-]?\d+$/
+    p 'is an integer'
+else
+    p 'is not'
+end
+
+if string =~ /^-?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)$/
+    p 'is a decimal number'
+else
+    p 'is not'
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.2
+# equal(num1, num2, accuracy) : returns true if num1 and num2 are
+#   equal to accuracy number of decimal places
+def equal(i, j, a)
+    sprintf("%.#{a}g", i) == sprintf("%.#{a}g", j)
+end
+
+wage = 536                        # $5.36/hour
+week = 40 * wage                  # $214.40
+printf("One week's wage is: \$%.2f\n", week/100.0)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.3
+num.round                         # rounds to integer
+
+a = 0.255
+b = sprintf("%.2f", a)
+print  "Unrounded: #{a}\nRounded: #{b}\n"
+printf "Unrounded: #{a}\nRounded: %.2f\n", a
+
+print "number\tint\tfloor\tceil\n"
+a = [ 3.3 , 3.5 , 3.7, -3.3 ]
+for n in a
+    printf("% .1f\t% .1f\t% .1f\t% .1f\n",  # at least I don't fake my output :)
+           n, n.to_i, n.floor, n.ceil)
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.4
+def dec2bin(n)
+    [n].pack("N").unpack("B32")[0].sub(/^0+(?=\d)/, '')
+end
+
+def bin2dec(n)
+    [("0"*32+n.to_s)[-32..-1]].pack("B32").unpack("N")[0]
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.5
+for i in x .. y
+    # i is set to every integer from x to y, inclusive
+end
+
+x.step(y,7) { |i|
+    # i is set to every integer from x to y, stepsize = 7
+}
+
+print "Infancy is: "
+(0..2).each { |i|
+    print i, " "
+}
+print "\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.6
+# We can add conversion methods to the Integer class,
+# this makes a roman number just a representation for normal numbers.
+class Integer
+    
+    @@romanlist = [["M", 1000],
+                   ["CM", 900],
+                   ["D",  500],
+                   ["CD", 400],
+                   ["C",  100],
+                   ["XC",  90],
+                   ["L",   50],
+                   ["XL",  40],
+                   ["X",   10],
+                   ["IX",   9],
+                   ["V",    5],
+                   ["IV",   4],
+                   ["I",    1]]
+    
+    def to_roman
+        remains = self
+        roman = ""
+        for sym, num in @@romanlist
+            while remains >= num
+                remains -= num
+                roman << sym
+            end
+        end
+        roman
+    end
+    
+    def Integer.from_roman(roman)
+        ustr = roman.upcase
+        sum = 0
+        for entry in @@romanlist
+            sym, num = entry[0], entry[1]
+            while sym == ustr[0, sym.length]
+                sum += num
+                ustr.slice!(0, sym.length)
+            end
+        end
+        sum
+    end
+    
+end
+
+
+roman_fifteen = 15.to_roman
+puts "Roman for fifteen is #{roman_fifteen}"
+i = Integer.from_roman(roman_fifteen)
+puts "Converted back, #{roman_fifteen} is #{i}"
+
+# check
+for i in (1..3900)
+    r = i.to_roman
+    j = Integer.from_roman(r)
+    if i != j
+        puts "error: #{i} : #{r} - #{j}"
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.7
+random = rand(y-x+1)+x
+
+chars = ["A".."Z","a".."z","0".."9"].collect { |r| r.to_a }.join + %q(!@$%^&*)
+password = (1..8).collect { chars[rand(chars.size)] }.pack("C*")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.8
+srand        # uses a combination of the time, the process id, and a sequence number
+srand(val)   # for repeatable behaviour
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.9
+# from the randomr lib: 
+# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/
+----> http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/
+
+require 'random/mersenne_twister'
+mers = Random::MersenneTwister.new 123456789
+puts mers.rand(0)    # 0.550321932544541
+puts mers.rand(10)   # 2
+
+# using online sources of random data via the realrand package:
+# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/realrand/
+# **Note**
+# The following online services are used in this package:
+#   http://www.random.org - source: atmospheric noise 
+#   http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits - source: radioactive decay timings
+#   http://random.hd.org - source: entropy from local and network noise
+# Please visit the sites and respect the rules of each service.
+
+require 'random/online'
+
+generator1 = Random::RandomOrg.new
+puts generator1.randbyte(5).join(",")
+puts generator1.randnum(10, 1, 6).join(",")  # Roll dice 10 times.
+
+generator2 = Random::FourmiLab.new
+puts generator2.randbyte(5).join(",")
+# randnum is not supported.
+
+generator3 = Random::EntropyPool.new
+puts generator3.randbyte(5).join(",")
+# randnum is not supported.
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.10
+def gaussian_rand
+    begin
+        u1 = 2 * rand() - 1
+        u2 = 2 * rand() - 1
+        w = u1*u1 + u2*u2
+    end while (w >= 1)
+    w = Math.sqrt((-2*Math.log(w))/w)
+    [ u2*w, u1*w ]
+end
+
+mean = 25
+sdev = 2
+salary = gaussian_rand[0] * sdev + mean
+printf("You have been hired at \$%.2f\n", salary)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.11
+def deg2rad(d)
+    (d/180.0)*Math::PI
+end
+
+def rad2deg(r)
+    (r/Math::PI)*180
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.12
+sin_val = Math.sin(angle)
+cos_val = Math.cos(angle)
+tan_val = Math.tan(angle)
+
+# AFAIK Ruby's Math module doesn't provide acos/asin
+# While we're at it, let's also define missing hyperbolic functions
+module Math
+    def Math.asin(x)
+        atan2(x, sqrt(1 - x**2))
+    end
+    def Math.acos(x)
+        atan2(sqrt(1 - x**2), x)
+    end
+    def Math.atan(x)
+        atan2(x, 1)
+    end
+    def Math.sinh(x)
+        (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2
+    end
+    def Math.cosh(x)
+        (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2
+    end
+    def Math.tanh(x)
+        sinh(x) / cosh(x)
+    end
+end
+
+# The support for Complex numbers is not built-in
+y = Math.acos(3.7)
+#=> in `sqrt': square root for negative number (ArgumentError)
+
+# There is an implementation of Complex numbers in 'complex.rb' in current
+# Ruby distro, but it doesn't support atan2 with complex args, so it doesn't
+# solve this problem.
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.13
+log_e = Math.log(val)
+log_10 = Math.log10(val)
+
+def log_base(base, val)
+    Math.log(val)/Math.log(base)
+end
+
+answer = log_base(10, 10_000)
+puts "log10(10,000) = #{answer}"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.14
+require 'matrix.rb'
+
+a = Matrix[[3, 2, 3], [5, 9, 8]]
+b = Matrix[[4, 7], [9, 3], [8, 1]]
+c = a * b
+
+a.row_size
+a.column_size
+
+c.det
+a.transpose
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.15
+require 'complex.rb'
+require 'rational.rb'
+
+a = Complex(3, 5)              # 3 + 5i
+b = Complex(2, -2)             # 2 - 2i
+puts "c = #{a*b}"
+
+c = a * b
+d = 3 + 4*Complex::I
+
+printf "sqrt(#{d}) = %s\n", Math.sqrt(d)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.16
+number = hexadecimal.hex
+number = octal.oct
+
+print "Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: "
+num = gets.chomp
+exit unless defined?(num)
+num = num.oct if num =~ /^0/  # does both oct and hex  
+printf "%d %x %o\n", num, num, num
+
+print "Enter file permission in octal: "
+permissions = gets.chomp
+raise "Exiting ...\n" unless defined?(permissions)
+puts "The decimal value is #{permissions.oct}"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.17
+def commify(n)
+    n.to_s =~ /([^\.]*)(\..*)?/
+    int, dec = $1.reverse, $2 ? $2 : ""
+    while int.gsub!(/(,|\.|^)(\d{3})(\d)/, '\1\2,\3')
+    end
+    int.reverse + dec
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.18
+printf "It took %d hour%s\n", time, time == 1 ? "" : "s"
+
+# dunno if an equivalent to Lingua::EN::Inflect exists...
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_2.19
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# bigfact - calculating prime factors
+def factorize(orig)
+    factors = {}
+    factors.default = 0     # return 0 instead nil if key not found in hash
+    n = orig
+    i = 2
+    sqi = 4                 # square of i
+    while sqi <= n do
+        while n.modulo(i) == 0 do
+            n /= i
+            factors[i] += 1
+            # puts "Found factor #{i}"
+        end
+        # we take advantage of the fact that (i +1)**2 = i**2 + 2*i +1
+        sqi += 2 * i + 1
+        i += 1
+    end
+    
+    if (n != 1) && (n != orig)
+        factors[n] += 1
+    end
+    factors
+end
+
+def printfactorhash(orig, factorcount)
+    print format("%-10d ", orig)
+    if factorcount.length == 0
+        print "PRIME"
+    else
+        # sorts after number, because the hash keys are numbers
+        factorcount.sort.each { |factor,exponent|
+            print factor
+            if exponent > 1
+                print "**", exponent
+            end
+            print " "
+        }
+    end
+    puts
+end
+
+for arg in ARGV
+    n = arg.to_i
+    mfactors = factorize(n)
+    printfactorhash(n, mfactors)
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.0
+puts Time.now
+
+print "Today is day ", Time.now.yday, " of the current year.\n"
+print "Today is day ", Time.now.day, " of the current month.\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.1
+day, month, year = Time.now.day, Time.now.month, Time.now.year
+# or
+day, month, year = Time.now.to_a[3..5]
+
+tl = Time.now.localtime
+printf("The current date is %04d %02d %02d\n", tl.year, tl.month, tl.day)
+
+Time.now.localtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.2
+Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, second).tv_sec
+Time.gm(year, month, day, hour, minute, second).tv_sec
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.3
+sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone = Time.at(epoch_secs).to_a
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.4
+when_ = now + difference         # now -> Time ; difference -> Numeric (delta in seconds)
+then_ = now - difference
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.5
+bree = 361535725
+nat  =  96201950
+
+difference = bree - nat
+puts "There were #{difference} seconds between Nat and Bree"
+
+seconds    =  difference % 60
+difference = (difference - seconds) / 60
+minutes    =  difference % 60
+difference = (difference - minutes) / 60
+hours      =  difference % 24
+difference = (difference - hours)   / 24
+days       =  difference % 7
+weeks      = (difference - days)    /  7
+
+puts "(#{weeks} weeks, #{days} days, #{hours}:#{minutes}:#{seconds})"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.6
+monthday, weekday, yearday = date.mday, date.wday, date.yday
+
+# AFAIK the week number is not just a division since week boundaries are on sundays
+weeknum = d.strftime("%U").to_i + 1
+
+year  = 1981
+month = "jun"                     # or `6' if you want to emulate a broken language
+day   = 16
+t = Time.mktime(year, month, day)
+print "#{month}/#{day}/#{year} was a ", t.strftime("%A"), "\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.7
+yyyy, mm, dd = $1, $2, $3 if "1998-06-25" =~ /(\d+)-(\d+)-(\d+)/
+
+epoch_seconds = Time.mktime(yyyy, mm, dd).tv_sec
+
+# dunno an equivalent to Date::Manip#ParseDate
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.8
+string = Time.at(epoch_secs)
+Time.at(1234567890).gmtime        # gives: Fri Feb 13 23:31:30 UTC 2009
+
+time = Time.mktime(1973, "jan", 18, 3, 45, 50)
+print "In localtime it gives: ", time.localtime, "\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.9
+# Ruby provides micro-seconds in Time object
+Time.now.usec
+
+# Ruby gives the seconds in floating format when substracting two Time objects
+before = Time.now
+line = gets
+elapsed = Time.now - before
+puts "You took #{elapsed} seconds."
+
+# On my Celeron-400 with Linux-2.2.19-14mdk, average for three execs are:
+#   This Ruby version:       average 0.00321 sec
+#   Cookbook's Perl version: average 0.00981 sec
+size = 500
+number_of_times = 100
+total_time = 0
+number_of_times.times {
+    # populate array
+    array = []
+    size.times { array << rand }
+    # sort it
+    begin_ = Time.now
+    array.sort!
+    time = Time.now - begin_
+    total_time += time
+}
+printf "On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds\n",
+    size, (total_time/Float(number_of_times))
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.10
+sleep(0.005)                      # Ruby is definitely not as broken as Perl :)
+# (may be interrupted by sending the process a SIGALRM)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_3.11
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# hopdelta - feed mail header, produce lines
+#            showing delay at each hop.
+require 'time'
+class MailHopDelta
+
+    def initialize(mail)
+        @head = mail.gsub(/\n\s+/,' ')
+        @topline = %w-Sender Recipient Time Delta-
+        @start_from = mail.match(/^From.*\@([^\s>]*)/)[1]
+        @date = Time.parse(mail.match(/^Date:\s+(.*)/)[1])
+    end
+
+    def out(line)
+         "%-20.20s %-20.20s %-20.20s  %s" % line
+    end
+
+    def hop_date(day)
+        day.strftime("%I:%M:%S %Y/%m/%d")
+    end
+
+    def puts_hops
+        puts out(@topline) 
+        puts out(['Start', @start_from, hop_date(@date),''])
+        @head.split(/\n/).reverse.grep(/^Received:/).each do |hop|
+            hop.gsub!(/\bon (.*?) (id.*)/,'; \1')
+            whence = hop.match(/;\s+(.*)$/)[1]
+            unless whence
+                warn "Bad received line: #{hop}"
+                next
+            end
+            from = $+ if hop =~ /from\s+(\S+)|\((.*?)\)/
+            by   = $1 if hop =~ /by\s+(\S+\.\S+)/
+            next unless now = Time.parse(whence).localtime
+            delta = now - @date
+            puts out([from, by, hop_date(now), hop_time(delta)])
+            @date = now
+        end
+    end
+
+    def hop_time(secs)
+        sign = secs < 0 ? -1 : 1
+        days, secs = secs.abs.divmod(60 * 60 * 24)
+        hours,secs = secs.abs.divmod(60 * 60)
+        mins, secs = secs.abs.divmod(60)
+        rtn =  "%3ds" % [secs  * sign]
+        rtn << "%3dm" % [mins  * sign] if mins  != 0
+        rtn << "%3dh" % [hours * sign] if hours != 0
+        rtn << "%3dd" % [days  * sign] if days  != 0 
+        rtn
+    end
+end
+
+$/ = ""
+mail = MailHopDelta.new(ARGF.gets).puts_hops
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.0
+single_level = [ "this", "that", "the", "other" ]
+
+# Ruby directly supports nested arrays
+double_level = [ "this", "that", [ "the", "other" ] ]
+still_single_level = [ "this", "that", [ "the", "other" ] ].flatten
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.1
+a = [ "quick", "brown", "fox" ]
+a = %w(Why are you teasing me?)
+
+lines = <<"END_OF_HERE_DOC".gsub(/^\s*(.+)/, '\1')
+    The boy stood on the burning deck,
+    It was as hot as glass.
+END_OF_HERE_DOC
+
+bigarray = IO.readlines("mydatafile").collect { |l| l.chomp }
+
+name = "Gandalf"
+banner = %Q(Speak, #{name}, and welcome!)
+
+host_info  = `host #{his_host}`
+
+%x(ps #{$$})
+
+banner = 'Costs only $4.95'.split(' ')
+
+rax = %w! ( ) < > { } [ ] !
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.2
+def commify_series(arr)
+    return '' if not arr
+    case arr.size
+        when 0 then ''
+        when 1 then arr[0]
+        when 2 then arr.join(' and ')
+        else arr[0..-2].join(', ') + ', and ' + arr[-1]
+    end
+end
+
+array = [ "red", "yellow", "green" ]
+
+print "I have ", array, " marbles\n"
+# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles
+
+# But unlike Perl:
+print "I have #{array} marbles\n"
+# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles
+# So, needs:
+print "I have #{array.join(' ')} marbles\n"
+# -> I have red yellow green marbles
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# communify_series - show proper comma insertion in list output
+
+def commify_series(arr)
+    return '' if not arr
+    sepchar = arr.find { |p| p =~ /,/ } ? '; ' : ', '
+    case arr.size
+        when 0 then ''
+        when 1 then arr[0]
+        when 2 then arr.join(' and ')
+        else arr[0..-2].join(sepchar) + sepchar + 'and ' + arr[-1]
+    end
+end
+
+lists = [
+    [ 'just one thing' ],
+    %w(Mutt Jeff),
+    %w(Peter Paul Mary),
+    [ 'To our parents', 'Mother Theresa', 'God' ],
+    [ 'pastrami', 'ham and cheese', 'peanut butter and jelly', 'tuna' ],
+    [ 'recycle tired, old phrases', 'ponder big, happy thoughts' ],
+    [ 'recycle tired, old phrases',
+      'ponder big, happy thoughts',
+      'sleep and dream peacefully' ],
+]
+
+for list in lists do
+    puts "The list is: #{commify_series(list)}."
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.3
+#   (note: AFAIK Ruby doesn't allow gory change of Array length)
+# grow the array by assigning nil to past the end of array
+ary[new_size-1] = nil
+# shrink the array by slicing it down
+ary.slice!(new_size..-1)
+# init the array with given size
+Array.new(number_of_elems)
+# assign to an element past the original end enlarges the array
+ary[index_new_last_elem] = value
+
+def what_about_that_array(a)
+    print "The array now has ", a.size, " elements.\n"
+    # Index of last element is not really interesting in Ruby
+    print "Element #3 is `#{a[3]}'.\n"
+end
+people = %w(Crosby Stills Nash Young)
+what_about_that_array(people)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.4
+# OO style
+bad_users.each { |user|
+    complain(user)
+}
+# or, functional style
+for user in bad_users
+    complain(user)
+end
+
+for var in ENV.keys.sort
+    puts "#{var}=#{ENV[var]}"
+end
+
+for user in all_users
+    disk_space = get_usage(user)
+    if (disk_space > MAX_QUOTA)
+        complain(user)
+    end
+end
+
+for l in IO.popen("who").readlines
+    print l if l =~ /^gc/ 
+end
+
+# we can mimic the obfuscated Perl way
+while fh.gets               # $_ is set to the line just read
+    chomp                   # $_ has a trailing \n removed, if it had one
+    split.each { |w|        # $_ is split on whitespace
+                            # but $_ is not set to each chunk as in Perl
+        print w.reverse
+    }
+end
+# ...or use a cleaner way
+for l in fh.readlines
+    l.chomp.split.each { |w| print w.reverse }
+end
+
+# same drawback as in problem 1.4, we can't mutate a Numeric...
+array.collect! { |v| v - 1 }
+
+a = [ .5, 3 ]; b = [ 0, 1 ]
+for ary in [ a, b ]
+    ary.collect! { |v| v * 7 }
+end
+puts "#{a.join(' ')} #{b.join(' ')}"
+
+# we can mutate Strings, cool; we need a trick for the scalar
+for ary in [ [ scalar ], array, hash.values ]
+    ary.each { |v| v.strip! }     # String#strip rules :)
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.5
+# not relevant in Ruby since we have always references
+for item in array
+    # do somethingh with item
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.6
+unique = list.uniq
+
+# generate a list of users logged in, removing duplicates
+users = `who`.collect { |l| l =~ /(\w+)/; $1 }.sort.uniq
+puts("users logged in: #{commify_series(users)}")  # see 4.2 for commify_series
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.7
+a - b
+# [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  ->  [3, 5]
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.8
+union = a | b
+intersection = a & b
+difference = a - b
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.9
+array1.concat(array2)
+# if you will assign to another object, better use:
+new_ary = array1 + array2
+
+members = [ "Time", "Flies" ]
+initiates =  [ "An", "Arrow" ]
+members += initiates
+
+members = [ "Time", "Flies" ]
+initiates = [ "An", "Arrow" ]
+members[2,0] = [ "Like", initiates ].flatten
+
+members[0] = "Fruit"
+members[3,2] = "A", "Banana"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.10
+reversed = ary.reverse
+
+ary.reverse_each { |e|
+    # do something with e
+}
+
+descending = ary.sort.reverse
+descending = ary.sort { |a,b| b <=> a }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.11
+# remove n elements from front of ary (shift n)
+front = ary.slice!(0, n)
+
+# remove n elements from the end of ary (pop n)
+end_ = ary.slice!(-n .. -1)
+
+# let's extend the Array class, to make that useful
+class Array
+    def shift2()
+        slice!(0 .. 1)     # more symetric with pop2...
+    end
+    def pop2()
+        slice!(-2 .. -1)
+    end
+end
+
+friends = %w(Peter Paul Mary Jim Tim)
+this, that = friends.shift2
+
+beverages = %w(Dew Jolt Cola Sprite Fresca)
+pair = beverages.pop2
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.12
+# use Enumerable#detect (or the synonym Enumerable#find)
+highest_eng = employees.detect { |emp| emp.category == 'engineer' }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.13
+# use Enumerable#select (or the synonym Enumerable#find_all)
+bigs = nums.select { |i| i > 1_000_000 }
+pigs = users.keys.select { |k| users[k] > 1e7 }
+
+matching = `who`.select { |u| u =~ /^gnat / }
+
+engineers = employees.select { |e| e.position == 'Engineer' }
+
+secondary_assistance = applicants.select { |a|
+    a.income >= 26_000 && a.income < 30_000
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.14
+# normally you would have an array of Numeric (Float or
+# Fixnum or Bignum), so you would use:
+sorted = unsorted.sort
+# if you have strings representing Integers or Floats
+# you may specify another sort method:
+sorted = unsorted.sort { |a,b| a.to_f <=> b.to_f }
+
+# let's use the list of my own PID's
+`ps ux`.split("\n")[1..-1].
+    select { |i| i =~ /^#{ENV['USER']}/ }.
+    collect { |i| i.split[1] }.
+    sort { |a,b| a.to_i <=> b.to_i }.each { |i| puts i }
+puts "Select a process ID to kill:"
+pid = gets.chomp
+raise "Exiting ... \n" unless pid && pid =~ /^\d+$/
+Process.kill('TERM', pid.to_i)
+sleep 2
+Process.kill('KILL', pid.to_i)
+
+descending = unsorted.sort { |a,b| b.to_f <=> a.to_f }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.15
+ordered = unordered.sort { |a,b| compare(a,b) }
+
+precomputed = unordered.collect { |e| [compute, e] }
+ordered_precomputed = precomputed.sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }
+ordered = ordered_precomputed.collect { |e| e[1] }
+
+ordered = unordered.collect { |e| [compute, e] }.
+    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.
+    collect { |e| e[1] }
+
+for employee in employees.sort { |a,b| a.name <=> b.name }
+    print employee.name, " earns \$ ", employee.salary, "\n"
+end
+
+# Beware! `0' is true in Ruby.
+# For chaining comparisons, you may use Numeric#nonzero?, which
+# returns num if num is not zero, nil otherwise
+sorted = employees.sort { |a,b| (a.name <=> b.name).nonzero? || b.age <=> a.age }
+
+users = []
+# getpwent is not wrapped in Ruby... let's fallback
+IO.readlines('/etc/passwd').each { |u| users << u.split(':') }
+users.sort! { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }
+for user in users
+    puts user[0]
+end
+
+sorted = names.sort { |a,b| a[1, 1] <=> b[1, 1] }
+sorted = strings.sort { |a,b| a.length <=> b.length }
+
+# let's show only the compact version
+ordered = strings.collect { |e| [e.length, e] }.
+    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.
+    collect { |e| e[1] }
+
+ordered = strings.collect { |e| [/\d+/.match(e)[0].to_i, e] }.
+    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.
+    collect { |e| e[1] }
+
+print `cat /etc/passwd`.collect { |e| [e, e.split(':').indexes(3,2,0)].flatten }.
+    sort { |a,b| (a[1] <=> b[1]).nonzero? || (a[2] <=> b[2]).nonzero? || a[3] <=> b[3] }.
+    collect { |e| e[0] }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.16
+circular.unshift(circular.pop)        # the last shall be first
+circular.push(circular.shift)         # and vice versa
+
+def grab_and_rotate(l)
+    l.push(ret = l.shift)
+    ret
+end
+
+processes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+while (1)
+    process = grab_and_rotate(processes)
+    puts "Handling process #{process}"
+    sleep 1
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.17
+def fisher_yates_shuffle(a)
+    (a.size-1).downto(1) { |i|
+        j = rand(i+1)
+        a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] if i != j
+    }
+end
+
+def naive_shuffle(a)
+    for i in 0...a.size
+        j = rand(a.size)
+        a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.18
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# example 4-2 words
+# words - gather lines, present in colums
+
+# class to encapsulate the word formatting from the input
+class WordFormatter
+    def initialize(cols)
+        @cols = cols
+    end
+
+    # helper to return the length of the longest word in the wordlist
+    def maxlen(wordlist)
+        max = 1
+        for word in wordlist
+            if word.length > max
+                max = word.length
+            end
+        end
+        max
+    end
+
+    # process the wordlist and print it formmated into columns
+    def output(wordlist)
+        collen = maxlen(wordlist) + 1
+        columns = @cols / collen
+        columns = 1 if columns == 0
+        rows = (wordlist.length + columns - 1) / columns
+        # now process each item, picking out proper piece for this position
+        0.upto(rows * columns - 1) { |item|
+            target = (item % columns) * rows + (item / columns)
+            eol = ((item+1) % columns == 0)
+            piece = wordlist[target] || ""
+            piece = piece.ljust(collen) unless eol
+            print piece
+            puts if eol
+        }
+        # no need to finish it up, because eol is always true for the last element
+    end
+end
+
+# get nr of chars that fit in window or console, see PLEAC 15.4
+# not portable -- linux only (?)
+def getWinCharWidth()
+    buf = "\0" * 8
+    $stdout.ioctl(0x5413, buf)
+    ws_row, ws_col, ws_xpixel, ws_ypixel = buf.unpack("$4")
+    ws_col || 80
+rescue
+    80
+end
+
+# main program
+cols = getWinCharWidth()
+formatter = WordFormatter.new(cols)
+words = readlines()
+words.collect! { |line|
+    line.chomp
+}
+formatter.output(words)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_4.19
+# In ruby, Fixnum's are automatically converted to Bignum's when
+# needed, so there is no need for an extra module
+def factorial(n)
+    s = 1
+    while n > 0
+        s *= n
+        n -= 1
+    end
+    s
+end
+
+puts factorial(500)
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------
+# Example 4-3. tsc-permute
+# tsc_permute: permute each word of input
+def permute(items, perms)
+    unless items.length > 0
+        puts perms.join(" ")
+    else
+        for i in items
+            newitems = items.dup
+            newperms = perms.dup
+            newperms.unshift(newitems.delete(i))
+            permute(newitems, newperms)
+        end
+    end
+end
+# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions it is using
+permute(ARGV, [])
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------
+# mjd_permute: permute each word of input
+
+def factorial(n)
+    s = 1
+    while n > 0
+        s *= n
+        n -= 1
+    end
+    s
+end
+
+# we use a class with a class variable store the private cache
+# for the results of the factorial function.
+class Factorial
+    @@fact = [ 1 ]
+    def Factorial.compute(n)
+        if @@fact[n]
+            @@fact[n]
+        else
+            @@fact[n] = n * Factorial.compute(n - 1)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------
+# Example 4-4- mjd-permute
+# n2pat(n, len): produce the N-th pattern of length len
+
+# We must use a lower case letter as parameter N, otherwise it is
+# handled as constant Length is the length of the resulting
+# array, not the index of the last element (length -1) like in
+# the perl example.
+def n2pat(n, length)
+    pat = []
+    i = 1
+    while i <= length
+        pat.push(n % i)
+        n /= i
+        i += 1
+    end
+    pat
+end
+
+# pat2perm(pat): turn pattern returned by n2pat() into
+# permutation of integers.
+def pat2perm(pat)
+    source = (0 .. pat.length - 1).to_a
+    perm = []
+    perm.push(source.slice!(pat.pop)) while pat.length > 0
+    perm
+end
+
+def n2perm(n, len)
+    pat2perm(n2pat(n,len))
+end
+
+# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions
+while gets
+    data = split
+    # the perl solution has used $#data, which is length-1
+    num_permutations = Factorial.compute(data.length())
+    0.upto(num_permutations - 1) do |i|
+        # in ruby we can not use an array as selector for an array
+        # but by exchanging the two arrays, we can use the collect method
+        # which returns an array with the result of all block invocations
+        permutation = n2perm(i, data.length).collect {
+            |j| data[j]
+        }
+        puts permutation.join(" ")
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.0
+age = { "Nat",   24,
+        "Jules", 25,
+        "Josh",  17  }
+
+age["Nat"]   = 24
+age["Jules"] = 25
+age["Josh"]  = 17
+
+food_color = {
+    "Apple"  => "red",
+    "Banana" => "yellow",
+    "Lemon"  => "yellow",
+    "Carrot" => "orange"
+             }
+
+# In Ruby, you cannot avoid the double or simple quoting
+# while manipulatin hashes
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.1
+hash[key] = value
+
+food_color["Raspberry"] = "pink"
+puts "Known foods:", food_color.keys
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.2
+# does hash have a value for key ?
+if (hash.has_key?(key))
+    # it exists
+else
+    # it doesn't
+end
+
+[ "Banana", "Martini" ].each { |name|
+    print name, " is a ", food_color.has_key?(name) ? "food" : "drink", "\n"
+}
+
+age = {}
+age['Toddler'] = 3
+age['Unborn'] = 0
+age['Phantasm'] = nil
+
+for thing in ['Toddler', 'Unborn', 'Phantasm', 'Relic']
+    print "#{thing}: "
+    print "Has-key " if age.has_key?(thing)
+    print "True " if age[thing]
+    print "Nonzero " if age[thing] && age[thing].nonzero?
+    print "\n"
+end
+
+#=>
+# Toddler: Has-key True Nonzero 
+# Unborn: Has-key True 
+# Phantasm: Has-key 
+# Relic: 
+
+# You use Hash#has_key? when you use Perl's exists -> it checks
+# for existence of a key in a hash.
+# All Numeric are "True" in ruby, so the test doesn't have the
+# same semantics as in Perl; you would use Numeric#nonzero? to
+# achieve the same semantics (false if 0, true otherwise).
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.3
+food_color.delete("Banana")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.4
+hash.each { |key, value|
+    # do something with key and value
+}
+
+hash.each_key { |key|
+    # do something with key
+}
+
+food_color.each { |food, color|
+    puts "#{food} is #{color}"
+}
+
+food_color.each_key { |food|
+    puts "#{food} is #{food_color[food]}"
+}
+
+# IMO this demonstrates that OO style is by far more readable
+food_color.keys.sort.each { |food|
+    puts "#{food} is #{food_color[food]}."
+}
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# countfrom - count number of messages from each sender
+
+# Default value is 0
+from = Hash.new(0)
+while gets
+    /^From: (.*)/ and from[$1] += 1
+end
+
+# More useful to sort by number of received mail by person
+from.sort {|a,b| b[1]<=>a[1]}.each { |v|
+    puts "#{v[1]}: #{v[0]}"
+}
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.5
+# You may use the built-in 'inspect' method this way:
+p hash
+
+# Or do it the Cookbook way:
+hash.each { |k,v| puts "#{k} => #{v}" }
+
+# Sorted by keys
+hash.sort.each { |e| puts "#{e[0]} => #{e[1]}" }
+# Sorted by values
+hash.sort{|a,b| a[1]<=>b[1]}.each { |e| puts "#{e[0]} => #{e[1]}" }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.7
+ttys = Hash.new
+for i in `who`
+    user, tty = i.split
+    (ttys[user] ||= []) << tty               # see problems_ruby for more infos
+end
+ttys.keys.sort.each { |k|
+    puts "#{k}: #{commify_series(ttys[k])}"  # from 4.2
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.8
+surname = { "Mickey" => "Mantle", "Babe" => "Ruth" }
+puts surname.index("Mantle")
+
+# If you really needed to 'invert' the whole hash, use Hash#invert
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# foodfind - find match for food or color
+
+given = ARGV.shift or raise "usage: foodfind food_or_color"
+
+color = {
+    "Apple"  => "red",
+    "Banana" => "yellow",
+    "Lemon"  => "yellow",
+    "Carrot" => "orange",
+}
+
+if (color.has_key?(given))
+    puts "#{given} is a food with color #{color[given]}."
+end
+if (color.has_value?(given))
+    puts "#{color.index(given)} is a food with color #{given}."
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.9
+# Sorted by keys (Hash#sort gives an Array of pairs made of each key,value)
+food_color.sort.each { |f|
+    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."
+}
+
+# Sorted by values
+food_color.sort { |a,b| a[1] <=> b[1] }.each { |f|
+    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."
+}
+
+# Sorted by length of values
+food_color.sort { |a,b| a[1].length <=> b[1].length }.each { |f|
+    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.10
+merged = a.clone.update(b)        # because Hash#update changes object in place
+
+drink_color = { "Galliano"  => "yellow", "Mai Tai" => "blue" }
+ingested_color = drink_color.clone.update(food_color)
+
+substance_color = {}
+for i in [ food_color, drink_color ]
+    i.each_key { |k|
+        if substance_color.has_key?(k)
+            puts "Warning: #{k} seen twice.  Using the first definition."
+            next
+        end
+        substance_color[k] = 1
+    }
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.11
+common = hash1.keys & hash2.keys
+
+this_not_that = hash1.keys - hash2.keys
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.12
+# no problem here, Ruby handles any kind of object for key-ing
+# (it takes Object#hash, which defaults to Object#id)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.13
+# AFAIK, not possible in Ruby
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.14
+# Be careful, the following is possible only because Fixnum objects are
+# special (documentation says: there is effectively only one Fixnum object
+# instance for any given integer value).
+count = Hash.new(0)
+array.each { |e|
+    count[e] += 1
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.15
+father = {
+    "Cain"      , "Adam",
+    "Abel"      , "Adam",
+    "Seth"      , "Adam",
+    "Enoch"     , "Cain",
+    "Irad"      , "Enoch",
+    "Mehujael"  , "Irad",
+    "Methusael" , "Mehujael",
+    "Lamech"    , "Methusael",
+    "Jabal"     , "Lamech",
+    "Jubal"     , "Lamech",
+    "Tubalcain" , "Lamech",
+    "Enos"      , "Seth",
+}
+
+while gets
+    chomp
+    begin
+        print $_, " "
+    end while $_ = father[$_]
+    puts
+end
+
+children = {}
+father.each { |k,v|
+    (children[v] ||= []) << k
+}
+while gets
+    chomp
+    puts "#{$_} begat #{(children[$_] || ['Nobody']).join(', ')}.\n"
+end
+
+includes = {}
+files.each { |f|
+    begin
+        for l in IO.readlines(f)
+            next unless l =~ /^\s*#\s*include\s*<([^>]+)>/
+            (includes[$1] ||= []) << f
+        end
+    rescue SystemCallError
+        $stderr.puts "#$! (skipping)"
+    end
+}
+
+include_free = includes.values.flatten.uniq - includes.keys
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_5.16
+# dutree - print sorted intented rendition of du output
+#% dutree
+#% dutree /usr
+#% dutree -a
+#% dutree -a /bin
+
+# The DuNode class collects all information about a directory,
+# and provides some convenience methods
+class DuNode
+
+    attr_reader :name
+    attr_accessor :size
+    attr_accessor :kids
+
+    def initialize(name)
+        @name = name
+        @kids = []
+        @size = 0
+    end
+
+    # support for sorting nodes with side
+    def size_compare(node2)
+        @size <=> node2.size
+    end
+
+    def basename
+        @name.sub(/.*\//, "")
+    end
+
+    #returns substring before last "/", nil if not there
+    def parent
+        p = @name.sub(/\/[^\/]+$/,"")
+        if p == @name
+            nil
+        else
+            p
+        end
+    end
+
+end
+
+# The DuTree does the acdtual work of
+# getting the input, parsing it, builging up a tree
+# and format it for output
+class Dutree
+
+    attr_reader :topdir
+
+    def initialize
+        @nodes = Hash.new
+        @dirsizes = Hash.new(0)
+        @kids = Hash.new([])
+    end
+
+    # get a node by name, create it if it does not exist yet
+    def get_create_node(name)
+        if @nodes.has_key?(name)
+            @nodes[name]
+        else
+            node = DuNode.new(name)
+            @nodes[name] = node
+            node
+        end
+    end
+
+    # run du, read in input, save sizes and kids
+    # stores last directory read in instance variable topdir
+    def input(arguments)
+        name = ""
+        cmd = "du " + arguments.join(" ")
+        IO.popen(cmd) { |pipe|
+            pipe.each { |line|
+                size, name = line.chomp.split(/\s+/, 2)
+                node = get_create_node(name)
+                node.size = size.to_i
+                @nodes[name] = node
+                parent = node.parent
+                if parent
+                    get_create_node(parent).kids.push(node)
+                end
+            }
+        }
+        @topdir = @nodes[name]
+    end
+
+    # figure out how much is taken in each directory
+    # that isn't stored in the subdirectories. Add a new
+    # fake kid called "." containing that much.
+    def get_dots(node)
+        cursize = node.size
+        for kid in node.kids
+            cursize -=  kid.size
+            get_dots(kid)
+        end
+        if node.size != cursize
+            newnode = get_create_node(node.name + "/.")
+            newnode.size = cursize
+            node.kids.push(newnode)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # recursively output everything
+    # passing padding and number width as well
+    # on recursive calls
+    def output(node, prefix="", width=0)
+        line = sprintf("%#{width}d %s", node.size, node.basename)
+        puts(prefix + line)
+        prefix += line.sub(/\d /, "| ")
+        prefix.gsub!(/[^|]/, " ")
+        if node.kids.length > 0     # not a bachelor node
+            kids = node.kids
+            kids.sort! { |a,b|
+                b.size_compare(a)
+            }
+            width = kids[0].size.to_s.length
+            for kid in kids
+                output(kid, prefix, width)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+end
+
+tree = Dutree.new
+tree.input(ARGV)
+tree.get_dots(tree.topdir)
+tree.output(tree.topdir)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.0
+# The verbose version are match, sub, gsub, sub! and gsub!;
+# pattern needs to be a Regexp object; it yields a MatchData
+# object.
+pattern.match(string)
+string.sub(pattern, replacement)
+string.gsub(pattern, replacement)
+# As usual in Ruby, sub! does the same as sub but also modifies
+# the object, the same for gsub!/gsub.
+
+# Sugared syntax yields the position of the match (or nil if no
+# match). Note that the object at the right of the operator needs
+# not to be a Regexp object (it can be a String). The "dont
+# match" operator yields true or false.
+meadow =~ /sheep/   # position of the match, nil if no match
+meadow !~ /sheep/   # true if doesn't match, false if it does
+# There is no sugared version for the substitution
+
+meadow =~ /\bovines?\b/i and print "Here be sheep!"
+
+string = "good food"
+string.sub!(/o*/, 'e')
+
+# % echo ababacaca | ruby -ne 'puts $& if /(a|ba|b)+(a|ac)+/'
+# ababa
+
+# The "global" (or "multiple") match is handled by String#scan
+scan (/(\d+)/) {
+    puts "Found number #{$1}"
+}
+
+# String#scan yields an Array if not used with a block
+numbers = scan(/\d+/)
+
+digits = "123456789"
+nonlap = digits.scan(/(\d\d\d)/)
+yeslap = digits.scan(/(?=(\d\d\d))/)
+puts "Non-overlapping:  #{nonlap.join(' ')}"
+puts "Overlapping:      #{yeslap.join(' ')}";
+# Non-overlapping:  123 456 789
+# Overlapping:      123 234 345 456 567 678 789
+
+string = "And little lambs eat ivy"
+string =~ /l[^s]*s/
+puts "(#$`) (#$&) (#$')"
+# (And ) (little lambs) ( eat ivy)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.1
+# Ruby doesn't have the same problem:
+dst = src.sub('this', 'that')
+
+progname = $0.sub('^.*/', '')
+
+bindirs = %w(/usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin)
+libdirs = bindirs.map { |l| l.sub('bin', 'lib') }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.3
+/\S+/               # as many non-whitespace bytes as possible
+/[A-Za-z'-]+/       # as many letters, apostrophes, and hyphens
+
+/\b([A-Za-z]+)\b/   # usually best
+/\s([A-Za-z]+)\s/   # fails at ends or w/ punctuation
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.4
+require 'socket'
+str = 'www.ruby-lang.org and www.rubygarden.org'
+re = /
+      (               # capture the hostname in $1
+        (?:           # these parens for grouping only
+          (?! [-_] )  # lookahead for neither underscore nor dash
+          [\w-] +     # hostname component
+          \.          # and the domain dot
+        ) +           # now repeat that whole thing a bunch of times
+        [A-Za-z]      # next must be a letter
+        [\w-] +       # now trailing domain part
+      )               # end of $1 capture
+     /x               # /x for nice formatting
+
+str.gsub! re do       # pass a block to execute replacement
+    host = TCPsocket.gethostbyname($1)
+    "#{$1} [#{host[3]}]"
+end
+
+puts str
+#-----------------------------
+# to match whitespace or #-characters in an extended re you need to escape
+# them.
+
+foo = 42
+str = 'blah #foo# blah'
+str.gsub! %r/       # replace
+              \#    #   a pound sign
+              (\w+) #   the variable name
+              \#    #   another pound sign
+          /x do
+              eval $1           # with the value of a local variable
+          end
+puts str  # => blah 42 blah
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.5
+# The 'g' modifier doesn't exist in Ruby, a regexp can't be used
+# directly in a while loop; instead, use String#scan { |match| .. } 
+fish = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'
+WANT = 3
+count = 0
+fish.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i) {
+    if (count += 1) == WANT
+        puts "The third fish is a #{$1} one."
+    end
+}
+
+if fish =~ /(?:\w+\s+fish\s+){2}(\w+)\s+fish/i
+    puts "The third fish is a #{$1} one."
+end
+
+pond = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'
+# String#scan without a block gives an array of matches, each match
+# being an array of all the specified groups
+colors = pond.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten  # get all matches
+color  = colors[2]                          # then the one we want
+# or without a temporary array
+color = pond.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten[2]  # just grab element 3
+puts "The third fish in the pond is #{color}."
+
+count = 0
+fishes = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'
+evens = fishes.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).select { (count+=1) % 2 == 0 }
+print "Even numbered fish are #{evens.join(' ')}."
+
+count = 0
+fishes.gsub(/
+   \b               # makes next \w more efficient
+   ( \w+ )          # this is what we\'ll be changing
+   (
+     \s+ fish \b
+   )
+            /x) {
+    if (count += 1) == 4
+        'sushi' + $2
+    else
+        $1 + $2
+    end
+}
+
+pond = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.'
+puts "Last fish is #{pond.scan(/\b(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten[-1]}"
+
+/
+    A               # find some pattern A
+    (?!             # mustn\'t be able to find
+        .*          # something
+        A           # and A
+    )
+    $               # through the end of the string
+/x
+
+# The "s" perl modifier is "m" in Ruby (not very nice since there is
+# also an "m" in perl..)
+pond = "One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here."
+if (pond =~ /
+                    \b  (  \w+) \s+ fish \b
+                (?! .* \b fish \b )
+            /mix)
+    puts "Last fish is #{$1}."
+else
+    puts "Failed!"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.6
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# killtags - very bad html killer
+$/ = nil;                              # each read is whole file
+while file = gets() do
+    file.gsub!(/<.*?>/m,'');           # strip tags (terribly)
+    puts file                          # print file to STDOUT
+end
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+#headerfy - change certain chapter headers to html
+$/ = ''
+while file = gets() do
+    pattern = /
+                  \A                   # start of record
+                  (                    # capture in $1
+                      Chapter          # text string
+                      \s+              # mandatory whitespace
+                      \d+              # decimal number
+                      \s*              # optional whitespace
+                      :                # a real colon
+                      . *              # anything not a newline till end of line
+                  )
+               /x
+    puts file.gsub(pattern,'<H1>\1</H1>')
+end
+#-----------------------------
+#% ruby -00pe "gsub!(/\A(Chapter\s+\d+\s*:.*)/,'<H1>\1</H1>')" datafile
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+#-----------------------------
+for file in ARGV
+    file = File.open(ARGV.shift)
+    while file.gets('') do             # each read is a paragraph
+        print "chunk #{$.} in $ARGV has <<#{$1}>>\n" while /^START(.*?)^END/m
+    end                                # /m activates the multiline mode
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.7
+#-----------------------------
+$/ = nil;
+file = File.open("datafile")
+chunks = file.gets.split(/pattern/)
+#-----------------------------
+# .Ch, .Se and .Ss divide chunks of STDIN
+chunks = gets(nil).split(/^\.(Ch|Se|Ss)$/)
+print "I read #{chunks.size} chunks.\n"
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.8
+while gets
+    if ~/BEGIN/ .. ~/END/
+        # line falls between BEGIN and END inclusive
+    end
+end
+
+while gets
+    if ($. == firstnum) .. ($. == lastnum)
+        # operate between firstnum and lastnum line number
+    end
+end
+
+# in ruby versions prior to 1.8, the above two conditional
+# expressions could be shortened to:
+#     if /BEGIN/ .. /END/
+# and
+#     if firstnum .. lastnum
+# but these now only work this way from the command line  
+
+#-----------------------------
+
+while gets
+    if ~/BEGIN/ ... ~/END/
+        # line falls between BEGIN and END on different lines
+    end
+end
+
+while gets
+    if ($. == first) ... ($. == last)
+        # operate between first and last line number on different lines
+    end
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+# command-line to print lines 15 through 17 inclusive (see below)
+ruby -ne 'print if 15 .. 17' datafile
+
+# print out all <XMP> .. </XMP> displays from HTML doc
+while gets
+    print if ~%r#<XMP>#i .. ~%r#</XMP>#i;
+end
+    
+# same, but as shell command
+# ruby -ne 'print if %r#<XMP>#i .. %r#</XMP>#i' document.html
+#-----------------------------
+# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \
+#     print if $top .. $bottom' /etc/passwd                 #  FAILS
+# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \
+#     print if $. == $top .. $. ==  $bottom' /etc/passwd    # works
+# ruby -ne 'print if 3 .. 5' /etc/passwd                    # also works
+#-----------------------------
+print if ~/begin/ .. ~/end/;
+print if ~/begin/ ... ~/end/;
+#-----------------------------
+while gets
+    $in_header = $. == 1  .. ~/^$/ ? true : false
+    $in_body   = ~/^$/ .. ARGF.eof ? true : false
+end
+#-----------------------------
+seen = {}
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    next unless line =~ /^From:?\s/i .. line =~ /^$/;
+    line.scan(%r/([^<>(),;\s]+\@[^<>(),;\s]+)/).each do |addr|
+        puts addr unless seen[addr]
+        seen[addr] ||= 1 
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.9
+def glob2pat(globstr)
+    patmap = {
+        '*' => '.*',
+        '?' => '.',
+        '[' => '[',
+        ']' => ']',
+    }
+    globstr.gsub!(/(.)/) { |c| patmap[c] || Regexp::escape(c) }
+    '^' + globstr + '$'
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.10
+# avoid interpolating patterns like this if the pattern
+# isn't going to change:
+pattern = ARGV.shift
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    print line if line =~ /#{pattern}/
+end
+
+# the above creates a new regex each iteration. Instead,
+# use the /o modifier so the regex is compiled only once
+
+pattern = ARGV.shift
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    print line if line =~ /#{pattern}/o
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# popgrep1 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"
+# version 1: slow but obvious way
+popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    popstates.each do |state|
+        if line =~ /\b#{state}\b/
+            print line
+            last
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# popgrep2 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"
+# version 2: eval strings; fast but hard to quote
+popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)
+code = "ARGF.each do |line|\n"
+popstates.each do |state|
+    code += "\tif line =~ /\\b#{state}\\b/; print(line); next; end\n"
+end
+code += "end\n"
+print "CODE IS\n---\n#{code}\n---\n" if false # turn on for debugging
+eval code
+
+# CODE IS
+# ---
+# ARGF.each do |line|
+#         if line =~ /\bCO\b/; print(line); next; end
+#         if line =~ /\bON\b/; print(line); next; end
+#         if line =~ /\bMI\b/; print(line); next; end
+#         if line =~ /\bWI\b/; print(line); next; end
+#         if line =~ /\bMN\b/; print(line); next; end
+# end
+# 
+# ---
+
+## alternatively, the same idea as above but compiling 
+## to a case statement: (not in perlcookbook)
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# popgrep2.5 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"
+# version 2.5: eval strings; fast but hard to quote
+popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)
+code = "ARGF.each do |line|\n    case line\n"
+popstates.each do |state|
+    code += "        when /\\b#{state}\\b/ : print line\n"
+end
+code += "    end\nend\n"
+print "CODE IS\n---\n#{code}\n---\n" if false # turn on for debugging
+eval code
+
+# CODE IS
+# ---
+# ARGF.each do |line|
+#     case line
+#         when /\bCO\b/ : print line
+#         when /\bON\b/ : print line
+#         when /\bMI\b/ : print line
+#         when /\bWI\b/ : print line
+#         when /\bMN\b/ : print line
+#     end
+# end
+# 
+# ---
+
+# Note: (above) Ruby 1.8+ allows the 'when EXP : EXPR' on one line
+# with the colon separator.
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# popgrep3 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"
+# version3: build a match_any function
+popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)
+expr = popstates.map{|e|"line =~ /\\b#{e}\\b/"}.join('||')
+eval "def match_any(line); #{expr};end"
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    print line if match_any(line)
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+##  building a match_all function is a trivial
+##  substitution of && for ||
+##  here is a generalized example:
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+## grepauth - print lines that mention both foo and bar
+class MultiMatch 
+    def initialize(*patterns)
+        _any = build_match('||',patterns)
+        _all = build_match('&&',patterns)
+        eval "def match_any(line);#{_any};end\n"
+        eval "def match_all(line);#{_all};end\n"
+      end
+    def build_match(sym,args)
+        args.map{|e|"line =~ /#{e}/"}.join(sym)
+    end
+end
+
+mm = MultiMatch.new('foo','bar')
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    print line if mm.match_all(line)
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# popgrep4 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"
+# version4: pretty fast, but simple: compile all re's first:
+popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)
+popstates = popstates.map{|re| %r/\b#{re}\b/}
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    popstates.each do |state_re|
+        if line =~ state_re
+            print line
+            break
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+## speeds trials on the jargon file(412): 26006 lines, 1.3MB
+## popgrep1   => 7.040s
+## popgrep2   => 0.656s
+## popgrep2.5 => 0.633s
+## popgrep3   => 0.675s
+## popgrep4   => 1.027s
+
+# unless speed is criticial, the technique in popgrep4 is a
+# reasonable balance between speed and logical simplicity.
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.11
+begin
+    print "Pattern? "
+    pat = $stdin.gets.chomp
+    Regexp.new(pat)
+rescue 
+    warn "Invalid Pattern"
+    retry
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.13
+# uses the 'amatch' extension found on:
+# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/amatch/
+require 'amatch'
+matcher = Amatch.new('balast')
+#$relative, $distance = 0, 1
+File.open('/usr/share/dict/words').each_line do |line|
+    print line if matcher.search(line) <= 1
+end
+__END__
+#CODE
+ballast
+ballasts
+balustrade
+balustrades
+blast
+blasted
+blaster
+blasters
+blasting
+blasts
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.14
+str.scan(/\G(\d)/).each do |token|
+    puts "found #{token}"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+n = "   49 here"
+n.gsub!(/\G /,'0')
+puts n
+#-----------------------------
+str = "3,4,5,9,120"
+str.scan(/\G,?(\d+)/).each do |num|
+    puts "Found number: #{num}"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+# Ruby doesn't have the String.pos or a /c re modifier like Perl 
+# But it does have StringScanner in the standard library (strscn)
+# which allows similar functionality:
+
+require 'strscan'
+text = 'the year 1752 lost 10 days on the 3rd of September'
+sc = StringScanner.new(text)
+while sc.scan(/.*?(\d+)/)
+    print "found: #{sc[1]}\n"   
+end
+if sc.scan(/\S+/)
+    puts "Found #{sc[0]} after last number"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+# assuming continuing from above:
+puts "The position in 'text' is: #{sc.pos}"
+sc.pos = 30
+puts "The position in 'text' is: #{sc.pos}"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.15
+#-----------------------------
+# greedy pattern
+str.gsub!(/<.*>/m,'')   # not good
+
+# non-greedy (minimal) pattern
+str.gsub!(/<.*?>/m,'')   # not great
+
+
+#-----------------------------
+#<b><i>this</i> and <i>that</i> are important</b> Oh, <b><i>me too!</i></b>
+#-----------------------------
+%r{ <b><i>(.*?)</i></b> }mx
+#-----------------------------
+%r/BEGIN((?:(?!BEGIN).)*)END/
+#-----------------------------
+%r{ <b><i>(  (?: (?!</b>|</i>). )*  ) </i></b> }mx
+#-----------------------------
+%r{ <b><i>(  (?: (?!</[ib]>). )*  ) </i></b> }mx
+#-----------------------------
+%r{
+    <b><i> 
+    [^<]*  # stuff not possibly bad, and not possibly the end.
+    (?:
+ # at this point, we can have '<' if not part of something bad
+     (?!  </?[ib]>  )   # what we can't have
+     <                  # okay, so match the '<'
+     [^<]*              # and continue with more safe stuff
+    ) *
+    </i></b>
+ }mx
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.16
+#-----------------------------
+$/ = ""
+ARGF.each do |para|
+    para.scan %r/
+                  \b     # start at word boundary
+                  (\S+)  # find chunk of non-whitespace
+                  \b     # until a word boundary
+                  (      
+                    \s+  # followed by whitespace
+                    \1   # and that same chunk again
+                    \b   # and a word boundary
+                  ) +    # one or more times
+                /xi do
+        puts "dup word '#{$1}' at paragraph #{$.}" 
+    end
+end
+#-----------------------------
+astr = 'nobody'
+bstr = 'bodysnatcher'
+if "#{astr} #{bstr}" =~ /^(\w+)(\w+) \2(\w+)$/
+    print "#{$2} overlaps in #{$1}-#{$2}-#{$3}"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# prime_pattern -- find prime factors of argument using patterns
+ARGV << 180
+cap = 'o' * ARGV.shift
+while cap =~ /^(oo+?)\1+$/
+    print $1.size, " "
+    cap.gsub!(/#{$1}/,'o')
+end
+puts cap.size
+#-----------------------------
+#diophantine
+# solve for 12x + 15y + 16z = 281, maximizing x
+if ('o' * 281).match(/^(o*)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)
+    x, y, z = $1.size, $2.size, $3.size
+    puts "One solution is: x=#{x}; y=#{y}; z=#{z}"
+else 
+    puts "No solution."
+end
+#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2
+
+#-----------------------------
+# using different quantifiers:
+('o' * 281).match(/^(o+)\1{11}(o+)\2{14}(o+)\3{15}$/)
+#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2
+
+('o' * 281).match(/^(o*?)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)
+#    => One solution is: x=0; y=7; z=11
+
+('o' * 281).match(/^(o+?)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)
+#    => One solution is: x=1; y=3; z=14
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.17
+# alpha OR beta
+%r/alpha|beta/
+
+# alpha AND beta
+%r/(?=.*alpha)(?=.*beta)/m
+
+# alpha AND beta,  no overlap
+%r/alpha.*beta|beta.*alpha/m
+
+# NOT beta
+%r/^(?:(?!beta).)*$/m
+
+# NOT bad BUT good
+%r/(?=(?:(?!BAD).)*$)GOOD/m
+#-----------------------------
+
+if !(string =~ /pattern/)   # ugly
+    something()
+end
+
+if string !~ /pattern/   # preferred
+    something()
+end
+
+
+#-----------------------------
+if string =~ /pat1/  && string =~ /pat2/
+    something()
+end
+#-----------------------------
+if string =~ /pat1/ || string =~ /pat2/
+    something()
+end
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# minigrep - trivial grep
+pat = ARGV.shift
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    print line if line =~ /#{pat}/o
+end
+#-----------------------------
+ "labelled" =~ /^(?=.*bell)(?=.*lab)/m
+#-----------------------------
+$string =~ /bell/ && $string =~ /lab/
+#-----------------------------
+$murray_hill = "blah bell blah "
+if $murray_hill =~ %r{
+                         ^              # start of string
+                        (?=             # zero-width lookahead
+                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff
+                            bell        # the desired bell string
+                        )               # rewind, since we were only looking
+                        (?=             # and do the same thing
+                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff
+                            lab         # and the lab part
+                        )
+                     }mx                # /m means . can match newline
+
+    print "Looks like Bell Labs might be in Murray Hill!\n";
+end
+#-----------------------------
+"labelled" =~ /(?:^.*bell.*lab)|(?:^.*lab.*bell)/
+#-----------------------------
+$brand = "labelled";
+if $brand =~ %r{
+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper
+                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front
+                      bell          # look for a bell
+                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything
+                      lab           # look for a lab
+                  )                 # end grouper
+            |                       # otherwise, try the other direction
+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper
+                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front
+                      lab           # look for a lab
+                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything
+                      bell          # followed by a bell
+                  )                 # end grouper
+            }mx                     # /m means . can match newline
+    print "Our brand has bell and lab separate.\n";
+end
+#-----------------------------
+$map =~ /^(?:(?!waldo).)*$/s
+#-----------------------------
+$map = "the great baldo"
+if $map =~ %r{
+                ^                   # start of string
+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper
+                    (?!             # look ahead negation
+                        waldo       # is he ahead of us now?
+                    )               # is so, the negation failed
+                    .               # any character (cuzza /s)
+                ) *                 # repeat that grouping 0 or more
+                $                   # through the end of the string
+             }mx                    # /m means . can match newline
+    print "There's no waldo here!\n";
+end
+=begin
+ 7:15am  up 206 days, 13:30,  4 users,  load average: 1.04, 1.07, 1.04
+
+USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE   JCPU   PCPU  WHAT
+
+tchrist  tty1                       5:16pm 36days 24:43   0.03s  xinit
+
+tchrist  tty2                       5:19pm  6days  0.43s  0.43s  -tcsh
+
+tchrist  ttyp0    chthon            7:58am  3days 23.44s  0.44s  -tcsh
+
+gnat     ttyS4    coprolith         2:01pm 13:36m  0.30s  0.30s  -tcsh
+=end
+#% w | minigrep '^(?!.*ttyp).*tchrist'
+#-----------------------------
+%r{
+    ^                       # anchored to the start
+    (?!                     # zero-width look-ahead assertion
+        .*                  # any amount of anything (faster than .*?)
+        ttyp                # the string you don't want to find
+    )                       # end look-ahead negation; rewind to start
+    .*                      # any amount of anything (faster than .*?)
+    tchrist                 # now try to find Tom
+}x
+#-----------------------------
+#% w | grep tchrist | grep -v ttyp
+#-----------------------------
+#% grep -i 'pattern' files
+#% minigrep '(?i)pattern' files
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.20
+ans = $stdin.gets.chomp
+re = %r/^#{Regexp.quote(ans)}/
+case 
+    when "SEND"  =~ re : puts "Action is send"
+    when "STOP"  =~ re : puts "Action is stop"
+    when "ABORT" =~ re : puts "Action is abort"
+    when "EDIT"  =~ re : puts "Action is edit"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+require 'abbrev'
+table = Abbrev.abbrev %w-send stop abort edit-
+loop do
+    print "Action: "
+    ans = $stdin.gets.chomp
+    puts "Action for #{ans} is #{table[ans.downcase]}"
+end
+
+
+#-----------------------------
+# dummy values are defined for 'file', 'PAGER', and
+# the 'invoke_editor' and 'deliver_message' methods
+# do not do anything interesting in this example.
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+require 'abbrev'
+
+file = 'pleac_ruby.data'
+PAGER = 'less'
+
+def invoke_editor
+    puts "invoking editor"
+end
+
+def deliver_message
+    puts "delivering message"
+end
+
+actions = {
+    'edit'  => self.method(:invoke_editor),
+    'send'  => self.method(:deliver_message),
+    'list'  => proc {system(PAGER, file)},
+    'abort' => proc {puts "See ya!"; exit},
+    ""      => proc {puts "Unknown Command"}
+}
+
+dtable = Abbrev.abbrev(actions.keys)
+loop do
+    print "Action: "
+    ans = $stdin.gets.chomp.delete(" \t")
+    actions[ dtable[ans.downcase] || "" ].call
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.19
+#-----------------------------
+# basically, the Perl Cookbook categorizes this as an
+# unsolvable problem ...
+#-----------------------------
+1 while addr.gsub!(/\([^()]*\)/,'')
+#-----------------------------
+Dear someuser@host.com,
+
+Please confirm the mail address you gave us Wed May  6 09:38:41
+MDT 1998 by replying to this message.  Include the string
+"Rumpelstiltskin" in that reply, but spelled in reverse; that is,
+start with "Nik...".  Once this is done, your confirmed address will
+be entered into our records.
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.21
+#-----------------------------
+#% gunzip -c ~/mail/archive.gz | urlify > archive.urlified
+#-----------------------------
+#% urlify ~/mail/*.inbox > ~/allmail.urlified
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# urlify - wrap HTML links around URL-like constructs
+
+urls = '(https?|telnet|gopher|file|wais|ftp)';
+ltrs = '\w';
+gunk = '/#~:.?+=&%@!\-';
+punc = '.:?\-';
+any  = "#{ltrs}#{gunk}#{punc}";
+
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    line.gsub! %r/
+        \b                    # start at word boundary
+        (                     # begin $1  {
+         #{urls}     :        # need resource and a colon
+         [#{any}] +?          # followed by on or more
+                              #  of any valid character, but
+                              #  be conservative and take only
+                              #  what you need to....
+        )                     # end   $1  }
+        (?=                   # look-ahead non-consumptive assertion
+         [#{punc}]*           # either 0 or more punctuation
+         [^#{any}]            #   followed by a non-url char
+         |                    # or else
+         $                    #   then end of the string
+        )
+    /iox do 
+        %Q|<A HREF="#{$1}">#{$1}</A>|
+    end
+    print line
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_6.23
+%r/^m*(d?c{0,3}|c[dm])(l?x{0,3}|x[lc])(v?i{0,3}|i[vx])$/i
+#-----------------------------
+str.sub!(/(\S+)(\s+)(\S+)/, '\3\2\1')
+#-----------------------------
+%r/(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)\s*$/             # keyword is $1, value is $2
+#-----------------------------
+%r/.{80,}/
+#-----------------------------
+%r|(\d+)/(\d+)/(\d+) (\d+):(\d+):(\d+)|
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(%r|/usr/bin|,'/usr/local/bin')
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/){ $1.hex.chr }
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(%r{
+    /\*                    # Match the opening delimiter
+    .*?                    # Match a minimal number of characters
+    \*/                    # Match the closing delimiter
+}xm,'')
+#-----------------------------
+str.sub!(/^\s+/, '')
+str.sub!(/\s+$/, '')
+
+# but really, in Ruby we'd just do:
+str.strip!
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(/\\n/,"\n")
+#-----------------------------
+str.sub!(/^.*::/, '')
+#-----------------------------
+%r/^([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.
+    ([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$/x
+#-----------------------------
+str.sub!(%r|^.*/|, '')
+#-----------------------------
+cols = ( (ENV['TERMCAP'] || " ") =~ /:co#(\d+):/ ) ? $1 : 80;
+#-----------------------------
+name = " #{$0} #{ARGV}".gsub(%r| /\S+/|, ' ')
+#-----------------------------
+require 'rbconfig'
+include Config
+raise "This isn't Linux" unless CONFIG['target_os'] =~ /linux/i;
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(%r/\n\s+/, ' ')
+#-----------------------------
+nums = str.scan(/(\d+\.?\d*|\.\d+)/)
+#-----------------------------
+capwords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\Wa-z0-9_]+\b)/)
+#-----------------------------
+lowords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\WA-Z0-9_]+\b)/)
+#-----------------------------
+icwords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\Wa-z0-9_][^\WA-Z0-9_]*\b)/)
+#-----------------------------
+links = str.scan(%r/<A[^>]+?HREF\s*=\s*["']?([^'" >]+?)[ '"]?>/mi)
+#-----------------------------
+initial = str =~ /^\S+\s+(\S)\S*\s+\S/ ? $1 : ""
+#-----------------------------
+str.gsub!(%r/"([^"]*)"/, %q-``\1''-)
+#-----------------------------
+
+$/ = ""
+sentences = []
+ARGF.each do |para|
+    para.gsub!(/\n/, ' ')
+    para.gsub!(/ {3,}/,'  ')
+    sentences << para.scan(/(\S.*?[!?.])(?=  |\Z)/)
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+%r/(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)/            # YYYY in $1, MM in $2, DD in $3
+#-----------------------------
+%r/ ^
+      (?:
+       1 \s (?: \d\d\d \s)?            # 1, or 1 and area code
+       |                               # ... or ...
+       \(\d\d\d\) \s                   # area code with parens
+       |                               # ... or ...
+       (?: \+\d\d?\d? \s)?             # optional +country code
+       \d\d\d ([\s\-])                 # and area code
+      )
+      \d\d\d (\s|\1)                   # prefix (and area code separator)
+      \d\d\d\d                         # exchange
+        $
+ /x
+#-----------------------------
+%r/\boh\s+my\s+gh?o(d(dess(es)?|s?)|odness|sh)\b/i
+#-----------------------------
+lines = []
+lines << $1 while input.sub!(/^([^\012\015]*)(\012\015?|\015\012?)/,'')
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.0
+# An IO object being Enumerable, we can use 'each' directly on it
+File.open("/usr/local/widgets/data").each { |line|
+    puts line if line =~ /blue/
+}
+
+logfile = File.new("/var/log/rubylog.txt", "w")
+mysub($stdin, logfile)
+
+# The method IO#readline is similar  to IO#gets
+# but throws an exception when it reaches EOF
+f = File.new("bla.txt")
+begin
+    while (line = f.readline)
+        line.chomp
+        $stdout.print line if line =~ /blue/
+    end
+rescue EOFError
+    f.close
+end
+
+while $stdin.gets                        # reads from STDIN
+    unless (/\d/) 
+        $stderr.puts "No digit found."   # writes to STDERR
+    end
+    puts "Read: #{$_}"                   # writes to STDOUT
+end
+
+logfile = File.new("/tmp/log", "w")
+
+logfile.close
+
+# $defout (or its synonym '$>') is the destination of output
+# for Kernel#print, Kernel#puts, and family functions
+logfile = File.new("log.txt", "w")
+old = $defout
+$defout = logfile                 # switch to logfile for output
+puts "Countdown initiated ..."
+$defout = old                     # return to original output
+puts "You have 30 seconds to reach minimum safety distance."
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.1
+source = File.new(path, "r")  # open file "path" for reading only
+sink   = File.new(path, "w")  # open file "path" for writing only
+
+source = File.open(path, File::RDONLY)  # open file "path" for reading only
+sink   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY)  # open file "path" for writing only
+
+file   = File.open(path, "r+")  # open "path" for reading and writing
+file   = File.open(path, flags) # open "path" with the flags "flags" (see examples below for flags)
+
+# open file "path" read only
+file   = File.open(path, "r")
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDONLY)
+
+# open file "path" write only, create it if it does not exist
+# truncate it to zero length if it exists
+file   = File.open(path, "w")
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::TRUNC|File::CREAT) 
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::TRUNC|File::CREAT, 0666)  # with permission 0666
+
+# open file "path" write only, fails if file exists
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT) 
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0666) 
+
+# open file "path" for appending
+file   = File.open(path, "a")
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND|File::CREAT) 
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND|File::CREAT, 0666) 
+
+# open file "path" for appending only when file exists
+file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND) 
+
+# open file "path" for reading and writing
+file   = File.open(path, "r+")
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR)
+
+# open file for reading and writing, create a new file if it does not exist
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::CREAT)
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::CREAT, 0600)
+
+# open file "path" reading and writing, fails if file exists
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::EXCL|File::CREAT)
+file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0600)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.2
+# No problem with Ruby since the filename doesn't contain characters with
+# special meaning; like Perl's sysopen
+File.open(filename, 'r')
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.3
+File.expand_path('~root/tmp')
+#=> "/root/tmp"
+File.expand_path('~rpcuser')
+#=> "/var/lib/nfs"
+
+# To expand ~/.. it explicitely needs the environment variable HOME
+File.expand_path('~/tmp')
+#=> "/home/gc/tmp"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.4
+# The exception raised in Ruby reports the filename
+File.open('afile')
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.5
+# Standard Ruby distribution provides the following useful extension
+require 'tempfile'
+# With the Tempfile class, the file is automatically deleted on garbage
+# collection, so you won't need to remove it, later on.
+tf = Tempfile.new('tmp')   # a name is required to create the filename
+
+# If you need to pass the filename to an external program you can use
+# File#path, but don't forget to File#flush in order to flush anything
+# living in some buffer somewhere.
+tf.flush
+system("/usr/bin/dowhatever #{tf.path}")
+
+fh = Tempfile.new('tmp')
+fh.sync = true                # autoflushes
+10.times { |i| fh.puts i }
+fh.rewind
+puts 'Tmp file has: ', fh.readlines
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.6
+while (DATA.gets) do
+    # process the line  
+end
+__END__
+# your data goes here
+# __DATA__ doesn't exist in Ruby
+
+#CODE
+# get info about the script (size, date of last modification)
+kilosize = DATA.stat.size / 1024
+last_modif = DATA.stat.mtime
+puts "<P>Script size is #{kilosize}"
+puts "<P>Last script update: #{last_modif}"
+__END__
+# DO NOT REMOVE THE PRECEEDING LINE.
+# Everything else in this file will be ignored.
+#CODE
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.7
+while line = gets do
+    # do something with line.
+end
+
+#  or 
+while gets do
+    # do something with $_
+end
+
+# or more rubyish
+$stdin.each do |line|
+    # do stuff with line
+end
+
+
+# ARGF may makes this more easy
+# this is skipped if ARGV.size==0
+ARGV.each do |filename| 
+    # closing and exception handling are done by the block
+    open(filename) do |fd| 
+        fd.each do |line|
+            # do stuff with line
+        end   
+    end rescue abort("can't open %s" % filename)
+end
+
+# globbing is done in the Dir module
+ARGV = Dir["*.[Cch]"] if ARGV.empty?
+
+# note: optparse is the preferred way to handle this
+if (ARGV[0] == '-c')  
+    chop_first += 1
+    ARGV.shift
+end
+
+
+# processing numerical options
+if ARGV[0] =~ /^-(\d+)$/
+    columns = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+end
+
+# again, better to use optparse:
+require 'optparse'
+nostdout = 0
+append = 0
+unbuffer = 0
+ignore_ints = 0
+ARGV.options do |opt|
+    opt.on('-n') { nostdout +=1 }
+    opt.on('-a') { append   +=1 }
+    opt.on('-u') { unbuffer +=1 }
+    opt.on('-i') { ignore_ints +=1 }
+    opt.parse!
+end or abort("usage: " + __FILE__ + " [-ainu] [filenames]")
+
+# no need to do undef $/, we have File.read
+str = File.read(ARGV[0])
+
+# again we have File.read
+str = File.read(ARGV[0])
+
+# not sure what this should do:
+# I believe open the file, print filename, lineno and line:
+ARGF.each_with_index do |line, idx|
+    print ARGF.filename, ":", idx, ";", line
+end
+
+# print all the lines in every file passed via command line that contains login
+ARGF.each do |line|
+    puts line if line =~ /login/
+end
+#
+# even this would fit
+#%ruby -ne "print if /f/" 2.log
+#
+
+ARGF.each { |l| puts l.downcase! }
+
+#------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -p
+# just like perl's -p
+$_.downcase!
+#
+
+# I don't know who should I trust. 
+# perl's version splits on \w+ while python's on \w.
+
+chunks = 0
+
+File.read(ARGV[0]).split.each do |word|
+    next if word =~ /^#/
+    break if ["__DATA__", "__END__"].member? word
+    chunks += 1 
+end
+
+print "Found ", chunks, " chunks\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.8
+old = File.open(old_file)
+new = File.open(new_file, "w")
+while old.gets do
+    # change $_, then...
+    new.print $_
+end
+old.close
+new.close
+File.rename(old_file, "old.orig")
+File.rename(new_file, old_file)
+
+while old.gets do
+    if $. == 20 then # we are at the 20th line
+        new.puts "Extra line 1"
+        new.puts "Extra line 2"
+    end
+    new.print $_
+end
+
+while old.gets do
+    next if 20..30 # skip the 20th line to the 30th
+                   # Ruby (and Perl) permit to write if 20..30 
+                   # instead of if (20 <= $.) and ($. <= 30)
+    new.print $_
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.9
+#% ruby -i.orig -pe 'FILTER COMMAND' file1 file2 file3 ...
+#
+#-----------------------------
+##!/usr/bin/ruby -i.orig -p
+# filter commands go here
+#-----------------------------
+
+#% ruby -pi.orig -e 'gsub!(/DATE/){Time.now)'
+
+# effectively becomes:
+ARGV << 'I'
+oldfile = ""
+while gets
+    if ARGF.filename != oldfile
+        newfile = ARGF.filename
+        File.rename(newfile, newfile + ".orig")
+        $stdout = File.open(newfile,'w')
+        oldfile = newfile
+    end
+    gsub!(/DATE/){Time.now}
+    print 
+end
+$stdout = STDOUT
+#-----------------------------
+#% ruby -i.old -pe 'gsub!(%r{\bhisvar\b}, 'hervar')' *.[Cchy]
+
+#-----------------------------
+# set up to iterate over the *.c files in the current directory,
+# editing in place and saving the old file with a .orig extension
+$-i = '.orig'                       # set up -i mode
+ARGV.replace(Dir['*.[Cchy]'])
+while gets
+    if $. == 1
+        print "This line should appear at the top of each file\n"
+    end
+    gsub!(/\b(p)earl\b/i, '\1erl')    # Correct typos, preserving case
+    print
+    ARGF.close if ARGF.eof
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.10
+File.open('itest', 'r+') do |f|   # open file for update
+    lines = f.readlines           # read into array of lines
+    lines.each do |it|            # modify lines
+        it.gsub!(/foo/, 'QQQ')
+    end
+    f.pos = 0                     # back to start
+    f.print lines                 # write out modified lines
+    f.truncate(f.pos)             # truncate to new length
+end                               # file is automatically closed
+#-----------------------------
+File.open('itest', 'r+') do |f|   
+    out = ""
+    f.each do |line|
+        out << line.gsub(/DATE/) {Time.now}
+    end
+    f.pos = 0                     
+    f.print out
+    f.truncate(f.pos)             
+end
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.11
+File.open('infile', 'r+') do |f|
+    f.flock File::LOCK_EX
+    # update file
+end
+#-----------------------------
+File::LOCK_SH     # shared lock (for reading)
+File::LOCK_EX     # exclusive lock (for writing)
+File::LOCK_NB     # non-blocking request
+File::LOCK_UN     # free lock
+#-----------------------------
+unless f.flock File::LOCK_EX | File::LOCK_NB
+    warn "can't get immediate lock: blocking ..."
+    f.flock File::LOCK_EX 
+end
+#-----------------------------
+File.open('numfile', File::RDWR|File::CREAT) do |f|
+    f.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
+    num = f.gets.to_i || 0
+    f.pos = 0
+    f.truncate 0
+    f.puts num + 1q
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.12
+output_handle.sync = true
+# Please note that like in Perl, $stderr is already unbuffered
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# seeme - demo stdio output buffering
+$stdout.sync = ARGV.size > 0
+print "Now you don't see it..."
+sleep 2
+puts "now you do"
+#-----------------------------
+$stderr.sync = true
+afile.sync = false
+#-----------------------------
+# assume 'remote_con' is an interactive socket handle,
+# but 'disk_file' is a handle to a regular file.
+remote_con.sync = true       # unbuffer for clarity
+disk_file.sync = false       # buffered for speed
+#-----------------------------
+require 'socket'
+sock = TCPSocket.new('www.ruby-lang.org', 80)
+sock.sync = true
+sock.puts "GET /en/ HTTP/1.0 \n\n"
+resp = sock.read
+print "DOC IS: #{resp}\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_7.13
+#-----------------------------
+# assumes fh1, fh2, fh2 are oen IO objects
+nfound = select([$stdin, fh1, fh2, fh3], nil, nil, 0)
+nfound[0].each do |file|
+    case file
+        when fh1
+            # do something with fh1
+        when fh2
+            # do something with fh2
+        when fh3
+            # do something with fh3
+    end
+end
+#-----------------------------
+input_files = []
+# repeat next line for all in-files to poll
+input_files << fh1
+if nfound = select(input_files, nil, nil, 0)
+    # input ready on files in nfound[0]
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.0
+#-----------------------------
+# datafile is a file or IO object
+datafile.readlines.each { |line|
+    line.chomp!
+    size = line.length
+    puts size
+}
+#-----------------------------
+datafile.readlines.each { |line|
+    puts line.chomp!.length
+}
+#-----------------------------
+lines = datafile.readlines
+#-----------------------------
+whole_file = file.read
+#-----------------------------
+# ruby -040 -e 'word = gets; puts "First word is #{word}"'
+#-----------------------------
+# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $/="%%\n" }; $_.chomp; puts $_ if( $_=~/Unix/i)' fortune.dat
+#-----------------------------
+handle.print "one", "two", "three" # "onetwothree"
+puts "Baa baa black sheep."        # sent to $stdout
+#-----------------------------
+buffer = handle.read(4096)
+rv     = buffer.length
+#-----------------------------
+handle.truncate(length)
+open("/tmp#{$$}.pid", 'w') { |handle| handle.truncate(length) }
+#-----------------------------
+pos = datafile.pos  # tell is an alias of pos
+puts "I'm #{pos} bytes from the start of datafile"
+#-----------------------------
+logfile.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END)
+datafile.seek(pos)  #  IO::SEEK_SET is the default
+out.seek(-20, IO::SEEK_CUR)
+#-----------------------------
+written = datafile.syswrite(mystring)
+raise RunTimeError unless written == mystring.length
+block = infile.sysread(256)   # no equivalent to perl offset parameter in sysread
+puts "only read #{block.length} bytes" if 256 != block.length
+#-----------------------------
+pos = handle.sysseek(0, IO::SEEK_CUR)  # don't change position
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.1
+while (line = fh.gets)
+    line.chomp!
+    nextline = nil
+    line.gsub!(/\\$/) { |match| nextline = fh.gets; '' }
+    if (nextline != nil)
+        line += nextline 
+        redo
+    end
+    # process full record in line here
+end
+#-----------------------------
+# DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) \
+#         $(TEXINFOS) $(INFOS) $(MANS) $(DATA)
+# DEP_DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) \
+#         $(TEXINFOS) $(INFO_DEPS) $(MANS) $(DATA) \
+#         $(EXTRA_DIST)
+#-----------------------------
+line.gsub!(/\\\s*$/, '') {
+    # as before
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.2
+#-----------------------------
+count = `wc -l < #{filename}`
+fail "wc failed: #{$?}" if $? != 0
+count.chomp!
+#-----------------------------
+count = 0
+File.open(file, 'r') { |fh|
+    count += 1 while fh.gets
+}
+# count now holds the number of lines read
+#-----------------------------
+count = 0
+while (chunk = file.sysread(2**16)) 
+    count += chunk.count("\n")
+end rescue EOFError
+#-----------------------------
+File.open(filename,'r') { |fh|
+    count += 1 while fh.gets
+}
+# count now holds the number of lines read
+#-----------------------------
+# As ruby doesn't quite have an equivalent to using a for
+# statement as in perl, I threw this in
+count = File.readlines(filename).size
+#-----------------------------
+1 while file.gets
+count = $.
+#-----------------------------
+$/ = ''
+open(filename, 'r') { |fh|
+    1 while fh.gets
+    para_count = $.
+} rescue fail("can't open #{filename}: $!") 
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# ^^PLEAC^^_8.3
+#-----------------------------
+while (gets)
+    split.each { |chunk|
+        # do something with chunk
+    }
+end
+#-----------------------------
+while (gets)
+    gsub(/(\w[\w'-]*)/) { |word|
+        # do something with word
+    }
+end
+#-----------------------------
+# Make a word frequency count
+# normally hashes can be created using {} or just Hash.new
+# but we want the default value of an entry to be 0 instead 
+# of nil. (nil can't be incremented)
+seen = Hash.new(0)
+while (gets)
+    gsub(/(\w[\w'-]*)/) { |word|
+        seen[word.downcase] += 1
+    }
+end
+# output hash in a descending numeric sort of its values
+seen.sort { |a,b| b[1] <=> a[1] }.each do |k,v|
+    printf("%5d %s\n", v, k )
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+# Line frequency count
+seen = Hash.new(0)
+while (gets)
+    seen[$_.downcase] += 1
+end
+seen.sort { |a,b| b[1] <=> a[1] }.each do |k,v|
+    printf("%5d %s\n", v, k )
+end
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.4
+#-----------------------------
+# instead of file handle FILE, we can just
+# use a string containing the filename
+File.readlines(file).each { |line|
+    # do something with line
+}
+#-----------------------------
+File.readlines(file).reverse_each { |line|
+    # do something with line
+}
+#-----------------------------
+# the variable lines might have been created
+# this way
+# lines = File.readlines(file)
+#
+# normally one would use the reverse_each, but
+# if you insist on using a numerical index to
+# iterate over the lines array...
+(lines.size - 1).downto(0) { |i|
+    line = lines[i]
+}
+#-----------------------------
+# the second readlines argument is a the 
+# record separator $/, just like perl, a blank
+# separator splits the records into paragraphs
+File.readlines(file, '').each { |paragraph|
+    # do something with paragraph
+    puts "->Paragraph #{paragraph}"
+}
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.6
+
+$/ = "%\n";
+srand;
+
+File.open('/usr/share/fortune/humorists').each do |line|
+    adage = line if rand($.) < 1
+end
+
+puts adage;
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_8.10
+begin
+    fh = File.open(file, "r+")
+    addr = fh.tell unless fh.eof while fh.gets
+    fh.truncate(addr)
+rescue SystemCallError
+    $stderr.puts "#$!"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.0
+entry = File.stat("/usr/bin/vi")
+entry = File.stat("/usr/bin")
+entry = File.stat(INFILE)
+
+entry = File.stat("/usr/bin/vi")
+ctime = entry.ctime
+size  = entry.size
+
+f = File.open(filename, "r")
+
+## There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness
+if test(?s, filename)
+  puts "#{filename} doesn't have text in it."
+  exit
+end
+
+Dir.new("/usr/bin").each do |filename|
+  puts "Inside /usr/bin is something called #{filename}"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.1
+file = File.stat("filename")
+readtime, writetime = file.atime, file.mtime
+file.utime(readtime, writetime)  
+
+SECONDS_PER_DAY = 60 * 60 * 24
+file = File.stat("filename")
+atime, mtime = file.atime, file.mtime
+
+atime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY
+mtime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY
+
+File.utime(atime, mtime, file)
+mtime = File.stat(file).mtime
+File.utime(Time.new, mtime, file)
+File.utime(Time.new, File.stat("testfile").mtime, file)
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+## uvi - vi a file without changing it's access times
+
+if ARGV.length != 1
+  puts "usage: uvi filename"
+  exit
+end
+file = ARGV[0]
+atime, mtime = File.stat(file).atime, File.stat(file).mtime
+system(ENV["EDITOR"] || "vi", file)
+File.utime(atime, mtime, file)
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.2
+File.unlink(FILENAME)
+
+err_flg = false
+filenames.each do |file|
+  begin
+    File.unlink(file)
+  rescue
+    err_flg = $!
+  end
+end
+err_flg and raise "Couldn't unlink all of #{filenames.join(" ")}: #{err_flg}"
+
+File.unlink(file)
+
+count = filenames.length
+filenames.each do |file|
+  begin
+    File.unlink(file)
+  rescue
+    count -= 1
+  end
+end
+if count != filenames.length
+  STDERR.puts "could only delete #{count} of #{filenames.length} files"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.3
+require "ftools"
+File.copy(oldfile, newfile)
+
+infile  = File.open(oldfile, "r")
+outfile = File.open(newfile, "w")
+
+blksize = infile.stat.blksize
+# This doesn't handle partial writes or ^Z
+# like the Perl version does.
+while (line = infile.read(blksize))
+  outfile.write(line)
+end
+
+infile.close
+outfile.close
+
+system("cp #{oldfile} #{newfile}")    # unix
+system("copy #{oldfile} #{newfile}")  # dos, vms
+
+require "ftools"
+File.copy("datafile.dat", "datafile.bak")
+File.move("datafile.new", "datafile.dat")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.4
+$seen = {} # must use global var to be seen inside of method below
+
+def do_my_thing(filename)
+    dev, ino = File.stat(filename).dev, File.stat(filename).ino
+    unless $seen[[dev, ino]]
+        # do something with $filename because we haven't
+        # seen it before
+    end
+    $seen[[dev, ino]] = $seen[[dev, ino]].to_i + 1
+end
+
+files.each do |filename|
+    dev, ino = File.stat(filename).dev, File.stat(filename).ino
+    if !$seen.has_key?([dev, ino])
+        $seen[[dev, ino]] = []
+    end
+    $seen[[dev, ino]].push(filename)
+end
+
+$seen.keys.sort.each do |devino|
+    ino, dev = devino
+    if $seen[devino].length > 1
+        # $seen[devino] is a list of filenames for the same file
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.5
+Dir.open(dirname) do |dir|
+    dir.each do |file|
+        # do something with dirname/file
+        puts file
+    end
+end
+# Dir.close is automatic
+
+# No -T equivalent in Ruby
+
+dir.each do |file|
+    next if file =~ /^\.\.?$/
+    # ...
+end
+
+def plainfiles(dir)
+    dh = Dir.open(dir)
+    dh.entries.grep(/^[^.]/).
+        map      {|file| "#{dir}/#{file}"}.
+        find_all {|file| test(?f, file)}.
+        sort
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.6
+list = Dir.glob("*.c")
+
+dir = Dir.open(path)
+files = dir.entries.grep(/\.c$/)
+dir.close
+
+files = Dir.glob("*.c")
+files = Dir.open(path).entries.grep(/\.[ch]$/i)
+
+dir = Dir.new(path)
+files = dir.entries.grep(/\.[ch]$/i)
+
+begin
+  d = Dir.open(dir)
+rescue Errno::ENOENT
+  raise "Couldn't open #{dir} for reading: #{$!}"
+end
+
+files = []
+d.each do |file|
+  puts file
+  next unless file =~ /\.[ch]$/i
+
+  filename = "#{dir}/#{file}"
+  # There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness
+  files.push(filename) if test(?s, filename)
+end
+
+dirs.entries.grep(/^\d+$/).
+             map    { |file| [file, "#{path}/#{file}"]} .
+             select { |file| test(?d, file[1]) }.
+             sort   { |a,b|  a[0] <=> b[0] }.
+             map    { |file| file[1] }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.7
+require 'find'
+Find.find(dirlist) do |file|
+  # do whatever
+end
+
+require 'find'
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV
+Find.find(*argv) do |file|
+  print file, (test(?d, file) ? "/\n" : "\n")
+end
+
+require 'find'
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV
+sum = 0
+Find.find(*argv) do |file|
+  size = test(?s, file) || 0
+  sum += size
+end
+puts "#{argv.join(' ')} contains #{sum} bytes"
+
+require 'find'
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV
+saved_size, saved_name = -1, ""
+Find.find(*argv) do |file|
+  size = test(?s, file) || 0
+  next unless test(?f, file) && size > saved_size
+  saved_size = size
+  saved_name = file
+end
+puts "Biggest file #{saved_name} in #{argv.join(' ')} is #{saved_size}"
+
+require 'find'
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV
+age, name = nil
+Find.find(*argv) do |file|
+  mtime = File.stat(file).mtime
+  next if age && age > mtime
+  age = mtime
+  name = file
+end
+puts "#{name} #{age}"
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# fdirs - find all directories
+require 'find'
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV
+File.find(*argv) { |file| puts file if test(?d, file) }
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.8
+require 'fileutils'
+
+puts "Usage #{$0} dir ..." if ARGV.empty?
+ARGV.each do |dir|
+  FileUtils.rmtree(dir)
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.9
+require 'ftools'
+names.each do |file|
+  newname = file
+  begin
+    File.move(file, newname)
+  rescue Errno::EPERM
+    $stderr.puts "Couldn't rename #{file} to #{newname}: #{$!}"
+  end
+end
+
+require 'ftools'
+op = ARGV.empty? ? (raise "Usage: rename expr [files]\n") : ARGV.shift
+argv = ARGV.empty? ? $stdin.readlines.map { |f| f.chomp } : ARGV
+argv.each do |file|
+  was = file
+  file = eval("file.#{op}")
+  File.move(was, file) unless was == file
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.10
+base = File.basename(path)
+dir  = File.dirname(path)
+# ruby has no fileparse equivalent
+dir, base = File.split(path)
+ext = base.scan(/\..*$/).to_s
+
+path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'
+file = File.basename(path)
+dir  = File.dirname(path)
+
+puts "dir is #{dir}, file is #{file}"
+# dir is /usr/lib, file is libc.a
+
+path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'
+dir, filename = File.split(path)
+name, ext = filename.split(/(?=\.)/)
+puts "dir is #{dir}, name is #{name}, ext is #{ext}"
+#   NOTE: The Ruby code prints
+#   dir is /usr/lib, name is libc, extension is .a
+#     while the Perl code prints a '/' after the directory name
+#   dir is /usr/lib/, name is libc, extension is .a
+
+# No fileparse_set_fstype() equivalent in ruby
+
+def extension(path)
+    ext = path.scan(/\..*$/).to_s
+    ext.sub(/^\./, "")
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.11
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# symirror - build spectral forest of symlinks
+
+require 'find'
+require 'fileutils'
+
+raise "usage: #{$0} realdir mirrordir" unless ARGV.size == 2
+
+srcdir,dstdir = ARGV
+srcmode = File::stat(srcdir).mode
+Dir.mkdir(dstdir, srcmode & 07777) unless test(?d, dstdir)
+
+# fix relative paths
+Dir.chdir(srcdir) {srcdir = Dir.pwd}
+Dir.chdir(dstdir) {dstdir = Dir.pwd}
+
+Find.find(srcdir) do |srcfile| 
+    if test(?d, srcfile)
+        dest = srcfile.sub(/^#{srcdir}/, dstdir)
+        dmode = File::stat(srcfile).mode & 07777
+        Dir.mkdir(dest, dmode) unless test(?d, dest)
+        a = Dir["#{srcfile}/*"].reject{|f| test(?d, f)}
+        FileUtils.ln_s(a, dest)
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_9.12
+# we use the Getopt/Declare library here for convenience:
+#   http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/getoptdeclare/
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# lst - list sorted directory contents (depth first)
+
+require 'find'
+require 'etc'
+require "Getopt/Declare"
+
+# Note: in the option-spec below there must by at least one hard
+# tab in between each -option and its description. For example
+#    -i <tab> read from stdin
+
+opts = Getopt::Declare.new(<<'EOPARAM')
+    ============
+    Input Format:
+        -i	read from stdin
+    ============
+    Output Format:
+        -l	long listing
+        -r	reverse listing
+    ============
+    Sort on: (one of)
+        -m	mtime (modify time - default)
+                {$sort_criteria = :mtime}
+        -u	atime (access time)
+                {$sort_criteria = :atime}
+        -c	ctime (inode change time)
+                {$sort_criteria = :ctime}
+        -s	size
+                {$sort_criteria = :size}
+        [mutex: -m -u -c -s]
+
+EOPARAM
+
+$sort_criteria ||= :mtime
+files = {}
+DIRS = opts['-i'] ? $stdin.readlines.map{|f|f.chomp!} : ARGV
+DIRS.each do |dir|
+    Find.find(dir) do |ent|
+        files[ent] = File::stat(ent)
+    end
+end
+entries = files.keys.sort_by{|f| files[f].send($sort_criteria)}
+entries = entries.reverse unless opts['-r']
+
+entries.each do |ent|
+    unless opts['-l']
+        puts ent
+        next
+    end
+    stats = files[ent]
+    ftime = stats.send($sort_criteria == :size ? :mtime : $sort_criteria)
+    printf "%6d %04o %6d %8s %8s %8d %s %s\n",
+        stats.ino,
+        stats.mode & 07777,
+        stats.nlink,
+        ETC::PASSWD[stats.uid].name,
+        ETC::GROUP[stats.gid].name,
+        stats.size,
+        ftime.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"),
+        ent
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.0
+def hello
+    $greeted += 1      # in Ruby, a variable beginning with $ is global (can be any type of course)
+    puts "hi there!"
+end
+
+# We need to initialize $greeted before it can be used, because "+=" is waiting a Numeric object
+$greeted = 0
+hello                  # note that appending () is optional to function calls with no parameters
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.1
+# In Ruby, parameters are named anyway
+def hypotenuse(side1, side2)
+    Math.sqrt(side1**2 + side2**2)    # the sqrt function comes from the Math module
+end
+diag = hypotenuse(3, 4)
+
+puts hypotenuse(3, 4)
+
+a = [3, 4]
+print hypotenuse(*a)                  # the star operator will magically convert an Array into a "tuple"
+
+both = men + women
+
+# In Ruby, all objects are references, so the same problem arises; we then return a new object
+nums = [1.4, 3.5, 6.7]
+def int_all(n)
+    n.collect { |v| v.to_i }
+end
+ints = int_all(nums)
+
+nums = [1.4, 3.5, 6.7]
+def trunc_em(n)
+    n.collect! { |v| v.to_i }         # the bang-version of collect modifies the object
+end
+trunc_em(nums)
+
+# Ruby has two chomp version:
+# ``chomp'' chomps the record separator and returns what's expected
+# ``chomp!'' does the same but also modifies the parameter object
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.2
+def somefunc
+    variable = something  # variable is local by default
+end
+
+name, age = ARGV
+start     = fetch_time
+
+a, b = pair               # will succeed if pair is an Array object (like ARGV is)
+c = fetch_time
+
+# In ruby, run_check can't access a, b, or c until they are
+# explicitely defined global (using leading $), even if they are
+# both defined in the same scope
+
+def check_x(x)
+    y = "whatever"
+    run_check
+    if $condition
+        puts "got $x"
+    end
+end
+
+# The following will keep a reference to the array, though the
+# results will be slightly different from perl: the last element
+# of $global_array will be itself an array
+def save_array(ary)
+    $global_array << ary
+end
+
+# The following gives the same results as in Perl for $global_array,
+# though it doesn't illustrate anymore the way to keep a reference
+# to an object: $global_array is extended with the elements of ary
+def save_array(ary)
+    $global_array += ary
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.3
+# In Ruby, AFAIK a method cannot access "local variables" defined
+# upper scope; mostly because everything is an object, so you'll
+# do the same by defining an attribute or a static attribute
+
+# In Ruby the BEGIN also exists:
+BEGIN { puts "hello from BEGIN" }
+puts "hello from main"
+BEGIN { puts "hello from 2nd BEGIN" }
+# gives:
+#   hello from BEGIN
+#   hello from 2nd BEGIN
+#   hello from main
+
+# In Ruby, it can be written as a static method and a static
+# variable
+class Counter
+    @@counter = 0
+    def Counter.next_counter; @@counter += 1; end
+end
+
+# There is no need of BEGIN since the variable will get
+# initialized when parsing
+class Counter
+    @@counter = 42
+    def Counter.next_counter; @@counter += 1; end
+    def Counter.prev_counter; @@counter -= 1; end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.4
+# You can either get the whole trace as an array of strings, each
+# string telling which file, line and method is calling:
+caller
+
+# ...or only the last caller
+caller[0]
+
+# We need to extract just the method name of the backtrace:
+def whoami;  caller()[0] =~ /in `([^']+)'/ ? $1 : '(anonymous)'; end
+def whowasi; caller()[1] =~ /in `([^']+)'/ ? $1 : '(anonymous)'; end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.5
+# In Ruby, every value is a reference on an object, thus there is
+# no such problem
+array_diff(array1, array2)
+
+def add_vecpair(a1, a2)
+    results = []
+    a1.each_index { |i| results << (a1[i] + a2[i]) }
+    results
+end
+a = [1, 2]
+b = [5, 8]
+c = add_vecpair(a, b)
+p c
+
+# Add this to the beginning of the function to check if we were
+# given two arrays
+a1.type == Array && a2.type == Array or
+    raise "usage: add_vecpair array1 array2 (was used with: #{a1.type} #{a2.type})"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.6
+# There is no return context in Ruby
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.7
+# Like in Perl, we need to fake with a hash, but it's dirty :-(
+def thefunc(param_args)
+    args = { 'INCREMENT' => '10s', 'FINISH' => '0', 'START' => 0 }
+    args.update(param_args)
+    if (args['INCREMENT']  =~ /m$/ )
+        # .....
+    end
+end
+
+thefunc({ 'INCREMENT' => '20s', 'START' => '+5m', 'FINISH' => '+30m' })
+thefunc({})
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.8
+# there is no "undef" direct equivalent but there is the slice equiv:
+a, c = func.indexes(0, 2)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.9
+# Ruby has no such limitation:
+def somefunc
+    ary = []
+    hash = {}
+    # ...
+    return ary, hash
+end
+arr, dict = somefunc
+
+array_of_hashes = fn
+h1, h2, h3      = fn
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.10
+return
+# or (equivalent)
+return nil
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.11
+# You can't prototype in Ruby regarding types :-(
+# Though, you can force the number of arguments:
+def func_with_no_arg; end
+def func_with_no_arg(); end
+def func_with_one_arg(a1); end
+def func_with_two_args(a1, a2); end
+def func_with_any_number_of_args(*args); end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.12
+raise "some message"        # raise exception
+
+begin
+    val = func
+rescue Exception => msg
+    $stderr.puts "func raised an exception: #{msg}"
+end
+
+# In Ruby the rescue statement uses an exception class, every
+# exception which is not matched is still continuing
+begin
+    val = func
+rescue FullMoonError
+    ...
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.13
+# Saving Global Values
+# Of course we can just save the value and restore it later:
+def print_age
+    puts "Age is #{$age}"
+end
+
+$age = 18         # global variable
+print_age()
+if condition
+    safeage = $age
+    $age = 23
+    print_age()
+    $age = safeage
+end
+
+# We can also use a method that saves the global variable and
+# restores it automatically when the block is left:
+
+def local(var)
+    eval("save = #{var.id2name}")
+    begin
+        result = yield
+    ensure
+        # we want to call this even if we got an exception
+        eval("#{var.id2name} = save")
+    end
+    result
+end
+
+condition = true
+$age = 18
+print_age()
+if condition
+    local(:$age) {
+        $age = 23
+        print_age()
+    }
+end
+print_age()
+
+# There is no need to use local() for filehandles or directory
+# handles in ruby because filehandles are normal objects.
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.14
+# In Ruby you may redefine a method [but not overload it :-(]
+# just by defining again with the same name.
+def foo; puts 'foo'; end
+def foo; puts 'bar'; end
+foo
+#=> bar
+
+# You can also take a reference to an existing method before
+# redefining a new one, using the `alias' keyword
+def foo; puts 'foo'; end
+alias foo_orig foo
+def foo; puts 'bar'; end
+foo_orig
+foo
+#=> foo
+#=> bar
+
+# AFAIK, there is no direct way to create a new method whose name
+# comes from a variable, so use "eval"
+colors = %w(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)
+colors.each { |c|
+    eval <<-EOS
+    def #{c}(*a)
+        "<FONT COLOR='#{c}'>" + a.to_s + "</FONT>"
+    end
+    EOS
+} 
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.15
+def method_missing(name, *args)
+    "<FONT COLOR='#{name}'>" + args.join(' ') + "</FONT>"
+end
+puts chartreuse("stuff")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.16
+def outer(arg)
+    x = arg + 35
+    inner = proc { x * 19 }
+    x + inner.call()
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_10.17
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# mailsort - sort mbox by different criteria
+require 'English'
+require 'Date'
+
+# Objects of class Mail represent a single mail.
+class Mail
+    attr_accessor :no
+    attr_accessor :subject
+    attr_accessor :fulltext
+    attr_accessor :date
+
+    def initialize
+        @fulltext = ""
+        @subject = ""
+    end
+
+    def append(para)
+        @fulltext << para
+    end
+
+    # this is called if you call puts(mail)
+    def to_s
+        @fulltext
+    end
+end
+
+# represents a list of mails.
+class Mailbox < Array
+
+    Subjectpattern = Regexp.new('Subject:\s*(?:Re:\s*)*(.*)\n')
+    Datepattern = Regexp.new('Date:\s*(.*)\n')
+
+    # reads mails from open file and stores them
+    def read(file)
+        $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = ''  # paragraph reads
+        msgno = -1
+        file.each { |para|
+            if para =~ /^From/
+                mail = Mail.new
+                mail.no = (msgno += 1)
+                md = Subjectpattern.match(para)
+                if md
+                    mail.subject = md[1]
+                end
+                md = Datepattern.match(para)
+                if md
+                    mail.date = DateTime.parse(md[1])
+                else
+                    mail.date = DateTime.now
+                end
+                self.push(mail)
+            end
+            mail.append(para) if mail
+        }
+    end
+
+    def sort_by_subject_and_no
+        self.sort_by { |m|
+            [m.subject, m.no]
+        }
+    end
+
+    # sorts by a list of attributs of mail, given as symbols
+    def sort_by_attributs(*attrs)
+        # you can sort an Enumerable by an array of
+        # values, they would be compared
+        # from ary[0] to ary[n]t, say:
+        # ['b',1] > ['a',10] > ['a',9]
+        self.sort_by { |elem|
+            attrs.map { |attr|
+                elem.send(attr)
+            }
+        }
+    end
+
+end
+
+mailbox = Mailbox.new
+mailbox.read(ARGF)
+
+# print only subjects sorted by subject and number
+for m in mailbox.sort_by_subject_and_no
+    puts(m.subject)
+end
+
+# print complete mails sorted by date, then subject, then number
+for m in mailbox.sort_by_attributs(:date, :subject)
+    puts(m)
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_11.7
+def mkcounter(count)
+    start  = count 
+    bundle = { 
+        "NEXT"   => proc { count += 1 },
+        "PREV"   => proc { count -= 1 },
+        "RESET"  => proc { count = start }
+    }
+    bundle["LAST"] = bundle["PREV"]
+    return bundle
+end
+
+c1 = mkcounter(20)
+c2 = mkcounter(77)
+
+puts "next c1: #{c1["NEXT"].call}"  # 21 
+puts "next c2: #{c2["NEXT"].call}"  # 78 
+puts "next c1: #{c1["NEXT"].call}"  # 22 
+puts "last c1: #{c1["PREV"].call}"  # 21 
+puts "last c1: #{c1["LAST"].call}"  # 20 
+puts "old  c2: #{c2["RESET"].call}" # 77 
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_11.15
+class Binary_tree
+    def initialize(val)
+        @value = val
+        @left = nil
+        @right = nil
+    end
+    
+    # insert given value into proper point of
+    # provided tree.  If no tree provided, 
+    # use implicit pass by reference aspect of @_
+    # to fill one in for our caller.
+    def insert(val)
+        if val < @value then
+            if @left then
+                @left.insert(val)
+            else
+                @left = Binary_tree.new(val)
+            end
+        elsif val > @value then
+            if @right then
+                @right.insert(val)
+            else
+                @right = Binary_tree.new(val)
+            end
+        else
+            puts "double"
+            # do nothing, no double values
+        end
+    end
+
+    # recurse on left child, 
+    # then show current value, 
+    # then recurse on right child.  
+    def in_order
+        @left.in_order if @left
+        print @value, " "
+        @right.in_order if @right
+    end
+    
+    # show current value, 
+    # then recurse on left child, 
+    # then recurse on right child.
+    def pre_order
+        print @value, " "
+        @left.pre_order if @left
+        @right.pre_order if @right
+    end
+
+    # recurse on left child, 
+    # then recurse on right child,
+    # then show current value.
+    def post_order
+        @left.post_order if @left
+        @right.post_order if @right
+        print @value, " "
+    end
+
+    # find out whether provided value is in the tree.
+    # if so, return the node at which the value was found.
+    # cut down search time by only looking in the correct
+    # branch, based on current value.
+    def search(val)
+        if val == @value then
+            return self
+        elsif val < @value then
+            return @left.search(val) if @left
+            return nil
+        else
+            return @right.search(val) if @right
+            return nil
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# first generate 20 random inserts
+test = Binary_tree.new(0)
+for a in 0..20
+    test.insert(rand(1000)) 
+end
+
+# now dump out the tree all three ways
+print "Pre order:  ";  test.pre_order;  puts ""
+print "In order:  ";  test.in_order;  puts ""
+print "Post order:  ";  test.post_order;  puts ""
+
+print "search?"
+while gets
+    print test.search($_.to_i)
+    print "\nsearch?"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.0
+# class and module names need to have the first letter capitalized
+module Alpha
+    NAME = 'first'
+end
+module Omega
+    NAME = 'last'
+end
+puts "Alpha is #{Alpha::NAME}, Omega is #{Omega::NAME}"
+
+# ruby doesn't differentiate beteen compile-time and run-time
+require 'getoptlong.rb'
+require 'getoptlong'     # assumes the .rb
+require 'cards/poker.rb'
+require 'cards/poker'    # assumes the .rb
+load    'cards/poker'    # require only loads the file once
+
+module Cards
+    module Poker
+        @card_deck = Array.new # or @card_deck = []
+        def shuffle
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.1
+# a module exports all of its functions
+module Your_Module
+    def self.function
+        # this would be called as Your_Module.function
+    end
+    
+    def Your_Module.another
+        # this is the same as above, but more specific
+    end
+end
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.2
+begin
+    require 'nonexistent'
+rescue LoadError
+    puts "Couldn't load #{$!}"  # $! contains the last error string
+end
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.4
+# module variables are private unless access functions are defined
+module Alpha
+    @aa = 10
+    @bb = 11
+    
+    def self.put_aa
+        puts @aa
+    end
+    
+    def self.bb=(val)
+        @bb = val
+    end
+end
+
+Alpha.bb = 12
+# Alpha.aa = 10 # error, no aa=method
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.5
+# caller provides a backtrace of the call stack
+module MyModule
+    def find_caller
+        caller
+    end
+
+    def find_caller2(i)
+        caller(i) # an argument limits the size of the stack returned
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.6
+BEGIN {
+    $logfile = '/tmp/mylog' unless defined? $logfile
+    $LF = File.open($logfile, 'a')
+}
+
+module Logger
+    def self.logmsg(msg)
+        $LF.puts msg
+    end
+
+    logmsg('startup')
+end
+
+END {
+    Logger::logmsg('shutdown')
+    $LF.close
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.7
+#-----------------------------
+# results may be different on your system
+# % ruby -e "$LOAD_PATH.each_index { |i| printf("%d %s\n", i, $LOAD_PATH[i] }
+#0 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6
+#1 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6/i386-linux
+#2 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/
+#3 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6
+#4 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6/i136-linux
+#5 .
+#-----------------------------
+# syntax for sh, bash, ksh, or zsh
+#$ export RUBYLIB=$HOME/rubylib
+
+# syntax for csh or tcsh
+# % setenv RUBYLIB ~/rubylib
+#-----------------------------
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift "/projects/spectre/lib";
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.8
+# equivalents in ruby are mkmf, SWIG, or Ruby/DL depending on usage
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.9
+# no equivalent in ruby
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.10
+# no equivalent in ruby
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.11
+module FineTime
+    def self.time
+        # to be defined later
+    end
+end
+
+
+module FineTime
+    def self.time
+        "its a fine time"
+    end
+end
+
+puts FineTime.time #=> "its a fine time"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.12
+def even_only(n)
+    raise "#{n} is not even" if (n & 1) != 0  # one way to test
+    # ...
+end
+def even_only(n)
+    $stderr.puts "#{n} is not even" if (n & 1) != 0
+    # ...
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_12.17
+# The library archive for ruby is called Ruby Application archive,
+# or shorter RAA, and can be found at http://raa.ruby-lang.org.
+# A typical library is installed like this:
+# % gunzip some-module-4.54.tar.gz
+# % tar xf some-module-4.54.tar
+# % cd some-module-4.54.tar
+# % ruby install.rb config
+# % ruby install.rb setup
+# get superuser previleges here if needed for next step
+# % ruby install.rb install
+
+# Some modules use a different process,
+# you should find details in the documentation
+# Here is an example of such a different process
+# % ruby extconf.rb
+# % make
+# % make install
+
+# If you want the module installed in your own directory:
+# For ruby version specific libraries
+# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby=~/lib
+# For version independent libraries
+# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby-common=~/lib
+
+# Information about possible options for config
+# % ruby install.rb --help
+
+# If you have your own complete distribution
+# % ruby install.rb --prefix=path=~/ruby-private
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.0
+# Classes and objects in Ruby are rather straigthforward
+class Person
+    # Class variables (also called static attributes) are prefixed by @@
+    @@person_counter=0
+    
+    # object constructor
+    def initialize(age, name, alive = true)     # Default arg like in C++
+        @age, @name, @alive = age, name, alive  # Object attributes are prefixed by '@'
+        @@person_counter += 1
+          # There is no '++' operator in Ruby. The '++'/'--'  operators are in fact 
+          # hidden assignments which affect variables, not objects. You cannot accomplish
+          # assignment via method. Since everything in Ruby is object, '++' and '--' 
+          # contradict Ruby OO ideology. Instead '-=' and '+=' are used.
+    end
+    
+    attr_accessor :name, :age   # This creates setter and getter methods for @name
+                                # and @age. See 13.3 for detailes.
+    
+    # methods modifying the receiver object usually have the '!' suffix
+    def die!
+        @alive = false
+        puts "#{@name} has died at the age of #{@age}."
+        @alive
+    end
+    
+    def kill(anotherPerson)
+        print @name, ' is killing ', anotherPerson.name, ".\n"
+        anotherPerson.die!
+    end
+
+    # methods used as queries
+    # usually have the '?' suffix    
+    def alive?
+        @alive && true
+    end
+    
+    def year_of_birth
+        Time.now.year - @age
+    end
+    
+    # Class method (also called static method)
+    def Person.number_of_people
+        @@person_counter
+    end
+end
+
+# Using the class:
+# Create objects of class Person
+lecter = Person.new(47, 'Hannibal')
+starling = Person.new(29, 'Clarice', true)
+pazzi = Person.new(40, 'Rinaldo', true)
+
+# Calling a class method
+print "There are ", Person.number_of_people, " Person objects\n"
+
+print pazzi.name, ' is ', (pazzi.alive?) ? 'alive' : 'dead', ".\n"
+lecter.kill(pazzi)
+print pazzi.name, ' is ', (pazzi.alive?) ? 'alive' : 'dead', ".\n"
+
+print starling.name , ' was born in ', starling.year_of_birth, "\n"
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.1
+# If you don't need any initialisation in the constructor,
+# you don't need to write a constructor.
+class MyClass
+end
+
+class MyClass
+    def initialize
+        @start = Time.new
+        @age = 0
+    end
+end
+
+class MyClass
+    def initialize(inithash)
+        @start = Time.new
+        @age = 0
+        for key, value in inithash
+            instance_variable_set("@#{key}", value)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.2
+# Objects are destroyed by the garbage collector.
+# The time of destroying is not predictable.
+# The ruby garbage collector can handle circular references,
+# so there is no need to write destructor for that.
+
+# There is no direct support for destructor.
+# You can call a custom function, or more specific a proc object, when the
+# garbage collector is about to destruct the object, but it is unpredictable
+# when this occurs.
+# Also if such a finalizer object has a reference to the orignal object,
+# this may prevent the original object to get garbage collected.
+# Because of this problem the finalize method below is
+# a class method and not a instance method.
+# So if you need to free resources for an object, like
+# closing a socket or kill a spawned subprocess,
+# you should do it explicitly.
+
+class MyClass
+    def initialize
+        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,
+                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)
+    end
+    def MyClass.finalize(id)
+        puts "Object #{id} dying at #{Time.new}"
+    end
+end
+
+# test code
+3.times {
+    MyClass.new
+}
+ObjectSpace.garbage_collect
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.3
+# You can write getter and setter methods in a natural way:
+class Person
+    def name
+        @name
+    end
+    def name=(name)
+        @name = name
+    end
+end
+
+# But there is a better and shorter way
+class Person
+    attr_reader :age
+    attr_writer :name  
+    # attr_reader and attr_writer are actually methods in class Class
+    # which set getter and setter methods for you.
+end
+
+# There is also attr_accessor to create both setters and getters
+class Person
+    attr_accessor :age, :name
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.4
+class Person
+    # Class variables (also called static attributes) are prefixed by @@
+    @@person_counter = 0
+    
+    def Person.population
+        @@person_counter
+    end
+    def initialize
+        @@person_counter += 1
+        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,
+                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)
+    end
+    def Person.finalize(id)
+        @@person_counter -= 1
+    end
+end
+people = []
+10.times {
+    people.push(Person.new)
+}
+printf("There are %d people alive", Person.population)
+
+
+FixedArray.class_max_bounds = 100
+alpha = FixedArray.new
+puts "Bound on alpha is #{alpha.max_bounds}"
+
+beta = FixedArray.new
+beta.max_bounds = 50                    # calls the instance method
+beta.class.class_max_bounds = 50        # alternative, calls the class method
+puts "Bound on alpha is #{alpha.max_bounds}"
+    
+class FixedArray
+    @@bounds = 7
+    
+    def max_bounds
+        @@max_bounds
+    end
+    # instance method, which sets the class variable
+    def max_bounds=(value)
+        @@max_bounds = value
+    end
+    # class method. This can only be called on a class,
+    # but not on the instances
+    def FixedArray.class_max_bounds=(value)
+        @@max_bounds = value
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.5
+PersonStruct = Struct.new("Person", :name, :age, :peers)
+# creates a class "Person::Struct", which is accessiable with the
+# constant "PersonStruct"
+p = PersonStruct.new
+p = Struct::Person.new                      # alternative using the classname
+p.name = "Jason Smythe"
+p.age = 13
+p.peers = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]
+p[:peers] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]     # alternative access using symbol
+p["peers"] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]    # alternative access using name of field
+p[2] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]          # alternative access using index of field
+puts "At age #{p.age}, #{p.name}'s first friend is #{p.peers[0]}"
+
+# The fields of a struct have no special type, like other ruby variables
+# you can put any objects in. Therefore the discussions how to specify
+# the types of the fields do not apply to ruby.
+
+FamilyStruct = Struct.new("Family", :head, :address, :members)
+folks = FamilyStruct.new
+folks.head = PersonStruct.new
+dad = folks.head
+dad.name = "John"
+dad.age = 34
+
+# supply of own accessor method for the struct for error checking
+class PersonStruct
+    def age=(value)
+        if !value.kind_of?(Integer)
+            raise(ArgumentError, "Age #{value} isn't an Integer")
+        elsif value > 150
+            raise(ArgumentError, "Age #{value} is unreasonable")
+        end
+        @age = value
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.6
+# The ruby Object class defines a dup and a clone method.
+# The dup method is recommended for prototype object creation.
+# The default implementation makes a shallow copy,
+# but each class can override it, for example to make a deep copy.
+
+# If you want to call 'new' directly on the instances,
+# you can create a instance method "new", which returns a new duplicate.
+# This method is distinct from the class method new.
+#
+class A
+    def new
+        dup
+    end
+end
+
+ob1 = A.new
+# later on
+ob2 = ob1.new
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.7
+methname = 'flicker'
+obj.send(methname, 10)      # calls obj.flicker(10)
+
+# call three methods on the object, by name
+['start', 'run', 'stop'].each do |method_string|
+    obj.send(method_string)
+end
+
+# Another way is to create a Method object
+method_obj = obj.method('flicker')
+# And then call it
+method_obj.call(10)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.8
+# All classes in Ruby inherit from class Object
+# and thus all objects share methods defined in this class
+
+# the class of the object
+puts any_object.type
+
+# Ruby classes are actually objects of class Class and they
+# respond to methods defined in Object class as well
+
+# the superclass of this class
+puts any_object.class.superclass
+
+# ask an object whether it is an instance of particular class
+n = 4.7
+puts n.instance_of?(Float)    # true
+puts n.instance_of?(Numeric)  # false
+
+# ask an object whether it is an instance of class, one of the
+# superclasses of the object, or modules included in it
+puts n.kind_of?(Float)       # true (the class)
+puts n.kind_of?(Numeric)     # true (an ancestor class)
+puts n.kind_of?(Comparable)  # true (a mixin module)
+puts n.kind_of?(String)      # false
+
+# ask an object whether it can respond to a particular method
+puts n.respond_to?('+')      # true
+puts n.respond_to?('length') # false
+
+# all methods an object can respond to
+'just a string'.methods.each { |m| puts m }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.9
+# Actually any class in Ruby is inheritable
+class Person        
+    attr_accessor :age, :name
+    def initialize
+        @name
+        @age
+    end
+end
+#-----------------------------
+dude = Person.new
+dude.name = 'Jason'
+dude.age = 23
+printf "%s is age %d.\n", dude.name, dude.age
+#-----------------------------
+# Inheriting from Person
+class Employee < Person
+    attr_accessor :salary
+end
+#-----------------------------
+empl = Employee.new
+empl.name = 'Jason'
+empl.age = 23
+empl.salary = 200
+printf "%s is age %d, the salary is %d.\n", empl.name, empl.age, empl.salary
+#-----------------------------
+# Any built-in class can be inherited the same way
+class WeirdString < String  
+    def initialize(obj)
+        super obj
+    end
+    def +(anotherObj)   # + method in this class is overridden
+        # to return the sum of string lengths
+        self.length + anotherObj.length  # 'self' can be omitted
+    end  
+end
+#-----------------------------
+a = WeirdString.new('hello')
+b = WeirdString.new('bye')
+
+puts a + b    # the overridden +
+#=> 8
+puts a.length # method from the superclass, String
+#=> 5
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.11
+# In ruby you can override the method_missing method
+# to have a solution similar to perls AUTOLOAD.
+class Person
+
+    def initialize
+        @ok_fields = %w(name age peers parent)
+    end
+
+    def valid_attribute?(name)
+        @ok_fields.include?(name)
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(namesymbol, *params)
+        name = namesymbol.to_s
+        return if name =~ /^A-Z/
+        if name.to_s[-1] == ('='[0])       # we have a setter
+            isSetter = true
+            name.sub!(/=$/, '')
+        end
+        if valid_attribute?(name)
+            if isSetter
+                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", *params)
+            else
+                instance_variable_get("@#{name}", *params)
+            end
+        else
+            # if no annestor is responsible,
+            # the Object class will throw a NoMethodError exception
+            super(namesymbol, *params)
+        end
+    end
+
+    def new
+        kid = Person.new
+        kid.parent = self
+        kid
+    end
+
+end
+
+dad = Person.new
+dad.name = "Jason"
+dad.age = 23
+kid = dad.new
+kid.name = "Rachel"
+kid.age = 2
+puts "Kid's parent is #{kid.parent.name}"
+puts dad
+puts kid
+
+class Employee < Person
+    def initialize
+        super
+        @ok_fields.push("salary", "boss")
+    end
+    def ok_fields
+        @ok_fields
+    end
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.13
+# The ruby garbage collector pretends to cope with circular structures.
+# You can test it with this code:
+class RingNode
+    attr_accessor :next
+    attr_accessor :prev
+    attr_reader :name
+
+    def initialize(aName)
+        @name = aName
+        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,
+                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)
+    end
+
+    def RingNode.finalize(id)
+        puts "Node #{id} dying"
+    end
+
+    def RingNode.show_all_objects
+        ObjectSpace.each_object {|id|
+            puts id.name if id.class == RingNode
+        }
+    end
+end
+
+def create_test
+    a = RingNode.new("Node A")
+    b = RingNode.new("Node B")
+    c = RingNode.new("Node C")
+    a.next = b
+    b.next = c
+    c.next = a
+    a.prev = c
+    c.prev = b
+    b.prev = a
+
+    a = nil
+    b = nil
+    c = nil
+end
+
+create_test
+RingNode.show_all_objects
+ObjectSpace.garbage_collect
+puts "After garbage collection"
+RingNode.show_all_objects
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_13.14
+class String
+    def <=>(other)
+        self.casecmp other
+    end
+end
+
+# There is no way to directly overload the '""' (stringify) 
+# operator in Ruby.  However, by convention, classes which 
+# can reasonably be converted to a String will define a 
+# 'to_s' method as in the TimeNumber class defined below.
+# The 'puts' method will automatcally call an object's
+# 'to_s' method as is demonstrated below.
+# Furthermore, if a class defines a to_str method, an object of that
+# class can be used most any place where the interpreter is looking 
+# for a String value.
+
+#---------------------------------------
+# NOTE: Ruby has a builtin Time class which would usually be used 
+# to manipulate time objects, the following is supplied for
+# educational purposes to demonstrate operator overloading.
+#
+class TimeNumber
+    attr_accessor  :hours,:minutes,:seconds
+    def initialize( hours, minutes, seconds)
+        @hours = hours
+        @minutes = minutes
+        @seconds = seconds
+    end
+    
+    def to_s
+        return sprintf( "%d:%02d:%02d", @hours, @minutes, @seconds)
+    end
+
+    def to_str
+        to_s
+    end
+
+    def +( other)
+        seconds = @seconds + other.seconds
+        minutes = @minutes + other.minutes
+        hours = @hours + other.hours
+        if seconds >= 60
+            seconds %= 60
+            minutes += 1
+        end
+        if minutes >= 60
+            minutes %= 60
+            hours += 1
+        end
+        return TimeNumber.new(hours, minutes, seconds)
+    end
+
+    def -(other)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    def *(other)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+
+    def /( other)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    end
+end
+
+t1 = TimeNumber.new(0, 58, 59)
+sec = TimeNumber.new(0, 0, 1)
+min = TimeNumber.new(0, 1, 0)
+puts t1 + sec + min + min
+
+#-----------------------------
+# StrNum class example: Ruby's builtin String class already has the 
+# capabilities outlined in StrNum Perl example, however the '*' operator
+# on Ruby's String class acts differently: It creates a string which
+# is the original string repeated N times.
+#
+# Using Ruby's String class as is in this example:
+x = "Red"; y = "Black"
+z = x+y
+r = z*3 # r is "RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack"
+puts "values are #{x}, #{y}, #{z}, and #{r}"
+print "#{x} is ", x < y ? "LT" : "GE", " #{y}\n"
+# prints:
+# values are Red, Black, RedBlack, and RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack
+# Red is GE Black
+
+#-----------------------------
+class FixNum
+    REGEX = /(\.\d*)/
+    DEFAULT_PLACES = 0
+    attr_accessor :value, :places
+    def initialize(value, places = nil)
+        @value = value
+        if places
+            @places = places
+        else
+            m = REGEX.match(value.to_s) 
+            if m
+                @places = m[0].length - 1
+            else
+                @places = DEFAULT_PLACES
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    def +(other)
+        FixNum.new(@value + other.value, max(@places, other.places))
+    end
+
+    def *(other)
+        FixNum.new(@value * other.value, max(@places, other.places))
+    end
+
+    def /(other)
+        puts "Divide: #{@value.to_f/other.value.to_f}"
+        result = FixNum.new(@value.to_f/other.value.to_f)
+        result.places = max(result.places,other.places) 
+        result
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+        sprintf("STR%s: %.*f", self.class.to_s , @places, @value)   #.
+    end  
+
+    def to_str
+        to_s
+    end
+
+    def to_i #convert to int
+        @value.to_i
+    end
+
+    def to_f #convert to float`
+        @value.to_f
+    end
+
+    private
+    def max(a,b)
+        a > b ? a : b
+    end
+end
+
+def demo()
+    x = FixNum.new(40)
+    y = FixNum.new(12, 0)
+
+    puts "sum of #{x} and #{y} is  #{x+y}"
+    puts "product of #{x} and #{y} is #{x*y}"
+
+    z = x/y
+    puts "#{z} has #{z.places} places"
+    unless z.places
+        z.places = 2
+    end
+
+    puts "div of #{x} by #{y} is #{z}"
+    puts "square of that is  #{z*z}"
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+    demo()
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.1
+# There are dbm, sdbm, gdbm modules
+# and the bdb module for accessing the berkeley db
+# sdbm seem to be available on the most systems,
+# so we use it here
+#
+require "sdbm"
+SDBM.open("filename", 0666) { |dbobj|
+    # raises exception if open error
+    
+    # the returned sdbm-dbobj has most of the methods of a hash
+    v = dbobj["key"]
+    dbobj["key"] = "newvalue"
+    if dbobj.has_key?("key")
+        # ...
+    end
+    dbobj.delete("key2")
+}
+# database is open only inside the block.
+
+# It is also possible to use a open .. close pair:
+dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)
+#.. do something with dbobj
+dbobj.close
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# userstats - generate statistics on who is logged in
+# call with usernames as argument to display the totals
+# for the given usernames, call with "ALL" to display all users
+
+require "sdbm"
+filename = '/tmp/userstats.db'
+SDBM.open(filename, 0666) { |dbobj|
+    if ARGV.length > 0
+        if ARGV[0] == "ALL"
+            # ARGV is constant, so we need the variable userlist
+            userlist = dbobj.keys().sort()
+        else
+            userlist = ARGV
+        end
+        userlist.each { |user|
+            print "#{user}\t#{dbobj[user]}\n"
+        }
+    else
+        who = `who`
+        who.split("\n").each { |line|
+            md = /^(\S+)/.match(line)
+            raise "Bad line from who: #{line}" unless md
+            # sdbm stores only strings, so "+=" doesn't work,
+            # we need to convert them expicitly back to integer.
+            if dbobj.has_key?(md[0])
+                dbobj[md[0]] = dbobj[md[0]].to_i + 1
+            else
+                dbobj[md[0]] = "1"
+            end
+        }
+    end
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.2
+# using open and clear
+dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)
+dbobj.clear()
+dbobj.close()
+# deleting file and recreating it
+# the filenames depend on the flavor of dbm you use,
+# for example sdbm has two files named filename.pag and filename.dir,
+# so you need to delete both files
+begin
+    File.delete("filename")
+    # raises Exception if not exist
+    dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)
+rescue
+    # add error handling here
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.3
+# sdbm2gdbm: converts sdbm database to a gdbm database
+require "sdbm"
+require "gdbm"
+
+unless ARGV.length == 2
+    fail "usage: sdbm2gdbm infile outfile"
+end
+infile = ARGV[0]
+outfile = ARGV[1]
+
+sdb = SDBM.open(infile)
+gdb = GDBM.open(outfile, 0666)
+sdb.each { |key, val|
+    gdb[key] = val
+}
+gdb.close
+sdb.close
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.4
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# dbmmerge: merges two dbm databases
+require "sdbm"
+
+unless ARGV.length == 3
+    fail "usage: dbmmerge indb1 indb2 outdb"
+end
+infile1 = ARGV[0]
+infile2 = ARGV[0]
+outfile = ARGV[2]
+
+in1 = SDBM.open(infile1, nil)
+in2 = SDBM.open(infile2, nil)
+outdb = SDBM.open(outfile, 0666)
+
+[in1, in2].each { |indb|
+    indb.each { |key, val|
+        if outdb.has_key?(key)
+            # decide which value to set.
+            # set outdb[key] if necessary
+        else
+            outdb[key] = val
+        end
+    }
+}
+in1.close
+in2.close
+outdb.close
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.7
+# we write a tie method that extends the Array class.
+# It reads the file into the memory, executes the code block
+# in which you can manipulate the array as needed, and writes
+# the array back to the file after the end of the block execution
+class Array
+    def tie(filename, flags)
+        File.open(filename, flags) { |f|
+            f.each_line { |line|
+                self.push(line.chomp)
+            }
+            yield
+            f.rewind
+            each { |line|
+                if line
+                    f.puts(line)
+                else
+                    f.puts ""
+                end
+            }
+        }
+    end
+end
+
+array = Array.new
+array.tie("/tmp/textfile.txt", File::RDWR|File::CREAT) {
+    array[4] = "a new line 4"
+}
+
+# The tied array can be manipulated like a normal array,
+# so there is no need for a special API, and the recno_demo program
+# to demonstrate is API is useless
+
+
+# tied array demo: show how to use array with a tied file
+filename = "db_file.txt"
+lines = Array.new
+File.unlink(filename) if File.exists?(filename)
+lines.tie(filename, File::RDWR | File::CREAT) {
+    # first create a textfile to play with
+    lines[0] = "zero"
+    lines[1] = "one"
+    lines[2] = "two"
+    lines[3] = "three"
+    lines[4] = "four"
+
+    # print the records in order.
+    # Opposed to perl, the tied array behaves exactly as a normal array
+    puts "\nOriginal"
+    for i in 0..(lines.length-1)
+        puts "#{i}: #{lines[i]}"
+    end
+
+    #use push and pop
+    a = lines.pop
+    lines.push("last")
+    puts("The last line was [#{a}]")
+
+    #use shift and unshift
+    a = lines.shift
+    lines.unshift("first")
+    puts("The first line was [#{a}]")
+
+    # add record after record 2
+    i = 2
+    lines.insert(i + 1, "Newbie")
+
+    # add record before record one
+    i = 1
+    lines.insert(i, "New One")
+
+    # delete record 3
+    lines.delete_at(3)
+
+    #now print the records in reverse order
+    puts "\nReverse"
+    (lines.length - 1).downto(0){ |i|
+        puts "#{i}: #{lines[i]}"
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.8
+# example to store complex data in a database
+# uses marshall from the standard library
+require "sdbm"
+db = SDBM.open("pleac14-8-database", 0666)
+
+# convert the Objects into strings and back by using the Marshal module.
+# Most normal objects can be converted out of the box,
+# but not special things like procedure objects,
+# IO instance variables, singleton objects
+
+db["Tom Christiansen"] = Marshal.dump(["book author",  "tchrist@perl.com"])
+db["Tom Boutell"] = Marshal.dump(["shareware author",
+"boutell@boutell.com"])
+
+name1 = "Tom Christiansen"
+name2 = "Tom Boutell"
+
+tom1 = Marshal.load(db[name1])
+tom2 = Marshal.load(db[name2])
+
+puts "Two Toming: #{tom1} #{tom2}"
+
+if tom1[0] == tom2[0] && tom1[1] == tom2[1]
+   puts "You're having runtime fun with one Tom made two."
+else
+   puts "No two Toms are ever alike"
+end
+
+# To change parts of an entry, get the whole entry, change the parts,
+# and save the whole entry back
+entry = Marshal.load(db["Tom Boutell"])
+entry[0] = "Poet Programmer"
+db["Tom Boutell"] = Marshal.dump(entry)
+db.close
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.9
+# example to make data persistent
+# uses Marshal from the standard lib
+# Stores the data in a simple file,
+# see 14.8 on how to store it in a dbm file
+
+# The BEGIN block is executed before the rest of the script
+# we use global variables here because local variables
+# will go out of scope and are not accessible from the main script
+
+BEGIN {
+   $persistent_store = "persitence.dat"
+   begin
+     File.open($persistent_store) do |f|
+       $stringvariable1 = Marshal.load(f)
+       $arrayvariable2 = Marshal.load(f)
+     end
+   rescue
+     puts "Can not open #{$persistent_store}"
+     # Initialisation if this script runs the first time
+     $stringvariable1 = ""
+     $arrayvariable2 = []
+   end
+}
+
+END {
+   File.open($persistent_store, "w+") do |f|
+     Marshal.dump($stringvariable1, f)
+     Marshal.dump($arrayvariable2, f)
+   end
+}
+
+# simple test program
+puts $stringvariable1
+puts $arrayvariable2
+$stringvariable1 = "Hello World"
+$arrayvariable2.push(5)
+puts $stringvariable1
+puts $arrayvariable2
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_14.10
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# Ruby has a dbi module with an architecture similar
+# to the Perl dbi module: the dbi module provides an unified
+# interface and uses specialized drivers for each dbms vendor
+#
+begin
+    DBI.connect("DBI:driver:driverspecific", "username", "auth") {
+        |dbh|
+
+        dbh.do(SQL1)
+
+        dbh.prepare(SQL2){ |sth|
+            sth.execute
+            sth.fetch {|row|
+                # ...
+            }
+        } # end of block finishes the statement handle
+    } # end of block closes the database connection
+rescue DBI::DatabaseError => e
+    puts "dbi error occurred"
+    puts "Error code: #{e.err}"
+    puts "Error message: #{e.errstr}"
+end
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
+# dbusers - example for mysql which creates a table,
+# fills it with values, retrieves the values back,
+# and finally destroys the table.
+
+require "dbi"
+
+# replacement for the User::pwnt module
+def getpwent
+    result = []
+    File.open("/etc/passwd") {|file|
+        file.each_line {|line|
+            next if line.match(/^#/)
+            cols = line.split(":")
+            result.push([cols[2], cols[0]])
+        }
+    }
+    result
+end
+
+begin
+    DBI.connect("DBI:Mysql:pleacdatabase", "pleac", "pleacpassword") {
+        |conn|
+
+        conn.do("CREATE TABLE users (uid INT, login CHAR(8))")
+
+        users = getpwent
+
+        conn.prepare("INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?)") {|sth|
+            users.each {|entry|
+                sth.execute(entry[0], entry[1])
+            }
+        }
+
+        conn.execute("SELECT uid, login FROM users WHERE uid < 50") {|sth|
+            sth.fetch {|row|
+                puts row.collect {|col|
+                    if col.nil?
+                        "(null)"
+                    else
+                        col
+                    end
+                }.join(", ")
+            }
+        }
+
+        conn.do("DROP TABLE users")
+    }
+rescue DBI::DatabaseError => e
+    puts "dbi error occurred"
+    puts "Error code: #{e.err}"
+    puts "Error message: #{e.errstr}"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_15.1
+# This test program demonstrates parsing program arguments.
+# It uses the optparse library, which is included with ruby 1.8
+# It handles classic unix style and gnu style options
+require 'optparse'
+
+@debugmode = false
+@verbose = false
+
+ARGV.options do |opts|
+    opts.banner = "Usage: ruby #{$0} [OPTIONS] INPUTFILES"
+
+    opts.on("-h", "--help", "show this message") {
+        puts opts
+        exit
+    }
+    # The OptionParser#on method is called with a specification of short
+    # options, of long options, a data type spezification and user help
+    # messages for this option.
+    # The method analyses the given parameter and decides what it is,
+    # so you can leave out the long option if you don't need it
+    opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose=[FLAG]", TrueClass, "run verbosly") {
+        |@verbose|   # sets @verbose to true or false
+    }
+    opts.on("-D", "--DEBUG", TrueClass, "turns on debug mode" ){
+        |@debugmode|   # sets @debugmode to true
+    }
+    opts.on("-c", "--count=NUMBER", Integer, "how many times we do it" ){
+        |@count|      # sets @count to given integer
+    }
+    opts.on("-o", "--output=FILE", String, "file to write output to"){
+        |@outputfile|   # sets @outputfile to given string
+    }
+    opts.parse!
+end
+
+# example to use the options in the main program
+puts "Verbose is on" if @verbose
+puts "Debugmode is on" if @debugmode
+puts "Outfile is #{@outputfile}" if defined? @outputfile
+puts "Count is #{@count}" if defined? @count
+ARGV.each { |param|
+    puts "Got parameter #{param}"
+}
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_15.4
+buf = "\0" * 8
+$stdout.ioctl(0x5413, buf)
+ws_row, ws_col, ws_xpixel, ws_ypixel = buf.unpack("S4")
+
+raise "You must have at least 20 characters" unless ws_col >= 20
+max = 0
+values = (1..5).collect { rand(20) }  # generate an array[5] of rand values
+for i in values
+    max = i if max < i
+end
+ratio = Float(ws_col-12)/max          # chars per unit
+for i in values
+    printf "%8.1f %s\n", i, "*" * (ratio*i)
+end
+
+# gives, for example:
+#   15.0 *******************************
+#   10.0 *********************
+#    5.0 **********
+#   14.0 *****************************
+#   18.0 **************************************
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.1
+output = `program args`       # collect output into one multiline string
+output = `program args`.split # collect output into array, one line per
+element
+
+readme = IO.popen("ls")
+output = ""
+while readme.gets do
+    output += $_
+end
+readme.close
+
+`fsck -y /dev/rsd1a`  # BAD AND SCARY in Perl because it's managed by the shell
+                      # I donna in Ruby ...
+
+# so the "clean and secure" version
+readme, writeme = IO.pipe
+pid = fork {
+    # child
+    $stdout = writeme
+    readme.close
+    exec('find', '..')
+}
+# parent
+Process.waitpid(pid, 0)
+writeme.close
+while readme.gets do
+    # do something with $_
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.2
+status = system("xemacs #{myfile}")
+
+status = system("xemacs", myfile)
+
+system("cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile")
+system("cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile")
+
+# stop if the command fails
+raise "$program exited funny: #{$?}" unless system("cmd", "args1", "args2")
+
+# get the value of the signal sent to the child
+# even if it is a SIGINT or SIGQUIT
+system(arglist)
+raise "program killed by signal #{$?}" if ($? & 127) != 0
+
+pid = fork {
+    trap("SIGINT", "IGNORE")
+    exec("sleep", "10")
+}
+trap ("SIGINT") {
+    puts "Tsk tsk, no process interruptus"
+}
+Process.waitpid(pid, 0)
+
+# Ruby doesn't permit to lie to the program called by a 'system'.
+# (ie specify what return argv[0] in C, $0 in Perl/Ruby ...)
+# A (dirty) way is to create a link (under Unix), run this link and
+# erase it. Somebody has a best idea ?
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.3
+exec("archive *.data")
+
+exec("archive", "accounting.data")
+
+exec("archive accounting.data")
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.4
+# read the output of a program
+IO.popen("ls") {|readme|
+    while readme.gets do
+        # ...
+    end
+}
+# or
+readme = IO.popen("ls")
+while readme.gets do
+    # ...
+end
+readme.close
+
+# "write" in a program
+IO.popen("cmd args","w") {|pipe|
+    pipe.puts("data")
+    pipe.puts("foo")
+}
+
+# close wait for the end of the process
+read = IO.popen("sleep 10000") # child goes to sleep
+read.close                     # and the parent goes to lala land
+
+writeme = IO.popen("cmd args", "w")
+writeme.puts "hello" # program will get hello\n on STDIN
+writeme.close        # program will get EOF on STDIN
+
+# send in a pager (eg less) all output
+$stdout = IO.popen("/usr/bin/less","w")
+print "huge string\n" * 10000
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.5
+#-----------------------------
+def head(lines = 20)
+    pid = open("|-","w")
+    if pid == nil
+        return
+    else
+        while gets() do
+            pid.print
+            lines -= 1
+            break if lines == 0
+        end
+    end
+    exit
+end
+
+head(100)
+while gets() do
+    print
+end
+#-----------------------------
+1: > Welcome to Linux, version 2.0.33 on a i686
+
+2: > 
+
+3: >     "The software required `Windows 95 or better', 
+
+4: >      so I installed Linux."  
+#-----------------------------
+> 1: Welcome to Linux, Kernel version 2.0.33 on a i686
+
+> 2: 
+
+> 3:     "The software required `Windows 95 or better', 
+
+> 4:      so I installed Linux."  
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# qnumcat - demo additive output filters
+
+def number()
+    pid = open("|-","w")
+    if pid == nil
+        return
+    else
+        while gets() do pid.printf("%d: %s", $., $_); end
+    end
+    exit
+end
+
+def quote()
+    pid = open("|-","w")
+    if pid == nil
+        return
+    else
+        while gets() do pid.print "> #{$_}" end
+    end
+    exit
+end
+
+number()
+quote()
+
+while gets() do
+    print
+end
+$stdout.close
+exit
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.6
+ARGV.map! { |arg|
+    arg =~ /\.(gz|Z)$/ ? "|gzip -dc #{arg}" : arg
+}
+for file in ARGV
+    fh = open(file)
+    while fh.gets() do
+        # .......
+    end
+end
+#-----------------------------
+ARGV.map! { |arg|
+    arg =~ %r#^\w+://# ? "|GET #{arg}" : arg   #
+}
+for file in ARGV
+    fh = open(file)
+    while fh.gets() do
+        # .......
+    end
+end
+#-----------------------------
+pwdinfo = (`domainname` =~ /^(\(none\))?$/) ? '/etc/passwd' : '|ypcat  passwd';
+pwd = open(pwdinfo);
+#-----------------------------
+puts "File, please? ";
+file = gets().chomp();
+fh = open(file);
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.7
+output = `cmd 2>&1`                            # with backticks
+# or
+ph = open("|cmd 2>&1")                         # with an open pipe
+while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read
+#-----------------------------
+output = `cmd 2>/dev/null`                     # with backticks
+# or
+ph = open("|cmd 2>/dev/null")                  # with an open pipe
+while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read
+#-----------------------------
+output = `cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null`                # with backticks
+# or
+ph = open("|cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null")             # with an open pipe
+while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read
+#-----------------------------
+output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`             # with backticks
+# or
+ph = open("|cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-")          # with an open pipe
+while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read
+#-----------------------------
+system("program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr") 
+#-----------------------------
+output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`  
+#-----------------------------
+fd3 = fd1 
+fd1 = fd2 
+fd2 = fd3 
+fd3 = nil 
+#-----------------------------
+system("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1") 
+system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile") 
+#-----------------------------
+# system ("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1") 
+fd1 = "tmpfile"          # change stdout destination first
+fd2 = fd1                # now point stderr there, too
+#-----------------------------
+# system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile") 
+fd2 = fd1                # stderr same destination as stdout
+fd1 = "tmpfile"          # but change stdout destination 
+#-----------------------------
+# It is often better not to rely on the shell, 
+# because of portability, possible security problems 
+# and bigger resource usage. So, it is often better to use the open3 library. 
+# See below for an example.
+# opening stdin, stdout, stderr
+require "open3"
+stdin, stdout, stderr = Open3.popen('cmd')
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.8
+#-----------------------------
+# Contrary to perl, we don't need to use a module in Ruby
+fh = Kernel.open("|" + program, "w+")
+fh.puts "here's your input\n"
+output = fh.gets()
+fh.close()
+#-----------------------------
+Kernel.open("|program"),"w+")    # RIGHT !
+#-----------------------------
+# Ruby has already object methods for I/O handles
+#-----------------------------
+begin
+    fh = Kernel.open("|" + program_and_options, "w+")
+rescue
+    if ($@ ~= /^open/)
+        $stderr.puts "open failed : #{$!} \n #{$@} \n"
+        break
+    end
+    raise      # reraise unforseen exception
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.13
+#% kill -l
+#HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE
+#ALRM TERM CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM
+#PROF WINCH POLL PWR
+#-----------------------------
+#% ruby -e 'puts Signal.list.keys.join(" ")'
+#PWR USR1 BUS USR2 TERM SEGV KILL POLL STOP SYS TRAP IOT HUP INT                                                                          #
+#WINCH XCPU TTIN CLD TSTP FPE IO TTOU PROF CHLD CONT PIPE ABRT
+#VTALRM QUIT ILL XFSZ URG ALRM
+#-----------------------------
+# After that, the perl script create an hash equivalent to Signal.list, 
+# and an array. The array can be obtained by :
+signame = []
+Signal.list.each { |name, i| signame[i] = name }
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.14
+Process.kill(9, pid)                    # send $pid a signal 9
+Process.kill(-1, Process.getpgrp())     # send whole job a signal 1
+Process.kill("USR1", $$)                # send myself a SIGUSR1
+Process.kill("HUP", pid1, pid2, pid3)   # send a SIGHUP to processes in @pids
+#-----------------------------
+begin
+    Process.kill(0, minion)
+    puts "#{minion} is alive!"
+rescue Errno::EPERM                     # changed uid
+    puts "#{minion} has escaped my control!";
+rescue Errno::ESRCH
+    puts "#{minion} is deceased.";      # or zombied
+rescue
+    puts "Odd; I couldn't check the status of #{minion} : #{$!}"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.15
+Kernel.trap("QUIT", got_sig_quit)       # got_sig_quit = Proc.new { puts "Quit\n" }
+trap("PIPE", "got_sig_quit")            # def got_sig_pipe ...
+trap("INT") { ouch++ }                  # increment ouch for every SIGINT
+#-----------------------------
+trap("INT", "IGNORE")                   # ignore the signal INT
+#-----------------------------
+trap("STOP", "DEFAULT")                 # restore default STOP signal handling
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.16
+# the signal handler
+def ding
+    trap("INT", "ding")
+    puts "\aEnter your name!"
+end
+
+# prompt for name, overriding SIGINT
+def get_name
+    save = trap("INT", "ding")
+
+    puts "Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: "
+    name = gets().chomp()
+    trap("INT", save)
+    name
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_16.21
+# implemented thanks to http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1760
+require 'timeout'
+
+# we'll do something vastly more useful than cookbook to demonstrate timeouts
+begin
+    timeout(5) {
+        waitsec = rand(10)
+        puts "Let's see if a sleep of #{waitsec} seconds is longer than 5 seconds..."
+        system("sleep #{waitsec}")
+    }
+    puts "Timeout didn't occur"
+rescue Timeout::Error    
+    puts "Timed out!"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_17.1
+# A basic TCP client connection
+require 'socket'
+begin
+    t = TCPSocket.new('www.ruby-lang.org', 'www')
+rescue
+    puts "error: #{$!}"
+else
+    # ... do something with the socket
+    t.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n"
+    answer = t.gets(nil)
+    # and terminate the connection when we're done
+    t.close
+end
+
+# Using the evil low level socket API
+require 'socket'
+# create a socket
+s = Socket.new(Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+# build the address of the remote machine
+sockaddr_server = [Socket::AF_INET, 80,
+    Socket.gethostbyname('www.ruby-lang.org')[3],
+    0, 0].pack("snA4NN")
+# connect
+begin
+    s.connect(sockaddr_server)
+rescue
+    puts "error: #{$!}"
+else
+    # ... do something with the socket
+    s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n"
+    # and terminate the connection when we're done
+    s.close
+end
+
+# TCP connection with management of error (DNS)
+require 'socket'
+begin
+    client = TCPSocket.new('does not exists', 'www')
+rescue
+    puts "error: #{$!}"
+end
+
+# TCP connection with a time out
+require 'socket'
+require 'timeout'
+begin
+    timeout(1) do #the server has one second to answer
+        client = TCPSocket.new('www.host.com', 'www')
+    end
+rescue
+    puts "error: #{$!}"
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_17.12
+require 'socket'
+
+class Preforker 
+    attr_reader (:child_count)
+    
+    def initialize(prefork, max_clients_per_child, port, client_handler)
+        @prefork = prefork
+        @max_clients_per_child = max_clients_per_child
+        @port = port
+        @child_count = 0
+        
+        @reaper = proc {
+            trap('CHLD', @reaper)
+            pid = Process.wait
+            @child_count -= 1
+        }
+        
+        @huntsman = proc {
+            trap('CHLD', 'IGNORE')
+            trap('INT', 'IGNORE')
+            Process.kill('INT', 0)
+            exit
+        }
+        
+        @client_handler=client_handler
+    end
+    
+    def child_handler
+        trap('INT', 'EXIT')
+        @client_handler.setUp
+        # wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT
+        @max_clients_per_child.times {
+            client = @server.accept or break
+            @client_handler.handle_request(client)
+            client.close
+        }
+        @client_handler.tearDown
+    end
+    
+    def make_new_child
+        # wish: sigprocmask block SIGINT
+        @child_count += 1
+        pid = fork do
+            child_handler
+        end
+        # wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT
+    end
+    
+    def run
+        @server = TCPserver.open(@port)
+        trap('CHLD', @reaper)
+        trap('INT', @huntsman)
+        loop {
+            (@prefork - @child_count).times { |i|
+                make_new_child
+            }
+            sleep .1
+        }
+    end
+end
+
+#-----------------------------
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+
+require 'Preforker'
+
+class ClientHandler
+    def setUp
+    end
+    
+    def tearDown
+    end
+    
+    def handle_request(client)
+        # do stuff
+    end
+end
+
+server = Preforker.new(1, 100, 3102, ClientHandler.new)
+server.run
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_18.2
+require 'net/ftp'
+
+begin
+    ftp = Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com")
+    ftp.login(username,password)
+    ftp.chdir(directory)
+    ftp.get(filename)
+    ftp.put(filename)
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.print "FTP failed: " + $!
+ensure
+    ftp.close() if ftp
+end
+
+# A better solution for a local use could be :
+Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com") do |ftp|
+    ftp.login(username,password)
+    ftp.chdir(directory)
+    ftp.get(filename)
+    ftp.put(filename)
+end
+
+# If you have only one file to get, there is a simple solution :
+require 'open-uri'
+open("ftp://www.ruby-lang.org/path/filename") do |fh|
+    # read from filehandle fh
+end 
+#--------------------------------------------
+# to wait a defined time for the connection, 
+# use the timeout module
+require 'timeout'
+begin 
+    timeout(30){
+        ftp = Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com")
+        ftp.debug_mode = true
+    }
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.puts "Couldn't connect."
+rescue Timeout::Error
+    $stderr.puts "Timeout while connecting to server."
+end
+
+begin
+    ftp.login()
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.print "Couldn't authentificate.\n"
+end
+
+begin
+    ftp.login(username)
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.print "Still couldn't authenticate.\n"
+end
+
+begin
+    ftp.login(username, password)
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.print "Couldn't authenticate, even with explicit
+    username and password.\n"
+end
+
+begin
+    ftp.login(username, password, account)
+rescue Net::FTPError
+    $stderr.print "No dice. It hates me.\n"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.put(localfile, remotefile)
+#-----------------------------
+# Sending data from STDIN is not directly supported 
+# by the ftp library module. A possible way to do it is to use the 
+# storlines method directly to send raw commands to the ftp server.
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.get(remotefile, localfile)
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.get(remotefile) { |data| puts data }
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.chdir("/pub/ruby") 
+print "I'm in the directory ", ftp.pwd(), "\n"
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.mkdir("/pub/ruby/new_dir")
+#-----------------------------
+lines = ftp.ls("/pub/ruby/")
+# => ["drwxr-xr-x 2 matz users 4096 July 17 1998 1.0", ... ]
+
+latest = ftp.dir("/pub/ruby/*.tgz").sort.last
+
+ftp.nlst("/pub/ruby")
+# => ["/pub/ruby/1.0", ... ]
+#-----------------------------
+ftp.quit()
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_18.6
+require 'net/telnet'
+t = Net::Telnet::new( "Timeout" => 10,
+                      "Prompt"  => /%/,
+                      "Host"    => host )
+t.login(username, password)
+files = t.cmd("ls")
+t.print("top")
+process_string = t.waitfor(/\d+ processes/)
+t.close
+#-----------------------------
+/[$%#>] \z/n
+#-----------------------------
+# In case of an error, the telnet module throws an exception.
+# For control of the behavior in case of an error,
+# you just need to catch the exceptions and do your custom
+# error handling.
+#-----------------------------
+begin
+    telnet.login(username, password)
+rescue TimeoutError
+    fail "Login failed !\n"
+end
+#-----------------------------
+telnet.waitfor('/--more--/')
+#-----------------------------
+telnet.waitfor(String => 'greasy smoke', Timeout => 30)
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_18.7
+require 'ping'
+
+puts "#{host} is alive.\n" if Ping.pingecho(host);
+#-----------------------------
+# the ping module only use TCP ping, not ICMP even if we are root
+if Ping.pingecho("kingkong.com")
+    puts "The giant ape lives!\n";
+else
+    puts "All hail mighty Gamera, friend of children!\n";
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.0
+#-----------------------------
+# http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
+# http://www.perl.com:8001/bad/mojo.html
+# ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/misc/netlib.tar.Z
+# ftp://anonymous@myplace:gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/misc/netlib.tar.Z
+# file:///etc/motd
+#-----------------------------
+# http://mox.perl.com/cgi-bin/program?name=Johann&born=1685
+#-----------------------------
+# http://mox.perl.com/cgi-bin/program
+#-----------------------------
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.1
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w
+# hiweb - load CGI class to decode information given by web server
+
+require 'cgi'
+
+cgi = CGI.new('html3')
+
+# get a parameter from a form
+value = cgi.params['PARAM_NAME'][0]
+
+# output a document
+cgi.out {
+    cgi.html {
+        cgi.head { cgi.title { "Howdy there!" } } +
+            cgi.body { cgi.p { "You typed: " + cgi.tt {
+                    CGI.escapeHTML(value) } } }
+    }
+}
+
+require 'cgi'
+cgi = CGI.new
+who   = cgi.param["Name"][0]     # first param in list
+phone = cgi.param["Number"][0]
+picks = cgi.param["Choices"]     # complete list
+
+print cgi.header( 'type' => 'text/plain',
+                  'expires' => Time.now + (3 * 24 * 60 * 60) )
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.3
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w
+# webwhoami - show web user's id
+require 'etc'
+print "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n"
+print "Running as " + Etc.getpwuid.name + "\n"
+
+# % ruby -wc cgi-script     # just check syntax
+
+# % ruby -w  cgi-script     # params from stdin
+# (offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input)
+# name=joe
+# number=10
+# ^D
+
+# % ruby -w  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # run with mock form input
+# % ruby -d  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # ditto, under the debugger
+
+# POST method script in csh
+# % (setenv HTTP_METHOD POST; ruby -w cgi-script name=joe number=10)
+# POST method script in sh
+# % HTTP_METHOD=POST perl -w cgi-script name=joe number=10
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.4
+# ruby has several security levels, the level "1" is similar to perls taint mode.
+# It can be switched on by providing the -T command line parameter
+# or by setting $SAFE to 1. Setting $SAFE to 2,3 or 4 restricts possible
+# harmful operations further.
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -T
+$SAFE = 1
+File.open(ARGV[0], "w")
+# ruby warns with:
+# taint1.rb:2:in `initialize': Insecure operation - initialize (SecurityError)
+
+$SAFE = 1
+file = ARGV[0]
+unless /^([\w.-]+)$/.match(file)
+    raise "filename #{file} has invalid characters"
+end
+file = $1
+# In ruby, even the back reference from a regular expression stays tainted.
+# you need to explicitly untaint the variable:
+file.untaint
+File.open(file, "w")
+
+# Race condition exists like in perl:
+unless File.exists(filename)        # Wrong because of race condition
+    File.open(filename, "w")
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.8
+url = "http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_ruby/"
+print "Location: #{url}\r\n\r\n"
+exit
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+require 'cgi'
+
+cgi = CGI.new
+oreo = CGI::Cookie.new('name' => 'filling',
+                       'value' => 'vanilla creme',
+                       'expires' => Time.now + (3 * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60),
+                       'domain' => '.pleac.sourceforge.net')
+
+whither = 'http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_ruby/cgiprogramming.html'
+
+cgi.out('cookie' => oreo,
+        'Location' => whither){""}
+
+#!/usr/bin/ruby
+# os_snipe - redirect to a Jargon File entry about current OS
+dir = 'http://www.elsewhere.org/jargon/html/entry'
+
+agent = ENV['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
+
+page = case
+    when agent =~ /Mac/: 'Macintrash.html'
+    when agent =~ /Win(dows )?NT/: 'evil_and_rude.html'
+    when agent =~ /Win|MSIE|WebTV/: 'Microsloth_Windows.html'
+    when agent =~ /Linux/: 'Linux.html'
+    when agent =~ /HP-UX/: 'HP-SUX.html'
+    when agent =~ /SunOS/: 'ScumOS.html'
+    else 'Appendix_B.html'
+end
+
+print "Location: #{dir}/#{page}\n\n"
+
+require 'cgi'
+cgi = CGI.new
+cgi.out('status' => '204 No response'){""}
+# this produces:
+# Status: 204 No response
+# Content-Type: text/html
+# Content-Length: 0
+# <blank line here>
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_19.10
+preference_value = cgi.cookies["preference name"][0]
+
+packed_cookie = CGI::Cookie.new("name" => "preference name",
+                                "value" => "whatever you'd like",
+                                "expires" => Time.local(Time.now.year + 2,
+    Time.now.mon, Time.now.day, Time.now.hour, Time.now.min, Time.now.sec) )
+
+cgi.header("cookie" => [packed_cookie])
+
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w
+# ic_cookies - sample CGI script that uses a cookie
+require 'cgi'
+
+cgi = CGI.new('html3')
+
+cookname = "favorite ice cream"
+favorite = cgi.params["flavor"][0]
+tasty    = cgi.cookies[cookname][0] || 'mint'
+
+unless favorite
+    cgi.out {
+        cgi.html {
+            cgi.head { cgi.title { "Ice Cookies" } } +
+            cgi.body {
+                cgi.h1 { "Hello Ice Cream" } +
+                cgi.hr +
+                cgi.form {
+                    cgi.p { "Please select a flavor: " +
+                            cgi.text_field("flavor", tasty ) }
+                } +
+                cgi.hr
+            }
+        }
+    }
+else
+    cookie = CGI::Cookie.new( "name"    => cookname,
+                              "value"   => favorite,
+                              "expires" => Time.local(Time.now.year + 2,
+Time.now.mon, Time.now.day, Time.now.hour, Time.now.min, Time.now.sec) )
+    cgi.out("cookie" => [cookie]) {
+        cgi.html {
+            cgi.head { cgi.title { "Ice Cookies" } } +
+            cgi.body {
+                cgi.h1 { "Hello Ice Cream" } +
+                cgi.p { "You chose as your favorite flavor `#{favorite}'." }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+end
+
+
+# @@PLEAC@@_20.9
+def templatefile(filename, fillings)
+    aFile = File.new(filename, "r")
+    text = aFile.read()
+    aFile.close()
+    pattern = Regexp.new('%%(.*?)%%')
+    text.gsub!(pattern) {
+        fillings[$1] || ""
+    }
+    text
+end
+
+fields = {
+    'username' => whats_his_name,
+    'count' => login_count,
+    'total' => minutes_used
+}
+puts templatefile('simple.template', fields)
+
+# @@INCOMPLETE@@
+# An example using databases is missing
+
+
diff --git a/test/ruby/pleac.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/pleac.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..571d66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/pleac.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,6368 @@
+comment(# -*- ruby -*-)

+

+comment(# Local variables:)

+comment(#  indent-tabs-mode: nil)

+comment(#  ruby-indent-level: 4)

+comment(# End:)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_NAME)

+comment(# @@SKIP@@ Ruby)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_WEB)

+comment(# @@SKIP@@ http://www.ruby-lang.org)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.0)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(\\n)delimiter(')>                     comment(# two characters, \\ and an n)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jon )char(\\')content(Maddog)char(\\')content( Orwant)delimiter(')>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>                     comment(# a "newline" character)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jon )char(\\")content(Maddog)char(\\")content( Orwant)delimiter(")>  comment(# literal double quotes)

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q/)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(/)>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q[)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(])>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q{)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(})>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(\))>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q<)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(>)>  comment(# literal single quotes)

+

+ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<"EOF")>string<content(

+This is a multiline here document

+terminated by EOF on a line by itself)delimiter(

+EOF)>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.1)

+ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(,)ident(count)operator(])

+ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

+

+ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(,)ident(count)operator(]) operator(=) ident(newstring)

+ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])   operator(=) ident(newtail)

+

+comment(# in Ruby we can also specify intervals by their two offsets)

+ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)ident(offs2)operator(])

+ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)ident(offs2)operator(]) operator(=) ident(newstring)

+

+ident(leading)operator(,) ident(s1)operator(,) ident(s2)operator(,) ident(trailing) operator(=) ident(data)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A5 x3 A8 A8 A*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(fivers) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A5)delimiter(")> operator(*) operator(()ident(string)operator(.)ident(length)operator(/)integer(5)operator(\))operator(\))

+

+ident(chars) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A1)delimiter(")> operator(*) ident(string)operator(.)ident(length)operator(\))

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(This is what you have)delimiter(")>

+comment(#        +012345678901234567890  Indexing forwards  (left to right\))

+comment(#         109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left\))

+comment(#          note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above)

+

+ident(first)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])       comment(# "T")

+ident(start)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])       comment(# "is")

+ident(rest)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(13)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])     comment(# "you have")

+ident(last)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])      comment(# "e")

+ident(end_)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(4)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])     comment(# "have")

+ident(piece)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(8)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])      comment(# "you")

+

+ident(string)operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(wasn't)delimiter(")>     comment(# change "is" to "wasn't")

+ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(12)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ondrous)delimiter(")> comment(# "This wasn't wondrous")

+ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>           comment(# delete first character)

+ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(10)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])  operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>       comment(# delete last 10 characters)

+

+reserved(if) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(10)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Pattern matches in last 10 characters)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(5)operator(])operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(is)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(at)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(make a hat)delimiter(")>

+ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])

+

+ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(To be or not to be)delimiter(")>

+ident(b) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(x6 A6)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(b)operator(,) ident(c) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(x6 A2 X5 A2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)delimiter(})>char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(def) method(cut2fmt)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+    ident(template) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+    ident(lastpos)  operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(for) ident(place) reserved(in) ident(args)

+        ident(template) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")> operator(+) operator(()ident(place) operator(-) ident(lastpos)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+        ident(lastpos)   operator(=) ident(place)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(template) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(A*)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(return) ident(template)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(fmt) operator(=) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(14)operator(,) integer(20)operator(,) integer(26)operator(,) integer(30)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.2)

+comment(# careful! "b is true" doesn't mean "b != 0" (0 is true in Ruby\))

+comment(# thus no problem of "defined" later since only nil is false)

+comment(# the following sets to `c' if `b' is nil or false)

+ident(a) operator(=) ident(b) operator(||) ident(c)

+

+comment(# if you need Perl's behaviour (setting to `c' if `b' is 0\) the most)

+comment(# effective way is to use Numeric#nonzero? (thanks to Dave Thomas!\))

+ident(a) operator(=) ident(b)operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(c)

+

+comment(# you will still want to use defined? in order to test)

+comment(# for scope existence of a given object)

+ident(a) operator(=) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(b)operator(\)) operator(?) ident(b) operator(:) ident(c)

+

+ident(dir) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content(/tmp)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.3)

+ident(v1)operator(,) ident(v2) operator(=) ident(v2)operator(,) ident(v1)

+

+ident(alpha)operator(,) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(January March August)delimiter(\))>

+ident(alpha)operator(,) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production) operator(=) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production)operator(,) ident(alpha)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.4)

+ident(num) operator(=) ident(char)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(char) operator(=) ident(num)operator(.)ident(chr)

+

+comment(# Ruby also supports having a char from character constant)

+ident(num) operator(=) integer(?r)

+

+ident(char) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%c)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(\))

+ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)operator(\))

+

+ident(ascii) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(string) operator(=) ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(hal) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(HAL)delimiter(")>

+ident(ascii) operator(=) ident(hal)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# We can't use Array#each since we can't mutate a Fixnum)

+ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+    ident(i) operator(+) integer(1)                         comment(# add one to each ASCII value)

+operator(})                

+ident(ibm) operator(=) ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(puts) ident(ibm)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.5)

+ident(array) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(array) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(b)operator(|)

+    comment(# do something with b)

+operator(})

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(an apple a day)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(unique chars are: )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(uniq)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

+reserved(for) ident(ascval) reserved(in) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\)) comment(# or use Array#each for a pure OO style :\))

+    ident(sum) operator(+)operator(=) ident(ascval)

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(sum is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sum) operator(&) integer(0xffffffff)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> comment(# since Ruby will go Bignum if necessary)

+

+comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/slowcat.rb)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.6)

+ident(revbytes) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(reverse)

+

+ident(revwords) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(revwords) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\s)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(join)

+

+comment(# using the fact that IO is Enumerable, you can directly "select" it)

+ident(long_palindromes) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/share/dict/words)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)

+    ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|) ident(w)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(;) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(==) ident(w) operator(&&) ident(w)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(5) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.7)

+reserved(while) ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\t)content(+)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')> operator(*) operator(()global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(length) operator(*) integer(8) operator(-) global_variable($`)operator(.)ident(length) operator(%) integer(8)operator(\)) operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.8)

+string<delimiter(')content(You owe #{debt} to me)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\#)content({()char(\\w)content(+\)})delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) ident(eval)operator(()global_variable($1)operator(\)) operator(})

+

+ident(rows)operator(,) ident(cols) operator(=) integer(24)operator(,) integer(80)

+ident(text) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(I am #{rows} high and #{cols} long)delimiter(\))>

+ident(text)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\#)content({()char(\\w)content(+\)})delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(})

+ident(puts) ident(text)

+

+string<delimiter(')content(I am 17 years old)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) integer(2) operator(*) global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.9)

+ident(e) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(bo peep)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(upcase)

+ident(e)operator(.)ident(downcase!)

+ident(e)operator(.)ident(capitalize!)

+

+string<delimiter(")content(thIS is a loNG liNE)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\w)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(capitalize) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.10)

+string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)operator(+)integer(1)delimiter(})>content( guanacos.)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(n)operator(+)integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( guanacos.)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.11)

+ident(var) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<'EOF')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

+    your text

+    goes here)delimiter(

+EOF)>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.12)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Folding and splicing is the work of an editor,)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+)

+    string<delimiter(")content(not a mere collection of silicon)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+) 

+    string<delimiter(")content(and)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+)

+    string<delimiter(")content(mobile electrons!)delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(def) method(wrap)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(max_size)operator(\))

+    ident(all) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+    reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) ident(str)operator(.)ident(split)

+        reserved(if) operator(()ident(line)operator(+)ident(l)operator(\))operator(.)ident(length) operator(>)operator(=) ident(max_size)

+            ident(all)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+            ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(line) operator(+)operator(=) ident(line) operator(==) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(?) ident(l) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(l)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(all)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(print) ident(wrap)operator(()ident(string)operator(,) integer(20)operator(\))

+comment(#=> Folding and )

+comment(#=> splicing is the )

+comment(#=> work of an editor, )

+comment(#=> not a mere )

+comment(#=> collection of )

+comment(#=> silicon and mobile )

+comment(#=> electrons!)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.13)

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(Mom said, "Don't do that.")delimiter(\))>

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(['"])delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(['"])delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\&)content(\\&)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([^A-Z])delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})

+string<delimiter(")content(is a test!)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\W)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})  comment(# no function like quotemeta?)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.14)

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(strip!)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.15)

+reserved(def) method(parse_csv)operator(()ident(text)operator(\))

+    ident(new) operator(=) ident(text)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content("([^)char(\\")char(\\\\)content(]*(?:)char(\\\\)content(.[^)char(\\")char(\\\\)content(]*\)*\)",?|([^,]+\),?|,)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+    ident(new) operator(<<) pre_constant(nil) reserved(if) ident(text)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) integer(?,)

+    ident(new)operator(.)ident(flatten)operator(.)ident(compact)

+reserved(end)  

+

+ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q<)content(XYZZY,"","O'Reilly, Inc","Wall, Larry","a )content(\\")content(glug)content(\\")content( bit,",5,"Error, Core Dumped")delimiter(>)>

+ident(fields) operator(=) ident(parse_csv)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+ident(fields)operator(.)ident(each_with_index) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(,)ident(i)operator(|)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.16)

+comment(# Use the soundex.rb Library from Michael Neumann.)

+comment(# http://www.s-direktnet.de/homepages/neumann/rb_prgs/Soundex.rb)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Soundex)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(code) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(string)operator(\))

+ident(codes) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(array)operator(\))

+

+comment(# substitution function for getpwent(\):)

+comment(# returns an array of user entries,)

+comment(# each entry contains the username and the full name)

+reserved(def) method(login_names)

+    ident(result) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+            reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(line)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+            ident(cols) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+            ident(result)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()operator([)ident(cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(cols)operator([)integer(4)operator(])operator(])operator(\))

+        operator(})

+    operator(})

+    ident(result)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Lookup user: )delimiter(")>

+ident(user) operator(=) constant(STDIN)operator(.)ident(gets)

+ident(user)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

+ident(exit) reserved(unless) ident(user)

+ident(name_code) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

+

+ident(splitter) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(()content(\\w)content(+\)[^,]*)content(\\b)content(()content(\\w)content(+\))delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(for) ident(username)operator(,) ident(fullname) reserved(in) ident(login_names) reserved(do)

+    ident(firstname)operator(,) ident(lastname) operator(=) ident(splitter)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(fullname)operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(])

+    reserved(if) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(username)operator(\))

+        operator(||) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(firstname)operator(\))

+        operator(||) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(lastname)operator(\))

+    reserved(then)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(username)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(firstname)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lastname)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.17)

+comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/fixstyle.rb)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.18)

+comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/psgrep.rb)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.1)

+comment(# Matz tells that you can use Integer(\) for strict checked conversion.)

+constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(abc)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "abc" (ArgumentError\))

+constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(567)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#=> 567)

+

+comment(# You may use Float(\) for floating point stuff)

+constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(56.7)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "56.7" (ArgumentError\))

+constant(Float)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(56.7)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#=> 56.7)

+

+comment(# You may also use a regexp for that)

+reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^[+-]?)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is an integer)delimiter(')>

+reserved(else)

+    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is not)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^-?(?:)char(\\d)content(+(?:)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(*\)?|)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is a decimal number)delimiter(')>

+reserved(else)

+    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is not)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.2)

+comment(# equal(num1, num2, accuracy\) : returns true if num1 and num2 are)

+comment(#   equal to accuracy number of decimal places)

+reserved(def) method(equal)operator(()ident(i)operator(,) ident(j)operator(,) ident(a)operator(\))

+    ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(g)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(i)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(g)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(j)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(wage) operator(=) integer(536)                        comment(# $5.36/hour)

+ident(week) operator(=) integer(40) operator(*) ident(wage)                  comment(# $214.40)

+ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(One week's wage is: )char(\\$)content(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(week)operator(/)float(100.0)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.3)

+ident(num)operator(.)ident(round)                         comment(# rounds to integer)

+

+ident(a) operator(=) float(0.255)

+ident(b) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.2f)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)operator(\))

+ident(print)  string<delimiter(")content(Unrounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(Rounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(Unrounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(Rounded: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(number)char(\\t)content(int)char(\\t)content(floor)char(\\t)content(ceil)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([) float(3.3) operator(,) float(3.5) operator(,) float(3.7)operator(,) operator(-)float(3.3) operator(])

+reserved(for) ident(n) reserved(in) ident(a)

+    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)  comment(# at least I don't fake my output :\))

+           ident(n)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(floor)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(ceil)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.4)

+reserved(def) method(dec2bin)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    operator([)ident(n)operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(N)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(B32)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^0+(?=)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(bin2dec)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    operator([)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(0)delimiter(")>operator(*)integer(32)operator(+)ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(\))operator([)operator(-)integer(32)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(B32)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(N)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.5)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(x) operator(..) ident(y)

+    comment(# i is set to every integer from x to y, inclusive)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(x)operator(.)ident(step)operator(()ident(y)operator(,)integer(7)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+    comment(# i is set to every integer from x to y, stepsize = 7)

+operator(})

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Infancy is: )delimiter(")>

+operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(2)operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.6)

+comment(# We can add conversion methods to the Integer class,)

+comment(# this makes a roman number just a representation for normal numbers.)

+reserved(class) class(Integer)

+    

+    class_variable(@@romanlist) operator(=) operator([)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(M)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(1000)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(CM)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(900)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(D)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(500)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(CD)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(400)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(C)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(100)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(XC)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(90)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(L)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(50)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(XL)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(40)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(X)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(10)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(IX)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(9)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(V)delimiter(")>operator(,)    integer(5)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(IV)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(4)operator(])operator(,)

+                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(I)delimiter(")>operator(,)    integer(1)operator(])operator(])

+    

+    reserved(def) method(to_roman)

+        ident(remains) operator(=) pre_constant(self)

+        ident(roman) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+        reserved(for) ident(sym)operator(,) ident(num) reserved(in) class_variable(@@romanlist)

+            reserved(while) ident(remains) operator(>)operator(=) ident(num)

+                ident(remains) operator(-)operator(=) ident(num)

+                ident(roman) operator(<<) ident(sym)

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(roman)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(roman)operator(\))

+        ident(ustr) operator(=) ident(roman)operator(.)ident(upcase)

+        ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

+        reserved(for) ident(entry) reserved(in) class_variable(@@romanlist)

+            ident(sym)operator(,) ident(num) operator(=) ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(entry)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+            reserved(while) ident(sym) operator(==) ident(ustr)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) ident(sym)operator(.)ident(length)operator(])

+                ident(sum) operator(+)operator(=) ident(num)

+                ident(ustr)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(sym)operator(.)ident(length)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(sum)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+reserved(end)

+

+

+ident(roman_fifteen) operator(=) integer(15)operator(.)ident(to_roman)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Roman for fifteen is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(roman_fifteen)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(i) operator(=) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(roman_fifteen)operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Converted back, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(roman_fifteen)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# check)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(3900)operator(\))

+    ident(r) operator(=) ident(i)operator(.)ident(to_roman)

+    ident(j) operator(=) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(r)operator(\))

+    reserved(if) ident(i) operator(!)operator(=) ident(j)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(r)delimiter(})>content( - )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(j)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.7)

+ident(random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(y)operator(-)ident(x)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\))operator(+)ident(x)

+

+ident(chars) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(Z)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(a)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(z)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(0)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(9)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(r)operator(|) ident(r)operator(.)ident(to_a) operator(})operator(.)ident(join) operator(+) string<delimiter(%q()content(!@$%^&*)delimiter(\))>

+ident(password) operator(=) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(8)operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) ident(chars)operator([)ident(rand)operator(()ident(chars)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.8)

+ident(srand)        comment(# uses a combination of the time, the process id, and a sequence number)

+ident(srand)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))   comment(# for repeatable behaviour)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.9)

+comment(# from the randomr lib: )

+comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/)

+operator(-)operator(-)operator(-)operator(-)operator(>) ident(http)symbol(:/)operator(/)ident(raa)operator(.)ident(ruby)operator(-)ident(lang)operator(.)ident(org)operator(/)ident(project)operator(/)ident(randomr)operator(/)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(random/mersenne_twister)delimiter(')>

+ident(mers) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(MersenneTwister)operator(.)ident(new) integer(123456789)

+ident(puts) ident(mers)operator(.)ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))    comment(# 0.550321932544541)

+ident(puts) ident(mers)operator(.)ident(rand)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))   comment(# 2)

+

+comment(# using online sources of random data via the realrand package:)

+comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/realrand/)

+comment(# **Note**)

+comment(# The following online services are used in this package:)

+comment(#   http://www.random.org - source: atmospheric noise )

+comment(#   http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits - source: radioactive decay timings)

+comment(#   http://random.hd.org - source: entropy from local and network noise)

+comment(# Please visit the sites and respect the rules of each service.)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(random/online)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(generator1) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(RandomOrg)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(puts) ident(generator1)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(puts) ident(generator1)operator(.)ident(randnum)operator(()integer(10)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# Roll dice 10 times.)

+

+ident(generator2) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(FourmiLab)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(puts) ident(generator2)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# randnum is not supported.)

+

+ident(generator3) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(EntropyPool)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(puts) ident(generator3)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# randnum is not supported.)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.10)

+reserved(def) method(gaussian_rand)

+    reserved(begin)

+        ident(u1) operator(=) integer(2) operator(*) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)

+        ident(u2) operator(=) integer(2) operator(*) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)

+        ident(w) operator(=) ident(u1)operator(*)ident(u1) operator(+) ident(u2)operator(*)ident(u2)

+    reserved(end) reserved(while) operator(()ident(w) operator(>)operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))

+    ident(w) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()operator(()operator(-)integer(2)operator(*)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(w)operator(\))operator(\))operator(/)ident(w)operator(\))

+    operator([) ident(u2)operator(*)ident(w)operator(,) ident(u1)operator(*)ident(w) operator(])

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(mean) operator(=) integer(25)

+ident(sdev) operator(=) integer(2)

+ident(salary) operator(=) ident(gaussian_rand)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(*) ident(sdev) operator(+) ident(mean)

+ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(You have been hired at )char(\\$)content(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(salary)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.11)

+reserved(def) method(deg2rad)operator(()ident(d)operator(\))

+    operator(()ident(d)operator(/)float(180.0)operator(\))operator(*)constant(Math)operator(::)constant(PI)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(rad2deg)operator(()ident(r)operator(\))

+    operator(()ident(r)operator(/)constant(Math)operator(::)constant(PI)operator(\))operator(*)integer(180)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.12)

+ident(sin_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sin)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

+ident(cos_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(cos)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

+ident(tan_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(tan)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

+

+comment(# AFAIK Ruby's Math module doesn't provide acos/asin)

+comment(# While we're at it, let's also define missing hyperbolic functions)

+reserved(module) class(Math)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(asin)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(x)operator(,) ident(sqrt)operator(()integer(1) operator(-) ident(x)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(acos)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(sqrt)operator(()integer(1) operator(-) ident(x)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))operator(,) ident(x)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(atan)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(x)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sinh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        operator(()ident(exp)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(-) ident(exp)operator(()operator(-)ident(x)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) integer(2)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(cosh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        operator(()ident(exp)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(exp)operator(()operator(-)ident(x)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) integer(2)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(tanh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+        ident(sinh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(cosh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# The support for Complex numbers is not built-in)

+ident(y) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(acos)operator(()float(3.7)operator(\))

+comment(#=> in `sqrt': square root for negative number (ArgumentError\))

+

+comment(# There is an implementation of Complex numbers in 'complex.rb' in current)

+comment(# Ruby distro, but it doesn't support atan2 with complex args, so it doesn't)

+comment(# solve this problem.)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.13)

+ident(log_e) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+ident(log_10) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log10)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+

+reserved(def) method(log_base)operator(()ident(base)operator(,) ident(val)operator(\))

+    constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))operator(/)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(base)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(answer) operator(=) ident(log_base)operator(()integer(10)operator(,) integer(10_000)operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(log10(10,000\) = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(answer)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.14)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(matrix.rb)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(a) operator(=) constant(Matrix)operator([)operator([)integer(3)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(9)operator(,) integer(8)operator(])operator(])

+ident(b) operator(=) constant(Matrix)operator([)operator([)integer(4)operator(,) integer(7)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(9)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(8)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(])

+ident(c) operator(=) ident(a) operator(*) ident(b)

+

+ident(a)operator(.)ident(row_size)

+ident(a)operator(.)ident(column_size)

+

+ident(c)operator(.)ident(det)

+ident(a)operator(.)ident(transpose)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.15)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(complex.rb)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rational.rb)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(a) operator(=) constant(Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))              comment(# 3 + 5i)

+ident(b) operator(=) constant(Complex)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) operator(-)integer(2)operator(\))             comment(# 2 - 2i)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(c = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator(*)ident(b)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+ident(c) operator(=) ident(a) operator(*) ident(b)

+ident(d) operator(=) integer(3) operator(+) integer(4)operator(*)constant(Complex)operator(::)constant(I)

+

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(sqrt()inline<delimiter(#{)ident(d)delimiter(})>content(\) = %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(d)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.16)

+ident(number) operator(=) ident(hexadecimal)operator(.)ident(hex)

+ident(number) operator(=) ident(octal)operator(.)ident(oct)

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: )delimiter(")>

+ident(num) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+ident(exit) reserved(unless) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(num)operator(\))

+ident(num) operator(=) ident(num)operator(.)ident(oct) reserved(if) ident(num) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^0)delimiter(/)>  comment(# does both oct and hex  )

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%d %x %o)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Enter file permission in octal: )delimiter(")>

+ident(permissions) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Exiting ...)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(permissions)operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The decimal value is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(permissions)operator(.)ident(oct)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.17)

+reserved(def) method(commify)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([^)char(\\.)content(]*\)()char(\\.)content(.*\)?)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(int)operator(,) ident(dec) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(,) global_variable($2) operator(?) global_variable($2) operator(:) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+    reserved(while) ident(int)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((,|)char(\\.)content(|^\)()char(\\d)content({3}\)()char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)content(\\2)content(,)content(\\3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(int)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(+) ident(dec)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.18)

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(It took %d hour%s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(time)operator(,) ident(time) operator(==) integer(1) operator(?) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")content(s)delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# dunno if an equivalent to Lingua::EN::Inflect exists...)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.19)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# bigfact - calculating prime factors)

+reserved(def) method(factorize)operator(()ident(orig)operator(\))

+    ident(factors) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+    ident(factors)operator(.)ident(default) operator(=) integer(0)     comment(# return 0 instead nil if key not found in hash)

+    ident(n) operator(=) ident(orig)

+    ident(i) operator(=) integer(2)

+    ident(sqi) operator(=) integer(4)                 comment(# square of i)

+    reserved(while) ident(sqi) operator(<=) ident(n) reserved(do)

+        reserved(while) ident(n)operator(.)ident(modulo)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(0) reserved(do)

+            ident(n) regexp<delimiter(/)content(= i

+            factors[i] += 1

+            # puts "Found factor )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content("

+        end

+        # we take advantage of the fact that (i +1\)**2 = i**2 + 2*i +1

+        sqi += 2 * i + 1

+        i += 1

+    end

+    

+    if (n != 1\) && (n != orig\)

+        factors[n] += 1

+    end

+    factors

+end

+

+def printfactorhash(orig, factorcount\)

+    print format("%-10d ", orig\)

+    if factorcount.length == 0

+        print "PRIME"

+    else

+        # sorts after number, because the hash keys are numbers

+        factorcount.sort.each { |factor,exponent|

+            print factor

+            if exponent > 1

+                print "**", exponent

+            end

+            print " "

+        }

+    end

+    puts

+end

+

+for arg in ARGV

+    n = arg.to_i

+    mfactors = factorize(n\)

+    printfactorhash(n, mfactors\)

+end

+#-----------------------------

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.0

+puts Time.now

+

+print "Today is day ", Time.now.yday, " of the current year.)char(\\n)content("

+print "Today is day ", Time.now.day, " of the current month.)char(\\n)content("

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.1

+day, month, year = Time.now.day, Time.now.month, Time.now.year

+# or

+day, month, year = Time.now.to_a[3..5]

+

+tl = Time.now.localtime

+printf("The current date is %04d %02d %02d)char(\\n)content(", tl.year, tl.month, tl.day\)

+

+Time.now.localtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"\)

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.2

+Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, second\).tv_sec

+Time.gm(year, month, day, hour, minute, second\).tv_sec

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.3

+sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone = Time.at(epoch_secs\).to_a

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.4

+when_ = now + difference         # now -> Time ; difference -> Numeric (delta in seconds\)

+then_ = now - difference

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_3.5

+bree = 361535725

+nat  =  96201950

+

+difference = bree - nat

+puts "There were )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(difference)delimiter(})>content( seconds between Nat and Bree"

+

+seconds    =  difference % 60

+difference = (difference - seconds\) )delimiter(/)> integer(60)

+ident(minutes)    operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(60)

+ident(difference) operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(minutes)operator(\)) operator(/) integer(60)

+ident(hours)      operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(24)

+ident(difference) operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(hours)operator(\))   operator(/) integer(24)

+ident(days)       operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(7)

+ident(weeks)      operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(days)operator(\))    operator(/)  integer(7)

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(()inline<delimiter(#{)ident(weeks)delimiter(})>content( weeks, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(days)delimiter(})>content( days, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(hours)delimiter(})>content(:)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minutes)delimiter(})>content(:)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(seconds)delimiter(})>content(\))delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.6)

+ident(monthday)operator(,) ident(weekday)operator(,) ident(yearday) operator(=) ident(date)operator(.)ident(mday)operator(,) ident(date)operator(.)ident(wday)operator(,) ident(date)operator(.)ident(yday)

+

+comment(# AFAIK the week number is not just a division since week boundaries are on sundays)

+ident(weeknum) operator(=) ident(d)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%U)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

+

+ident(year)  operator(=) integer(1981)

+ident(month) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(jun)delimiter(")>                     comment(# or `6' if you want to emulate a broken language)

+ident(day)   operator(=) integer(16)

+ident(t) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()ident(year)operator(,) ident(month)operator(,) ident(day)operator(\))

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(month)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(day)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(year)delimiter(})>content( was a )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(t)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%A)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.7)

+ident(yyyy)operator(,) ident(mm)operator(,) ident(dd) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(,) global_variable($2)operator(,) global_variable($3) reserved(if) string<delimiter(")content(1998-06-25)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\)-()char(\\d)content(+\)-()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>

+

+ident(epoch_seconds) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()ident(yyyy)operator(,) ident(mm)operator(,) ident(dd)operator(\))operator(.)ident(tv_sec)

+

+comment(# dunno an equivalent to Date::Manip#ParseDate)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.8)

+ident(string) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(at)operator(()ident(epoch_secs)operator(\))

+constant(Time)operator(.)ident(at)operator(()integer(1234567890)operator(\))operator(.)ident(gmtime)        comment(# gives: Fri Feb 13 23:31:30 UTC 2009)

+

+ident(time) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()integer(1973)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(jan)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(\))

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(In localtime it gives: )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(time)operator(.)ident(localtime)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.9)

+comment(# Ruby provides micro-seconds in Time object)

+constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(usec)

+

+comment(# Ruby gives the seconds in floating format when substracting two Time objects)

+ident(before) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)

+ident(line) operator(=) ident(gets)

+ident(elapsed) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(-) ident(before)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You took )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(elapsed)delimiter(})>content( seconds.)delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# On my Celeron-400 with Linux-2.2.19-14mdk, average for three execs are:)

+comment(#   This Ruby version:       average 0.00321 sec)

+comment(#   Cookbook's Perl version: average 0.00981 sec)

+ident(size) operator(=) integer(500)

+ident(number_of_times) operator(=) integer(100)

+ident(total_time) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(number_of_times)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

+    comment(# populate array)

+    ident(array) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    ident(size)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) ident(array) operator(<<) ident(rand) operator(})

+    comment(# sort it)

+    ident(begin_) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)

+    ident(array)operator(.)ident(sort!)

+    ident(time) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(-) ident(begin_)

+    ident(total_time) operator(+)operator(=) ident(time)

+operator(})

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    ident(size)operator(,) operator(()ident(total_time)operator(/)constant(Float)operator(()ident(number_of_times)operator(\))operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.10)

+ident(sleep)operator(()float(0.005)operator(\))                      comment(# Ruby is definitely not as broken as Perl :\))

+comment(# (may be interrupted by sending the process a SIGALRM\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.11)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# hopdelta - feed mail header, produce lines)

+comment(#            showing delay at each hop.)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(time)delimiter(')>

+reserved(class) class(MailHopDelta)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(mail)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@head) operator(=) ident(mail)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@topline) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w-)content(Sender Recipient Time Delta)delimiter(-)>

+        instance_variable(@start_from) operator(=) ident(mail)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From.*)char(\\@)content(([^)char(\\s)content(>]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+        instance_variable(@date) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(mail)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^Date:)char(\\s)content(+(.*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(out)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+         string<delimiter(")content(%-20.20s %-20.20s %-20.20s  %s)delimiter(")> operator(%) ident(line)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(hop_date)operator(()ident(day)operator(\))

+        ident(day)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%I:%M:%S %Y/%m/%d)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(puts_hops)

+        ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()instance_variable(@topline)operator(\)) 

+        ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(')content(Start)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@start_from)operator(,) ident(hop_date)operator(()instance_variable(@date)operator(\))operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@head)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^Received:)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(hop)operator(|)

+            ident(hop)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(on (.*?\) (id.*\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(; )content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+            ident(whence) operator(=) ident(hop)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(;)char(\\s)content(+(.*\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+            reserved(unless) ident(whence)

+                ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(Bad received line: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(hop)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+                reserved(next)

+            reserved(end)

+            ident(from) operator(=) global_variable($+) reserved(if) ident(hop) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(from)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(+\)|)char(\\()content((.*?\))char(\\\))delimiter(/)>

+            ident(by)   operator(=) global_variable($1) reserved(if) ident(hop) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(by)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(+)char(\\.)char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>

+            reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(now) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(whence)operator(\))operator(.)ident(localtime)

+            ident(delta) operator(=) ident(now) operator(-) instance_variable(@date)

+            ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()operator([)ident(from)operator(,) ident(by)operator(,) ident(hop_date)operator(()ident(now)operator(\))operator(,) ident(hop_time)operator(()ident(delta)operator(\))operator(])operator(\))

+            instance_variable(@date) operator(=) ident(now)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(hop_time)operator(()ident(secs)operator(\))

+        ident(sign) operator(=) ident(secs) operator(<) integer(0) operator(?) operator(-)integer(1) operator(:) integer(1)

+        ident(days)operator(,) ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)operator(\))

+        ident(hours)operator(,)ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60) operator(*) integer(60)operator(\))

+        ident(mins)operator(,) ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60)operator(\))

+        ident(rtn) operator(=)  string<delimiter(")content(%3ds)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(secs)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(])

+        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dm)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(mins)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(mins)  operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)

+        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dh)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(hours) operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(hours) operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)

+        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dd)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(days)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(days)  operator(!)operator(=) integer(0) 

+        ident(rtn)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+ident(mail) operator(=) constant(MailHopDelta)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\))operator(.)ident(puts_hops)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.0)

+ident(single_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(])

+

+comment(# Ruby directly supports nested arrays)

+ident(double_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(]) operator(])

+ident(still_single_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(]) operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.1)

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(quick)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(brown)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(fox)delimiter(")> operator(])

+ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Why are you teasing me?)delimiter(\))>

+

+ident(lines) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<"END_OF_HERE_DOC")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(*(.+\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

+    The boy stood on the burning deck,

+    It was as hot as glass.)delimiter(

+END_OF_HERE_DOC)>

+

+ident(bigarray) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(mydatafile)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l)operator(.)ident(chomp) operator(})

+

+ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Gandalf)delimiter(")>

+ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(%Q()content(Speak, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content(, and welcome!)delimiter(\))>

+

+ident(host_info)  operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(host )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(his_host)delimiter(})>delimiter(`)>

+

+shell<delimiter(%x()content(ps )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($$)delimiter(})>delimiter(\))>

+

+ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Costs only $4.95)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(rax) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w!)content( ( \) < > { } [ ] )delimiter(!)>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.2)

+reserved(def) method(commify_series)operator(()ident(arr)operator(\))

+    reserved(return) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> reserved(if) reserved(not) ident(arr)

+    reserved(case) ident(arr)operator(.)ident(size)

+        reserved(when) integer(0) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+        reserved(when) integer(1) reserved(then) ident(arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+        reserved(when) integer(2) reserved(then) ident(arr)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( and )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        reserved(else) ident(arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(..)operator(-)integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(, and )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(arr)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(array) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(red)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(green)delimiter(")> operator(])

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(array)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles)

+

+comment(# But unlike Perl:)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(array)delimiter(})>content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles)

+comment(# So, needs:)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(array)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(# -> I have red yellow green marbles)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# communify_series - show proper comma insertion in list output)

+

+reserved(def) method(commify_series)operator(()ident(arr)operator(\))

+    reserved(return) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> reserved(if) reserved(not) ident(arr)

+    ident(sepchar) operator(=) ident(arr)operator(.)ident(find) operator({) operator(|)ident(p)operator(|) ident(p) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(,)delimiter(/)> operator(}) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(; )delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>

+    reserved(case) ident(arr)operator(.)ident(size)

+        reserved(when) integer(0) reserved(then) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+        reserved(when) integer(1) reserved(then) ident(arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+        reserved(when) integer(2) reserved(then) ident(arr)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( and )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        reserved(else) ident(arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(..)operator(-)integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(join)operator(()ident(sepchar)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(sepchar) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(and )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(arr)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(lists) operator(=) operator([)

+    operator([) string<delimiter(')content(just one thing)delimiter(')> operator(])operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(%w()content(Mutt Jeff)delimiter(\))>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(%w()content(Peter Paul Mary)delimiter(\))>operator(,)

+    operator([) string<delimiter(')content(To our parents)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Mother Theresa)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(God)delimiter(')> operator(])operator(,)

+    operator([) string<delimiter(')content(pastrami)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(ham and cheese)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(peanut butter and jelly)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(tuna)delimiter(')> operator(])operator(,)

+    operator([) string<delimiter(')content(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')> operator(])operator(,)

+    operator([) string<delimiter(')content(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+      string<delimiter(')content(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+      string<delimiter(')content(sleep and dream peacefully)delimiter(')> operator(])operator(,)

+operator(])

+

+reserved(for) ident(list) reserved(in) ident(lists) reserved(do)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The list is: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(commify_series)operator(()ident(list)operator(\))delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.3)

+comment(#   (note: AFAIK Ruby doesn't allow gory change of Array length\))

+comment(# grow the array by assigning nil to past the end of array)

+ident(ary)operator([)ident(new_size)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+comment(# shrink the array by slicing it down)

+ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()ident(new_size)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

+comment(# init the array with given size)

+constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(number_of_elems)operator(\))

+comment(# assign to an element past the original end enlarges the array)

+ident(ary)operator([)ident(index_new_last_elem)operator(]) operator(=) ident(value)

+

+reserved(def) method(what_about_that_array)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(The array now has )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( elements.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+    comment(# Index of last element is not really interesting in Ruby)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Element #3 is `)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator([)integer(3)operator(])delimiter(})>content('.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(people) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Crosby Stills Nash Young)delimiter(\))>

+ident(what_about_that_array)operator(()ident(people)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.4)

+comment(# OO style)

+ident(bad_users)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(user)operator(|)

+    ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

+operator(})

+comment(# or, functional style)

+reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(bad_users)

+    ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(var) reserved(in) constant(ENV)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)delimiter(})>content(=)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(ENV)operator([)ident(var)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(all_users)

+    ident(disk_space) operator(=) ident(get_usage)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

+    reserved(if) operator(()ident(disk_space) operator(>) constant(MAX_QUOTA)operator(\))

+        ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(who)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(readlines)

+    ident(print) ident(l) reserved(if) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^gc)delimiter(/)> 

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# we can mimic the obfuscated Perl way)

+reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)               comment(# $_ is set to the line just read)

+    ident(chomp)                   comment(# $_ has a trailing \\n removed, if it had one)

+    ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|)        comment(# $_ is split on whitespace)

+                            comment(# but $_ is not set to each chunk as in Perl)

+        ident(print) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+comment(# ...or use a cleaner way)

+reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(readlines)

+    ident(l)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|) ident(print) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# same drawback as in problem 1.4, we can't mutate a Numeric...)

+ident(array)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v) operator(-) integer(1) operator(})

+

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([) operator(.)integer(5)operator(,) integer(3) operator(])operator(;) ident(b) operator(=) operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1) operator(])

+reserved(for) ident(ary) reserved(in) operator([) ident(a)operator(,) ident(b) operator(])

+    ident(ary)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v) operator(*) integer(7) operator(})

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# we can mutate Strings, cool; we need a trick for the scalar)

+reserved(for) ident(ary) reserved(in) operator([) operator([) ident(scalar) operator(])operator(,) ident(array)operator(,) ident(hash)operator(.)ident(values) operator(])

+    ident(ary)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(strip!) operator(})     comment(# String#strip rules :\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.5)

+comment(# not relevant in Ruby since we have always references)

+reserved(for) ident(item) reserved(in) ident(array)

+    comment(# do somethingh with item)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.6)

+ident(unique) operator(=) ident(list)operator(.)ident(uniq)

+

+comment(# generate a list of users logged in, removing duplicates)

+ident(users) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(;) global_variable($1) operator(})operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(uniq)

+ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(users logged in: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(commify_series)operator(()ident(users)operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# see 4.2 for commify_series)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.7)

+ident(a) operator(-) ident(b)

+comment(# [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  ->  [3, 5])

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.8)

+ident(union) operator(=) ident(a) operator(|) ident(b)

+ident(intersection) operator(=) ident(a) operator(&) ident(b)

+ident(difference) operator(=) ident(a) operator(-) ident(b)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.9)

+ident(array1)operator(.)ident(concat)operator(()ident(array2)operator(\))

+comment(# if you will assign to another object, better use:)

+ident(new_ary) operator(=) ident(array1) operator(+) ident(array2)

+

+ident(members) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Time)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Flies)delimiter(")> operator(])

+ident(initiates) operator(=)  operator([) string<delimiter(")content(An)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Arrow)delimiter(")> operator(])

+ident(members) operator(+)operator(=) ident(initiates)

+

+ident(members) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Time)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Flies)delimiter(")> operator(])

+ident(initiates) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(An)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Arrow)delimiter(")> operator(])

+ident(members)operator([)integer(2)operator(,)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Like)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(initiates) operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten)

+

+ident(members)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Fruit)delimiter(")>

+ident(members)operator([)integer(3)operator(,)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Banana)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.10)

+ident(reversed) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(reverse)

+

+ident(ary)operator(.)ident(reverse_each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)

+    comment(# do something with e)

+operator(})

+

+ident(descending) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(reverse)

+ident(descending) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b) operator(<=>) ident(a) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.11)

+comment(# remove n elements from front of ary (shift n\))

+ident(front) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(n)operator(\))

+

+comment(# remove n elements from the end of ary (pop n\))

+ident(end_) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()operator(-)ident(n) operator(..) operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

+

+comment(# let's extend the Array class, to make that useful)

+reserved(class) class(Array)

+    reserved(def) method(shift2)operator(()operator(\))

+        ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0) operator(..) integer(1)operator(\))     comment(# more symetric with pop2...)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(pop2)operator(()operator(\))

+        ident(slice!)operator(()operator(-)integer(2) operator(..) operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(friends) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Peter Paul Mary Jim Tim)delimiter(\))>

+ident(this)operator(,) ident(that) operator(=) ident(friends)operator(.)ident(shift2)

+

+ident(beverages) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Dew Jolt Cola Sprite Fresca)delimiter(\))>

+ident(pair) operator(=) ident(beverages)operator(.)ident(pop2)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.12)

+comment(# use Enumerable#detect (or the synonym Enumerable#find\))

+ident(highest_eng) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(detect) operator({) operator(|)ident(emp)operator(|) ident(emp)operator(.)ident(category) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(engineer)delimiter(')> operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.13)

+comment(# use Enumerable#select (or the synonym Enumerable#find_all\))

+ident(bigs) operator(=) ident(nums)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i) operator(>) integer(1_000_000) operator(})

+ident(pigs) operator(=) ident(users)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|) ident(users)operator([)ident(k)operator(]) operator(>) float(1e7) operator(})

+

+ident(matching) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(u)operator(|) ident(u) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^gnat )delimiter(/)> operator(})

+

+ident(engineers) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator(.)ident(position) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(Engineer)delimiter(')> operator(})

+

+ident(secondary_assistance) operator(=) ident(applicants)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(|)

+    ident(a)operator(.)ident(income) operator(>)operator(=) integer(26_000) operator(&&) ident(a)operator(.)ident(income) operator(<) integer(30_000)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.14)

+comment(# normally you would have an array of Numeric (Float or)

+comment(# Fixnum or Bignum\), so you would use:)

+ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort)

+comment(# if you have strings representing Integers or Floats)

+comment(# you may specify another sort method:)

+ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(})

+

+comment(# let's use the list of my own PID's)

+shell<delimiter(`)content(ps ux)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)

+    ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(USER)delimiter(')>operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(/)> operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i)operator(.)ident(split)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(i) operator(})

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Select a process ID to kill:)delimiter(")>

+ident(pid) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Exiting ... )char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(pid) operator(&&) ident(pid) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(TERM)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

+ident(sleep) integer(2)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(KILL)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

+

+ident(descending) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.15)

+ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(compare)operator(()ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(\)) operator(})

+

+ident(precomputed) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(compute)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})

+ident(ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(precomputed)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

+ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(ordered_precomputed)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+

+ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(compute)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+

+reserved(for) ident(employee) reserved(in) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(name) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(name) operator(})

+    ident(print) ident(employee)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( earns )char(\\$)content( )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(employee)operator(.)ident(salary)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Beware! `0' is true in Ruby.)

+comment(# For chaining comparisons, you may use Numeric#nonzero?, which)

+comment(# returns num if num is not zero, nil otherwise)

+ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(name) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(name)operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(b)operator(.)ident(age) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator(.)ident(age) operator(})

+

+ident(users) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+comment(# getpwent is not wrapped in Ruby... let's fallback)

+constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(u)operator(|) ident(users) operator(<<) ident(u)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(:)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(})

+ident(users)operator(.)ident(sort!) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

+reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(users)

+    ident(puts) ident(user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(names)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(length) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(length) operator(})

+

+comment(# let's show only the compact version)

+ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(e)operator(.)ident(length)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+

+ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(e)operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+

+ident(print) shell<delimiter(`)content(cat /etc/passwd)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(e)operator(,) ident(e)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(:)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(indexes)operator(()integer(3)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(0)operator(\))operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) operator(()ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) operator(()ident(a)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(a)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.16)

+ident(circular)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()ident(circular)operator(.)ident(pop)operator(\))        comment(# the last shall be first)

+ident(circular)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(circular)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))         comment(# and vice versa)

+

+reserved(def) method(grab_and_rotate)operator(()ident(l)operator(\))

+    ident(l)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(ret) operator(=) ident(l)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))

+    ident(ret)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(processes) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(])

+reserved(while) operator(()integer(1)operator(\))

+    ident(process) operator(=) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()ident(processes)operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Handling process )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(process)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    ident(sleep) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.17)

+reserved(def) method(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

+    operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+        ident(j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(i)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\))

+        ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(i) operator(!)operator(=) ident(j)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(naive_shuffle)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

+    reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(...)ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)

+        ident(j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))

+        ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.18)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/env ruby)

+comment(# example 4-2 words)

+comment(# words - gather lines, present in colums)

+

+comment(# class to encapsulate the word formatting from the input)

+reserved(class) class(WordFormatter)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(cols)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@cols) operator(=) ident(cols)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# helper to return the length of the longest word in the wordlist)

+    reserved(def) method(maxlen)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\))

+        ident(max) operator(=) integer(1)

+        reserved(for) ident(word) reserved(in) ident(wordlist)

+            reserved(if) ident(word)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) ident(max)

+                ident(max) operator(=) ident(word)operator(.)ident(length)

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(max)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# process the wordlist and print it formmated into columns)

+    reserved(def) method(output)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\))

+        ident(collen) operator(=) ident(maxlen)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)

+        ident(columns) operator(=) instance_variable(@cols) operator(/) ident(collen)

+        ident(columns) operator(=) integer(1) reserved(if) ident(columns) operator(==) integer(0)

+        ident(rows) operator(=) operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(.)ident(length) operator(+) ident(columns) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(columns)

+        comment(# now process each item, picking out proper piece for this position)

+        integer(0)operator(.)ident(upto)operator(()ident(rows) operator(*) ident(columns) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(item)operator(|)

+            ident(target) operator(=) operator(()ident(item) operator(%) ident(columns)operator(\)) operator(*) ident(rows) operator(+) operator(()ident(item) operator(/) ident(columns)operator(\))

+            ident(eol) operator(=) operator(()operator(()ident(item)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) ident(columns) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\))

+            ident(piece) operator(=) ident(wordlist)operator([)ident(target)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+            ident(piece) operator(=) ident(piece)operator(.)ident(ljust)operator(()ident(collen)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(eol)

+            ident(print) ident(piece)

+            ident(puts) reserved(if) ident(eol)

+        operator(})

+        comment(# no need to finish it up, because eol is always true for the last element)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# get nr of chars that fit in window or console, see PLEAC 15.4)

+comment(# not portable -- linux only (?\))

+reserved(def) method(getWinCharWidth)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(buf) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\0)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(8)

+    global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(ioctl)operator(()integer(0x5413)operator(,) ident(buf)operator(\))

+    ident(ws_row)operator(,) ident(ws_col)operator(,) ident(ws_xpixel)operator(,) ident(ws_ypixel) operator(=) ident(buf)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content($4)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(ws_col) operator(||) integer(80)

+reserved(rescue)

+    integer(80)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# main program)

+ident(cols) operator(=) ident(getWinCharWidth)operator(()operator(\))

+ident(formatter) operator(=) constant(WordFormatter)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(cols)operator(\))

+ident(words) operator(=) ident(readlines)operator(()operator(\))

+ident(words)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+operator(})

+ident(formatter)operator(.)ident(output)operator(()ident(words)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.19)

+comment(# In ruby, Fixnum's are automatically converted to Bignum's when)

+comment(# needed, so there is no need for an extra module)

+reserved(def) method(factorial)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(s) operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(while) ident(n) operator(>) integer(0)

+        ident(s) operator(*)operator(=) ident(n)

+        ident(n) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(s)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(puts) ident(factorial)operator(()integer(500)operator(\))

+

+comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

+comment(# Example 4-3. tsc-permute)

+comment(# tsc_permute: permute each word of input)

+reserved(def) method(permute)operator(()ident(items)operator(,) ident(perms)operator(\))

+    reserved(unless) ident(items)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)

+        ident(puts) ident(perms)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(else)

+        reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(items)

+            ident(newitems) operator(=) ident(items)operator(.)ident(dup)

+            ident(newperms) operator(=) ident(perms)operator(.)ident(dup)

+            ident(newperms)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()ident(newitems)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()ident(i)operator(\))operator(\))

+            ident(permute)operator(()ident(newitems)operator(,) ident(newperms)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions it is using)

+ident(permute)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(,) operator([)operator(])operator(\))

+

+comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

+comment(# mjd_permute: permute each word of input)

+

+reserved(def) method(factorial)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(s) operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(while) ident(n) operator(>) integer(0)

+        ident(s) operator(*)operator(=) ident(n)

+        ident(n) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(s)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# we use a class with a class variable store the private cache)

+comment(# for the results of the factorial function.)

+reserved(class) class(Factorial)

+    class_variable(@@fact) operator(=) operator([) integer(1) operator(])

+    reserved(def) constant(Factorial)operator(.)ident(compute)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+        reserved(if) class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(])

+            class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(])

+        reserved(else)

+            class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(]) operator(=) ident(n) operator(*) constant(Factorial)operator(.)ident(compute)operator(()ident(n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

+comment(# Example 4-4- mjd-permute)

+comment(# n2pat(n, len\): produce the N-th pattern of length len)

+

+comment(# We must use a lower case letter as parameter N, otherwise it is)

+comment(# handled as constant Length is the length of the resulting)

+comment(# array, not the index of the last element (length -1\) like in)

+comment(# the perl example.)

+reserved(def) method(n2pat)operator(()ident(n)operator(,) ident(length)operator(\))

+    ident(pat) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    ident(i) operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(while) ident(i) operator(<=) ident(length)

+        ident(pat)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(n) operator(%) ident(i)operator(\))

+        ident(n) regexp<delimiter(/)content(= i

+        i += 1

+    end

+    pat

+end

+

+# pat2perm(pat\): turn pattern returned by n2pat(\) into

+# permutation of integers.

+def pat2perm(pat\)

+    source = (0 .. pat.length - 1\).to_a

+    perm = []

+    perm.push(source.slice!(pat.pop\)\) while pat.length > 0

+    perm

+end

+

+def n2perm(n, len\)

+    pat2perm(n2pat(n,len\)\)

+end

+

+# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions

+while gets

+    data = split

+    # the perl solution has used $#data, which is length-1

+    num_permutations = Factorial.compute(data.length(\)\)

+    0.upto(num_permutations - 1\) do |i|

+        # in ruby we can not use an array as selector for an array

+        # but by exchanging the two arrays, we can use the collect method

+        # which returns an array with the result of all block invocations

+        permutation = n2perm(i, data.length\).collect {

+            |j| data[j]

+        }

+        puts permutation.join(" "\)

+    end

+end

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_5.0

+age = { "Nat",   24,

+        "Jules", 25,

+        "Josh",  17  }

+

+age["Nat"]   = 24

+age["Jules"] = 25

+age["Josh"]  = 17

+

+food_color = {

+    "Apple"  => "red",

+    "Banana" => "yellow",

+    "Lemon"  => "yellow",

+    "Carrot" => "orange"

+             }

+

+# In Ruby, you cannot avoid the double or simple quoting

+# while manipulatin hashes

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_5.1

+hash[key] = value

+

+food_color["Raspberry"] = "pink"

+puts "Known foods:", food_color.keys

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_5.2

+# does hash have a value for key ?

+if (hash.has_key?(key\)\)

+    # it exists

+else

+    # it doesn't

+end

+

+[ "Banana", "Martini" ].each { |name|

+    print name, " is a ", food_color.has_key?(name\) ? "food" : "drink", ")char(\\n)content("

+}

+

+age = {}

+age['Toddler'] = 3

+age['Unborn'] = 0

+age['Phantasm'] = nil

+

+for thing in ['Toddler', 'Unborn', 'Phantasm', 'Relic']

+    print ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(thing)delimiter(})>content(: "

+    print "Has-key " if age.has_key?(thing\)

+    print "True " if age[thing]

+    print "Nonzero " if age[thing] && age[thing].nonzero?

+    print ")char(\\n)content("

+end

+

+#=>

+# Toddler: Has-key True Nonzero 

+# Unborn: Has-key True 

+# Phantasm: Has-key 

+# Relic: 

+

+# You use Hash#has_key? when you use Perl's exists -> it checks

+# for existence of a key in a hash.

+# All Numeric are "True" in ruby, so the test doesn't have the

+# same semantics as in Perl; you would use Numeric#nonzero? to

+# achieve the same semantics (false if 0, true otherwise\).

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_5.3

+food_color.delete("Banana"\)

+

+

+# @@PLEAC@@_5.4

+hash.each { |key, value|

+    # do something with key and value

+}

+

+hash.each_key { |key|

+    # do something with key

+}

+

+food_color.each { |food, color|

+    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)delimiter(})>content("

+}

+

+food_color.each_key { |food|

+    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food_color)operator([)ident(food)operator(])delimiter(})>content("

+}

+

+# IMO this demonstrates that OO style is by far more readable

+food_color.keys.sort.each { |food|

+    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food_color)operator([)ident(food)operator(])delimiter(})>content(."

+}

+

+#-----------------------------

+#!)delimiter(/)modifier(us)>ident(r)operator(/)ident(bin)operator(/)ident(ruby)

+comment(# countfrom - count number of messages from each sender)

+

+comment(# Default value is 0)

+ident(from) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From: (.*\))delimiter(/)> reserved(and) ident(from)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# More useful to sort by number of received mail by person)

+ident(from)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({)operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(<=>)ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.5)

+comment(# You may use the built-in 'inspect' method this way:)

+ident(p) ident(hash)

+

+comment(# Or do it the Cookbook way:)

+ident(hash)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

+

+comment(# Sorted by keys)

+ident(hash)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

+comment(# Sorted by values)

+ident(hash)operator(.)ident(sort)operator({)operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(<=>)ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.7)

+ident(ttys) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>

+    ident(user)operator(,) ident(tty) operator(=) ident(i)operator(.)ident(split)

+    operator(()ident(ttys)operator([)ident(user)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(tty)               comment(# see problems_ruby for more infos)

+reserved(end)

+ident(ttys)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(commify_series)operator(()ident(ttys)operator([)ident(k)operator(])operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# from 4.2)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.8)

+ident(surname) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Mickey)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(Mantle)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Babe)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(Ruth)delimiter(")> operator(})

+ident(puts) ident(surname)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Mantle)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(# If you really needed to 'invert' the whole hash, use Hash#invert)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# foodfind - find match for food or color)

+

+ident(given) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift) reserved(or) ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: foodfind food_or_color)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(color) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Apple)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(red)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Banana)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Lemon)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Carrot)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(orange)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+operator(})

+

+reserved(if) operator(()ident(color)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(given)delimiter(})>content( is a food with color )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)operator([)ident(given)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+reserved(if) operator(()ident(color)operator(.)ident(has_value?)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))delimiter(})>content( is a food with color )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(given)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.9)

+comment(# Sorted by keys (Hash#sort gives an Array of pairs made of each key,value\))

+ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+comment(# Sorted by values)

+ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+comment(# Sorted by length of values)

+ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.10)

+ident(merged) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(clone)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(b)operator(\))        comment(# because Hash#update changes object in place)

+

+ident(drink_color) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Galliano)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Mai Tai)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(blue)delimiter(")> operator(})

+ident(ingested_color) operator(=) ident(drink_color)operator(.)ident(clone)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(food_color)operator(\))

+

+ident(substance_color) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator([) ident(food_color)operator(,) ident(drink_color) operator(])

+    ident(i)operator(.)ident(each_key) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|)

+        reserved(if) ident(substance_color)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(k)operator(\))

+            ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Warning: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content( seen twice.  Using the first definition.)delimiter(")>

+            reserved(next)

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(substance_color)operator([)ident(k)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.11)

+ident(common) operator(=) ident(hash1)operator(.)ident(keys) operator(&) ident(hash2)operator(.)ident(keys)

+

+ident(this_not_that) operator(=) ident(hash1)operator(.)ident(keys) operator(-) ident(hash2)operator(.)ident(keys)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.12)

+comment(# no problem here, Ruby handles any kind of object for key-ing)

+comment(# (it takes Object#hash, which defaults to Object#id\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.13)

+comment(# AFAIK, not possible in Ruby)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.14)

+comment(# Be careful, the following is possible only because Fixnum objects are)

+comment(# special (documentation says: there is effectively only one Fixnum object)

+comment(# instance for any given integer value\).)

+ident(count) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+ident(array)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)

+    ident(count)operator([)ident(e)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.15)

+ident(father) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Cain)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Abel)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Seth)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Enoch)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Cain)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Irad)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Enoch)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Mehujael)delimiter(")>  operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Irad)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Methusael)delimiter(")> operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Mehujael)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>    operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Methusael)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Jabal)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Jubal)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Tubalcain)delimiter(")> operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")content(Enos)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Seth)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+operator(})

+

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    ident(chomp)

+    reserved(begin)

+        ident(print) global_variable($_)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end) reserved(while) global_variable($_) operator(=) ident(father)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(])

+    ident(puts)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(children) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+ident(father)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

+    operator(()ident(children)operator([)ident(v)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(k)

+operator(})

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    ident(chomp)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>content( begat )inline<delimiter(#{)operator(()ident(children)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(]) operator(||) operator([)string<delimiter(')content(Nobody)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(includes) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+ident(files)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    reserved(begin)

+        reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

+            reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(*#)char(\\s)content(*include)char(\\s)content(*<([^>]+\)>)delimiter(/)>

+            operator(()ident(includes)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(f)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(rescue) constant(SystemCallError)

+        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($!)content( (skipping\))delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+ident(include_free) operator(=) ident(includes)operator(.)ident(values)operator(.)ident(flatten)operator(.)ident(uniq) operator(-) ident(includes)operator(.)ident(keys)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.16)

+comment(# dutree - print sorted intented rendition of du output)

+comment(#% dutree)

+comment(#% dutree /usr)

+comment(#% dutree -a)

+comment(#% dutree -a /bin)

+

+comment(# The DuNode class collects all information about a directory,)

+comment(# and provides some convenience methods)

+reserved(class) class(DuNode)

+

+    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:name)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:size)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:kids)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(name)

+        instance_variable(@kids) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+        instance_variable(@size) operator(=) integer(0)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# support for sorting nodes with side)

+    reserved(def) method(size_compare)operator(()ident(node2)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@size) operator(<=>) ident(node2)operator(.)ident(size)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(basename)

+        instance_variable(@name)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.*)char(\\/)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(#returns substring before last "/", nil if not there)

+    reserved(def) method(parent)

+        ident(p) operator(=) instance_variable(@name)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\/)content([^)char(\\/)content(]+$)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        reserved(if) ident(p) operator(==) instance_variable(@name)

+            pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(p)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# The DuTree does the acdtual work of)

+comment(# getting the input, parsing it, builging up a tree)

+comment(# and format it for output)

+reserved(class) class(Dutree)

+

+    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:topdir)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@nodes) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)

+        instance_variable(@dirsizes) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@kids) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()operator([)operator(])operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# get a node by name, create it if it does not exist yet)

+    reserved(def) method(get_create_node)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+        reserved(if) instance_variable(@nodes)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+            instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(])

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(node) operator(=) constant(DuNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+            instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(]) operator(=) ident(node)

+            ident(node)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# run du, read in input, save sizes and kids)

+    comment(# stores last directory read in instance variable topdir)

+    reserved(def) method(input)operator(()ident(arguments)operator(\))

+        ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+        ident(cmd) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(du )delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(arguments)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()ident(cmd)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(pipe)operator(|)

+            ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+                ident(size)operator(,) ident(name) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))

+                ident(node) operator(=) ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+                ident(node)operator(.)ident(size) operator(=) ident(size)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+                instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(]) operator(=) ident(node)

+                ident(parent) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(parent)

+                reserved(if) ident(parent)

+                    ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(parent)operator(\))operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(node)operator(\))

+                reserved(end)

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+        instance_variable(@topdir) operator(=) instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# figure out how much is taken in each directory)

+    comment(# that isn't stored in the subdirectories. Add a new)

+    comment(# fake kid called "." containing that much.)

+    reserved(def) method(get_dots)operator(()ident(node)operator(\))

+        ident(cursize) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size)

+        reserved(for) ident(kid) reserved(in) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)

+            ident(cursize) operator(-)operator(=)  ident(kid)operator(.)ident(size)

+            ident(get_dots)operator(()ident(kid)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+        reserved(if) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size) operator(!)operator(=) ident(cursize)

+            ident(newnode) operator(=) ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(node)operator(.)ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(/.)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+            ident(newnode)operator(.)ident(size) operator(=) ident(cursize)

+            ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(newnode)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# recursively output everything)

+    comment(# passing padding and number width as well)

+    comment(# on recursive calls)

+    reserved(def) method(output)operator(()ident(node)operator(,) ident(prefix)operator(=)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(width)operator(=)integer(0)operator(\))

+        ident(line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(width)delimiter(})>content(d %s)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) ident(node)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(\))

+        ident(puts)operator(()ident(prefix) operator(+) ident(line)operator(\))

+        ident(prefix) operator(+)operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content( )delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(| )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        ident(prefix)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([^|])delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        reserved(if) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)     comment(# not a bachelor node)

+            ident(kids) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)

+            ident(kids)operator(.)ident(sort!) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|)

+                ident(b)operator(.)ident(size_compare)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

+            operator(})

+            ident(width) operator(=) ident(kids)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(size)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(.)ident(length)

+            reserved(for) ident(kid) reserved(in) ident(kids)

+                ident(output)operator(()ident(kid)operator(,) ident(prefix)operator(,) ident(width)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(tree) operator(=) constant(Dutree)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(tree)operator(.)ident(input)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(\))

+ident(tree)operator(.)ident(get_dots)operator(()ident(tree)operator(.)ident(topdir)operator(\))

+ident(tree)operator(.)ident(output)operator(()ident(tree)operator(.)ident(topdir)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.0)

+comment(# The verbose version are match, sub, gsub, sub! and gsub!;)

+comment(# pattern needs to be a Regexp object; it yields a MatchData)

+comment(# object.)

+ident(pattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(string)operator(\))

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,) ident(replacement)operator(\))

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,) ident(replacement)operator(\))

+comment(# As usual in Ruby, sub! does the same as sub but also modifies)

+comment(# the object, the same for gsub!/gsub.)

+

+comment(# Sugared syntax yields the position of the match (or nil if no)

+comment(# match\). Note that the object at the right of the operator needs)

+comment(# not to be a Regexp object (it can be a String\). The "dont)

+comment(# match" operator yields true or false.)

+ident(meadow) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(sheep)delimiter(/)>   comment(# position of the match, nil if no match)

+ident(meadow) operator(!)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(sheep)delimiter(/)>   comment(# true if doesn't match, false if it does)

+comment(# There is no sugared version for the substitution)

+

+ident(meadow) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(ovines?)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)> reserved(and) ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Here be sheep!)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(good food)delimiter(")>

+ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(o*)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(e)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+comment(# % echo ababacaca | ruby -ne 'puts $& if /(a|ba|b\)+(a|ac\)+/')

+comment(# ababa)

+

+comment(# The "global" (or "multiple"\) match is handled by String#scan)

+ident(scan) operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found number )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+comment(# String#scan yields an Array if not used with a block)

+ident(numbers) operator(=) ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+

+ident(digits) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(123456789)delimiter(")>

+ident(nonlap) operator(=) ident(digits)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(yeslap) operator(=) ident(digits)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((?=()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\)\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Non-overlapping:  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(nonlap)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Overlapping:      )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(yeslap)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(;)

+comment(# Non-overlapping:  123 456 789)

+comment(# Overlapping:      123 234 345 456 567 678 789)

+

+ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(And little lambs eat ivy)delimiter(")>

+ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(l[^s]*s)delimiter(/)>

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(()escape(#)global_variable($`)content(\) ()escape(#)global_variable($&)content(\) ()escape(#)global_variable($')content(\))delimiter(")>

+comment(# (And \) (little lambs\) ( eat ivy\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.1)

+comment(# Ruby doesn't have the same problem:)

+ident(dst) operator(=) ident(src)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(this)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(that)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(progname) operator(=) global_variable($0)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(^.*/)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(bindirs) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(/usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin)delimiter(\))>

+ident(libdirs) operator(=) ident(bindirs)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(bin)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(lib)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.3)

+regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\S)content(+)delimiter(/)>               comment(# as many non-whitespace bytes as possible)

+regexp<delimiter(/)content([A-Za-z'-]+)delimiter(/)>       comment(# as many letters, apostrophes, and hyphens)

+

+regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(([A-Za-z]+\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)>   comment(# usually best)

+regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(([A-Za-z]+\))char(\\s)delimiter(/)>   comment(# fails at ends or w/ punctuation)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.4)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org and www.rubygarden.org)delimiter(')>

+ident(re) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+      (               # capture the hostname in $1

+        (?:           # these parens for grouping only

+          (?! [-_] \)  # lookahead for neither underscore nor dash

+          [)char(\\w)content(-] +     # hostname component

+          )char(\\.)content(          # and the domain dot

+        \) +           # now repeat that whole thing a bunch of times

+        [A-Za-z]      # next must be a letter

+        [)char(\\w)content(-] +       # now trailing domain part

+      \)               # end of $1 capture

+     )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>               comment(# /x for nice formatting)

+

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!) ident(re) reserved(do)       comment(# pass a block to execute replacement)

+    ident(host) operator(=) constant(TCPsocket)operator(.)ident(gethostbyname)operator(()global_variable($1)operator(\))

+    string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(host)operator([)integer(3)operator(])delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(puts) ident(str)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# to match whitespace or #-characters in an extended re you need to escape)

+comment(# them.)

+

+ident(foo) operator(=) integer(42)

+ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(blah #foo# blah)delimiter(')>

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(       # replace

+              )char(\\#)content(    #   a pound sign

+              ()char(\\w)content(+\) #   the variable name

+              )char(\\#)content(    #   another pound sign

+          )delimiter(/)modifier(x)> reserved(do)

+              ident(eval) global_variable($1)           comment(# with the value of a local variable)

+          reserved(end)

+ident(puts) ident(str)  comment(# => blah 42 blah)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.5)

+comment(# The 'g' modifier doesn't exist in Ruby, a regexp can't be used)

+comment(# directly in a while loop; instead, use String#scan { |match| .. } )

+ident(fish) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

+constant(WANT) operator(=) integer(3)

+ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(fish)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\)) operator({)

+    reserved(if) operator(()ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) constant(WANT)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish is a )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( one.)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+reserved(if) ident(fish) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content((?:)char(\\w)content(+)char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\s)content(+\){2}()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish is a )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( one.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

+comment(# String#scan without a block gives an array of matches, each match)

+comment(# being an array of all the specified groups)

+ident(colors) operator(=) ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)  comment(# get all matches)

+ident(color)  operator(=) ident(colors)operator([)integer(2)operator(])                          comment(# then the one we want)

+comment(# or without a temporary array)

+ident(color) operator(=) ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)operator([)integer(2)operator(])  comment(# just grab element 3)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish in the pond is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(fishes) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

+ident(evens) operator(=) ident(fishes)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(()ident(count)operator(+)operator(=)integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) integer(2) operator(==) integer(0) operator(})

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Even numbered fish are )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(evens)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(fishes)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+   )char(\\b)content(               # makes next )char(\\w)content( more efficient

+   ( )char(\\w)content(+ \)          # this is what we)char(\\')content(ll be changing

+   (

+     )char(\\s)content(+ fish )char(\\b)content(

+   \)

+            )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>operator(\)) operator({)

+    reserved(if) operator(()ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(4)

+        string<delimiter(')content(sushi)delimiter(')> operator(+) global_variable($2)

+    reserved(else)

+        global_variable($1) operator(+) global_variable($2)

+    reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.)delimiter(')>

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Last fish is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+    A               # find some pattern A

+    (?!             # mustn)char(\\')content(t be able to find

+        .*          # something

+        A           # and A

+    \)

+    $               # through the end of the string

+)delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

+

+comment(# The "s" perl modifier is "m" in Ruby (not very nice since there is)

+comment(# also an "m" in perl..\))

+ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(if) operator(()ident(pond) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+                    )char(\\b)content(  (  )char(\\w)content(+\) )char(\\s)content(+ fish )char(\\b)content(

+                (?! .* )char(\\b)content( fish )char(\\b)content( \)

+            )delimiter(/)modifier(mix)>operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Last fish is )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(else)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Failed!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.6)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# killtags - very bad html killer)

+global_variable($/) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(;)                              comment(# each read is whole file)

+reserved(while) ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+    ident(file)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*?>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(;)           comment(# strip tags (terribly\))

+    ident(puts) ident(file)                          comment(# print file to STDOUT)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(#headerfy - change certain chapter headers to html)

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+reserved(while) ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+    ident(pattern) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

+                  )char(\\A)content(                   # start of record

+                  (                    # capture in $1

+                      Chapter          # text string

+                      )char(\\s)content(+              # mandatory whitespace

+                      )char(\\d)content(+              # decimal number

+                      )char(\\s)content(*              # optional whitespace

+                      :                # a real colon

+                      . *              # anything not a newline till end of line

+                  \)

+               )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

+    ident(puts) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(<H1>)content(\\1)content(</H1>)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% ruby -00pe "gsub!(/\\A(Chapter\\s+\\d+\\s*:.*\)/,'<H1>\\1</H1>'\)" datafile)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

+    ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))

+    reserved(while) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do)             comment(# each read is a paragraph)

+        ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(chunk )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($.)delimiter(})>content( in $ARGV has <<)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(>>)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(while) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^START(.*?\)^END)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+    reserved(end)                                comment(# /m activates the multiline mode)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.7)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($/) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(;)

+ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(chunks) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# .Ch, .Se and .Ss divide chunks of STDIN)

+ident(chunks) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()pre_constant(nil)operator(\))operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)content((Ch|Se|Ss\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I read )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(chunks)operator(.)ident(size)delimiter(})>content( chunks.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.8)

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(BEGIN)delimiter(/)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(END)delimiter(/)>

+        comment(# line falls between BEGIN and END inclusive)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(firstnum)operator(\)) operator(..) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(lastnum)operator(\))

+        comment(# operate between firstnum and lastnum line number)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# in ruby versions prior to 1.8, the above two conditional)

+comment(# expressions could be shortened to:)

+comment(#     if /BEGIN/ .. /END/)

+comment(# and)

+comment(#     if firstnum .. lastnum)

+comment(# but these now only work this way from the command line  )

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(BEGIN)delimiter(/)> operator(...) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(END)delimiter(/)>

+        comment(# line falls between BEGIN and END on different lines)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(first)operator(\)) operator(...) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(last)operator(\))

+        comment(# operate between first and last line number on different lines)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# command-line to print lines 15 through 17 inclusive (see below\))

+ident(ruby) operator(-)ident(ne) string<delimiter(')content(print if 15 .. 17)delimiter(')> ident(datafile)

+

+comment(# print out all <XMP> .. </XMP> displays from HTML doc)

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(<XMP>)delimiter(#)modifier(i)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(</XMP>)delimiter(#)modifier(i)>operator(;)

+reserved(end)

+    

+comment(# same, but as shell command)

+comment(# ruby -ne 'print if %r#<XMP>#i .. %r#</XMP>#i' document.html)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \\)

+comment(#     print if $top .. $bottom' /etc/passwd                 #  FAILS)

+comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \\)

+comment(#     print if $. == $top .. $. ==  $bottom' /etc/passwd    # works)

+comment(# ruby -ne 'print if 3 .. 5' /etc/passwd                    # also works)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(begin)delimiter(/)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(end)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

+ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(begin)delimiter(/)> operator(...) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(end)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    global_variable($in_header) operator(=) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(1)  operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)> operator(?) pre_constant(true) operator(:) pre_constant(false)

+    global_variable($in_body)   operator(=) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)> operator(..) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(eof) operator(?) pre_constant(true) operator(:) pre_constant(false)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(seen) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From:?)char(\\s)delimiter(/)modifier(i)> operator(..) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(([^<>(\),;)char(\\s)content(]+)char(\\@)content([^<>(\),;)char(\\s)content(]+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(addr)operator(|)

+        ident(puts) ident(addr) reserved(unless) ident(seen)operator([)ident(addr)operator(])

+        ident(seen)operator([)ident(addr)operator(]) operator(||)operator(=) integer(1) 

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.9)

+reserved(def) method(glob2pat)operator(()ident(globstr)operator(\))

+    ident(patmap) operator(=) operator({)

+        string<delimiter(')content(*)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(.*)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(?)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(.)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content([)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content([)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(])delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(])delimiter(')>operator(,)

+    operator(})

+    ident(globstr)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((.\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|) ident(patmap)operator([)ident(c)operator(]) operator(||) constant(Regexp)operator(::)ident(escape)operator(()ident(c)operator(\)) operator(})

+    string<delimiter(')content(^)delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(globstr) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content($)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.10)

+comment(# avoid interpolating patterns like this if the pattern)

+comment(# isn't going to change:)

+ident(pattern) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pattern)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# the above creates a new regex each iteration. Instead,)

+comment(# use the /o modifier so the regex is compiled only once)

+

+ident(pattern) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pattern)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)modifier(o)>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# popgrep1 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

+comment(# version 1: slow but obvious way)

+ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

+        reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\b)delimiter(/)>

+            ident(print) ident(line)

+            ident(last)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# popgrep2 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

+comment(# version 2: eval strings; fast but hard to quote)

+ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

+ident(code) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ARGF.each do |line|)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

+    ident(code) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\t)content(if line =~ /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/; print(line\); next; end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(code) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(CODE IS)char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(code)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(false) comment(# turn on for debugging)

+ident(eval) ident(code)

+

+comment(# CODE IS)

+comment(# ---)

+comment(# ARGF.each do |line|)

+comment(#         if line =~ /\\bCO\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

+comment(#         if line =~ /\\bON\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

+comment(#         if line =~ /\\bMI\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

+comment(#         if line =~ /\\bWI\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

+comment(#         if line =~ /\\bMN\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

+comment(# end)

+comment(# )

+comment(# ---)

+

+comment(## alternatively, the same idea as above but compiling )

+comment(## to a case statement: (not in perlcookbook\))

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# popgrep2.5 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

+comment(# version 2.5: eval strings; fast but hard to quote)

+ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

+ident(code) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ARGF.each do |line|)char(\\n)content(    case line)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

+    ident(code) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(        when /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/ : print line)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(code) operator(+)operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(    end)char(\\n)content(end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(CODE IS)char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(code)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(false) comment(# turn on for debugging)

+ident(eval) ident(code)

+

+comment(# CODE IS)

+comment(# ---)

+comment(# ARGF.each do |line|)

+comment(#     case line)

+comment(#         when /\\bCO\\b/ : print line)

+comment(#         when /\\bON\\b/ : print line)

+comment(#         when /\\bMI\\b/ : print line)

+comment(#         when /\\bWI\\b/ : print line)

+comment(#         when /\\bMN\\b/ : print line)

+comment(#     end)

+comment(# end)

+comment(# )

+comment(# ---)

+

+comment(# Note: (above\) Ruby 1.8+ allows the 'when EXP : EXPR' on one line)

+comment(# with the colon separator.)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# popgrep3 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

+comment(# version3: build a match_any function)

+ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

+ident(expr) operator(=) ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)string<delimiter(")content(line =~ /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/)delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(||)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_any(line\); )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(expr)delimiter(})>content(;end)delimiter(")>

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(match_any)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+comment(##  building a match_all function is a trivial)

+comment(##  substitution of && for ||)

+comment(##  here is a generalized example:)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(## grepauth - print lines that mention both foo and bar)

+reserved(class) class(MultiMatch) 

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()operator(*)ident(patterns)operator(\))

+        ident(_any) operator(=) ident(build_match)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(||)delimiter(')>operator(,)ident(patterns)operator(\))

+        ident(_all) operator(=) ident(build_match)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(&&)delimiter(')>operator(,)ident(patterns)operator(\))

+        ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_any(line\);)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(_any)delimiter(})>content(;end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+        ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_all(line\);)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(_all)delimiter(})>content(;end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+      reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(build_match)operator(()ident(sym)operator(,)ident(args)operator(\))

+        ident(args)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)string<delimiter(")content(line =~ /)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)delimiter(})>content(/)delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()ident(sym)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(mm) operator(=) constant(MultiMatch)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(mm)operator(.)ident(match_all)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# popgrep4 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

+comment(# version4: pretty fast, but simple: compile all re's first:)

+ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

+ident(popstates) operator(=) ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(re)operator(|) regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(re)delimiter(})>char(\\b)delimiter(/)>operator(})

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state_re)operator(|)

+        reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) ident(state_re)

+            ident(print) ident(line)

+            reserved(break)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(## speeds trials on the jargon file(412\): 26006 lines, 1.3MB)

+comment(## popgrep1   => 7.040s)

+comment(## popgrep2   => 0.656s)

+comment(## popgrep2.5 => 0.633s)

+comment(## popgrep3   => 0.675s)

+comment(## popgrep4   => 1.027s)

+

+comment(# unless speed is criticial, the technique in popgrep4 is a)

+comment(# reasonable balance between speed and logical simplicity.)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.11)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Pattern? )delimiter(")>

+    ident(pat) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+    constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(pat)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) 

+    ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(Invalid Pattern)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(retry)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.13)

+comment(# uses the 'amatch' extension found on:)

+comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/amatch/)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(amatch)delimiter(')>

+ident(matcher) operator(=) constant(Amatch)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(balast)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#$relative, $distance = 0, 1)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/usr/share/dict/words)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each_line) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(matcher)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(line)operator(\)) operator(<=) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+comment(__END__

+)comment(#CODE)

+ident(ballast)

+ident(ballasts)

+ident(balustrade)

+ident(balustrades)

+ident(blast)

+ident(blasted)

+ident(blaster)

+ident(blasters)

+ident(blasting)

+ident(blasts)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.14)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content(()char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(token)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(found )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(token)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(n) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(   49 here)delimiter(")>

+ident(n)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content( )delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(0)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(puts) ident(n)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(3,4,5,9,120)delimiter(")>

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content(,?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(num)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found number: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(num)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Ruby doesn't have the String.pos or a /c re modifier like Perl )

+comment(# But it does have StringScanner in the standard library (strscn\))

+comment(# which allows similar functionality:)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(strscan)delimiter(')>

+ident(text) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(the year 1752 lost 10 days on the 3rd of September)delimiter(')>

+ident(sc) operator(=) constant(StringScanner)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(text)operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(sc)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.*?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(found: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>   

+reserved(end)

+reserved(if) ident(sc)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\S)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( after last number)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# assuming continuing from above:)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The position in 'text' is: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(30)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The position in 'text' is: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.15)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# greedy pattern)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# not good)

+

+comment(# non-greedy (minimal\) pattern)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*?>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# not great)

+

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#<b><i>this</i> and <i>that</i> are important</b> Oh, <b><i>me too!</i></b>)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(.*?\)</i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(BEGIN((?:(?!BEGIN\).\)*\)END)delimiter(/)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(  (?: (?!</b>|</i>\). \)*  \) </i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(  (?: (?!</[ib]>\). \)*  \) </i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+    <b><i> 

+    [^<]*  # stuff not possibly bad, and not possibly the end.

+    (?:

+ # at this point, we can have '<' if not part of something bad

+     (?!  </?[ib]>  \)   # what we can't have

+     <                  # okay, so match the '<'

+     [^<]*              # and continue with more safe stuff

+    \) *

+    </i></b>

+ )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.16)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

+    ident(para)operator(.)ident(scan) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(

+                  )char(\\b)content(     # start at word boundary

+                  ()char(\\S)content(+\)  # find chunk of non-whitespace

+                  )char(\\b)content(     # until a word boundary

+                  (      

+                    )char(\\s)content(+  # followed by whitespace

+                    )char(\\1)content(   # and that same chunk again

+                    )char(\\b)content(   # and a word boundary

+                  \) +    # one or more times

+                )delimiter(/)modifier(xi)> reserved(do)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dup word ')inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(' at paragraph )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($.)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> 

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(astr) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(nobody)delimiter(')>

+ident(bstr) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(bodysnatcher)delimiter(')>

+reserved(if) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(astr)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(bstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\w)content(+\)()char(\\w)content(+\) )char(\\2)content(()char(\\w)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($2)delimiter(})>content( overlaps in )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(-)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($2)delimiter(})>content(-)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($3)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# prime_pattern -- find prime factors of argument using patterns)

+pre_constant(ARGV) operator(<<) integer(180)

+ident(cap) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+reserved(while) ident(cap) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(oo+?\))char(\\1)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(print) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+    ident(cap)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) ident(cap)operator(.)ident(size)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#diophantine)

+comment(# solve for 12x + 15y + 16z = 281, maximizing x)

+reserved(if) operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o*\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+    ident(x)operator(,) ident(y)operator(,) ident(z) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(One solution is: x=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content(; y=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content(; z=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(else) 

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No solution.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# using different quantifiers:)

+operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o+\))char(\\1)content({11}(o+\))char(\\2)content({14}(o+\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2)

+

+operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o*?\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#    => One solution is: x=0; y=7; z=11)

+

+operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o+?\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#    => One solution is: x=1; y=3; z=14)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.17)

+comment(# alpha OR beta)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(alpha|beta)delimiter(/)>

+

+comment(# alpha AND beta)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content((?=.*alpha\)(?=.*beta\))delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+

+comment(# alpha AND beta,  no overlap)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(alpha.*beta|beta.*alpha)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+

+comment(# NOT beta)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^(?:(?!beta\).\)*$)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+

+comment(# NOT bad BUT good)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content((?=(?:(?!BAD\).\)*$\)GOOD)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+reserved(if) operator(!)operator(()ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>operator(\))   comment(# ugly)

+    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(if) ident(string) operator(!)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>   comment(# preferred)

+    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat1)delimiter(/)>  operator(&&) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat2)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat1)delimiter(/)> operator(||) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat2)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# minigrep - trivial grep)

+ident(pat) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pat)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)modifier(o)>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(?=.*bell\)(?=.*lab\))delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(bell)delimiter(/)> operator(&&) global_variable($string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(lab)delimiter(/)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($murray_hill) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(blah bell blah )delimiter(")>

+reserved(if) global_variable($murray_hill) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+                         ^              # start of string

+                        (?=             # zero-width lookahead

+                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

+                            bell        # the desired bell string

+                        \)               # rewind, since we were only looking

+                        (?=             # and do the same thing

+                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

+                            lab         # and the lab part

+                        \)

+                     )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                comment(# /m means . can match newline)

+

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Looks like Bell Labs might be in Murray Hill!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content((?:^.*bell.*lab\)|(?:^.*lab.*bell\))delimiter(/)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($brand) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(if) global_variable($brand) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

+                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

+                      bell          # look for a bell

+                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

+                      lab           # look for a lab

+                  \)                 # end grouper

+            |                       # otherwise, try the other direction

+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

+                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

+                      lab           # look for a lab

+                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

+                      bell          # followed by a bell

+                  \)                 # end grouper

+            )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                     comment(# /m means . can match newline)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Our brand has bell and lab separate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($map) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(?:(?!waldo\).\)*$)delimiter(/)modifier(s)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($map) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(the great baldo)delimiter(")>

+reserved(if) global_variable($map) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+                ^                   # start of string

+                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

+                    (?!             # look ahead negation

+                        waldo       # is he ahead of us now?

+                    \)               # is so, the negation failed

+                    .               # any character (cuzza /s\)

+                \) *                 # repeat that grouping 0 or more

+                $                   # through the end of the string

+             )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                    comment(# /m means . can match newline)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(There's no waldo here!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(end)

+comment(=begin

+ 7:15am  up 206 days, 13:30,  4 users,  load average: 1.04, 1.07, 1.04

+

+USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE   JCPU   PCPU  WHAT

+

+tchrist  tty1                       5:16pm 36days 24:43   0.03s  xinit

+

+tchrist  tty2                       5:19pm  6days  0.43s  0.43s  -tcsh

+

+tchrist  ttyp0    chthon            7:58am  3days 23.44s  0.44s  -tcsh

+

+gnat     ttyS4    coprolith         2:01pm 13:36m  0.30s  0.30s  -tcsh

+=end)

+comment(#% w | minigrep '^(?!.*ttyp\).*tchrist')

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+    ^                       # anchored to the start

+    (?!                     # zero-width look-ahead assertion

+        .*                  # any amount of anything (faster than .*?\)

+        ttyp                # the string you don't want to find

+    \)                       # end look-ahead negation; rewind to start

+    .*                      # any amount of anything (faster than .*?\)

+    tchrist                 # now try to find Tom

+)delimiter(})modifier(x)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% w | grep tchrist | grep -v ttyp)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% grep -i 'pattern' files)

+comment(#% minigrep '(?i\)pattern' files)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.20)

+ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+ident(re) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(quote)operator(()ident(ans)operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>

+reserved(case) 

+    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(SEND)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is send)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(STOP)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is stop)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(ABORT)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is abort)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(EDIT)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is edit)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(abbrev)delimiter(')>

+ident(table) operator(=) constant(Abbrev)operator(.)ident(abbrev) string<delimiter(%w-)content(send stop abort edit)delimiter(-)>

+ident(loop) reserved(do)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Action: )delimiter(")>

+    ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action for )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ans)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(table)operator([)ident(ans)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# dummy values are defined for 'file', 'PAGER', and)

+comment(# the 'invoke_editor' and 'deliver_message' methods)

+comment(# do not do anything interesting in this example.)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(abbrev)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(file) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(pleac_ruby.data)delimiter(')>

+constant(PAGER) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(less)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(def) method(invoke_editor)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(invoking editor)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(deliver_message)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(delivering message)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(actions) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(edit)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:invoke_editor)operator(\))operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(send)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:deliver_message)operator(\))operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(list)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(system)operator(()constant(PAGER)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))operator(})operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(abort)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(See ya!)delimiter(")>operator(;) ident(exit)operator(})operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>      operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Unknown Command)delimiter(")>operator(})

+operator(})

+

+ident(dtable) operator(=) constant(Abbrev)operator(.)ident(abbrev)operator(()ident(actions)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(\))

+ident(loop) reserved(do)

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Action: )delimiter(")>

+    ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )char(\\t)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(actions)operator([) ident(dtable)operator([)ident(ans)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")> operator(])operator(.)ident(call)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.19)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# basically, the Perl Cookbook categorizes this as an)

+comment(# unsolvable problem ...)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+integer(1) reserved(while) ident(addr)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\()content([^(\)]*)char(\\\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(Dear) ident(someuser)instance_variable(@host)operator(.)ident(com)operator(,)

+

+constant(Please) ident(confirm) ident(the) ident(mail) ident(address) ident(you) ident(gave) ident(us) constant(Wed) constant(May)  integer(6) integer(09)operator(:)integer(38)operator(:)integer(41)

+constant(MDT) integer(1998) ident(by) ident(replying) ident(to) ident(this) ident(message)operator(.)  constant(Include) ident(the) ident(string)

+string<delimiter(")content(Rumpelstiltskin)delimiter(")> reserved(in) ident(that) ident(reply)operator(,) ident(but) ident(spelled) reserved(in) ident(reverse)operator(;) ident(that) ident(is)operator(,)

+ident(start) ident(with) string<delimiter(")content(Nik...)delimiter(")>operator(.)  constant(Once) ident(this) ident(is) ident(done)operator(,) ident(your) ident(confirmed) ident(address) ident(will)

+ident(be) ident(entered) ident(into) ident(our) ident(records)operator(.)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.21)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% gunzip -c ~/mail/archive.gz | urlify > archive.urlified)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% urlify ~/mail/*.inbox > ~/allmail.urlified)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# urlify - wrap HTML links around URL-like constructs)

+

+ident(urls) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content((https?|telnet|gopher|file|wais|ftp\))delimiter(')>operator(;)

+ident(ltrs) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(\\w)delimiter(')>operator(;)

+ident(gunk) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/#~:.?+=&%@!)content(\\-)delimiter(')>operator(;)

+ident(punc) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(.:?)content(\\-)delimiter(')>operator(;)

+ident(any)  operator(=) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ltrs)delimiter(})>inline<delimiter(#{)ident(gunk)delimiter(})>inline<delimiter(#{)ident(punc)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(;)

+

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(

+        )char(\\b)content(                    # start at word boundary

+        (                     # begin $1  {

+         )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(urls)delimiter(})>content(     :        # need resource and a colon

+         [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(any)delimiter(})>content(] +?          # followed by on or more

+                              #  of any valid character, but

+                              #  be conservative and take only

+                              #  what you need to....

+        \)                     # end   $1  }

+        (?=                   # look-ahead non-consumptive assertion

+         [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(punc)delimiter(})>content(]*           # either 0 or more punctuation

+         [^)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(any)delimiter(})>content(]            #   followed by a non-url char

+         |                    # or else

+         $                    #   then end of the string

+        \)

+    )delimiter(/)modifier(iox)> reserved(do) 

+        string<delimiter(%Q|)content(<A HREF=")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(">)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(</A>)delimiter(|)>

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(print) ident(line)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.23)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^m*(d?c{0,3}|c[dm]\)(l?x{0,3}|x[lc]\)(v?i{0,3}|i[vx]\)$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\S)content(+\)()char(\\s)content(+\)()char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\3)content(\\2)content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(*=)char(\\s)content(*(.*\))char(\\s)content(*$)delimiter(/)>             comment(# keyword is $1, value is $2)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(.{80,})delimiter(/)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(()char(\\d)content(+\)/()char(\\d)content(+\)/()char(\\d)content(+\) ()char(\\d)content(+\):()char(\\d)content(+\):()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(|)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(/usr/bin)delimiter(|)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(/usr/local/bin)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f]\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator({) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(hex)operator(.)ident(chr) operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

+    /)char(\\*)content(                    # Match the opening delimiter

+    .*?                    # Match a minimal number of characters

+    )char(\\*)content(/                    # Match the closing delimiter

+)delimiter(})modifier(xm)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(+$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+comment(# but really, in Ruby we'd just do:)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(strip!)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)content(n)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^.*::)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(

+    ([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\)$)delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(^.*/)delimiter(|)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(cols) operator(=) operator(() operator(()constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(TERMCAP)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(:co#()char(\\d)content(+\):)delimiter(/)> operator(\)) operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) integer(80)operator(;)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)pre_constant(ARGV)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content( /)char(\\S)content(+/)delimiter(|)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rbconfig)delimiter(')>

+ident(include) constant(Config)

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(This isn't Linux)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) constant(CONFIG)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(target_os)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(linux)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(;)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\n)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(nums) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+)char(\\.)content(?)char(\\d)content(*|)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(capwords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(a-z0-9_]+)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(lowords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(A-Z0-9_]+)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(icwords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(a-z0-9_][^)char(\\W)content(A-Z0-9_]*)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(links) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(<A[^>]+?HREF)char(\\s)content(*=)char(\\s)content(*["']?([^'" >]+?\)[ '"]?>)delimiter(/)modifier(mi)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(initial) operator(=) ident(str) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\S)content(+)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(\))char(\\S)content(*)char(\\s)content(+)char(\\S)delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content("([^"]*\)")delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(%q-)content(``)content(\\1)content('')delimiter(-)>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+ident(sentences) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

+    ident(para)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(para)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content( {3,})delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(  )delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(sentences) operator(<<) ident(para)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\S)content(.*?[!?.]\)(?=  |)char(\\Z)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\d)content({4}\)-()char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\)-()char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>            comment(# YYYY in $1, MM in $2, DD in $3)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)content( ^

+      (?:

+       1 )char(\\s)content( (?: )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( )char(\\s)content(\)?            # 1, or 1 and area code

+       |                               # ... or ...

+       )char(\\()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\\))content( )char(\\s)content(                   # area code with parens

+       |                               # ... or ...

+       (?: )char(\\+)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(?)char(\\d)content(? )char(\\s)content(\)?             # optional +country code

+       )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( ([)char(\\s)char(\\-)content(]\)                 # and area code

+      \)

+      )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( ()char(\\s)content(|)char(\\1)content(\)                   # prefix (and area code separator\)

+      )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(                         # exchange

+        $

+ )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\b)content(oh)char(\\s)content(+my)char(\\s)content(+gh?o(d(dess(es\)?|s?\)|odness|sh\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(lines) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+ident(lines) operator(<<) global_variable($1) reserved(while) ident(input)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^([^)char(\\012)char(\\015)content(]*\)()char(\\012)char(\\015)content(?|)char(\\015)char(\\012)content(?\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.0)

+comment(# An IO object being Enumerable, we can use 'each' directly on it)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/local/widgets/data)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(blue)delimiter(/)>

+operator(})

+

+ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/var/log/rubylog.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(mysub)operator(()global_variable($stdin)operator(,) ident(logfile)operator(\))

+

+comment(# The method IO#readline is similar  to IO#gets)

+comment(# but throws an exception when it reaches EOF)

+ident(f) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(bla.txt)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(begin)

+    reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(readline)operator(\))

+        ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)

+        global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(blue)delimiter(/)>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(rescue) constant(EOFError)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(close)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(while) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)                        comment(# reads from STDIN)

+    reserved(unless) operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) 

+        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No digit found.)delimiter(")>   comment(# writes to STDERR)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Read: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>                   comment(# writes to STDOUT)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp/log)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(logfile)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+comment(# $defout (or its synonym '$>'\) is the destination of output)

+comment(# for Kernel#print, Kernel#puts, and family functions)

+ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(log.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(old) operator(=) global_variable($defout)

+global_variable($defout) operator(=) ident(logfile)                 comment(# switch to logfile for output)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Countdown initiated ...)delimiter(")>

+global_variable($defout) operator(=) ident(old)                     comment(# return to original output)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You have 30 seconds to reach minimum safety distance.)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.1)

+ident(source) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for reading only)

+ident(sink)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for writing only)

+

+ident(source) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDONLY)operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for reading only)

+ident(sink)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for writing only)

+

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open "path" for reading and writing)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\)) comment(# open "path" with the flags "flags" (see examples below for flags\))

+

+comment(# open file "path" read only)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDONLY)operator(\))

+

+comment(# open file "path" write only, create it if it does not exist)

+comment(# truncate it to zero length if it exists)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(TRUNC)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) 

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(TRUNC)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))  comment(# with permission 0666)

+

+comment(# open file "path" write only, fails if file exists)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) 

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) 

+

+comment(# open file "path" for appending)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(a)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) 

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) 

+

+comment(# open file "path" for appending only when file exists)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(\)) 

+

+comment(# open file "path" for reading and writing)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(\))

+

+comment(# open file for reading and writing, create a new file if it does not exist)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0600)operator(\))

+

+comment(# open file "path" reading and writing, fails if file exists)

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

+ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0600)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.2)

+comment(# No problem with Ruby since the filename doesn't contain characters with)

+comment(# special meaning; like Perl's sysopen)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.3)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~root/tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#=> "/root/tmp")

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~rpcuser)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#=> "/var/lib/nfs")

+

+comment(# To expand ~/.. it explicitely needs the environment variable HOME)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~/tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#=> "/home/gc/tmp")

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.4)

+comment(# The exception raised in Ruby reports the filename)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(afile)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.5)

+comment(# Standard Ruby distribution provides the following useful extension)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(tempfile)delimiter(')>

+comment(# With the Tempfile class, the file is automatically deleted on garbage)

+comment(# collection, so you won't need to remove it, later on.)

+ident(tf) operator(=) constant(Tempfile)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# a name is required to create the filename)

+

+comment(# If you need to pass the filename to an external program you can use)

+comment(# File#path, but don't forget to File#flush in order to flush anything)

+comment(# living in some buffer somewhere.)

+ident(tf)operator(.)ident(flush)

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/dowhatever )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tf)operator(.)ident(path)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Tempfile)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(fh)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)                comment(# autoflushes)

+integer(10)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(i) operator(})

+ident(fh)operator(.)ident(rewind)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(Tmp file has: )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(readlines)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.6)

+reserved(while) operator(()pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\)) reserved(do)

+    comment(# process the line  )

+reserved(end)

+comment(__END__

+# your data goes here

+# __DATA__ doesn't exist in Ruby

+

+)comment(#CODE)

+comment(# get info about the script (size, date of last modification\))

+ident(kilosize) operator(=) pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(size) operator(/) integer(1024)

+ident(last_modif) operator(=) pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(mtime)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(<P>Script size is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(kilosize)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(<P>Last script update: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(last_modif)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+comment(__END__

+# DO NOT REMOVE THE PRECEEDING LINE.

+# Everything else in this file will be ignored.

+)comment(#CODE)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.7)

+reserved(while) ident(line) operator(=) ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    comment(# do something with line.)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#  or )

+reserved(while) ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    comment(# do something with $_)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# or more rubyish)

+global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    comment(# do stuff with line)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# ARGF may makes this more easy)

+comment(# this is skipped if ARGV.size==0)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|) 

+    comment(# closing and exception handling are done by the block)

+    ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(fd)operator(|) 

+        ident(fd)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+            comment(# do stuff with line)

+        reserved(end)   

+    reserved(end) reserved(rescue) ident(abort)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(can't open %s)delimiter(")> operator(%) ident(filename)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# globbing is done in the Dir module)

+pre_constant(ARGV) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(*.[Cch])delimiter(")>operator(]) reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?)

+

+comment(# note: optparse is the preferred way to handle this)

+reserved(if) operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(-c)delimiter(')>operator(\))  

+    ident(chop_first) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+    pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# processing numerical options)

+reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^-()char(\\d)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

+    ident(columns) operator(=) global_variable($1)

+    pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# again, better to use optparse:)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(optparse)delimiter(')>

+ident(nostdout) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(append) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(unbuffer) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(ignore_ints) operator(=) integer(0)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(options) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(opt)operator(|)

+    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-n)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(nostdout) operator(+)operator(=)integer(1) operator(})

+    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-a)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(append)   operator(+)operator(=)integer(1) operator(})

+    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-u)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(unbuffer) operator(+)operator(=)integer(1) operator(})

+    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-i)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(ignore_ints) operator(+)operator(=)integer(1) operator(})

+    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(parse!)

+reserved(end) reserved(or) ident(abort)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(usage: )delimiter(")> operator(+) pre_constant(__FILE__) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content( [-ainu] [filenames])delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(# no need to do undef $/, we have File.read)

+ident(str) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

+

+comment(# again we have File.read)

+ident(str) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

+

+comment(# not sure what this should do:)

+comment(# I believe open the file, print filename, lineno and line:)

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each_with_index) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(,) ident(idx)operator(|)

+    ident(print) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(idx)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(;)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(line)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# print all the lines in every file passed via command line that contains login)

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(login)delimiter(/)>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#)

+comment(# even this would fit)

+comment(#%ruby -ne "print if /f/" 2.log)

+comment(#)

+

+pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(l)operator(.)ident(downcase!) operator(})

+

+comment(#------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -p)

+comment(# just like perl's -p)

+global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(downcase!)

+comment(#)

+

+comment(# I don't know who should I trust. )

+comment(# perl's version splits on \\w+ while python's on \\w.)

+

+ident(chunks) operator(=) integer(0)

+

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

+    reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(word) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>

+    reserved(break) reserved(if) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(__DATA__)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(__END__)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(member?) ident(word)

+    ident(chunks) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1) 

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Found )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(chunks)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( chunks)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.8)

+ident(old) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(old_file)operator(\))

+ident(new) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(new_file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    comment(# change $_, then...)

+    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

+reserved(end)

+ident(old)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(new)operator(.)ident(close)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(old_file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(old.orig)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(new_file)operator(,) ident(old_file)operator(\))

+

+reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(20) reserved(then) comment(# we are at the 20th line)

+        ident(new)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Extra line 1)delimiter(")>

+        ident(new)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Extra line 2)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    reserved(next) reserved(if) integer(20)operator(..)integer(30) comment(# skip the 20th line to the 30th)

+                   comment(# Ruby (and Perl\) permit to write if 20..30 )

+                   comment(# instead of if (20 <= $.\) and ($. <= 30\))

+    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.9)

+comment(#% ruby -i.orig -pe 'FILTER COMMAND' file1 file2 file3 ...)

+comment(#)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(##!/usr/bin/ruby -i.orig -p)

+comment(# filter commands go here)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+comment(#% ruby -pi.orig -e 'gsub!(/DATE/\){Time.now\)')

+

+comment(# effectively becomes:)

+pre_constant(ARGV) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(I)delimiter(')>

+ident(oldfile) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename) operator(!)operator(=) ident(oldfile)

+        ident(newfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename)

+        constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,) ident(newfile) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(.orig)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        ident(oldfile) operator(=) ident(newfile)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(DATE)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator({)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(})

+    ident(print) 

+reserved(end)

+global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(STDOUT)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% ruby -i.old -pe 'gsub!(%r{\\bhisvar\\b}, 'hervar'\)' *.[Cchy])

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# set up to iterate over the *.c files in the current directory,)

+comment(# editing in place and saving the old file with a .orig extension)

+global_variable($-i) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(.orig)delimiter(')>                       comment(# set up -i mode)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(replace)operator(()constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(*.[Cchy])delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(1)

+        ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(This line should appear at the top of each file)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content((p\)earl)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)content(erl)delimiter(')>operator(\))    comment(# Correct typos, preserving case)

+    ident(print)

+    pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(close) reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(eof)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.10)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(itest)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)   comment(# open file for update)

+    ident(lines) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(readlines)           comment(# read into array of lines)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(it)operator(|)            comment(# modify lines)

+        ident(it)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(foo)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(QQQ)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)                     comment(# back to start)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(print) ident(lines)                 comment(# write out modified lines)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos)operator(\))             comment(# truncate to new length)

+reserved(end)                               comment(# file is automatically closed)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(itest)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)   

+    ident(out) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+        ident(out) operator(<<) ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(DATE)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)                     

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(print) ident(out)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos)operator(\))             

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.11)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(infile)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)

+    comment(# update file)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_SH)     comment(# shared lock (for reading\))

+constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)     comment(# exclusive lock (for writing\))

+constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_NB)     comment(# non-blocking request)

+constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_UN)     comment(# free lock)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(unless) ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX) operator(|) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_NB)

+    ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(can't get immediate lock: blocking ...)delimiter(")>

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX) 

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(numfile)delimiter(')>operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock)operator(()constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)operator(\))

+    ident(num) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(||) integer(0)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate) integer(0)

+    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(num) operator(+) integer(1)ident(q)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.12)

+ident(output_handle)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+comment(# Please note that like in Perl, $stderr is already unbuffered)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# seeme - demo stdio output buffering)

+global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(0)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Now you don't see it...)delimiter(")>

+ident(sleep) integer(2)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(now you do)delimiter(")>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+ident(afile)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# assume 'remote_con' is an interactive socket handle,)

+comment(# but 'disk_file' is a handle to a regular file.)

+ident(remote_con)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)       comment(# unbuffer for clarity)

+ident(disk_file)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(false)       comment(# buffered for speed)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+ident(sock) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(,) integer(80)operator(\))

+ident(sock)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+ident(sock)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(GET /en/ HTTP/1.0 )char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(resp) operator(=) ident(sock)operator(.)ident(read)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(DOC IS: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(resp)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.13)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# assumes fh1, fh2, fh2 are oen IO objects)

+ident(nfound) operator(=) ident(select)operator(()operator([)global_variable($stdin)operator(,) ident(fh1)operator(,) ident(fh2)operator(,) ident(fh3)operator(])operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+ident(nfound)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+    reserved(case) ident(file)

+        reserved(when) ident(fh1)

+            comment(# do something with fh1)

+        reserved(when) ident(fh2)

+            comment(# do something with fh2)

+        reserved(when) ident(fh3)

+            comment(# do something with fh3)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(input_files) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+comment(# repeat next line for all in-files to poll)

+ident(input_files) operator(<<) ident(fh1)

+reserved(if) ident(nfound) operator(=) ident(select)operator(()ident(input_files)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+    comment(# input ready on files in nfound[0])

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.0)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# datafile is a file or IO object)

+ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

+    ident(size) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(length)

+    ident(puts) ident(size)

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(.)ident(length)

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(lines) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(whole_file) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# ruby -040 -e 'word = gets; puts "First word is #{word}"')

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $/="%%\\n" }; $_.chomp; puts $_ if( $_=~/Unix/i\)' fortune.dat)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(handle)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(one)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(two)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(three)delimiter(")> comment(# "onetwothree")

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Baa baa black sheep.)delimiter(")>        comment(# sent to $stdout)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(buffer) operator(=) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()integer(4096)operator(\))

+ident(rv)     operator(=) ident(buffer)operator(.)ident(length)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(handle)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(length)operator(\))

+ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($$)delimiter(})>content(.pid)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(handle)operator(|) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(length)operator(\)) operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(pos) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(pos)  comment(# tell is an alias of pos)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(I'm )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pos)delimiter(})>content( bytes from the start of datafile)delimiter(")>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(logfile)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_END)operator(\))

+ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()ident(pos)operator(\))  comment(#  IO::SEEK_SET is the default)

+ident(out)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()operator(-)integer(20)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_CUR)operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(written) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(syswrite)operator(()ident(mystring)operator(\))

+ident(raise) constant(RunTimeError) reserved(unless) ident(written) operator(==) ident(mystring)operator(.)ident(length)

+ident(block) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(sysread)operator(()integer(256)operator(\))   comment(# no equivalent to perl offset parameter in sysread)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(only read )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(block)operator(.)ident(length)delimiter(})>content( bytes)delimiter(")> reserved(if) integer(256) operator(!)operator(=) ident(block)operator(.)ident(length)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(pos) operator(=) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(sysseek)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_CUR)operator(\))  comment(# don't change position)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.1)

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\))

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

+    ident(nextline) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+    ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)content($)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(match)operator(|) ident(nextline) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(;) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(})

+    reserved(if) operator(()ident(nextline) operator(!)operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

+        ident(line) operator(+)operator(=) ident(nextline) 

+        reserved(redo)

+    reserved(end)

+    comment(# process full record in line here)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON\) $(SOURCES\) $(HEADERS\) \\)

+comment(#         $(TEXINFOS\) $(INFOS\) $(MANS\) $(DATA\))

+comment(# DEP_DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON\) $(SOURCES\) $(HEADERS\) \\)

+comment(#         $(TEXINFOS\) $(INFO_DEPS\) $(MANS\) $(DATA\) \\)

+comment(#         $(EXTRA_DIST\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)char(\\s)content(*$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({)

+    comment(# as before)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.2)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(count) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(wc -l < )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>delimiter(`)>

+ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(wc failed: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) global_variable($?) operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(count)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

+    ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

+operator(})

+comment(# count now holds the number of lines read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(chunk) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(sysread)operator(()integer(2)operator(**)integer(16)operator(\))operator(\)) 

+    ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) ident(chunk)operator(.)ident(count)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(end) reserved(rescue) constant(EOFError)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

+    ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

+operator(})

+comment(# count now holds the number of lines read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# As ruby doesn't quite have an equivalent to using a for)

+comment(# statement as in perl, I threw this in)

+ident(count) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(size)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+integer(1) reserved(while) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)

+ident(count) operator(=) global_variable($.)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

+    integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

+    ident(para_count) operator(=) global_variable($.)

+operator(}) reserved(rescue) ident(fail)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(can't open )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>content(: $!)delimiter(")>operator(\)) 

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# ^^PLEAC^^_8.3)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

+    ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(chunk)operator(|)

+        comment(# do something with chunk)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

+    ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content([)char(\\w)content('-]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

+        comment(# do something with word)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Make a word frequency count)

+comment(# normally hashes can be created using {} or just Hash.new)

+comment(# but we want the default value of an entry to be 0 instead )

+comment(# of nil. (nil can't be incremented\))

+ident(seen) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

+    ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content([)char(\\w)content('-]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

+        ident(seen)operator([)ident(word)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+comment(# output hash in a descending numeric sort of its values)

+ident(seen)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

+    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%5d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(v)operator(,) ident(k) operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Line frequency count)

+ident(seen) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

+    ident(seen)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+ident(seen)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

+    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%5d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(v)operator(,) ident(k) operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.4)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# instead of file handle FILE, we can just)

+comment(# use a string containing the filename)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    comment(# do something with line)

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse_each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    comment(# do something with line)

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# the variable lines might have been created)

+comment(# this way)

+comment(# lines = File.readlines(file\))

+comment(#)

+comment(# normally one would use the reverse_each, but)

+comment(# if you insist on using a numerical index to)

+comment(# iterate over the lines array...)

+operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(size) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+    ident(line) operator(=) ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# the second readlines argument is a the )

+comment(# record separator $/, just like perl, a blank)

+comment(# separator splits the records into paragraphs)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(paragraph)operator(|)

+    comment(# do something with paragraph)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(->Paragraph )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(paragraph)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.6)

+

+global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(%)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+ident(srand)operator(;)

+

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/usr/share/fortune/humorists)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+    ident(adage) operator(=) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(rand)operator(()global_variable($.)operator(\)) operator(<) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(puts) ident(adage)operator(;)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.10)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(fh) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(addr) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(tell) reserved(unless) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(eof) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

+    ident(fh)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(addr)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(SystemCallError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.0)

+ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/vi)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()constant(INFILE)operator(\))

+

+ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/vi)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(ctime) operator(=) ident(entry)operator(.)ident(ctime)

+ident(size)  operator(=) ident(entry)operator(.)ident(size)

+

+ident(f) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(## There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness)

+reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(filename)operator(\))

+  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>content( doesn't have text in it.)delimiter(")>

+  ident(exit)

+reserved(end)

+

+constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|)

+  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Inside /usr/bin is something called )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.1)

+ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(readtime)operator(,) ident(writetime) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(.)ident(mtime)

+ident(file)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(readtime)operator(,) ident(writetime)operator(\))  

+

+constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY) operator(=) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)

+ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(.)ident(mtime)

+

+ident(atime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)

+ident(mtime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)

+

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

+ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(testfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(## uvi - vi a file without changing it's access times)

+

+reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(!)operator(=) integer(1)

+  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(usage: uvi filename)delimiter(")>

+  ident(exit)

+reserved(end)

+ident(file) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

+ident(system)operator(()constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(EDITOR)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content(vi)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.2)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()constant(FILENAME)operator(\))

+

+ident(err_flg) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  reserved(begin)

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+  reserved(rescue)

+    ident(err_flg) operator(=) global_variable($!)

+  reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+ident(err_flg) reserved(and) ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't unlink all of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(err_flg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+

+ident(count) operator(=) ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)

+ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  reserved(begin)

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+  reserved(rescue)

+    ident(count) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+  reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(if) ident(count) operator(!)operator(=) ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)

+  constant(STDERR)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(could only delete )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(count)delimiter(})>content( of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)delimiter(})>content( files)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.3)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(ftools)delimiter(")>

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(copy)operator(()ident(oldfile)operator(,) ident(newfile)operator(\))

+

+ident(infile)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(oldfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(outfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(blksize) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(blksize)

+comment(# This doesn't handle partial writes or ^Z)

+comment(# like the Perl version does.)

+reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()ident(blksize)operator(\))operator(\))

+  ident(outfile)operator(.)ident(write)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(infile)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(outfile)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cp )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(oldfile)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))    comment(# unix)

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(copy )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(oldfile)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# dos, vms)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(ftools)delimiter(")>

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(copy)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile.dat)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(datafile.bak)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile.new)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(datafile.dat)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.4)

+global_variable($seen) operator(=) operator({)operator(}) comment(# must use global var to be seen inside of method below)

+

+reserved(def) method(do_my_thing)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+    ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(dev)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(ino)

+    reserved(unless) global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])

+        comment(# do something with $filename because we haven't)

+        comment(# seen it before)

+    reserved(end)

+    global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(files)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|)

+    ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(dev)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(ino)

+    reserved(if) operator(!)global_variable($seen)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(\))

+        global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    reserved(end)

+    global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+global_variable($seen)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(devino)operator(|)

+    ident(ino)operator(,) ident(dev) operator(=) ident(devino)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($seen)operator([)ident(devino)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(1)

+        comment(# $seen[devino] is a list of filenames for the same file)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.5)

+constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dirname)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

+    ident(dir)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+        comment(# do something with dirname/file)

+        ident(puts) ident(file)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(# Dir.close is automatic)

+

+comment(# No -T equivalent in Ruby)

+

+ident(dir)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+    reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(file) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)char(\\.)content(?$)delimiter(/)>

+    comment(# ...)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(plainfiles)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

+    ident(dh) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

+    ident(dh)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^[^.])delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)

+        ident(map)      operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)

+        ident(find_all) operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?f)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))operator(})operator(.)

+        ident(sort)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.6)

+ident(list) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(glob)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(*.c)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(dir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(files) operator(=) ident(dir)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(c$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(dir)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+ident(files) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(glob)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(*.c)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(files) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))

+

+ident(dir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(files) operator(=) ident(dir)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))

+

+reserved(begin)

+  ident(d) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(ENOENT)

+  ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't open )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content( for reading: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(files) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+ident(d)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(puts) ident(file)

+  reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(file) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

+

+  ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+  comment(# There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness)

+  ident(files)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(filename)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(dirs)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)

+             ident(map)    operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) operator([)ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(path)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(])operator(}) operator(.)

+             ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(})operator(.)

+             ident(sort)   operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|)  ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

+             ident(map)    operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(file)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.7)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(dirlist)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  comment(# do whatever)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(print) ident(file)operator(,) operator(()ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(/)char(\\n)delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(size) operator(=) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(||) integer(0)

+  ident(sum) operator(+)operator(=) ident(size)

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(argv)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( contains )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sum)delimiter(})>content( bytes)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(saved_size)operator(,) ident(saved_name) operator(=) operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(size) operator(=) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(||) integer(0)

+  reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?f)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(&&) ident(size) operator(>) ident(saved_size)

+  ident(saved_size) operator(=) ident(size)

+  ident(saved_name) operator(=) ident(file)

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Biggest file )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(saved_name)delimiter(})>content( in )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(argv)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(saved_size)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(age)operator(,) ident(name) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

+  reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(age) operator(&&) ident(age) operator(>) ident(mtime)

+  ident(age) operator(=) ident(mtime)

+  ident(name) operator(=) ident(file)

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(age)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# fdirs - find all directories)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(file) reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.8)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(fileutils)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Usage )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( dir ...)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

+  constant(FileUtils)operator(.)ident(rmtree)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.9)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ftools)delimiter(')>

+ident(names)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(newname) operator(=) ident(file)

+  reserved(begin)

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) ident(newname)operator(\))

+  reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(EPERM)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't rename )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>content( to )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newname)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+  reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ftools)delimiter(')>

+ident(op) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) operator(()ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Usage: rename expr [files])char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

+ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(f)operator(.)ident(chomp) operator(}) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(argv)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+  ident(was) operator(=) ident(file)

+  ident(file) operator(=) ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(file.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(op)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+  constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()ident(was)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(was) operator(==) ident(file)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.10)

+ident(base) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(dir)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+comment(# ruby has no fileparse equivalent)

+ident(dir)operator(,) ident(base) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(ext) operator(=) ident(base)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(.*$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s)

+

+ident(path) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')>

+ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(dir)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dir is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(, file is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+comment(# dir is /usr/lib, file is libc.a)

+

+ident(path) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')>

+ident(dir)operator(,) ident(filename) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+ident(name)operator(,) ident(ext) operator(=) ident(filename)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((?=)char(\\.)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dir is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(, name is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content(, ext is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ext)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+comment(#   NOTE: The Ruby code prints)

+comment(#   dir is /usr/lib, name is libc, extension is .a)

+comment(#     while the Perl code prints a '/' after the directory name)

+comment(#   dir is /usr/lib/, name is libc, extension is .a)

+

+comment(# No fileparse_set_fstype(\) equivalent in ruby)

+

+reserved(def) method(extension)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

+    ident(ext) operator(=) ident(path)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(.*$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s)

+    ident(ext)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.11)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# symirror - build spectral forest of symlinks)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(fileutils)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( realdir mirrordir)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(2)

+

+ident(srcdir)operator(,)ident(dstdir) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(srcmode) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mode)

+constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()ident(dstdir)operator(,) ident(srcmode) operator(&) integer(07777)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(dstdir)operator(\))

+

+comment(# fix relative paths)

+constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\)) operator({)ident(srcdir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(})

+constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(dstdir)operator(\)) operator({)ident(dstdir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(})

+

+constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(srcfile)operator(|) 

+    reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(srcfile)operator(\))

+        ident(dest) operator(=) ident(srcfile)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(srcdir)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>operator(,) ident(dstdir)operator(\))

+        ident(dmode) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(srcfile)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mode) operator(&) integer(07777)

+        constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()ident(dest)operator(,) ident(dmode)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(dest)operator(\))

+        ident(a) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(srcfile)delimiter(})>content(/*)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(reject)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))operator(})

+        constant(FileUtils)operator(.)ident(ln_s)operator(()ident(a)operator(,) ident(dest)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.12)

+comment(# we use the Getopt/Declare library here for convenience:)

+comment(#   http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/getoptdeclare/)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# lst - list sorted directory contents (depth first\))

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(etc)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(Getopt/Declare)delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# Note: in the option-spec below there must by at least one hard)

+comment(# tab in between each -option and its description. For example)

+comment(#    -i <tab> read from stdin)

+

+ident(opts) operator(=) constant(Getopt)operator(::)constant(Declare)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(<<'EOPARAM')>operator(\))string<content(

+    ============

+    Input Format:

+        -i	read from stdin

+    ============

+    Output Format:

+        -l	long listing

+        -r	reverse listing

+    ============

+    Sort on: (one of\)

+        -m	mtime (modify time - default\)

+                {$sort_criteria = :mtime}

+        -u	atime (access time\)

+                {$sort_criteria = :atime}

+        -c	ctime (inode change time\)

+                {$sort_criteria = :ctime}

+        -s	size

+                {$sort_criteria = :size}

+        [mutex: -m -u -c -s]

+)delimiter(

+EOPARAM)>

+

+global_variable($sort_criteria) operator(||)operator(=) symbol(:mtime)

+ident(files) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+constant(DIRS) operator(=) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-i)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(?) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)ident(f)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(}) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

+constant(DIRS)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

+    constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ent)operator(|)

+        ident(files)operator([)ident(ent)operator(]) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(ent)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+ident(entries) operator(=) ident(files)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort_by)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(files)operator([)ident(f)operator(])operator(.)ident(send)operator(()global_variable($sort_criteria)operator(\))operator(})

+ident(entries) operator(=) ident(entries)operator(.)ident(reverse) reserved(unless) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-r)delimiter(')>operator(])

+

+ident(entries)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ent)operator(|)

+    reserved(unless) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-l)delimiter(')>operator(])

+        ident(puts) ident(ent)

+        reserved(next)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(stats) operator(=) ident(files)operator([)ident(ent)operator(])

+    ident(ftime) operator(=) ident(stats)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()global_variable($sort_criteria) operator(==) symbol(:size) operator(?) symbol(:mtime) operator(:) global_variable($sort_criteria)operator(\))

+    ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%6d %04o %6d %8s %8s %8d %s %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(ino)operator(,)

+        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(mode) operator(&) integer(07777)operator(,)

+        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(nlink)operator(,)

+        constant(ETC)operator(::)constant(PASSWD)operator([)ident(stats)operator(.)ident(uid)operator(])operator(.)ident(name)operator(,)

+        constant(ETC)operator(::)constant(GROUP)operator([)ident(stats)operator(.)ident(gid)operator(])operator(.)ident(name)operator(,)

+        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,)

+        ident(ftime)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,)

+        ident(ent)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.0)

+reserved(def) method(hello)

+    global_variable($greeted) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)      comment(# in Ruby, a variable beginning with $ is global (can be any type of course\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hi there!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# We need to initialize $greeted before it can be used, because "+=" is waiting a Numeric object)

+global_variable($greeted) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(hello)                  comment(# note that appending (\) is optional to function calls with no parameters)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.1)

+comment(# In Ruby, parameters are named anyway)

+reserved(def) method(hypotenuse)operator(()ident(side1)operator(,) ident(side2)operator(\))

+    constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(side1)operator(**)integer(2) operator(+) ident(side2)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))    comment(# the sqrt function comes from the Math module)

+reserved(end)

+ident(diag) operator(=) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))

+

+ident(puts) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))

+

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([)integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(])

+ident(print) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()operator(*)ident(a)operator(\))                  comment(# the star operator will magically convert an Array into a "tuple")

+

+ident(both) operator(=) ident(men) operator(+) ident(women)

+

+comment(# In Ruby, all objects are references, so the same problem arises; we then return a new object)

+ident(nums) operator(=) operator([)float(1.4)operator(,) float(3.5)operator(,) float(6.7)operator(])

+reserved(def) method(int_all)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(n)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})

+reserved(end)

+ident(ints) operator(=) ident(int_all)operator(()ident(nums)operator(\))

+

+ident(nums) operator(=) operator([)float(1.4)operator(,) float(3.5)operator(,) float(6.7)operator(])

+reserved(def) method(trunc_em)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(n)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})         comment(# the bang-version of collect modifies the object)

+reserved(end)

+ident(trunc_em)operator(()ident(nums)operator(\))

+

+comment(# Ruby has two chomp version:)

+comment(# ``chomp'' chomps the record separator and returns what's expected)

+comment(# ``chomp!'' does the same but also modifies the parameter object)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.2)

+reserved(def) method(somefunc)

+    ident(variable) operator(=) ident(something)  comment(# variable is local by default)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(name)operator(,) ident(age) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

+ident(start)     operator(=) ident(fetch_time)

+

+ident(a)operator(,) ident(b) operator(=) ident(pair)               comment(# will succeed if pair is an Array object (like ARGV is\))

+ident(c) operator(=) ident(fetch_time)

+

+comment(# In ruby, run_check can't access a, b, or c until they are)

+comment(# explicitely defined global (using leading $\), even if they are)

+comment(# both defined in the same scope)

+

+reserved(def) method(check_x)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

+    ident(y) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(whatever)delimiter(")>

+    ident(run_check)

+    reserved(if) global_variable($condition)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(got $x)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# The following will keep a reference to the array, though the)

+comment(# results will be slightly different from perl: the last element)

+comment(# of $global_array will be itself an array)

+reserved(def) method(save_array)operator(()ident(ary)operator(\))

+    global_variable($global_array) operator(<<) ident(ary)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# The following gives the same results as in Perl for $global_array,)

+comment(# though it doesn't illustrate anymore the way to keep a reference)

+comment(# to an object: $global_array is extended with the elements of ary)

+reserved(def) method(save_array)operator(()ident(ary)operator(\))

+    global_variable($global_array) operator(+)operator(=) ident(ary)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.3)

+comment(# In Ruby, AFAIK a method cannot access "local variables" defined)

+comment(# upper scope; mostly because everything is an object, so you'll)

+comment(# do the same by defining an attribute or a static attribute)

+

+comment(# In Ruby the BEGIN also exists:)

+reserved(BEGIN) operator({) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from BEGIN)delimiter(")> operator(})

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from main)delimiter(")>

+reserved(BEGIN) operator({) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from 2nd BEGIN)delimiter(")> operator(})

+comment(# gives:)

+comment(#   hello from BEGIN)

+comment(#   hello from 2nd BEGIN)

+comment(#   hello from main)

+

+comment(# In Ruby, it can be written as a static method and a static)

+comment(# variable)

+reserved(class) class(Counter)

+    class_variable(@@counter) operator(=) integer(0)

+    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(next_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# There is no need of BEGIN since the variable will get)

+comment(# initialized when parsing)

+reserved(class) class(Counter)

+    class_variable(@@counter) operator(=) integer(42)

+    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(next_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(prev_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.4)

+comment(# You can either get the whole trace as an array of strings, each)

+comment(# string telling which file, line and method is calling:)

+ident(caller)

+

+comment(# ...or only the last caller)

+ident(caller)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+

+comment(# We need to extract just the method name of the backtrace:)

+reserved(def) method(whoami)operator(;)  ident(caller)operator(()operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(in `([^']+\)')delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content((anonymous\))delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(whowasi)operator(;) ident(caller)operator(()operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(in `([^']+\)')delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content((anonymous\))delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.5)

+comment(# In Ruby, every value is a reference on an object, thus there is)

+comment(# no such problem)

+ident(array_diff)operator(()ident(array1)operator(,) ident(array2)operator(\))

+

+reserved(def) method(add_vecpair)operator(()ident(a1)operator(,) ident(a2)operator(\))

+    ident(results) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    ident(a1)operator(.)ident(each_index) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(results) operator(<<) operator(()ident(a1)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) operator(+) ident(a2)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(\)) operator(})

+    ident(results)

+reserved(end)

+ident(a) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])

+ident(b) operator(=) operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(8)operator(])

+ident(c) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()ident(a)operator(,) ident(b)operator(\))

+ident(p) ident(c)

+

+comment(# Add this to the beginning of the function to check if we were)

+comment(# given two arrays)

+ident(a1)operator(.)ident(type) operator(==) constant(Array) operator(&&) ident(a2)operator(.)ident(type) operator(==) constant(Array) reserved(or)

+    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: add_vecpair array1 array2 (was used with: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a1)operator(.)ident(type)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a2)operator(.)ident(type)delimiter(})>content(\))delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.6)

+comment(# There is no return context in Ruby)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.7)

+comment(# Like in Perl, we need to fake with a hash, but it's dirty :-()

+reserved(def) method(thefunc)operator(()ident(param_args)operator(\))

+    ident(args) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(10s)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(FINISH)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(0)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(START)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(0) operator(})

+    ident(args)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(param_args)operator(\))

+    reserved(if) operator(()ident(args)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')>operator(])  operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(m$)delimiter(/)> operator(\))

+        comment(# .....)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(thefunc)operator(()operator({) string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(20s)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(START)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(+5m)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(FINISH)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(+30m)delimiter(')> operator(})operator(\))

+ident(thefunc)operator(()operator({)operator(})operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.8)

+comment(# there is no "undef" direct equivalent but there is the slice equiv:)

+ident(a)operator(,) ident(c) operator(=) ident(func)operator(.)ident(indexes)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.9)

+comment(# Ruby has no such limitation:)

+reserved(def) method(somefunc)

+    ident(ary) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    ident(hash) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+    comment(# ...)

+    reserved(return) ident(ary)operator(,) ident(hash)

+reserved(end)

+ident(arr)operator(,) ident(dict) operator(=) ident(somefunc)

+

+ident(array_of_hashes) operator(=) ident(fn)

+ident(h1)operator(,) ident(h2)operator(,) ident(h3)      operator(=) ident(fn)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.10)

+reserved(return)

+comment(# or (equivalent\))

+reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.11)

+comment(# You can't prototype in Ruby regarding types :-()

+comment(# Though, you can force the number of arguments:)

+reserved(def) method(func_with_no_arg)operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(func_with_no_arg)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(func_with_one_arg)operator(()ident(a1)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(func_with_two_args)operator(()ident(a1)operator(,) ident(a2)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(func_with_any_number_of_args)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.12)

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(some message)delimiter(")>        comment(# raise exception)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(val) operator(=) ident(func)

+reserved(rescue) constant(Exception) operator(=)operator(>) ident(msg)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(func raised an exception: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(msg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# In Ruby the rescue statement uses an exception class, every)

+comment(# exception which is not matched is still continuing)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(val) operator(=) ident(func)

+reserved(rescue) constant(FullMoonError)

+    operator(...)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.13)

+comment(# Saving Global Values)

+comment(# Of course we can just save the value and restore it later:)

+reserved(def) method(print_age)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Age is )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($age)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(18)         comment(# global variable)

+ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(if) ident(condition)

+    ident(safeage) operator(=) global_variable($age)

+    global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(23)

+    ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

+    global_variable($age) operator(=) ident(safeage)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# We can also use a method that saves the global variable and)

+comment(# restores it automatically when the block is left:)

+

+reserved(def) method(local)operator(()ident(var)operator(\))

+    ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(save = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)operator(.)ident(id2name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(begin)

+        ident(result) operator(=) reserved(yield)

+    reserved(ensure)

+        comment(# we want to call this even if we got an exception)

+        ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)operator(.)ident(id2name)delimiter(})>content( = save)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(result)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(condition) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(18)

+ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(if) ident(condition)

+    ident(local)operator(()symbol(:$age)operator(\)) operator({)

+        global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(23)

+        ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

+

+comment(# There is no need to use local(\) for filehandles or directory)

+comment(# handles in ruby because filehandles are normal objects.)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.14)

+comment(# In Ruby you may redefine a method [but not overload it :-(])

+comment(# just by defining again with the same name.)

+reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+ident(foo)

+comment(#=> bar)

+

+comment(# You can also take a reference to an existing method before)

+comment(# redefining a new one, using the `alias' keyword)

+reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+reserved(alias) ident(foo_orig) ident(foo)

+reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

+ident(foo_orig)

+ident(foo)

+comment(#=> foo)

+comment(#=> bar)

+

+comment(# AFAIK, there is no direct way to create a new method whose name)

+comment(# comes from a variable, so use "eval")

+ident(colors) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)delimiter(\))>

+ident(colors)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|)

+    ident(eval) string<delimiter(<<-EOS)>string<content(

+    def )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>content((*a\)

+        "<FONT COLOR=')inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>content('>" + a.to_s + "</FONT>"

+    end)delimiter(

+    EOS)>

+operator(}) 

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.15)

+reserved(def) method(method_missing)operator(()ident(name)operator(,) operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

+    string<delimiter(")content(<FONT COLOR=')inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content('>)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(args)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(</FONT>)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) ident(chartreuse)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(stuff)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.16)

+reserved(def) method(outer)operator(()ident(arg)operator(\))

+    ident(x) operator(=) ident(arg) operator(+) integer(35)

+    ident(inner) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({) ident(x) operator(*) integer(19) operator(})

+    ident(x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(.)ident(call)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.17)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# mailsort - sort mbox by different criteria)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(English)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Date)delimiter(')>

+

+comment(# Objects of class Mail represent a single mail.)

+reserved(class) class(Mail)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:no)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:subject)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:fulltext)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:date)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@fulltext) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+        instance_variable(@subject) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(append)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@fulltext) operator(<<) ident(para)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# this is called if you call puts(mail\))

+    reserved(def) method(to_s)

+        instance_variable(@fulltext)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# represents a list of mails.)

+reserved(class) class(Mailbox) operator(<) constant(Array)

+

+    constant(Subjectpattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(Subject:)content(\\s)content(*(?:Re:)content(\\s)content(*\)*(.*\))content(\\n)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    constant(Datepattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(Date:)content(\\s)content(*(.*\))content(\\n)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+    comment(# reads mails from open file and stores them)

+    reserved(def) method(read)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+        global_variable($INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>  comment(# paragraph reads)

+        ident(msgno) operator(=) operator(-)integer(1)

+        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

+            reserved(if) ident(para) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From)delimiter(/)>

+                ident(mail) operator(=) constant(Mail)operator(.)ident(new)

+                ident(mail)operator(.)ident(no) operator(=) operator(()ident(msgno) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))

+                ident(md) operator(=) constant(Subjectpattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

+                reserved(if) ident(md)

+                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(subject) operator(=) ident(md)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+                reserved(end)

+                ident(md) operator(=) constant(Datepattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

+                reserved(if) ident(md)

+                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(date) operator(=) constant(DateTime)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(md)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+                reserved(else)

+                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(date) operator(=) constant(DateTime)operator(.)ident(now)

+                reserved(end)

+                pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(mail)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+            ident(mail)operator(.)ident(append)operator(()ident(para)operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(mail)

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(sort_by_subject_and_no)

+        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(sort_by) operator({) operator(|)ident(m)operator(|)

+            operator([)ident(m)operator(.)ident(subject)operator(,) ident(m)operator(.)ident(no)operator(])

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# sorts by a list of attributs of mail, given as symbols)

+    reserved(def) method(sort_by_attributs)operator(()operator(*)ident(attrs)operator(\))

+        comment(# you can sort an Enumerable by an array of)

+        comment(# values, they would be compared)

+        comment(# from ary[0] to ary[n]t, say:)

+        comment(# ['b',1] > ['a',10] > ['a',9])

+        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(sort_by) operator({) operator(|)ident(elem)operator(|)

+            ident(attrs)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(attr)operator(|)

+                ident(elem)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(attr)operator(\))

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(mailbox) operator(=) constant(Mailbox)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGF)operator(\))

+

+comment(# print only subjects sorted by subject and number)

+reserved(for) ident(m) reserved(in) ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(sort_by_subject_and_no)

+    ident(puts)operator(()ident(m)operator(.)ident(subject)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# print complete mails sorted by date, then subject, then number)

+reserved(for) ident(m) reserved(in) ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(sort_by_attributs)operator(()symbol(:date)operator(,) symbol(:subject)operator(\))

+    ident(puts)operator(()ident(m)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_11.7)

+reserved(def) method(mkcounter)operator(()ident(count)operator(\))

+    ident(start)  operator(=) ident(count) 

+    ident(bundle) operator(=) operator({) 

+        string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1) operator(})operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1) operator(})operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(")content(RESET)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(=) ident(start) operator(})

+    operator(})

+    ident(bundle)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(LAST)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) ident(bundle)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>operator(])

+    reserved(return) ident(bundle)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(c1) operator(=) ident(mkcounter)operator(()integer(20)operator(\))

+ident(c2) operator(=) ident(mkcounter)operator(()integer(77)operator(\))

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 21 )

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c2: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c2)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 78 )

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 22 )

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(last c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 21 )

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(last c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(LAST)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 20 )

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(old  c2: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c2)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(RESET)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> comment(# 77 )

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_11.15)

+reserved(class) class(Binary_tree)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@value) operator(=) ident(val)

+        instance_variable(@left) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+        instance_variable(@right) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    comment(# insert given value into proper point of)

+    comment(# provided tree.  If no tree provided, )

+    comment(# use implicit pass by reference aspect of @_)

+    comment(# to fill one in for our caller.)

+    reserved(def) method(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+        reserved(if) ident(val) operator(<) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

+            reserved(if) instance_variable(@left) reserved(then)

+                instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+            reserved(else)

+                instance_variable(@left) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(elsif) ident(val) operator(>) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

+            reserved(if) instance_variable(@right) reserved(then)

+                instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+            reserved(else)

+                instance_variable(@right) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(double)delimiter(")>

+            comment(# do nothing, no double values)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# recurse on left child, )

+    comment(# then show current value, )

+    comment(# then recurse on right child.  )

+    reserved(def) method(in_order)

+        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(in_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

+        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(in_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    comment(# show current value, )

+    comment(# then recurse on left child, )

+    comment(# then recurse on right child.)

+    reserved(def) method(pre_order)

+        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(pre_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

+        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(pre_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# recurse on left child, )

+    comment(# then recurse on right child,)

+    comment(# then show current value.)

+    reserved(def) method(post_order)

+        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(post_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

+        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(post_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

+        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# find out whether provided value is in the tree.)

+    comment(# if so, return the node at which the value was found.)

+    comment(# cut down search time by only looking in the correct)

+    comment(# branch, based on current value.)

+    reserved(def) method(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+        reserved(if) ident(val) operator(==) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

+            reserved(return) pre_constant(self)

+        reserved(elsif) ident(val) operator(<) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

+            reserved(return) instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\)) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

+            reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(else)

+            reserved(return) instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\)) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

+            reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# first generate 20 random inserts)

+ident(test) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

+reserved(for) ident(a) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(..)integer(20)

+    ident(test)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(rand)operator(()integer(1000)operator(\))operator(\)) 

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# now dump out the tree all three ways)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Pre order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(pre_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(In order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(in_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Post order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(post_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(search?)delimiter(")>

+reserved(while) ident(gets)

+    ident(print) ident(test)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

+    ident(print) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(search?)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.0)

+comment(# class and module names need to have the first letter capitalized)

+reserved(module) class(Alpha)

+    constant(NAME) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(first)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+reserved(module) class(Omega)

+    constant(NAME) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(last)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Alpha)operator(::)constant(NAME)delimiter(})>content(, Omega is )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Omega)operator(::)constant(NAME)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# ruby doesn't differentiate beteen compile-time and run-time)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(getoptlong.rb)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(getoptlong)delimiter(')>     comment(# assumes the .rb)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker.rb)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker)delimiter(')>    comment(# assumes the .rb)

+ident(load)    string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker)delimiter(')>    comment(# require only loads the file once)

+

+reserved(module) class(Cards)

+    reserved(module) class(Poker)

+        instance_variable(@card_deck) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new) comment(# or @card_deck = [])

+        reserved(def) method(shuffle)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.1)

+comment(# a module exports all of its functions)

+reserved(module) class(Your_Module)

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(function)

+        comment(# this would be called as Your_Module.function)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) constant(Your_Module)operator(.)ident(another)

+        comment(# this is the same as above, but more specific)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.2)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(nonexistent)delimiter(')>

+reserved(rescue) constant(LoadError)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't load )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# $! contains the last error string)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.4)

+comment(# module variables are private unless access functions are defined)

+reserved(module) class(Alpha)

+    instance_variable(@aa) operator(=) integer(10)

+    instance_variable(@bb) operator(=) integer(11)

+    

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(put_aa)

+        ident(puts) instance_variable(@aa)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(bb)operator(=)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@bb) operator(=) ident(val)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+constant(Alpha)operator(.)ident(bb) operator(=) integer(12)

+comment(# Alpha.aa = 10 # error, no aa=method)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.5)

+comment(# caller provides a backtrace of the call stack)

+reserved(module) class(MyModule)

+    reserved(def) method(find_caller)

+        ident(caller)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(find_caller2)operator(()ident(i)operator(\))

+        ident(caller)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) comment(# an argument limits the size of the stack returned)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.6)

+reserved(BEGIN) operator({)

+    global_variable($logfile) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/tmp/mylog)delimiter(')> reserved(unless) reserved(defined?) global_variable($logfile)

+    global_variable($LF) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($logfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(a)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+operator(})

+

+reserved(module) class(Logger)

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(logmsg)operator(()ident(msg)operator(\))

+        global_variable($LF)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(msg)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    ident(logmsg)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(startup)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(END) operator({)

+    constant(Logger)operator(::)ident(logmsg)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(shutdown)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    global_variable($LF)operator(.)ident(close)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.7)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# results may be different on your system)

+comment(# % ruby -e "$LOAD_PATH.each_index { |i| printf("%d %s\\n", i, $LOAD_PATH[i] })

+comment(#0 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6)

+comment(#1 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6/i386-linux)

+comment(#2 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/)

+comment(#3 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6)

+comment(#4 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6/i136-linux)

+comment(#5 .)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# syntax for sh, bash, ksh, or zsh)

+comment(#$ export RUBYLIB=$HOME/rubylib)

+

+comment(# syntax for csh or tcsh)

+comment(# % setenv RUBYLIB ~/rubylib)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+global_variable($LOAD_PATH)operator(.)ident(unshift) string<delimiter(")content(/projects/spectre/lib)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.8)

+comment(# equivalents in ruby are mkmf, SWIG, or Ruby/DL depending on usage)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.9)

+comment(# no equivalent in ruby)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.10)

+comment(# no equivalent in ruby)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.11)

+reserved(module) class(FineTime)

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(time)

+        comment(# to be defined later)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+reserved(module) class(FineTime)

+    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(time)

+        string<delimiter(")content(its a fine time)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(puts) constant(FineTime)operator(.)ident(time) comment(#=> "its a fine time")

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.12)

+reserved(def) method(even_only)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)delimiter(})>content( is not even)delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()ident(n) operator(&) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)  comment(# one way to test)

+    comment(# ...)

+reserved(end)

+reserved(def) method(even_only)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)delimiter(})>content( is not even)delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()ident(n) operator(&) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)

+    comment(# ...)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.17)

+comment(# The library archive for ruby is called Ruby Application archive,)

+comment(# or shorter RAA, and can be found at http://raa.ruby-lang.org.)

+comment(# A typical library is installed like this:)

+comment(# % gunzip some-module-4.54.tar.gz)

+comment(# % tar xf some-module-4.54.tar)

+comment(# % cd some-module-4.54.tar)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb config)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb setup)

+comment(# get superuser previleges here if needed for next step)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb install)

+

+comment(# Some modules use a different process,)

+comment(# you should find details in the documentation)

+comment(# Here is an example of such a different process)

+comment(# % ruby extconf.rb)

+comment(# % make)

+comment(# % make install)

+

+comment(# If you want the module installed in your own directory:)

+comment(# For ruby version specific libraries)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby=~/lib)

+comment(# For version independent libraries)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby-common=~/lib)

+

+comment(# Information about possible options for config)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb --help)

+

+comment(# If you have your own complete distribution)

+comment(# % ruby install.rb --prefix=path=~/ruby-private)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.0)

+comment(# Classes and objects in Ruby are rather straigthforward)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+    comment(# Class variables (also called static attributes\) are prefixed by @@)

+    class_variable(@@person_counter)operator(=)integer(0)

+    

+    comment(# object constructor)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(age)operator(,) ident(name)operator(,) ident(alive) operator(=) pre_constant(true)operator(\))     comment(# Default arg like in C++)

+        instance_variable(@age)operator(,) instance_variable(@name)operator(,) instance_variable(@alive) operator(=) ident(age)operator(,) ident(name)operator(,) ident(alive)  comment(# Object attributes are prefixed by '@')

+        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+          comment(# There is no '++' operator in Ruby. The '++'/'--'  operators are in fact )

+          comment(# hidden assignments which affect variables, not objects. You cannot accomplish)

+          comment(# assignment via method. Since everything in Ruby is object, '++' and '--' )

+          comment(# contradict Ruby OO ideology. Instead '-=' and '+=' are used.)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:name)operator(,) symbol(:age)   comment(# This creates setter and getter methods for @name)

+                                comment(# and @age. See 13.3 for detailes.)

+    

+    comment(# methods modifying the receiver object usually have the '!' suffix)

+    reserved(def) method(die!)

+        instance_variable(@alive) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@name)delimiter(})>content( has died at the age of )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@age)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

+        instance_variable(@alive)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(kill)operator(()ident(anotherPerson)operator(\))

+        ident(print) instance_variable(@name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is killing )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(anotherPerson)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+        ident(anotherPerson)operator(.)ident(die!)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(# methods used as queries)

+    comment(# usually have the '?' suffix    )

+    reserved(def) method(alive?)

+        instance_variable(@alive) operator(&&) pre_constant(true)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(year_of_birth)

+        constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(-) instance_variable(@age)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    comment(# Class method (also called static method\))

+    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(number_of_people)

+        class_variable(@@person_counter)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Using the class:)

+comment(# Create objects of class Person)

+ident(lecter) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(47)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Hannibal)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(starling) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(29)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Clarice)delimiter(')>operator(,) pre_constant(true)operator(\))

+ident(pazzi) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(40)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Rinaldo)delimiter(')>operator(,) pre_constant(true)operator(\))

+

+comment(# Calling a class method)

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(There are )delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(number_of_people)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( Person objects)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(print) ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is )delimiter(')>operator(,) operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(alive?)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(alive)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(dead)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(lecter)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(\))

+ident(print) ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is )delimiter(')>operator(,) operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(alive?)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(alive)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(dead)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(print) ident(starling)operator(.)ident(name) operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( was born in )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(starling)operator(.)ident(year_of_birth)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.1)

+comment(# If you don't need any initialisation in the constructor,)

+comment(# you don't need to write a constructor.)

+reserved(class) class(MyClass)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(class) class(MyClass)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@start) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)

+        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) integer(0)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(class) class(MyClass)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(inithash)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@start) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)

+        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) integer(0)

+        reserved(for) ident(key)operator(,) ident(value) reserved(in) ident(inithash)

+            ident(instance_variable_set)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(key)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(value)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.2)

+comment(# Objects are destroyed by the garbage collector.)

+comment(# The time of destroying is not predictable.)

+comment(# The ruby garbage collector can handle circular references,)

+comment(# so there is no need to write destructor for that.)

+

+comment(# There is no direct support for destructor.)

+comment(# You can call a custom function, or more specific a proc object, when the)

+comment(# garbage collector is about to destruct the object, but it is unpredictable)

+comment(# when this occurs.)

+comment(# Also if such a finalizer object has a reference to the orignal object,)

+comment(# this may prevent the original object to get garbage collected.)

+comment(# Because of this problem the finalize method below is)

+comment(# a class method and not a instance method.)

+comment(# So if you need to free resources for an object, like)

+comment(# closing a socket or kill a spawned subprocess,)

+comment(# you should do it explicitly.)

+

+reserved(class) class(MyClass)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

+                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(MyClass)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Object )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(id)delimiter(})>content( dying at )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# test code)

+integer(3)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

+    constant(MyClass)operator(.)ident(new)

+operator(})

+constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(garbage_collect)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.3)

+comment(# You can write getter and setter methods in a natural way:)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+    reserved(def) method(name)

+        instance_variable(@name)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(name=)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(name)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# But there is a better and shorter way)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:age)

+    ident(attr_writer) symbol(:name)  

+    comment(# attr_reader and attr_writer are actually methods in class Class)

+    comment(# which set getter and setter methods for you.)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# There is also attr_accessor to create both setters and getters)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:name)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.4)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+    comment(# Class variables (also called static attributes\) are prefixed by @@)

+    class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(=) integer(0)

+    

+    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(population)

+        class_variable(@@person_counter)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

+                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

+        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+ident(people) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+integer(10)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

+    ident(people)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(\))

+operator(})

+ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(There are %d people alive)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(population)operator(\))

+

+

+constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds) operator(=) integer(100)

+ident(alpha) operator(=) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Bound on alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(alpha)operator(.)ident(max_bounds)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+ident(beta) operator(=) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(beta)operator(.)ident(max_bounds) operator(=) integer(50)                    comment(# calls the instance method)

+ident(beta)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds) operator(=) integer(50)        comment(# alternative, calls the class method)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Bound on alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(alpha)operator(.)ident(max_bounds)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    

+reserved(class) class(FixedArray)

+    class_variable(@@bounds) operator(=) integer(7)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(max_bounds)

+        class_variable(@@max_bounds)

+    reserved(end)

+    comment(# instance method, which sets the class variable)

+    reserved(def) method(max_bounds=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

+        class_variable(@@max_bounds) operator(=) ident(value)

+    reserved(end)

+    comment(# class method. This can only be called on a class,)

+    comment(# but not on the instances)

+    reserved(def) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds)operator(=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

+        class_variable(@@max_bounds) operator(=) ident(value)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.5)

+constant(PersonStruct) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Person)delimiter(")>operator(,) symbol(:name)operator(,) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:peers)operator(\))

+comment(# creates a class "Person::Struct", which is accessiable with the)

+comment(# constant "PersonStruct")

+ident(p) operator(=) constant(PersonStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(p) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(::)constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)                      comment(# alternative using the classname)

+ident(p)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jason Smythe)delimiter(")>

+ident(p)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(13)

+ident(p)operator(.)ident(peers) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])

+ident(p)operator([)symbol(:peers)operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])     comment(# alternative access using symbol)

+ident(p)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(peers)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])    comment(# alternative access using name of field)

+ident(p)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])          comment(# alternative access using index of field)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(At age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(age)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(name)delimiter(})>content('s first friend is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(peers)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# The fields of a struct have no special type, like other ruby variables)

+comment(# you can put any objects in. Therefore the discussions how to specify)

+comment(# the types of the fields do not apply to ruby.)

+

+constant(FamilyStruct) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Family)delimiter(")>operator(,) symbol(:head)operator(,) symbol(:address)operator(,) symbol(:members)operator(\))

+ident(folks) operator(=) constant(FamilyStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(folks)operator(.)ident(head) operator(=) constant(PersonStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(dad) operator(=) ident(folks)operator(.)ident(head)

+ident(dad)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(John)delimiter(")>

+ident(dad)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(34)

+

+comment(# supply of own accessor method for the struct for error checking)

+reserved(class) class(PersonStruct)

+    reserved(def) method(age=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

+        reserved(if) operator(!)ident(value)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Integer)operator(\))

+            ident(raise)operator(()constant(ArgumentError)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(value)delimiter(})>content( isn't an Integer)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        reserved(elsif) ident(value) operator(>) integer(150)

+            ident(raise)operator(()constant(ArgumentError)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(value)delimiter(})>content( is unreasonable)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) ident(value)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.6)

+comment(# The ruby Object class defines a dup and a clone method.)

+comment(# The dup method is recommended for prototype object creation.)

+comment(# The default implementation makes a shallow copy,)

+comment(# but each class can override it, for example to make a deep copy.)

+

+comment(# If you want to call 'new' directly on the instances,)

+comment(# you can create a instance method "new", which returns a new duplicate.)

+comment(# This method is distinct from the class method new.)

+comment(#)

+reserved(class) class(A)

+    reserved(def) method(new)

+        ident(dup)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(ob1) operator(=) constant(A)operator(.)ident(new)

+comment(# later on)

+ident(ob2) operator(=) ident(ob1)operator(.)ident(new)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.7)

+ident(methname) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(flicker)delimiter(')>

+ident(obj)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(methname)operator(,) integer(10)operator(\))      comment(# calls obj.flicker(10\))

+

+comment(# call three methods on the object, by name)

+operator([)string<delimiter(')content(start)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(run)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(stop)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(method_string)operator(|)

+    ident(obj)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(method_string)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Another way is to create a Method object)

+ident(method_obj) operator(=) ident(obj)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(flicker)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(# And then call it)

+ident(method_obj)operator(.)ident(call)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.8)

+comment(# All classes in Ruby inherit from class Object)

+comment(# and thus all objects share methods defined in this class)

+

+comment(# the class of the object)

+ident(puts) ident(any_object)operator(.)ident(type)

+

+comment(# Ruby classes are actually objects of class Class and they)

+comment(# respond to methods defined in Object class as well)

+

+comment(# the superclass of this class)

+ident(puts) ident(any_object)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(superclass)

+

+comment(# ask an object whether it is an instance of particular class)

+ident(n) operator(=) float(4.7)

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(instance_of?)operator(()constant(Float)operator(\))    comment(# true)

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(instance_of?)operator(()constant(Numeric)operator(\))  comment(# false)

+

+comment(# ask an object whether it is an instance of class, one of the)

+comment(# superclasses of the object, or modules included in it)

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Float)operator(\))       comment(# true (the class\))

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Numeric)operator(\))     comment(# true (an ancestor class\))

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Comparable)operator(\))  comment(# true (a mixin module\))

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(String)operator(\))      comment(# false)

+

+comment(# ask an object whether it can respond to a particular method)

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(respond_to?)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(+)delimiter(')>operator(\))      comment(# true)

+ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(respond_to?)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(length)delimiter(')>operator(\)) comment(# false)

+

+comment(# all methods an object can respond to)

+string<delimiter(')content(just a string)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(methods)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(m)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(m) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.9)

+comment(# Actually any class in Ruby is inheritable)

+reserved(class) class(Person)        

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:name)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@name)

+        instance_variable(@age)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(dude) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(dude)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jason)delimiter(')>

+ident(dude)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%s is age %d.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(dude)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) ident(dude)operator(.)ident(age)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Inheriting from Person)

+reserved(class) class(Employee) operator(<) constant(Person)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:salary)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(empl) operator(=) constant(Employee)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(empl)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jason)delimiter(')>

+ident(empl)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

+ident(empl)operator(.)ident(salary) operator(=) integer(200)

+ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%s is age %d, the salary is %d.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(age)operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(salary)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Any built-in class can be inherited the same way)

+reserved(class) class(WeirdString) operator(<) constant(String)  

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(obj)operator(\))

+        reserved(super) ident(obj)

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(+)operator(()ident(anotherObj)operator(\))   comment(# + method in this class is overridden)

+        comment(# to return the sum of string lengths)

+        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(length) operator(+) ident(anotherObj)operator(.)ident(length)  comment(# 'self' can be omitted)

+    reserved(end)  

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(a) operator(=) constant(WeirdString)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(hello)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+ident(b) operator(=) constant(WeirdString)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(bye)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(puts) ident(a) operator(+) ident(b)    comment(# the overridden +)

+comment(#=> 8)

+ident(puts) ident(a)operator(.)ident(length) comment(# method from the superclass, String)

+comment(#=> 5)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.11)

+comment(# In ruby you can override the method_missing method)

+comment(# to have a solution similar to perls AUTOLOAD.)

+reserved(class) class(Person)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@ok_fields) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(name age peers parent)delimiter(\))>

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(valid_attribute?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@ok_fields)operator(.)ident(include?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(method_missing)operator(()ident(namesymbol)operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

+        ident(name) operator(=) ident(namesymbol)operator(.)ident(to_s)

+        reserved(return) reserved(if) ident(name) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^A-Z)delimiter(/)>

+        reserved(if) ident(name)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) operator(()string<delimiter(')content(=)delimiter(')>operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))       comment(# we have a setter)

+            ident(isSetter) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+            ident(name)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(=$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+        reserved(if) ident(valid_attribute?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

+            reserved(if) ident(isSetter)

+                ident(instance_variable_set)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

+            reserved(else)

+                ident(instance_variable_get)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(else)

+            comment(# if no annestor is responsible,)

+            comment(# the Object class will throw a NoMethodError exception)

+            reserved(super)operator(()ident(namesymbol)operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(new)

+        ident(kid) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

+        ident(kid)operator(.)ident(parent) operator(=) pre_constant(self)

+        ident(kid)

+    reserved(end)

+

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(dad) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(dad)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jason)delimiter(")>

+ident(dad)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

+ident(kid) operator(=) ident(dad)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(kid)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Rachel)delimiter(")>

+ident(kid)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(2)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Kid's parent is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(kid)operator(.)ident(parent)operator(.)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(puts) ident(dad)

+ident(puts) ident(kid)

+

+reserved(class) class(Employee) operator(<) constant(Person)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        reserved(super)

+        instance_variable(@ok_fields)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(salary)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(boss)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    reserved(def) method(ok_fields)

+        instance_variable(@ok_fields)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.13)

+comment(# The ruby garbage collector pretends to cope with circular structures.)

+comment(# You can test it with this code:)

+reserved(class) class(RingNode)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:next)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:prev)

+    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:name)

+

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(aName)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(aName)

+        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

+                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Node )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(id)delimiter(})>content( dying)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

+        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(each_object) operator({)operator(|)ident(id)operator(|)

+            ident(puts) ident(id)operator(.)ident(name) reserved(if) ident(id)operator(.)ident(class) operator(==) constant(RingNode)

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(create_test)

+    ident(a) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node A)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(b) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node B)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(c) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node C)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(a)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(b)

+    ident(b)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(c)

+    ident(c)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(a)

+    ident(a)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(c)

+    ident(c)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(b)

+    ident(b)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(a)

+

+    ident(a) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+    ident(b) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+    ident(c) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(create_test)

+constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

+constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(garbage_collect)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(After garbage collection)delimiter(")>

+constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.14)

+reserved(class) class(String)

+    reserved(def) method(<=>)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(casecmp) ident(other)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# There is no way to directly overload the '""' (stringify\) )

+comment(# operator in Ruby.  However, by convention, classes which )

+comment(# can reasonably be converted to a String will define a )

+comment(# 'to_s' method as in the TimeNumber class defined below.)

+comment(# The 'puts' method will automatcally call an object's)

+comment(# 'to_s' method as is demonstrated below.)

+comment(# Furthermore, if a class defines a to_str method, an object of that)

+comment(# class can be used most any place where the interpreter is looking )

+comment(# for a String value.)

+

+comment(#---------------------------------------)

+comment(# NOTE: Ruby has a builtin Time class which would usually be used )

+comment(# to manipulate time objects, the following is supplied for)

+comment(# educational purposes to demonstrate operator overloading.)

+comment(#)

+reserved(class) class(TimeNumber)

+    ident(attr_accessor)  symbol(:hours)operator(,)symbol(:minutes)operator(,)symbol(:seconds)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(() ident(hours)operator(,) ident(minutes)operator(,) ident(seconds)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@hours) operator(=) ident(hours)

+        instance_variable(@minutes) operator(=) ident(minutes)

+        instance_variable(@seconds) operator(=) ident(seconds)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(to_s)

+        reserved(return) ident(sprintf)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(%d:%02d:%02d)delimiter(")>operator(,) instance_variable(@hours)operator(,) instance_variable(@minutes)operator(,) instance_variable(@seconds)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(to_str)

+        ident(to_s)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(+)operator(() ident(other)operator(\))

+        ident(seconds) operator(=) instance_variable(@seconds) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(seconds)

+        ident(minutes) operator(=) instance_variable(@minutes) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(minutes)

+        ident(hours) operator(=) instance_variable(@hours) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(hours)

+        reserved(if) ident(seconds) operator(>)operator(=) integer(60)

+            ident(seconds) operator(%=) integer(60)

+            ident(minutes) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+        reserved(end)

+        reserved(if) ident(minutes) operator(>)operator(=) integer(60)

+            ident(minutes) operator(%=) integer(60)

+            ident(hours) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+        reserved(end)

+        reserved(return) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(hours)operator(,) ident(minutes)operator(,) ident(seconds)operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(-)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(*)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(/)operator(() ident(other)operator(\))

+        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(t1) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(58)operator(,) integer(59)operator(\))

+ident(sec) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))

+ident(min) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+ident(puts) ident(t1) operator(+) ident(sec) operator(+) ident(min) operator(+) ident(min)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# StrNum class example: Ruby's builtin String class already has the )

+comment(# capabilities outlined in StrNum Perl example, however the '*' operator)

+comment(# on Ruby's String class acts differently: It creates a string which)

+comment(# is the original string repeated N times.)

+comment(#)

+comment(# Using Ruby's String class as is in this example:)

+ident(x) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Red)delimiter(")>operator(;) ident(y) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Black)delimiter(")>

+ident(z) operator(=) ident(x)operator(+)ident(y)

+ident(r) operator(=) ident(z)operator(*)integer(3) comment(# r is "RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack")

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(values are )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>content(, and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(r)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( is )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(x) operator(<) ident(y) operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(LT)delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")content(GE)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(# prints:)

+comment(# values are Red, Black, RedBlack, and RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack)

+comment(# Red is GE Black)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(class) class(FixNum)

+    constant(REGEX) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\.)char(\\d)content(*\))delimiter(/)>

+    constant(DEFAULT_PLACES) operator(=) integer(0)

+    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:value)operator(,) symbol(:places)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(value)operator(,) ident(places) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@value) operator(=) ident(value)

+        reserved(if) ident(places)

+            instance_variable(@places) operator(=) ident(places)

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(m) operator(=) constant(REGEX)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(\)) 

+            reserved(if) ident(m)

+                instance_variable(@places) operator(=) ident(m)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(-) integer(1)

+            reserved(else)

+                instance_variable(@places) operator(=) constant(DEFAULT_PLACES)

+            reserved(end)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(+)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(,) ident(max)operator(()instance_variable(@places)operator(,) ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\))operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(*)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value) operator(*) ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(,) ident(max)operator(()instance_variable(@places)operator(,) ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\))operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(/)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Divide: )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(/)ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_f)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+        ident(result) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(/)ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(\))

+        ident(result)operator(.)ident(places) operator(=) ident(max)operator(()ident(result)operator(.)ident(places)operator(,)ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\)) 

+        ident(result)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(to_s)

+        ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(STR%s: %.*f)delimiter(")>operator(,) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(,) instance_variable(@places)operator(,) instance_variable(@value)operator(\))   comment(#.)

+    reserved(end)  

+

+    reserved(def) method(to_str)

+        ident(to_s)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(to_i) comment(#convert to int)

+        instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_i)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    reserved(def) method(to_f) comment(#convert to float`)

+        instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    ident(private)

+    reserved(def) method(max)operator(()ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(\))

+        ident(a) operator(>) ident(b) operator(?) ident(a) operator(:) ident(b)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(demo)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(x) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(40)operator(\))

+    ident(y) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(12)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(sum of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)operator(+)ident(y)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(product of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)operator(*)ident(y)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+    ident(z) operator(=) ident(x)operator(/)ident(y)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>content( has )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)operator(.)ident(places)delimiter(})>content( places)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(unless) ident(z)operator(.)ident(places)

+        ident(z)operator(.)ident(places) operator(=) integer(2)

+    reserved(end)

+

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(div of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( by )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(square of that is  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)operator(*)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(if) pre_constant(__FILE__) operator(==) global_variable($0)

+    ident(demo)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.1)

+comment(# There are dbm, sdbm, gdbm modules)

+comment(# and the bdb module for accessing the berkeley db)

+comment(# sdbm seem to be available on the most systems,)

+comment(# so we use it here)

+comment(#)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

+constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(dbobj)operator(|)

+    comment(# raises exception if open error)

+    

+    comment(# the returned sdbm-dbobj has most of the methods of a hash)

+    ident(v) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(])

+    ident(dbobj)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(newvalue)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(if) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        comment(# ...)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(key2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+operator(})

+comment(# database is open only inside the block.)

+

+comment(# It is also possible to use a open .. close pair:)

+ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+comment(#.. do something with dbobj)

+ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# userstats - generate statistics on who is logged in)

+comment(# call with usernames as argument to display the totals)

+comment(# for the given usernames, call with "ALL" to display all users)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

+ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/tmp/userstats.db)delimiter(')>

+constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(dbobj)operator(|)

+    reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)

+        reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) string<delimiter(")content(ALL)delimiter(")>

+            comment(# ARGV is constant, so we need the variable userlist)

+            ident(userlist) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(sort)operator(()operator(\))

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(userlist) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

+        reserved(end)

+        ident(userlist)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(user)operator(|)

+            ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(user)delimiter(})>char(\\t)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(user)operator(])delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+        operator(})

+    reserved(else)

+        ident(who) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>

+        ident(who)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+            ident(md) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+            ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Bad line from who: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(line)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(md)

+            comment(# sdbm stores only strings, so "+=" doesn't work,)

+            comment(# we need to convert them expicitly back to integer.)

+            reserved(if) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

+                ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

+            reserved(else)

+                ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(1)delimiter(")>

+            reserved(end)

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.2)

+comment(# using open and clear)

+ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(clear)operator(()operator(\))

+ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

+comment(# deleting file and recreating it)

+comment(# the filenames depend on the flavor of dbm you use,)

+comment(# for example sdbm has two files named filename.pag and filename.dir,)

+comment(# so you need to delete both files)

+reserved(begin)

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    comment(# raises Exception if not exist)

+    ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue)

+    comment(# add error handling here)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.3)

+comment(# sdbm2gdbm: converts sdbm database to a gdbm database)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(gdbm)delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(==) integer(2)

+    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(usage: sdbm2gdbm infile outfile)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(infile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(outfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+

+ident(sdb) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile)operator(\))

+ident(gdb) operator(=) constant(GDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(outfile)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+ident(sdb)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(key)operator(,) ident(val)operator(|)

+    ident(gdb)operator([)ident(key)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+operator(})

+ident(gdb)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(sdb)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.4)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# dbmmerge: merges two dbm databases)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(==) integer(3)

+    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(usage: dbmmerge indb1 indb2 outdb)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(infile1) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(infile2) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(outfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(2)operator(])

+

+ident(in1) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile1)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

+ident(in2) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile2)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

+ident(outdb) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(outfile)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+

+operator([)ident(in1)operator(,) ident(in2)operator(])operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(indb)operator(|)

+    ident(indb)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(key)operator(,) ident(val)operator(|)

+        reserved(if) ident(outdb)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(key)operator(\))

+            comment(# decide which value to set.)

+            comment(# set outdb[key] if necessary)

+        reserved(else)

+            ident(outdb)operator([)ident(key)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

+        reserved(end)

+    operator(})

+operator(})

+ident(in1)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(in2)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(outdb)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.7)

+comment(# we write a tie method that extends the Array class.)

+comment(# It reads the file into the memory, executes the code block)

+comment(# in which you can manipulate the array as needed, and writes)

+comment(# the array back to the file after the end of the block execution)

+reserved(class) class(Array)

+    reserved(def) method(tie)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\))

+        constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+            ident(f)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+                pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(\))

+            operator(})

+            reserved(yield)

+            ident(f)operator(.)ident(rewind)

+            ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+                reserved(if) ident(line)

+                    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

+                reserved(else)

+                    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+                reserved(end)

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(array) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(array)operator(.)ident(tie)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp/textfile.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) operator({)

+    ident(array)operator([)integer(4)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(a new line 4)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+comment(# The tied array can be manipulated like a normal array,)

+comment(# so there is no need for a special API, and the recno_demo program)

+comment(# to demonstrate is API is useless)

+

+

+comment(# tied array demo: show how to use array with a tied file)

+ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(db_file.txt)delimiter(")>

+ident(lines) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(if) constant(File)operator(.)ident(exists?)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+ident(lines)operator(.)ident(tie)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR) operator(|) constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) operator({)

+    comment(# first create a textfile to play with)

+    ident(lines)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(zero)delimiter(")>

+    ident(lines)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(one)delimiter(")>

+    ident(lines)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(two)delimiter(")>

+    ident(lines)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(three)delimiter(")>

+    ident(lines)operator([)integer(4)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(four)delimiter(")>

+

+    comment(# print the records in order.)

+    comment(# Opposed to perl, the tied array behaves exactly as a normal array)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(Original)delimiter(")>

+    reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(..)operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(length)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    reserved(end)

+

+    comment(#use push and pop)

+    ident(a) operator(=) ident(lines)operator(.)ident(pop)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(last)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(The last line was [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+    comment(#use shift and unshift)

+    ident(a) operator(=) ident(lines)operator(.)ident(shift)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(first)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(The first line was [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+    comment(# add record after record 2)

+    ident(i) operator(=) integer(2)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(i) operator(+) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Newbie)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+    comment(# add record before record one)

+    ident(i) operator(=) integer(1)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(New One)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+    comment(# delete record 3)

+    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(delete_at)operator(()integer(3)operator(\))

+

+    comment(#now print the records in reverse order)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(Reverse)delimiter(")>

+    operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(length) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    operator(})

+

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.8)

+comment(# example to store complex data in a database)

+comment(# uses marshall from the standard library)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

+ident(db) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(pleac14-8-database)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

+

+comment(# convert the Objects into strings and back by using the Marshal module.)

+comment(# Most normal objects can be converted out of the box,)

+comment(# but not special things like procedure objects,)

+comment(# IO instance variables, singleton objects)

+

+ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Christiansen)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(")content(book author)delimiter(")>operator(,)  string<delimiter(")content(tchrist@perl.com)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

+ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(")content(shareware author)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+string<delimiter(")content(boutell@boutell.com)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

+

+ident(name1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Tom Christiansen)delimiter(")>

+ident(name2) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(tom1) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)ident(name1)operator(])operator(\))

+ident(tom2) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)ident(name2)operator(])operator(\))

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Two Toming: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tom1)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tom2)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(if) ident(tom1)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) ident(tom2)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(&&) ident(tom1)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) ident(tom2)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

+   ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You're having runtime fun with one Tom made two.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(else)

+   ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No two Toms are ever alike)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# To change parts of an entry, get the whole entry, change the parts,)

+comment(# and save the whole entry back)

+ident(entry) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

+ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Poet Programmer)delimiter(")>

+ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()ident(entry)operator(\))

+ident(db)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.9)

+comment(# example to make data persistent)

+comment(# uses Marshal from the standard lib)

+comment(# Stores the data in a simple file,)

+comment(# see 14.8 on how to store it in a dbm file)

+

+comment(# The BEGIN block is executed before the rest of the script)

+comment(# we use global variables here because local variables)

+comment(# will go out of scope and are not accessible from the main script)

+

+reserved(BEGIN) operator({)

+   global_variable($persistent_store) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(persitence.dat)delimiter(")>

+   reserved(begin)

+     constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($persistent_store)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+       global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

+       global_variable($arrayvariable2) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

+     reserved(end)

+   reserved(rescue)

+     ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Can not open )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($persistent_store)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+     comment(# Initialisation if this script runs the first time)

+     global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+     global_variable($arrayvariable2) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+   reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+reserved(END) operator({)

+   constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($persistent_store)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

+     constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()global_variable($stringvariable1)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))

+     constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()global_variable($arrayvariable2)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))

+   reserved(end)

+operator(})

+

+comment(# simple test program)

+ident(puts) global_variable($stringvariable1)

+ident(puts) global_variable($arrayvariable2)

+global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Hello World)delimiter(")>

+global_variable($arrayvariable2)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))

+ident(puts) global_variable($stringvariable1)

+ident(puts) global_variable($arrayvariable2)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.10)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# Ruby has a dbi module with an architecture similar)

+comment(# to the Perl dbi module: the dbi module provides an unified)

+comment(# interface and uses specialized drivers for each dbms vendor)

+comment(#)

+reserved(begin)

+    constant(DBI)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DBI:driver:driverspecific)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(username)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(auth)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

+        operator(|)ident(dbh)operator(|)

+

+        ident(dbh)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()constant(SQL1)operator(\))

+

+        ident(dbh)operator(.)ident(prepare)operator(()constant(SQL2)operator(\))operator({) operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

+            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(execute)

+            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(fetch) operator({)operator(|)ident(row)operator(|)

+                comment(# ...)

+            operator(})

+        operator(}) comment(# end of block finishes the statement handle)

+    operator(}) comment(# end of block closes the database connection)

+reserved(rescue) constant(DBI)operator(::)constant(DatabaseError) operator(=)operator(>) ident(e)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dbi error occurred)delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error code: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(err)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error message: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(errstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# dbusers - example for mysql which creates a table,)

+comment(# fills it with values, retrieves the values back,)

+comment(# and finally destroys the table.)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(dbi)delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# replacement for the User::pwnt module)

+reserved(def) method(getpwent)

+    ident(result) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

+        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({)operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

+            reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(line)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+            ident(cols) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+            ident(result)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()operator([)ident(cols)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(,) ident(cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(\))

+        operator(})

+    operator(})

+    ident(result)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    constant(DBI)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DBI:Mysql:pleacdatabase)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(pleac)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(pleacpassword)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

+        operator(|)ident(conn)operator(|)

+

+        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(CREATE TABLE users (uid INT, login CHAR(8\)\))delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+        ident(users) operator(=) ident(getpwent)

+

+        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(prepare)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?\))delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

+            ident(users)operator(.)ident(each) operator({)operator(|)ident(entry)operator(|)

+                ident(sth)operator(.)ident(execute)operator(()ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(entry)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+

+        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(execute)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SELECT uid, login FROM users WHERE uid < 50)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

+            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(fetch) operator({)operator(|)ident(row)operator(|)

+                ident(puts) ident(row)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({)operator(|)ident(col)operator(|)

+                    reserved(if) ident(col)operator(.)ident(nil?)

+                        string<delimiter(")content((null\))delimiter(")>

+                    reserved(else)

+                        ident(col)

+                    reserved(end)

+                operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(, )delimiter(")>operator(\))

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+

+        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DROP TABLE users)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    operator(})

+reserved(rescue) constant(DBI)operator(::)constant(DatabaseError) operator(=)operator(>) ident(e)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dbi error occurred)delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error code: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(err)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error message: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(errstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_15.1)

+comment(# This test program demonstrates parsing program arguments.)

+comment(# It uses the optparse library, which is included with ruby 1.8)

+comment(# It handles classic unix style and gnu style options)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(optparse)delimiter(')>

+

+instance_variable(@debugmode) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+instance_variable(@verbose) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

+

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(options) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(opts)operator(|)

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Usage: ruby )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( [OPTIONS] INPUTFILES)delimiter(")>

+

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-h)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--help)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(show this message)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

+        ident(puts) ident(opts)

+        ident(exit)

+    operator(})

+    comment(# The OptionParser#on method is called with a specification of short)

+    comment(# options, of long options, a data type spezification and user help)

+    comment(# messages for this option.)

+    comment(# The method analyses the given parameter and decides what it is,)

+    comment(# so you can leave out the long option if you don't need it)

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-v)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--[no-]verbose=[FLAG])delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(TrueClass)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(run verbosly)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

+        operator(|)instance_variable(@verbose)operator(|)   comment(# sets @verbose to true or false)

+    operator(})

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-D)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--DEBUG)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(TrueClass)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(turns on debug mode)delimiter(")> operator(\))operator({)

+        operator(|)instance_variable(@debugmode)operator(|)   comment(# sets @debugmode to true)

+    operator(})

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-c)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--count=NUMBER)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Integer)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(how many times we do it)delimiter(")> operator(\))operator({)

+        operator(|)instance_variable(@count)operator(|)      comment(# sets @count to given integer)

+    operator(})

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-o)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--output=FILE)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(String)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(file to write output to)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator({)

+        operator(|)instance_variable(@outputfile)operator(|)   comment(# sets @outputfile to given string)

+    operator(})

+    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(parse!)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# example to use the options in the main program)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Verbose is on)delimiter(")> reserved(if) instance_variable(@verbose)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Debugmode is on)delimiter(")> reserved(if) instance_variable(@debugmode)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Outfile is )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@outputfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) reserved(defined?) instance_variable(@outputfile)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Count is )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@count)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) reserved(defined?) instance_variable(@count)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(param)operator(|)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Got parameter )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(param)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_15.4)

+ident(buf) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\0)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(8)

+global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(ioctl)operator(()integer(0x5413)operator(,) ident(buf)operator(\))

+ident(ws_row)operator(,) ident(ws_col)operator(,) ident(ws_xpixel)operator(,) ident(ws_ypixel) operator(=) ident(buf)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(S4)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(You must have at least 20 characters)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(ws_col) operator(>)operator(=) integer(20)

+ident(max) operator(=) integer(0)

+ident(values) operator(=) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) ident(rand)operator(()integer(20)operator(\)) operator(})  comment(# generate an array[5] of rand values)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(values)

+    ident(max) operator(=) ident(i) reserved(if) ident(max) operator(<) ident(i)

+reserved(end)

+ident(ratio) operator(=) constant(Float)operator(()ident(ws_col)operator(-)integer(12)operator(\))operator(/)ident(max)          comment(# chars per unit)

+reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(values)

+    ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%8.1f %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(*)delimiter(")> operator(*) operator(()ident(ratio)operator(*)ident(i)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# gives, for example:)

+comment(#   15.0 *******************************)

+comment(#   10.0 *********************)

+comment(#    5.0 **********)

+comment(#   14.0 *****************************)

+comment(#   18.0 **************************************)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.1)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(program args)delimiter(`)>       comment(# collect output into one multiline string)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(program args)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(split) comment(# collect output into array, one line per)

+ident(element)

+

+ident(readme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(output) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    ident(output) operator(+)operator(=) global_variable($_)

+reserved(end)

+ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+shell<delimiter(`)content(fsck -y /dev/rsd1a)delimiter(`)>  comment(# BAD AND SCARY in Perl because it's managed by the shell)

+                      comment(# I donna in Ruby ...)

+

+comment(# so the "clean and secure" version)

+ident(readme)operator(,) ident(writeme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(pipe)

+ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) operator({)

+    comment(# child)

+    global_variable($stdout) operator(=) ident(writeme)

+    ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

+    ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(..)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+operator(})

+comment(# parent)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(waitpid)operator(()ident(pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(close)

+reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    comment(# do something with $_)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.2)

+ident(status) operator(=) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(xemacs )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(myfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(status) operator(=) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(xemacs)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(myfile)operator(\))

+

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(# stop if the command fails)

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content($program exited funny: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(args1)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(args2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(# get the value of the signal sent to the child)

+comment(# even if it is a SIGINT or SIGQUIT)

+ident(system)operator(()ident(arglist)operator(\))

+ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(program killed by signal )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($?) operator(&) integer(127)operator(\)) operator(!)operator(=) integer(0)

+

+ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) operator({)

+    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SIGINT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(IGNORE)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(10)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+operator(})

+ident(trap) operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SIGINT)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Tsk tsk, no process interruptus)delimiter(")>

+operator(})

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(waitpid)operator(()ident(pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+

+comment(# Ruby doesn't permit to lie to the program called by a 'system'.)

+comment(# (ie specify what return argv[0] in C, $0 in Perl/Ruby ...\))

+comment(# A (dirty\) way is to create a link (under Unix\), run this link and)

+comment(# erase it. Somebody has a best idea ?)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.3)

+ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive *.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(accounting.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive accounting.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.4)

+comment(# read the output of a program)

+constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(readme)operator(|)

+    reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+        comment(# ...)

+    reserved(end)

+operator(})

+comment(# or)

+ident(readme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

+    comment(# ...)

+reserved(end)

+ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

+

+comment(# "write" in a program)

+constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(pipe)operator(|)

+    ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(foo)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+operator(})

+

+comment(# close wait for the end of the process)

+ident(read) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep 10000)delimiter(")>operator(\)) comment(# child goes to sleep)

+ident(read)operator(.)ident(close)                     comment(# and the parent goes to lala land)

+

+ident(writeme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello)delimiter(")> comment(# program will get hello\\n on STDIN)

+ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(close)        comment(# program will get EOF on STDIN)

+

+comment(# send in a pager (eg less\) all output)

+global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/less)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(huge string)char(\\n)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(10000)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.5)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(def) method(head)operator(()ident(lines) operator(=) integer(20)operator(\))

+    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(return)

+    reserved(else)

+        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+            ident(pid)operator(.)ident(print)

+            ident(lines) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+            reserved(break) reserved(if) ident(lines) operator(==) integer(0)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(exit)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(head)operator(()integer(100)operator(\))

+reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+    ident(print)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+integer(1)operator(:) operator(>) constant(Welcome) ident(to) constant(Linux)operator(,) ident(version) float(2.0)operator(.)integer(33) ident(on) ident(a) ident(i686)

+

+integer(2)operator(:) operator(>) 

+

+integer(3)operator(:) operator(>)     string<delimiter(")content(The software required `Windows 95 or better', 

+

+4: >      so I installed Linux.)delimiter(")>  

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+operator(>) integer(1)operator(:) constant(Welcome) ident(to) constant(Linux)operator(,) constant(Kernel) ident(version) float(2.0)operator(.)integer(33) ident(on) ident(a) ident(i686)

+

+operator(>) integer(2)operator(:) 

+

+operator(>) integer(3)operator(:)     string<delimiter(")content(The software required `Windows 95 or better', 

+

+> 4:      so I installed Linux.)delimiter(")>  

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# qnumcat - demo additive output filters)

+

+reserved(def) method(number)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(return)

+    reserved(else)

+        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%d: %s)delimiter(")>operator(,) global_variable($.)operator(,) global_variable($_)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(exit)

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(def) method(quote)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

+        reserved(return)

+    reserved(else)

+        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(> )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(exit)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(number)operator(()operator(\))

+ident(quote)operator(()operator(\))

+

+reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+    ident(print)

+reserved(end)

+global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(close)

+ident(exit)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.6)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(map!) operator({) operator(|)ident(arg)operator(|)

+    ident(arg) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content((gz|Z\)$)delimiter(/)> operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(|gzip -dc )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(arg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(:) ident(arg)

+operator(})

+reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

+    ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+    reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+        comment(# .......)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(map!) operator({) operator(|)ident(arg)operator(|)

+    ident(arg) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(^)char(\\w)content(+://)delimiter(#)> operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(|GET )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(arg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(:) ident(arg)   comment(#)

+operator(})

+reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

+    ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+    reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

+        comment(# .......)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(pwdinfo) operator(=) operator(()shell<delimiter(`)content(domainname)delimiter(`)> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\()content(none)char(\\\))content(\)?$)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(|ypcat  passwd)delimiter(')>operator(;)

+ident(pwd) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(pwdinfo)operator(\))operator(;)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(File, please? )delimiter(")>operator(;)

+ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(()operator(\))operator(;)

+ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(;)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.7)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>&1)delimiter(`)>                            comment(# with backticks)

+comment(# or)

+ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>&1)delimiter(")>operator(\))                         comment(# with an open pipe)

+reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(`)>                     comment(# with backticks)

+comment(# or)

+ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(")>operator(\))                  comment(# with an open pipe)

+reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(`)>                comment(# with backticks)

+comment(# or)

+ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(")>operator(\))             comment(# with an open pipe)

+reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(`)>             comment(# with backticks)

+comment(# or)

+ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(")>operator(\))          comment(# with an open pipe)

+reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr)delimiter(")>operator(\)) 

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(`)>  

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(fd3) operator(=) ident(fd1) 

+ident(fd1) operator(=) ident(fd2) 

+ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd3) 

+ident(fd3) operator(=) pre_constant(nil) 

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1)delimiter(")>operator(\)) 

+ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile)delimiter(")>operator(\)) 

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# system ("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1"\) )

+ident(fd1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(tmpfile)delimiter(")>          comment(# change stdout destination first)

+ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd1)                comment(# now point stderr there, too)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile"\) )

+ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd1)                comment(# stderr same destination as stdout)

+ident(fd1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(tmpfile)delimiter(")>          comment(# but change stdout destination )

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# It is often better not to rely on the shell, )

+comment(# because of portability, possible security problems )

+comment(# and bigger resource usage. So, it is often better to use the open3 library. )

+comment(# See below for an example.)

+comment(# opening stdin, stdout, stderr)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(open3)delimiter(")>

+ident(stdin)operator(,) ident(stdout)operator(,) ident(stderr) operator(=) constant(Open3)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(cmd)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.8)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Contrary to perl, we don't need to use a module in Ruby)

+ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(program)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(fh)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(here's your input)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(output) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))

+ident(fh)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|program)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))    comment(# RIGHT !)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Ruby has already object methods for I/O handles)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(program_and_options)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(rescue)

+    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($@) operator(~)operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^open)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(open failed : )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>content( )char(\\n)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($@)delimiter(})>content( )char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+        reserved(break)

+    reserved(end)

+    ident(raise)      comment(# reraise unforseen exception)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.13)

+comment(#% kill -l)

+comment(#HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE)

+comment(#ALRM TERM CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM)

+comment(#PROF WINCH POLL PWR)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#% ruby -e 'puts Signal.list.keys.join(" "\)')

+comment(#PWR USR1 BUS USR2 TERM SEGV KILL POLL STOP SYS TRAP IOT HUP INT                                                                          #)

+comment(#WINCH XCPU TTIN CLD TSTP FPE IO TTOU PROF CHLD CONT PIPE ABRT)

+comment(#VTALRM QUIT ILL XFSZ URG ALRM)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# After that, the perl script create an hash equivalent to Signal.list, )

+comment(# and an array. The array can be obtained by :)

+ident(signame) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+constant(Signal)operator(.)ident(list)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(name)operator(,) ident(i)operator(|) ident(signame)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) operator(=) ident(name) operator(})

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.14)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()integer(9)operator(,) ident(pid)operator(\))                    comment(# send $pid a signal 9)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) constant(Process)operator(.)ident(getpgrp)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))     comment(# send whole job a signal 1)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(USR1)delimiter(")>operator(,) global_variable($$)operator(\))                comment(# send myself a SIGUSR1)

+constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(HUP)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(pid1)operator(,) ident(pid2)operator(,) ident(pid3)operator(\))   comment(# send a SIGHUP to processes in @pids)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(begin)

+    constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(minion)operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( is alive!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(EPERM)                     comment(# changed uid)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( has escaped my control!)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(ESRCH)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( is deceased.)delimiter(")>operator(;)      comment(# or zombied)

+reserved(rescue)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Odd; I couldn't check the status of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.15)

+constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(QUIT)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(got_sig_quit)operator(\))       comment(# got_sig_quit = Proc.new { puts "Quit\\n" })

+ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(PIPE)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(got_sig_quit)delimiter(")>operator(\))            comment(# def got_sig_pipe ...)

+ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) ident(ouch)operator(+)operator(+) operator(})                  comment(# increment ouch for every SIGINT)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(IGNORE)delimiter(")>operator(\))                   comment(# ignore the signal INT)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(STOP)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(DEFAULT)delimiter(")>operator(\))                 comment(# restore default STOP signal handling)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.16)

+comment(# the signal handler)

+reserved(def) method(ding)

+    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(ding)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\a)content(Enter your name!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# prompt for name, overriding SIGINT)

+reserved(def) method(get_name)

+    ident(save) operator(=) ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(ding)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: )delimiter(")>

+    ident(name) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(save)operator(\))

+    ident(name)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.21)

+comment(# implemented thanks to http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1760)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

+

+comment(# we'll do something vastly more useful than cookbook to demonstrate timeouts)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(5)operator(\)) operator({)

+        ident(waitsec) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Let's see if a sleep of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(waitsec)delimiter(})>content( seconds is longer than 5 seconds...)delimiter(")>

+        ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(waitsec)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    operator(})

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timeout didn't occur)delimiter(")>

+reserved(rescue) constant(Timeout)operator(::)constant(Error)    

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timed out!)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_17.1)

+comment(# A basic TCP client connection)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(t) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(rescue)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(else)

+    comment(# ... do something with the socket)

+    ident(t)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(GET / HTTP/1.0)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+    ident(answer) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

+    comment(# and terminate the connection when we're done)

+    ident(t)operator(.)ident(close)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Using the evil low level socket API)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+comment(# create a socket)

+ident(s) operator(=) constant(Socket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(AF_INET)operator(,) constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+comment(# build the address of the remote machine)

+ident(sockaddr_server) operator(=) operator([)constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(AF_INET)operator(,) integer(80)operator(,)

+    constant(Socket)operator(.)ident(gethostbyname)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator([)integer(3)operator(])operator(,)

+    integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(snA4NN)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# connect)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(s)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()ident(sockaddr_server)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(else)

+    comment(# ... do something with the socket)

+    ident(s)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(GET / HTTP/1.0)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+    comment(# and terminate the connection when we're done)

+    ident(s)operator(.)ident(close)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# TCP connection with management of error (DNS\))

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(client) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(does not exists)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+reserved(rescue)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# TCP connection with a time out)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(do) comment(#the server has one second to answer)

+        ident(client) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.host.com)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(rescue)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_17.12)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(class) class(Preforker) 

+    ident(attr_reader) operator(()symbol(:child_count)operator(\))

+    

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(prefork)operator(,) ident(max_clients_per_child)operator(,) ident(port)operator(,) ident(client_handler)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@prefork) operator(=) ident(prefork)

+        instance_variable(@max_clients_per_child) operator(=) ident(max_clients_per_child)

+        instance_variable(@port) operator(=) ident(port)

+        instance_variable(@child_count) operator(=) integer(0)

+        

+        instance_variable(@reaper) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({)

+            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@reaper)operator(\))

+            ident(pid) operator(=) constant(Process)operator(.)ident(wait)

+            instance_variable(@child_count) operator(-)operator(=) integer(1)

+        operator(})

+        

+        instance_variable(@huntsman) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({)

+            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(IGNORE)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(IGNORE)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+            constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

+            ident(exit)

+        operator(})

+        

+        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(=)ident(client_handler)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(child_handler)

+        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(EXIT)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(setUp)

+        comment(# wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT)

+        instance_variable(@max_clients_per_child)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

+            ident(client) operator(=) instance_variable(@server)operator(.)ident(accept) reserved(or) reserved(break)

+            instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(handle_request)operator(()ident(client)operator(\))

+            ident(client)operator(.)ident(close)

+        operator(})

+        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(tearDown)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(make_new_child)

+        comment(# wish: sigprocmask block SIGINT)

+        instance_variable(@child_count) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)

+        ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) reserved(do)

+            ident(child_handler)

+        reserved(end)

+        comment(# wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(run)

+        instance_variable(@server) operator(=) constant(TCPserver)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()instance_variable(@port)operator(\))

+        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@reaper)operator(\))

+        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@huntsman)operator(\))

+        ident(loop) operator({)

+            operator(()instance_variable(@prefork) operator(-) instance_variable(@child_count)operator(\))operator(.)ident(times) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

+                ident(make_new_child)

+            operator(})

+            ident(sleep) operator(.)integer(1)

+        operator(})

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Preforker)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(class) class(ClientHandler)

+    reserved(def) method(setUp)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(tearDown)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(handle_request)operator(()ident(client)operator(\))

+        comment(# do stuff)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(server) operator(=) constant(Preforker)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(100)operator(,) integer(3102)operator(,) constant(ClientHandler)operator(.)ident(new)operator(\))

+ident(server)operator(.)ident(run)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.2)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(net/ftp)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(ftp) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,)ident(password)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(directory)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(FTP failed: )delimiter(")> operator(+) global_variable($!)

+reserved(ensure)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(ftp)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# A better solution for a local use could be :)

+constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ftp)operator(|)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,)ident(password)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(directory)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# If you have only one file to get, there is a simple solution :)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(open-uri)delimiter(')>

+ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp://www.ruby-lang.org/path/filename)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

+    comment(# read from filehandle fh)

+reserved(end) 

+comment(#--------------------------------------------)

+comment(# to wait a defined time for the connection, )

+comment(# use the timeout module)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

+reserved(begin) 

+    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(30)operator(\))operator({)

+        ident(ftp) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+        ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(debug_mode) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

+    operator(})

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't connect.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(rescue) constant(Timeout)operator(::)constant(Error)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timeout while connecting to server.)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't authentificate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Still couldn't authenticate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't authenticate, even with explicit

+    username and password.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(,) ident(account)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

+    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(No dice. It hates me.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(localfile)operator(,) ident(remotefile)operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# Sending data from STDIN is not directly supported )

+comment(# by the ftp library module. A possible way to do it is to use the )

+comment(# storlines method directly to send raw commands to the ftp server.)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(remotefile)operator(,) ident(localfile)operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(remotefile)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(data)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(data) operator(})

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby)delimiter(")>operator(\)) 

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I'm in the directory )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/new_dir)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(lines) operator(=) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(ls)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# => ["drwxr-xr-x 2 matz users 4096 July 17 1998 1.0", ... ])

+

+ident(latest) operator(=) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(dir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/*.tgz)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(last)

+

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(nlst)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# => ["/pub/ruby/1.0", ... ])

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(quit)operator(()operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.6)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(net/telnet)delimiter(')>

+ident(t) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(Telnet)operator(::)ident(new)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(Timeout)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) integer(10)operator(,)

+                      string<delimiter(")content(Prompt)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) regexp<delimiter(/)content(%)delimiter(/)>operator(,)

+                      string<delimiter(")content(Host)delimiter(")>    operator(=)operator(>) ident(host) operator(\))

+ident(t)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

+ident(files) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(cmd)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(t)operator(.)ident(print)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(top)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+ident(process_string) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+ processes)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

+ident(t)operator(.)ident(close)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+regexp<delimiter(/)content([$%#>] )char(\\z)delimiter(/)modifier(n)>

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# In case of an error, the telnet module throws an exception.)

+comment(# For control of the behavior in case of an error,)

+comment(# you just need to catch the exceptions and do your custom)

+comment(# error handling.)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+reserved(begin)

+    ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

+reserved(rescue) constant(TimeoutError)

+    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(Login failed !)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/--more--/)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()constant(String) operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(greasy smoke)delimiter(')>operator(,) constant(Timeout) operator(=)operator(>) integer(30)operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.7)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ping)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(host)delimiter(})>content( is alive.)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) constant(Ping)operator(.)ident(pingecho)operator(()ident(host)operator(\))operator(;)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# the ping module only use TCP ping, not ICMP even if we are root)

+reserved(if) constant(Ping)operator(.)ident(pingecho)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(kingkong.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The giant ape lives!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(else)

+    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(All hail mighty Gamera, friend of children!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.0)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# http://www.perl.com/CPAN/)

+comment(# http://www.perl.com:8001/bad/mojo.html)

+comment(# ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/misc/netlib.tar.Z)

+comment(# ftp://anonymous@myplace:gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/misc/netlib.tar.Z)

+comment(# file:///etc/motd)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# http://mox.perl.com/cgi-bin/program?name=Johann&born=1685)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+comment(# http://mox.perl.com/cgi-bin/program)

+comment(#-----------------------------)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.1)

+comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# hiweb - load CGI class to decode information given by web server)

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(html3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+comment(# get a parameter from a form)

+ident(value) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(params)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(PARAM_NAME)delimiter(')>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+

+comment(# output a document)

+ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out) operator({)

+    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

+        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Howdy there!)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

+            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(You typed: )delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(tt) operator({)

+                    constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(escapeHTML)operator(()ident(value)operator(\)) operator(}) operator(}) operator(})

+    operator(})

+operator(})

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(who)   operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Name)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])     comment(# first param in list)

+ident(phone) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Number)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(picks) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Choices)delimiter(")>operator(])     comment(# complete list)

+

+ident(print) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(header)operator(() string<delimiter(')content(type)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(text/plain)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+                  string<delimiter(')content(expires)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(+) operator(()integer(3) operator(*) integer(24) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60)operator(\)) operator(\))

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.3)

+comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# webwhoami - show web user's id)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(etc)delimiter(')>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Content-Type: text/plain)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Running as )delimiter(")> operator(+) constant(Etc)operator(.)ident(getpwuid)operator(.)ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+comment(# % ruby -wc cgi-script     # just check syntax)

+

+comment(# % ruby -w  cgi-script     # params from stdin)

+comment(# (offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input\))

+comment(# name=joe)

+comment(# number=10)

+comment(# ^D)

+

+comment(# % ruby -w  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # run with mock form input)

+comment(# % ruby -d  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # ditto, under the debugger)

+

+comment(# POST method script in csh)

+comment(# % (setenv HTTP_METHOD POST; ruby -w cgi-script name=joe number=10\))

+comment(# POST method script in sh)

+comment(# % HTTP_METHOD=POST perl -w cgi-script name=joe number=10)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.4)

+comment(# ruby has several security levels, the level "1" is similar to perls taint mode.)

+comment(# It can be switched on by providing the -T command line parameter)

+comment(# or by setting $SAFE to 1. Setting $SAFE to 2,3 or 4 restricts possible)

+comment(# harmful operations further.)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -T)

+global_variable($SAFE) operator(=) integer(1)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+comment(# ruby warns with:)

+comment(# taint1.rb:2:in `initialize': Insecure operation - initialize (SecurityError\))

+

+global_variable($SAFE) operator(=) integer(1)

+ident(file) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+reserved(unless) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^([)char(\\w)content(.-]+\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

+    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(filename )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>content( has invalid characters)delimiter(")>

+reserved(end)

+ident(file) operator(=) global_variable($1)

+comment(# In ruby, even the back reference from a regular expression stays tainted.)

+comment(# you need to explicitly untaint the variable:)

+ident(file)operator(.)ident(untaint)

+constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+

+comment(# Race condition exists like in perl:)

+reserved(unless) constant(File)operator(.)ident(exists)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))        comment(# Wrong because of race condition)

+    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.8)

+ident(url) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_ruby/)delimiter(")>

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Location: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(url)delimiter(})>char(\\r)char(\\n)char(\\r)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+ident(exit)

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(oreo) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(::)constant(Cookie)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(name)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(filling)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+                       string<delimiter(')content(value)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(vanilla creme)delimiter(')>operator(,)

+                       string<delimiter(')content(expires)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(+) operator(()integer(3) operator(*) integer(30) operator(*) integer(24) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60)operator(\))operator(,)

+                       string<delimiter(')content(domain)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(.pleac.sourceforge.net)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(whither) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_ruby/cgiprogramming.html)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(cookie)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(oreo)operator(,)

+        string<delimiter(')content(Location)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(whither)operator(\))operator({)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(})

+

+comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

+comment(# os_snipe - redirect to a Jargon File entry about current OS)

+ident(dir) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(http://www.elsewhere.org/jargon/html/entry)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(agent) operator(=) constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(HTTP_USER_AGENT)delimiter(')>operator(])

+

+ident(page) operator(=) reserved(case)

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(Mac)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(Macintrash.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(Win(dows \)?NT)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(evil_and_rude.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(Win|MSIE|WebTV)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(Microsloth_Windows.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(Linux)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(Linux.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(HP-UX)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(HP-SUX.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(when) ident(agent) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(SunOS)delimiter(/)>operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(ScumOS.html)delimiter(')>

+    reserved(else) string<delimiter(')content(Appendix_B.html)delimiter(')>

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Location: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(page)delimiter(})>char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

+

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)

+ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(status)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(204 No response)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator({)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(})

+comment(# this produces:)

+comment(# Status: 204 No response)

+comment(# Content-Type: text/html)

+comment(# Content-Length: 0)

+comment(# <blank line here>)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.10)

+ident(preference_value) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(cookies)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(preference name)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+

+ident(packed_cookie) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(::)constant(Cookie)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(name)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(preference name)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+                                string<delimiter(")content(value)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(whatever you'd like)delimiter(")>operator(,)

+                                string<delimiter(")content(expires)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(local)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(+) integer(2)operator(,)

+    constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(mon)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(day)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(hour)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(min)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(sec)operator(\)) operator(\))

+

+ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(header)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cookie)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) operator([)ident(packed_cookie)operator(])operator(\))

+

+comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

+comment(# ic_cookies - sample CGI script that uses a cookie)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+

+ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(html3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+ident(cookname) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(favorite ice cream)delimiter(")>

+ident(favorite) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(params)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(flavor)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

+ident(tasty)    operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(cookies)operator([)ident(cookname)operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(')content(mint)delimiter(')>

+

+reserved(unless) ident(favorite)

+    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out) operator({)

+        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

+            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Ice Cookies)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

+            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(h1) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Hello Ice Cream)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(+)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(hr) operator(+)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(form) operator({)

+                    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Please select a flavor: )delimiter(")> operator(+)

+                            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(text_field)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(flavor)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(tasty) operator(\)) operator(})

+                operator(}) operator(+)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(hr)

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+    operator(})

+reserved(else)

+    ident(cookie) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(::)constant(Cookie)operator(.)ident(new)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(name)delimiter(")>    operator(=)operator(>) ident(cookname)operator(,)

+                              string<delimiter(")content(value)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(favorite)operator(,)

+                              string<delimiter(")content(expires)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(local)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(+) integer(2)operator(,)

+constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(mon)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(day)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(hour)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(min)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(sec)operator(\)) operator(\))

+    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cookie)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) operator([)ident(cookie)operator(])operator(\)) operator({)

+        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

+            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Ice Cookies)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

+            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(h1) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Hello Ice Cream)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(+)

+                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(You chose as your favorite flavor `)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(favorite)delimiter(})>content('.)delimiter(")> operator(})

+            operator(})

+        operator(})

+    operator(})

+reserved(end)

+

+

+comment(# @@PLEAC@@_20.9)

+reserved(def) method(templatefile)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(fillings)operator(\))

+    ident(aFile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

+    ident(text) operator(=) ident(aFile)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(aFile)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

+    ident(pattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%%(.*?\)%%)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+    ident(text)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(\)) operator({)

+        ident(fillings)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

+    operator(})

+    ident(text)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(fields) operator(=) operator({)

+    string<delimiter(')content(username)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(whats_his_name)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(count)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(login_count)operator(,)

+    string<delimiter(')content(total)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(minutes_used)

+operator(})

+ident(puts) ident(templatefile)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(simple.template)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(fields)operator(\))

+

+comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@)

+comment(# An example using databases is missing)

+

+

diff --git a/test/ruby/quotes.in.rb b/test/ruby/quotes.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74bfe77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/quotes.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print "test\n\\\\".gsub(/[\n\\]/, '\\\\\&')

diff --git a/test/ruby/quotes.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/quotes.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a55efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/quotes.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(test)char(\\n)char(\\\\)char(\\\\)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([)char(\\n)char(\\\\)content(])delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)char(\\\\)content(\\&)delimiter(')>operator(\))

diff --git a/test/ruby/sidebarize.in.rb b/test/ruby/sidebarize.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cb9e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/sidebarize.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby

+# Sidebarize is a quite simple converter, like a lot others.

+# But in one way Sidebarize is special: it converts

+# feeds into HTML-pages suitable for sidebars in Gecko-browsers.

+

+# import support for all kinds of feeds

+require 'rss/0.9'

+require 'rss/1.0'

+require 'rss/2.0'

+# import support for encodings

+require 'iconv'

+# import support for CGI

+require 'cgi'

+# import support for getting files from URLs

+require 'net/http'

+require 'uri'

+

+Version = '0.0.9'

+

+Header = %q(<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC 

+	"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

+	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 

+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

+    <head>

+        <title>%s Sidebar</title>

+        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sidebarize.css" />

+    </head>

+

+    <body>

+        <p>%s</p>)

+

+Footer = %q(        <p>

+            <img src="fourpiece32.png" width="32" height="32" class="logo" />

+            generated by Sidebarize %s

+        </p>

+    </body>

+</html>)

+

+Entry = %q(        <div>

+            <img src="arrow.png" width="6" height="11" />

+            <a href="%s">%s</a>

+        </div>)

+

+class FeedConverter

+    def initialize

+        @xml_source = ''

+        @feed_data = []

+        @feed_version = ''

+        @feed_description = ''

+    end

+    

+    def from_file(filename)

+        f = File::open(filename)

+        @xml_source = f.read

+        f.close

+    end

+    

+    def from_url(url)

+        @xml_source = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse(url))

+    end

+    

+    def parse

+        feed = RSS::Parser.parse(@xml_source)

+        @feed_description = feed.channel.description

+        @feed_name = feed.channel.title

+        

+    

+        feed.items.each do |item|

+            item_data = {}

+            item_data['title'] = item.title

+            item_data['link'] = item.link

+            @feed_data << item_data

+        end

+    end

+    

+    # Output HTML from the internal data structure

+    def to_html

+        # header

+        puts Header % [convert_entity(@feed_name), convert_entity(@feed_description)]

+        

+        # the entries

+        @feed_data.each do |item|

+            puts Entry % [item['link'], convert_entity(item['title'])]

+        end

+    

+        # footer

+        print Footer % Version

+    end

+end

+

+# Converts entities

+# uses code by murphy extended with iconv conversion

+def convert_entity(text)

+    text = Iconv.new('iso-8859-15', 'utf-8').iconv(text) 

+    

+    feed = text.inspect[1...-1]

+

+    feed.gsub!(/\\([0-7]+)|(.)/m) do

+        if $2

+            $&

+        else

+            '&#%s;' % $1.to_i(8).to_s(10)

+        end

+    end

+    

+    feed.gsub!('\"', '&quot;')

+

+    return feed

+end

+

+# Starter

+def main

+    fc = FeedConverter.new

+    cgi = CGI.new

+    if cgi.has_key? 'url'

+        # yeah, the user pointed us to an URL

+        fc.from_url(cgi['url'])

+        #fc.from_file('sd.xml')

+        #fc.from_file('sbarize_design.html')

+        

+        begin

+            # try to parse it and to generate HTML

+            fc.parse

+            

+            puts 'Content-Type: text/html'

+            puts

+            fc.to_html

+        rescue

+            # parsing failed so show an error message

+            puts 'Content-Type: text/html'

+            puts

+            puts Header % ['No', 'The specified feed is not valid.']

+            puts Footer % Version

+        end

+    else

+        # no, we've got no URL, generate error message

+        puts 'Content-Type: text/plain'

+        puts

+        puts Header % ['No', 'You have to set the url=http://domain.tld/path/feed.xml to your feed.']

+        puts Footer % Version

+    end

+end

+

+main if __FILE__ == $0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/ruby/sidebarize.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/sidebarize.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adaec34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/sidebarize.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+comment(#!/usr/bin/env ruby)

+comment(# Sidebarize is a quite simple converter, like a lot others.)

+comment(# But in one way Sidebarize is special: it converts)

+comment(# feeds into HTML-pages suitable for sidebars in Gecko-browsers.)

+

+comment(# import support for all kinds of feeds)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rss/0.9)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rss/1.0)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rss/2.0)delimiter(')>

+comment(# import support for encodings)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(iconv)delimiter(')>

+comment(# import support for CGI)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

+comment(# import support for getting files from URLs)

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(net/http)delimiter(')>

+ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(uri)delimiter(')>

+

+constant(Version) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(0.0.9)delimiter(')>

+

+constant(Header) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC 

+	"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

+	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 

+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

+    <head>

+        <title>%s Sidebar</title>

+        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sidebarize.css" />

+    </head>

+

+    <body>

+        <p>%s</p>)delimiter(\))>

+

+constant(Footer) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(        <p>

+            <img src="fourpiece32.png" width="32" height="32" class="logo" />

+            generated by Sidebarize %s

+        </p>

+    </body>

+</html>)delimiter(\))>

+

+constant(Entry) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(        <div>

+            <img src="arrow.png" width="6" height="11" />

+            <a href="%s">%s</a>

+        </div>)delimiter(\))>

+

+reserved(class) class(FeedConverter)

+    reserved(def) method(initialize)

+        instance_variable(@xml_source) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+        instance_variable(@feed_data) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

+        instance_variable(@feed_version) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+        instance_variable(@feed_description) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(from_file)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+        ident(f) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@xml_source) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(read)

+        ident(f)operator(.)ident(close)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(from_url)operator(()ident(url)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@xml_source) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(HTTP)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()constant(URI)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(url)operator(\))operator(\))

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    reserved(def) method(parse)

+        ident(feed) operator(=) constant(RSS)operator(::)constant(Parser)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()instance_variable(@xml_source)operator(\))

+        instance_variable(@feed_description) operator(=) ident(feed)operator(.)ident(channel)operator(.)ident(description)

+        instance_variable(@feed_name) operator(=) ident(feed)operator(.)ident(channel)operator(.)ident(title)

+        

+    

+        ident(feed)operator(.)ident(items)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(item)operator(|)

+            ident(item_data) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

+            ident(item_data)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(title)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(=) ident(item)operator(.)ident(title)

+            ident(item_data)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(link)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(=) ident(item)operator(.)ident(link)

+            instance_variable(@feed_data) operator(<<) ident(item_data)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    comment(# Output HTML from the internal data structure)

+    reserved(def) method(to_html)

+        comment(# header)

+        ident(puts) constant(Header) operator(%) operator([)ident(convert_entity)operator(()instance_variable(@feed_name)operator(\))operator(,) ident(convert_entity)operator(()instance_variable(@feed_description)operator(\))operator(])

+        

+        comment(# the entries)

+        instance_variable(@feed_data)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(item)operator(|)

+            ident(puts) constant(Entry) operator(%) operator([)ident(item)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(link)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(,) ident(convert_entity)operator(()ident(item)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(title)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))operator(])

+        reserved(end)

+    

+        comment(# footer)

+        ident(print) constant(Footer) operator(%) constant(Version)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Converts entities)

+comment(# uses code by murphy extended with iconv conversion)

+reserved(def) method(convert_entity)operator(()ident(text)operator(\))

+    ident(text) operator(=) constant(Iconv)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(iso-8859-15)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(utf-8)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(iconv)operator(()ident(text)operator(\)) 

+    

+    ident(feed) operator(=) ident(text)operator(.)ident(inspect)operator([)integer(1)operator(...)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

+

+    ident(feed)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)content(([0-7]+\)|(.\))delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(\)) reserved(do)

+        reserved(if) global_variable($2)

+            global_variable($&)

+        reserved(else)

+            string<delimiter(')content(&#%s;)delimiter(')> operator(%) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(()integer(8)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(end)

+    

+    ident(feed)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(\\")delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(&quot;)delimiter(')>operator(\))

+

+    reserved(return) ident(feed)

+reserved(end)

+

+comment(# Starter)

+reserved(def) method(main)

+    ident(fc) operator(=) constant(FeedConverter)operator(.)ident(new)

+    ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)

+    reserved(if) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(has_key?) string<delimiter(')content(url)delimiter(')>

+        comment(# yeah, the user pointed us to an URL)

+        ident(fc)operator(.)ident(from_url)operator(()ident(cgi)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(url)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))

+        comment(#fc.from_file('sd.xml'\))

+        comment(#fc.from_file('sbarize_design.html'\))

+        

+        reserved(begin)

+            comment(# try to parse it and to generate HTML)

+            ident(fc)operator(.)ident(parse)

+            

+            ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(Content-Type: text/html)delimiter(')>

+            ident(puts)

+            ident(fc)operator(.)ident(to_html)

+        reserved(rescue)

+            comment(# parsing failed so show an error message)

+            ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(Content-Type: text/html)delimiter(')>

+            ident(puts)

+            ident(puts) constant(Header) operator(%) operator([)string<delimiter(')content(No)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(The specified feed is not valid.)delimiter(')>operator(])

+            ident(puts) constant(Footer) operator(%) constant(Version)

+        reserved(end)

+    reserved(else)

+        comment(# no, we've got no URL, generate error message)

+        ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(Content-Type: text/plain)delimiter(')>

+        ident(puts)

+        ident(puts) constant(Header) operator(%) operator([)string<delimiter(')content(No)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(You have to set the url=http://domain.tld/path/feed.xml to your feed.)delimiter(')>operator(])

+        ident(puts) constant(Footer) operator(%) constant(Version)

+    reserved(end)

+reserved(end)

+

+ident(main) reserved(if) pre_constant(__FILE__) operator(==) global_variable($0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/ruby/simple.in.rb b/test/ruby/simple.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f5e390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/simple.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+puts "Hello, World!"

+p 2 * 19

diff --git a/test/ruby/simple.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/simple.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c11552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/simple.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Hello, World!)delimiter(")>

+ident(p) integer(2) operator(*) integer(19)

diff --git a/test/ruby/suite.rb b/test/ruby/suite.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b69cf6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/suite.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class RubyTest < CodeRaySuite

+	

+	@file = __FILE__

+	LANG = :ruby

+	EXTENSION = 'rb'

+	

+end

+

+$suite << RubyTest.suite if $suite

diff --git a/test/ruby/undef.in.rb b/test/ruby/undef.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..795483d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/undef.in.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+undef /

+undef ,

+undef --

+

+undef

+# bla

+[]=

+

+undef undef

+undef /,/,:/

+

+undef &,&&

+

+:simple

+:"bla"

+:"#{undef :blubb}#@@cv"

+

+undef :"bla", /, :"#{undef :blubb}#@@cv"

diff --git a/test/ruby/undef.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/undef.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c19712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/undef.out.raydebug
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+reserved(undef) method(/)

+reserved(undef) operator(,)

+reserved(undef) method(-)operator(-)

+

+reserved(undef)

+comment(# bla)

+method([]=)

+

+reserved(undef) method(undef)

+reserved(undef) method(/)operator(,)method(/)operator(,)symbol(:/)

+

+reserved(undef) method(&)operator(,)method(&)operator(&)

+

+symbol(:simple)

+symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")content(bla)delimiter(")>

+symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)reserved(undef) symbol(:blubb)delimiter(})>escape(#)class_variable(@@cv)delimiter(")>

+

+reserved(undef) symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")content(bla)delimiter(")>operator(,) method(/)operator(,) symbol<symbol(:)delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)reserved(undef) symbol(:blubb)delimiter(})>escape(#)class_variable(@@cv)delimiter(")>

diff --git a/test/ruby/zero.in.rb b/test/ruby/zero.in.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/zero.in.rb
diff --git a/test/ruby/zero.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/zero.out.raydebug
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/ruby/zero.out.raydebug
diff --git a/test/suite.rb b/test/suite.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dca72ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/suite.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+mydir = File.dirname(__FILE__)

+$:.unshift mydir + '/../lib/'

+

+$VERBOSE = true

+

+require 'coderay'

+CodeRay::Encoders[:tokens]

+CodeRay::Encoders[:html]

+

+require 'test/unit'

+include Test::Unit

+

+class CodeRaySuite < TestCase

+	

+	def self.dir &block

+		@dir ||= File.dirname(@file)

+		if block

+			Dir.chdir @dir, &block

+		end

+		@dir

+	end

+	

+	def dir &block

+		self.class.dir(&block)

+	end

+	

+	def extension

+		'in.' + self.class::EXTENSION

+	end

+

+	def lang

+		self.class::LANG

+	end

+

+	def test_ALL

+		CodeRay::Scanners.load lang

+		tokenizer = CodeRay::Encoders[:debug].new

+		highlighter = CodeRay::Encoders[:html].new(

+			:tab_width => 2,

+			:line_numbers => :table,

+			:wrap => :page,

+			:hint => :info

+		)

+		

+		dir do

+			for input in Dir["*.#{extension}"]

+				puts "[ testing #{input}... ]"

+				name = File.basename(input, ".#{extension}")

+				output = name + '.out.' + tokenizer.file_extension

+				code = File.open(input, 'rb') { |f| break f.read }

+

+				tokens = CodeRay.scan code, lang

+				result = tokenizer.encode_tokens tokens

+				highlighted = highlighter.encode_tokens tokens

+				

+				File.open(name + '.html', 'w') do |f| f.write highlighted end	

+

+				if File.exist? output

+					expected = File.read output

+					ok = expected == result

+					computed = output.sub('.out.', '.computed.')

+					unless ok

+						File.open(computed, 'w') { |f| f.write result }

+						print `gvimdiff #{output} #{computed}` if $DEBUG

+					end

+					assert(ok, "Scan error: #{computed} != #{output}")

+				else

+					File.open(output, 'w') do |f| f.write result end

+					puts "New test: #{output}"

+				end

+

+			end

+		end

+	end

+

+end

+

+require 'test/unit/testsuite'

+$suite = TestSuite.new

+

+def load_suite name

+	begin

+		require name + '/suite.rb'

+	rescue LoadError

+		$stderr.puts <<-ERR

+

+!! Folder #{File.split(__FILE__).first + '/' + name} not found

+		

+		ERR

+		false

+	end

+end

+

+if subsuite = ARGV.find { |a| break $1 if a[/^([^-].*)/] }

+	load_suite(subsuite) or exit

+else

+	Dir[mydir + '/*/'].each { |suite| load_suite suite }

+end

+

+if ARGV.include? '-f'

+	require 'test/unit/ui/fox/testrunner'

+	UI::Fox::TestRunner.run $suite

+else

+	require 'test/unit/ui/console/testrunner'

+	UI::Console::TestRunner.run $suite

+end