ALL-TESTS.rb: not needed.

test/ruby/example.in.rb: PLEAC part was doubled - deleted and adjusted target.
suite.rb: back to debug hints.

4 files changed, 1 insertions, 12568 deletions

diff --git a/test/ALL-TESTS.rb b/test/ALL-TESTS.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 4014cdc..0000000
--- a/test/ALL-TESTS.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-$:.unshift "../lib"
-
-Dir.chdir File.dirname(__FILE__)
-Dir["**/tc_*.rb"].each { |file| load file }
diff --git a/test/ruby/example.in.rb b/test/ruby/example.in.rb
index c89d3ab..8e6d20e 100644
--- a/test/ruby/example.in.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/example.in.rb
@@ -3786,6285 +3786,4 @@ if $0 == __FILE__
 		break if c.typ == TokenConsts::EOP

 	end

 end

-# -*- ruby -*-

-

-# Local variables:

-#  indent-tabs-mode: nil

-#  ruby-indent-level: 4

-# End:

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_NAME

-# @@SKIP@@ Ruby

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_WEB

-# @@SKIP@@ http://www.ruby-lang.org

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.0

-string = '\n'                     # two characters, \ and an n

-string = 'Jon \'Maddog\' Orwant'  # literal single quotes

-

-string = "\n"                     # a "newline" character

-string = "Jon \"Maddog\" Orwant"  # literal double quotes

-

-string = %q/Jon 'Maddog' Orwant/  # literal single quotes

-

-string = %q[Jon 'Maddog' Orwant]  # literal single quotes

-string = %q{Jon 'Maddog' Orwant}  # literal single quotes

-string = %q(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)  # literal single quotes

-string = %q<Jon 'Maddog' Orwant>  # literal single quotes

-

-a = <<"EOF"

-This is a multiline here document

-terminated by EOF on a line by itself

-EOF

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.1

-value = string[offset,count]

-value = string[offset..-1]

-

-string[offset,count] = newstring

-string[offset..-1]   = newtail

-

-# in Ruby we can also specify intervals by their two offsets

-value = string[offset..offs2]

-string[offset..offs2] = newstring

-

-leading, s1, s2, trailing = data.unpack("A5 x3 A8 A8 A*")

-

-fivers = string.unpack("A5" * (string.length/5))

-

-chars = string.unpack("A1" * string.length)

-

-string = "This is what you have"

-#        +012345678901234567890  Indexing forwards  (left to right)

-#         109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left)

-#          note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above

-

-first  = string[0, 1]       # "T"

-start  = string[5, 2]       # "is"

-rest   = string[13..-1]     # "you have"

-last   = string[-1, 1]      # "e"

-end_   = string[-4..-1]     # "have"

-piece  = string[-8, 3]      # "you"

-

-string[5, 2] = "wasn't"     # change "is" to "wasn't"

-string[-12..-1] = "ondrous" # "This wasn't wondrous"

-string[0, 1] = ""           # delete first character

-string[-10..-1]  = ""       # delete last 10 characters

-

-if string[-10..-1] =~ /pattern/

-    puts "Pattern matches in last 10 characters"

-end

-

-string[0, 5].gsub!(/is/, 'at')

-

-a = "make a hat"

-a[0, 1], a[-1, 1] = a[-1, 1], a[0, 1]

-

-a = "To be or not to be"

-b = a.unpack("x6 A6")

-

-b, c = a.unpack("x6 A2 X5 A2")

-puts "#{b}\n#{c}\n"

-

-def cut2fmt(*args)

-    template = ''

-    lastpos  = 1

-    for place in args

-        template += "A" + (place - lastpos).to_s + " "

-        lastpos   = place

-    end

-    template += "A*"

-    return template

-end

-

-fmt = cut2fmt(8, 14, 20, 26, 30)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.2

-# careful! "b is true" doesn't mean "b != 0" (0 is true in Ruby)

-# thus no problem of "defined" later since only nil is false

-# the following sets to `c' if `b' is nil or false

-a = b || c

-

-# if you need Perl's behaviour (setting to `c' if `b' is 0) the most

-# effective way is to use Numeric#nonzero? (thanks to Dave Thomas!)

-a = b.nonzero? || c

-

-# you will still want to use defined? in order to test

-# for scope existence of a given object

-a = defined?(b) ? b : c

-

-dir = ARGV.shift || "/tmp"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.3

-v1, v2 = v2, v1

-

-alpha, beta, production = %w(January March August)

-alpha, beta, production = beta, production, alpha

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.4

-num = char[0]

-char = num.chr

-

-# Ruby also supports having a char from character constant

-num = ?r

-

-char = sprintf("%c", num)

-printf("Number %d is character %c\n", num, num)

-

-ascii = string.unpack("C*")

-string = ascii.pack("C*")

-

-hal = "HAL"

-ascii = hal.unpack("C*")

-# We can't use Array#each since we can't mutate a Fixnum

-ascii.collect! { |i|

-    i + 1                         # add one to each ASCII value

-}

-ibm = ascii.pack("C*")

-puts ibm

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.5

-array = string.split('')

-

-array = string.unpack("C*")

-

-string.scan(/./) { |b|

-    # do something with b

-}

-

-string = "an apple a day"

-print "unique chars are: ", string.split('').uniq.sort, "\n"

-

-sum = 0

-for ascval in string.unpack("C*") # or use Array#each for a pure OO style :)

-    sum += ascval

-end

-puts "sum is #{sum & 0xffffffff}" # since Ruby will go Bignum if necessary

-

-# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/slowcat.rb

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.6

-revbytes = string.reverse

-

-revwords = string.split(" ").reverse.join(" ")

-

-revwords = string.split(/(\s+)/).reverse.join

-

-# using the fact that IO is Enumerable, you can directly "select" it

-long_palindromes = File.open("/usr/share/dict/words").

-    select { |w| w.chomp!; w.reverse == w && w.length > 5 }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.7

-while string.sub!("\t+") { ' ' * ($&.length * 8 - $`.length % 8) }

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.8

-'You owe #{debt} to me'.gsub(/\#{(\w+)}/) { eval($1) }

-

-rows, cols = 24, 80

-text = %q(I am #{rows} high and #{cols} long)

-text.gsub!(/\#{(\w+)}/) { eval("#{$1}") }

-puts text

-

-'I am 17 years old'.gsub(/\d+/) { 2 * $&.to_i }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.9

-e = "bo peep".upcase

-e.downcase!

-e.capitalize!

-

-"thIS is a loNG liNE".gsub!(/\w+/) { $&.capitalize }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.10

-"I have #{n+1} guanacos."

-print "I have ", n+1, " guanacos."

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.11

-var = <<'EOF'.gsub(/^\s+/, '')

-    your text

-    goes here

-EOF

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.12

-string = "Folding and splicing is the work of an editor,\n"+

-    "not a mere collection of silicon\n"+

-    "and\n"+

-    "mobile electrons!"

-

-def wrap(str, max_size)

-    all = []

-    line = ''

-    for l in str.split

-        if (line+l).length >= max_size

-            all.push(line)

-            line = ''

-        end

-        line += line == '' ? l : ' ' + l

-    end

-    all.push(line).join("\n")

-end

-

-print wrap(string, 20)

-#=> Folding and

-#=> splicing is the

-#=> work of an editor,

-#=> not a mere

-#=> collection of

-#=> silicon and mobile

-#=> electrons!

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.13

-string = %q(Mom said, "Don't do that.")

-string.gsub(/['"]/) { '\\'+$& }

-string.gsub(/['"]/, '\&\&')

-string.gsub(/[^A-Z]/) { '\\'+$& }

-"is a test!".gsub(/\W/) { '\\'+$& }  # no function like quotemeta?

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.14

-string.strip!

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.15

-def parse_csv(text)

-    new = text.scan(/"([^\"\\]*(?:\\.[^\"\\]*)*)",?|([^,]+),?|,/)

-    new << nil if text[-1] == ?,

-    new.flatten.compact

-end

-

-line = %q<XYZZY,"","O'Reilly, Inc","Wall, Larry","a \"glug\" bit,",5,"Error, Core Dumped">

-fields = parse_csv(line)

-fields.each_with_index { |v,i|

-    print "#{i} : #{v}\n";

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.16

-# Use the soundex.rb Library from Michael Neumann.

-# http://www.s-direktnet.de/homepages/neumann/rb_prgs/Soundex.rb

-require 'Soundex'

-

-code = Text::Soundex.soundex(string)

-codes = Text::Soundex.soundex(array)

-

-# substitution function for getpwent():

-# returns an array of user entries,

-# each entry contains the username and the full name

-def login_names

-    result = []

-    File.open("/etc/passwd") { |file|

-        file.each_line { |line|

-            next if line.match(/^#/)

-            cols = line.split(":")

-            result.push([cols[0], cols[4]])

-        }

-    }

-    result

-end

-

-puts "Lookup user: "

-user = STDIN.gets

-user.chomp!

-exit unless user

-name_code = Text::Soundex.soundex(user)

-

-splitter = Regexp.new('(\w+)[^,]*\b(\w+)')

-for username, fullname in login_names do

-    firstname, lastname = splitter.match(fullname)[1,2]

-    if name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(username)

-        || name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(firstname)

-        || name_code == Text::Soundex.soundex(lastname)

-    then

-        puts "#{username}: #{firstname} #{lastname}"

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.17

-# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/fixstyle.rb

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_1.18

-# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/psgrep.rb

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.1

-# Matz tells that you can use Integer() for strict checked conversion.

-Integer("abc")

-#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "abc" (ArgumentError)

-Integer("567")

-#=> 567

-

-# You may use Float() for floating point stuff

-Integer("56.7")

-#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "56.7" (ArgumentError)

-Float("56.7")

-#=> 56.7

-

-# You may also use a regexp for that

-if string =~ /^[+-]?\d+$/

-    p 'is an integer'

-else

-    p 'is not'

-end

-

-if string =~ /^-?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)$/

-    p 'is a decimal number'

-else

-    p 'is not'

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.2

-# equal(num1, num2, accuracy) : returns true if num1 and num2 are

-#   equal to accuracy number of decimal places

-def equal(i, j, a)

-    sprintf("%.#{a}g", i) == sprintf("%.#{a}g", j)

-end

-

-wage = 536                        # $5.36/hour

-week = 40 * wage                  # $214.40

-printf("One week's wage is: \$%.2f\n", week/100.0)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.3

-num.round                         # rounds to integer

-

-a = 0.255

-b = sprintf("%.2f", a)

-print  "Unrounded: #{a}\nRounded: #{b}\n"

-printf "Unrounded: #{a}\nRounded: %.2f\n", a

-

-print "number\tint\tfloor\tceil\n"

-a = [ 3.3 , 3.5 , 3.7, -3.3 ]

-for n in a

-    printf("% .1f\t% .1f\t% .1f\t% .1f\n",  # at least I don't fake my output :)

-           n, n.to_i, n.floor, n.ceil)

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.4

-def dec2bin(n)

-    [n].pack("N").unpack("B32")[0].sub(/^0+(?=\d)/, '')

-end

-

-def bin2dec(n)

-    [("0"*32+n.to_s)[-32..-1]].pack("B32").unpack("N")[0]

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.5

-for i in x .. y

-    # i is set to every integer from x to y, inclusive

-end

-

-x.step(y,7) { |i|

-    # i is set to every integer from x to y, stepsize = 7

-}

-

-print "Infancy is: "

-(0..2).each { |i|

-    print i, " "

-}

-print "\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.6

-# We can add conversion methods to the Integer class,

-# this makes a roman number just a representation for normal numbers.

-class Integer

-

-    @@romanlist = [["M", 1000],

-                   ["CM", 900],

-                   ["D",  500],

-                   ["CD", 400],

-                   ["C",  100],

-                   ["XC",  90],

-                   ["L",   50],

-                   ["XL",  40],

-                   ["X",   10],

-                   ["IX",   9],

-                   ["V",    5],

-                   ["IV",   4],

-                   ["I",    1]]

-

-    def to_roman

-        remains = self

-        roman = ""

-        for sym, num in @@romanlist

-            while remains >= num

-                remains -= num

-                roman << sym

-            end

-        end

-        roman

-    end

-

-    def Integer.from_roman(roman)

-        ustr = roman.upcase

-        sum = 0

-        for entry in @@romanlist

-            sym, num = entry[0], entry[1]

-            while sym == ustr[0, sym.length]

-                sum += num

-                ustr.slice!(0, sym.length)

-            end

-        end

-        sum

-    end

-

-end

-

-

-roman_fifteen = 15.to_roman

-puts "Roman for fifteen is #{roman_fifteen}"

-i = Integer.from_roman(roman_fifteen)

-puts "Converted back, #{roman_fifteen} is #{i}"

-

-# check

-for i in (1..3900)

-    r = i.to_roman

-    j = Integer.from_roman(r)

-    if i != j

-        puts "error: #{i} : #{r} - #{j}"

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.7

-random = rand(y-x+1)+x

-

-chars = ["A".."Z","a".."z","0".."9"].collect { |r| r.to_a }.join + %q(!@$%^&*)

-password = (1..8).collect { chars[rand(chars.size)] }.pack("C*")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.8

-srand        # uses a combination of the time, the process id, and a sequence number

-srand(val)   # for repeatable behaviour

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.9

-# from the randomr lib:

-# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/

-----> http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/

-

-require 'random/mersenne_twister'

-mers = Random::MersenneTwister.new 123456789

-puts mers.rand(0)    # 0.550321932544541

-puts mers.rand(10)   # 2

-

-# using online sources of random data via the realrand package:

-# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/realrand/

-# **Note**

-# The following online services are used in this package:

-#   http://www.random.org - source: atmospheric noise

-#   http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits - source: radioactive decay timings

-#   http://random.hd.org - source: entropy from local and network noise

-# Please visit the sites and respect the rules of each service.

-

-require 'random/online'

-

-generator1 = Random::RandomOrg.new

-puts generator1.randbyte(5).join(",")

-puts generator1.randnum(10, 1, 6).join(",")  # Roll dice 10 times.

-

-generator2 = Random::FourmiLab.new

-puts generator2.randbyte(5).join(",")

-# randnum is not supported.

-

-generator3 = Random::EntropyPool.new

-puts generator3.randbyte(5).join(",")

-# randnum is not supported.

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.10

-def gaussian_rand

-    begin

-        u1 = 2 * rand() - 1

-        u2 = 2 * rand() - 1

-        w = u1*u1 + u2*u2

-    end while (w >= 1)

-    w = Math.sqrt((-2*Math.log(w))/w)

-    [ u2*w, u1*w ]

-end

-

-mean = 25

-sdev = 2

-salary = gaussian_rand[0] * sdev + mean

-printf("You have been hired at \$%.2f\n", salary)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.11

-def deg2rad(d)

-    (d/180.0)*Math::PI

-end

-

-def rad2deg(r)

-    (r/Math::PI)*180

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.12

-sin_val = Math.sin(angle)

-cos_val = Math.cos(angle)

-tan_val = Math.tan(angle)

-

-# AFAIK Ruby's Math module doesn't provide acos/asin

-# While we're at it, let's also define missing hyperbolic functions

-module Math

-    def Math.asin(x)

-        atan2(x, sqrt(1 - x**2))

-    end

-    def Math.acos(x)

-        atan2(sqrt(1 - x**2), x)

-    end

-    def Math.atan(x)

-        atan2(x, 1)

-    end

-    def Math.sinh(x)

-        (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2

-    end

-    def Math.cosh(x)

-        (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2

-    end

-    def Math.tanh(x)

-        sinh(x) / cosh(x)

-    end

-end

-

-# The support for Complex numbers is not built-in

-y = Math.acos(3.7)

-#=> in `sqrt': square root for negative number (ArgumentError)

-

-# There is an implementation of Complex numbers in 'complex.rb' in current

-# Ruby distro, but it doesn't support atan2 with complex args, so it doesn't

-# solve this problem.

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.13

-log_e = Math.log(val)

-log_10 = Math.log10(val)

-

-def log_base(base, val)

-    Math.log(val)/Math.log(base)

-end

-

-answer = log_base(10, 10_000)

-puts "log10(10,000) = #{answer}"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.14

-require 'matrix.rb'

-

-a = Matrix[[3, 2, 3], [5, 9, 8]]

-b = Matrix[[4, 7], [9, 3], [8, 1]]

-c = a * b

-

-a.row_size

-a.column_size

-

-c.det

-a.transpose

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.15

-require 'complex.rb'

-require 'rational.rb'

-

-a = Complex(3, 5)              # 3 + 5i

-b = Complex(2, -2)             # 2 - 2i

-puts "c = #{a*b}"

-

-c = a * b

-d = 3 + 4*Complex::I

-

-printf "sqrt(#{d}) = %s\n", Math.sqrt(d)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.16

-number = hexadecimal.hex

-number = octal.oct

-

-print "Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: "

-num = gets.chomp

-exit unless defined?(num)

-num = num.oct if num =~ /^0/  # does both oct and hex

-printf "%d %x %o\n", num, num, num

-

-print "Enter file permission in octal: "

-permissions = gets.chomp

-raise "Exiting ...\n" unless defined?(permissions)

-puts "The decimal value is #{permissions.oct}"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.17

-def commify(n)

-    n.to_s =~ /([^\.]*)(\..*)?/

-    int, dec = $1.reverse, $2 ? $2 : ""

-    while int.gsub!(/(,|\.|^)(\d{3})(\d)/, '\1\2,\3')

-    end

-    int.reverse + dec

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.18

-printf "It took %d hour%s\n", time, time == 1 ? "" : "s"

-

-# dunno if an equivalent to Lingua::EN::Inflect exists...

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_2.19

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# bigfact - calculating prime factors

-def factorize(orig)

-    factors = {}

-    factors.default = 0     # return 0 instead nil if key not found in hash

-    n = orig

-    i = 2

-    sqi = 4                 # square of i

-    while sqi <= n do

-        while n.modulo(i) == 0 do

-            n /= i

-            factors[i] += 1

-            # puts "Found factor #{i}"

-        end

-        # we take advantage of the fact that (i +1)**2 = i**2 + 2*i +1

-        sqi += 2 * i + 1

-        i += 1

-    end

-

-    if (n != 1) && (n != orig)

-        factors[n] += 1

-    end

-    factors

-end

-

-def printfactorhash(orig, factorcount)

-    print format("%-10d ", orig)

-    if factorcount.length == 0

-        print "PRIME"

-    else

-        # sorts after number, because the hash keys are numbers

-        factorcount.sort.each { |factor,exponent|

-            print factor

-            if exponent > 1

-                print "**", exponent

-            end

-            print " "

-        }

-    end

-    puts

-end

-

-for arg in ARGV

-    n = arg.to_i

-    mfactors = factorize(n)

-    printfactorhash(n, mfactors)

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.0

-puts Time.now

-

-print "Today is day ", Time.now.yday, " of the current year.\n"

-print "Today is day ", Time.now.day, " of the current month.\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.1

-day, month, year = Time.now.day, Time.now.month, Time.now.year

-# or

-day, month, year = Time.now.to_a[3..5]

-

-tl = Time.now.localtime

-printf("The current date is %04d %02d %02d\n", tl.year, tl.month, tl.day)

-

-Time.now.localtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.2

-Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, second).tv_sec

-Time.gm(year, month, day, hour, minute, second).tv_sec

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.3

-sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone = Time.at(epoch_secs).to_a

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.4

-when_ = now + difference         # now -> Time ; difference -> Numeric (delta in seconds)

-then_ = now - difference

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.5

-bree = 361535725

-nat  =  96201950

-

-difference = bree - nat

-puts "There were #{difference} seconds between Nat and Bree"

-

-seconds    =  difference % 60

-difference = (difference - seconds) / 60

-minutes    =  difference % 60

-difference = (difference - minutes) / 60

-hours      =  difference % 24

-difference = (difference - hours)   / 24

-days       =  difference % 7

-weeks      = (difference - days)    /  7

-

-puts "(#{weeks} weeks, #{days} days, #{hours}:#{minutes}:#{seconds})"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.6

-monthday, weekday, yearday = date.mday, date.wday, date.yday

-

-# AFAIK the week number is not just a division since week boundaries are on sundays

-weeknum = d.strftime("%U").to_i + 1

-

-year  = 1981

-month = "jun"                     # or `6' if you want to emulate a broken language

-day   = 16

-t = Time.mktime(year, month, day)

-print "#{month}/#{day}/#{year} was a ", t.strftime("%A"), "\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.7

-yyyy, mm, dd = $1, $2, $3 if "1998-06-25" =~ /(\d+)-(\d+)-(\d+)/

-

-epoch_seconds = Time.mktime(yyyy, mm, dd).tv_sec

-

-# dunno an equivalent to Date::Manip#ParseDate

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.8

-string = Time.at(epoch_secs)

-Time.at(1234567890).gmtime        # gives: Fri Feb 13 23:31:30 UTC 2009

-

-time = Time.mktime(1973, "jan", 18, 3, 45, 50)

-print "In localtime it gives: ", time.localtime, "\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.9

-# Ruby provides micro-seconds in Time object

-Time.now.usec

-

-# Ruby gives the seconds in floating format when substracting two Time objects

-before = Time.now

-line = gets

-elapsed = Time.now - before

-puts "You took #{elapsed} seconds."

-

-# On my Celeron-400 with Linux-2.2.19-14mdk, average for three execs are:

-#   This Ruby version:       average 0.00321 sec

-#   Cookbook's Perl version: average 0.00981 sec

-size = 500

-number_of_times = 100

-total_time = 0

-number_of_times.times {

-    # populate array

-    array = []

-    size.times { array << rand }

-    # sort it

-    begin_ = Time.now

-    array.sort!

-    time = Time.now - begin_

-    total_time += time

-}

-printf "On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds\n",

-    size, (total_time/Float(number_of_times))

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.10

-sleep(0.005)                      # Ruby is definitely not as broken as Perl :)

-# (may be interrupted by sending the process a SIGALRM)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.11

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# hopdelta - feed mail header, produce lines

-#            showing delay at each hop.

-require 'time'

-class MailHopDelta

-

-    def initialize(mail)

-        @head = mail.gsub(/\n\s+/,' ')

-        @topline = %w-Sender Recipient Time Delta-

-        @start_from = mail.match(/^From.*\@([^\s>]*)/)[1]

-        @date = Time.parse(mail.match(/^Date:\s+(.*)/)[1])

-    end

-

-    def out(line)

-         "%-20.20s %-20.20s %-20.20s  %s" % line

-    end

-

-    def hop_date(day)

-        day.strftime("%I:%M:%S %Y/%m/%d")

-    end

-

-    def puts_hops

-        puts out(@topline)

-        puts out(['Start', @start_from, hop_date(@date),''])

-        @head.split(/\n/).reverse.grep(/^Received:/).each do |hop|

-            hop.gsub!(/\bon (.*?) (id.*)/,'; \1')

-            whence = hop.match(/;\s+(.*)$/)[1]

-            unless whence

-                warn "Bad received line: #{hop}"

-                next

-            end

-            from = $+ if hop =~ /from\s+(\S+)|\((.*?)\)/

-            by   = $1 if hop =~ /by\s+(\S+\.\S+)/

-            next unless now = Time.parse(whence).localtime

-            delta = now - @date

-            puts out([from, by, hop_date(now), hop_time(delta)])

-            @date = now

-        end

-    end

-

-    def hop_time(secs)

-        sign = secs < 0 ? -1 : 1

-        days, secs = secs.abs.divmod(60 * 60 * 24)

-        hours,secs = secs.abs.divmod(60 * 60)

-        mins, secs = secs.abs.divmod(60)

-        rtn =  "%3ds" % [secs  * sign]

-        rtn << "%3dm" % [mins  * sign] if mins  != 0

-        rtn << "%3dh" % [hours * sign] if hours != 0

-        rtn << "%3dd" % [days  * sign] if days  != 0

-        rtn

-    end

-end

-

-$/ = ""

-mail = MailHopDelta.new(ARGF.gets).puts_hops

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.0

-single_level = [ "this", "that", "the", "other" ]

-

-# Ruby directly supports nested arrays

-double_level = [ "this", "that", [ "the", "other" ] ]

-still_single_level = [ "this", "that", [ "the", "other" ] ].flatten

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.1

-a = [ "quick", "brown", "fox" ]

-a = %w(Why are you teasing me?)

-

-lines = <<"END_OF_HERE_DOC".gsub(/^\s*(.+)/, '\1')

-    The boy stood on the burning deck,

-    It was as hot as glass.

-END_OF_HERE_DOC

-

-bigarray = IO.readlines("mydatafile").collect { |l| l.chomp }

-

-name = "Gandalf"

-banner = %Q(Speak, #{name}, and welcome!)

-

-host_info  = `host #{his_host}`

-

-%x(ps #{$$})

-

-banner = 'Costs only $4.95'.split(' ')

-

-rax = %w! ( ) < > { } [ ] !

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.2

-def commify_series(a)

-    a.size == 0 ? '' :

-        a.size == 1 ? a[0] :

-        a.size == 2 ? a.join(' and ') :

-        a[0..-2].join(', ') + ', and ' + a[-1]

-end

-

-array = [ "red", "yellow", "green" ]

-

-print "I have ", array, " marbles\n"

-# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles

-

-# But unlike Perl:

-print "I have #{array} marbles\n"

-# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles

-# So, needs:

-print "I have #{array.join(' ')} marbles\n"

-# -> I have red yellow green marbles

-

-def commify_series(a)

-    sepchar = a.select { |p| p =~ /,/ } != [] ? '; ' : ', '

-    a.size == 0 ? '' :

-        a.size == 1 ? a[0] :

-        a.size == 2 ? a.join(' and ') :

-        a[0..-2].join(sepchar) + sepchar + 'and ' + a[-1]

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.3

-#   (note: AFAIK Ruby doesn't allow gory change of Array length)

-# grow the array by assigning nil to past the end of array

-ary[new_size-1] = nil

-# shrink the array by slicing it down

-ary.slice!(new_size..-1)

-# init the array with given size

-Array.new(number_of_elems)

-# assign to an element past the original end enlarges the array

-ary[index_new_last_elem] = value

-

-def what_about_that_array(a)

-    print "The array now has ", a.size, " elements.\n"

-    # Index of last element is not really interesting in Ruby

-    print "Element #3 is `#{a[3]}'.\n"

-end

-people = %w(Crosby Stills Nash Young)

-what_about_that_array(people)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.4

-# OO style

-bad_users.each { |user|

-    complain(user)

-}

-# or, functional style

-for user in bad_users

-    complain(user)

-end

-

-for var in ENV.keys.sort

-    puts "#{var}=#{ENV[var]}"

-end

-

-for user in all_users

-    disk_space = get_usage(user)

-    if (disk_space > MAX_QUOTA)

-        complain(user)

-    end

-end

-

-for l in IO.popen("who").readlines

-    print l if l =~ /^gc/

-end

-

-# we can mimic the obfuscated Perl way

-while fh.gets               # $_ is set to the line just read

-    chomp                   # $_ has a trailing \n removed, if it had one

-    split.each { |w|        # $_ is split on whitespace

-                            # but $_ is not set to each chunk as in Perl

-        print w.reverse

-    }

-end

-# ...or use a cleaner way

-for l in fh.readlines

-    l.chomp.split.each { |w| print w.reverse }

-end

-

-# same drawback as in problem 1.4, we can't mutate a Numeric...

-array.collect! { |v| v - 1 }

-

-a = [ .5, 3 ]; b = [ 0, 1 ]

-for ary in [ a, b ]

-    ary.collect! { |v| v * 7 }

-end

-puts "#{a.join(' ')} #{b.join(' ')}"

-

-# we can mutate Strings, cool; we need a trick for the scalar

-for ary in [ [ scalar ], array, hash.values ]

-    ary.each { |v| v.strip! }     # String#strip rules :)

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.5

-# not relevant in Ruby since we have always references

-for item in array

-    # do somethingh with item

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.6

-unique = list.uniq

-

-# generate a list of users logged in, removing duplicates

-users = `who`.collect { |l| l =~ /(\w+)/; $1 }.sort.uniq

-puts("users logged in: #{commify_series(users)}")  # see 4.2 for commify_series

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.7

-a - b

-# [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  ->  [3, 5]

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.8

-union = a | b

-intersection = a & b

-difference = a - b

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.9

-array1.concat(array2)

-# if you will assign to another object, better use:

-new_ary = array1 + array2

-

-members = [ "Time", "Flies" ]

-initiates =  [ "An", "Arrow" ]

-members += initiates

-

-members = [ "Time", "Flies" ]

-initiates = [ "An", "Arrow" ]

-members[2,0] = [ "Like", initiates ].flatten

-

-members[0] = "Fruit"

-members[3,2] = "A", "Banana"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.10

-reversed = ary.reverse

-

-ary.reverse_each { |e|

-    # do something with e

-}

-

-descending = ary.sort.reverse

-descending = ary.sort { |a,b| b <=> a }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.11

-# remove n elements from front of ary (shift n)

-front = ary.slice!(0, n)

-

-# remove n elements from the end of ary (pop n)

-end_ = ary.slice!(-n .. -1)

-

-# let's extend the Array class, to make that useful

-class Array

-    def shift2()

-        slice!(0 .. 1)     # more symetric with pop2...

-    end

-    def pop2()

-        slice!(-2 .. -1)

-    end

-end

-

-friends = %w(Peter Paul Mary Jim Tim)

-this, that = friends.shift2

-

-beverages = %w(Dew Jolt Cola Sprite Fresca)

-pair = beverages.pop2

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.12

-# use Enumerable#detect (or the synonym Enumerable#find)

-highest_eng = employees.detect { |emp| emp.category == 'engineer' }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.13

-# use Enumerable#select (or the synonym Enumerable#find_all)

-bigs = nums.select { |i| i > 1_000_000 }

-pigs = users.keys.select { |k| users[k] > 1e7 }

-

-matching = `who`.select { |u| u =~ /^gnat / }

-

-engineers = employees.select { |e| e.position == 'Engineer' }

-

-secondary_assistance = applicants.select { |a|

-    a.income >= 26_000 && a.income < 30_000

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.14

-# normally you would have an array of Numeric (Float or

-# Fixnum or Bignum), so you would use:

-sorted = unsorted.sort

-# if you have strings representing Integers or Floats

-# you may specify another sort method:

-sorted = unsorted.sort { |a,b| a.to_f <=> b.to_f }

-

-# let's use the list of my own PID's

-`ps ux`.split("\n")[1..-1].

-    select { |i| i =~ /^#{ENV['USER']}/ }.

-    collect { |i| i.split[1] }.

-    sort { |a,b| a.to_i <=> b.to_i }.each { |i| puts i }

-puts "Select a process ID to kill:"

-pid = gets.chomp

-raise "Exiting ... \n" unless pid && pid =~ /^\d+$/

-Process.kill('TERM', pid.to_i)

-sleep 2

-Process.kill('KILL', pid.to_i)

-

-descending = unsorted.sort { |a,b| b.to_f <=> a.to_f }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.15

-ordered = unordered.sort { |a,b| compare(a,b) }

-

-precomputed = unordered.collect { |e| [compute, e] }

-ordered_precomputed = precomputed.sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }

-ordered = ordered_precomputed.collect { |e| e[1] }

-

-ordered = unordered.collect { |e| [compute, e] }.

-    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.

-    collect { |e| e[1] }

-

-for employee in employees.sort { |a,b| a.name <=> b.name }

-    print employee.name, " earns \$ ", employee.salary, "\n"

-end

-

-# Beware! `0' is true in Ruby.

-# For chaining comparisons, you may use Numeric#nonzero?, which

-# returns num if num is not zero, nil otherwise

-sorted = employees.sort { |a,b| (a.name <=> b.name).nonzero? || b.age <=> a.age }

-

-users = []

-# getpwent is not wrapped in Ruby... let's fallback

-IO.readlines('/etc/passwd').each { |u| users << u.split(':') }

-users.sort! { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }

-for user in users

-    puts user[0]

-end

-

-sorted = names.sort { |a,b| a[1, 1] <=> b[1, 1] }

-sorted = strings.sort { |a,b| a.length <=> b.length }

-

-# let's show only the compact version

-ordered = strings.collect { |e| [e.length, e] }.

-    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.

-    collect { |e| e[1] }

-

-ordered = strings.collect { |e| [/\d+/.match(e)[0].to_i, e] }.

-    sort { |a,b| a[0] <=> b[0] }.

-    collect { |e| e[1] }

-

-print `cat /etc/passwd`.collect { |e| [e, e.split(':').indexes(3,2,0)].flatten }.

-    sort { |a,b| (a[1] <=> b[1]).nonzero? || (a[2] <=> b[2]).nonzero? || a[3] <=> b[3] }.

-    collect { |e| e[0] }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.16

-circular.unshift(circular.pop)        # the last shall be first

-circular.push(circular.shift)         # and vice versa

-

-def grab_and_rotate(l)

-    l.push(ret = l.shift)

-    ret

-end

-

-processes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

-while (1)

-    process = grab_and_rotate(processes)

-    puts "Handling process #{process}"

-    sleep 1

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.17

-def fisher_yates_shuffle(a)

-    (a.size-1).downto(1) { |i|

-        j = rand(i+1)

-        a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] if i != j

-    }

-end

-

-def naive_shuffle(a)

-    for i in 0...a.size

-        j = rand(a.size)

-        a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.18

-#!/usr/bin/env ruby

-# example 4-2 words

-# words - gather lines, present in colums

-

-# class to encapsulate the word formatting from the input

-class WordFormatter

-    def initialize(cols)

-        @cols = cols

-    end

-

-    # helper to return the length of the longest word in the wordlist

-    def maxlen(wordlist)

-        max = 1

-        for word in wordlist

-            if word.length > max

-                max = word.length

-            end

-        end

-        max

-    end

-

-    # process the wordlist and print it formmated into columns

-    def output(wordlist)

-        collen = maxlen(wordlist) + 1

-        columns = @cols / collen

-        columns = 1 if columns == 0

-        rows = (wordlist.length + columns - 1) / columns

-        # now process each item, picking out proper piece for this position

-        0.upto(rows * columns - 1) { |item|

-            target = (item % columns) * rows + (item / columns)

-            eol = ((item+1) % columns == 0)

-            piece = wordlist[target] || ""

-            piece = piece.ljust(collen) unless eol

-            print piece

-            puts if eol

-        }

-        # no need to finish it up, because eol is always true for the last element

-    end

-end

-

-# get nr of chars that fit in window or console, see PLEAC 15.4

-# not portable -- linux only (?)

-def getWinCharWidth()

-    buf = "\0" * 8

-    $stdout.ioctl(0x5413, buf)

-    ws_row, ws_col, ws_xpixel, ws_ypixel = buf.unpack("$4")

-    ws_col || 80

-rescue

-    80

-end

-

-# main program

-cols = getWinCharWidth()

-formatter = WordFormatter.new(cols)

-words = readlines()

-words.collect! { |line|

-    line.chomp

-}

-formatter.output(words)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_4.19

-# In ruby, Fixnum's are automatically converted to Bignum's when

-# needed, so there is no need for an extra module

-def factorial(n)

-    s = 1

-    while n > 0

-        s *= n

-        n -= 1

-    end

-    s

-end

-

-puts factorial(500)

-

-#---------------------------------------------------------

-# Example 4-3. tsc-permute

-# tsc_permute: permute each word of input

-def permute(items, perms)

-    unless items.length > 0

-        puts perms.join(" ")

-    else

-        for i in items

-            newitems = items.dup

-            newperms = perms.dup

-            newperms.unshift(newitems.delete(i))

-            permute(newitems, newperms)

-        end

-    end

-end

-# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions it is using

-permute(ARGV, [])

-

-#---------------------------------------------------------

-# mjd_permute: permute each word of input

-

-def factorial(n)

-    s = 1

-    while n > 0

-        s *= n

-        n -= 1

-    end

-    s

-end

-

-# we use a class with a class variable store the private cache

-# for the results of the factorial function.

-class Factorial

-    @@fact = [ 1 ]

-    def Factorial.compute(n)

-        if @@fact[n]

-            @@fact[n]

-        else

-            @@fact[n] = n * Factorial.compute(n - 1)

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-#---------------------------------------------------------

-# Example 4-4- mjd-permute

-# n2pat(n, len): produce the N-th pattern of length len

-

-# We must use a lower case letter as parameter N, otherwise it is

-# handled as constant Length is the length of the resulting

-# array, not the index of the last element (length -1) like in

-# the perl example.

-def n2pat(n, length)

-    pat = []

-    i = 1

-    while i <= length

-        pat.push(n % i)

-        n /= i

-        i += 1

-    end

-    pat

-end

-

-# pat2perm(pat): turn pattern returned by n2pat() into

-# permutation of integers.

-def pat2perm(pat)

-    source = (0 .. pat.length - 1).to_a

-    perm = []

-    perm.push(source.slice!(pat.pop)) while pat.length > 0

-    perm

-end

-

-def n2perm(n, len)

-    pat2perm(n2pat(n,len))

-end

-

-# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions

-while gets

-    data = split

-    # the perl solution has used $#data, which is length-1

-    num_permutations = Factorial.compute(data.length())

-    0.upto(num_permutations - 1) do |i|

-        # in ruby we can not use an array as selector for an array

-        # but by exchanging the two arrays, we can use the collect method

-        # which returns an array with the result of all block invocations

-        permutation = n2perm(i, data.length).collect {

-            |j| data[j]

-        }

-        puts permutation.join(" ")

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.0

-age = { "Nat",   24,

-        "Jules", 25,

-        "Josh",  17  }

-

-age["Nat"]   = 24

-age["Jules"] = 25

-age["Josh"]  = 17

-

-food_color = {

-    "Apple"  => "red",

-    "Banana" => "yellow",

-    "Lemon"  => "yellow",

-    "Carrot" => "orange"

-             }

-

-# In Ruby, you cannot avoid the double or simple quoting

-# while manipulatin hashes

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.1

-hash[key] = value

-

-food_color["Raspberry"] = "pink"

-puts "Known foods:", food_color.keys

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.2

-# does hash have a value for key ?

-if (hash.has_key?(key))

-    # it exists

-else

-    # it doesn't

-end

-

-[ "Banana", "Martini" ].each { |name|

-    print name, " is a ", food_color.has_key?(name) ? "food" : "drink", "\n"

-}

-

-age = {}

-age['Toddler'] = 3

-age['Unborn'] = 0

-age['Phantasm'] = nil

-

-for thing in ['Toddler', 'Unborn', 'Phantasm', 'Relic']

-    print "#{thing}: "

-    print "Has-key " if age.has_key?(thing)

-    print "True " if age[thing]

-    print "Nonzero " if age[thing] && age[thing].nonzero?

-    print "\n"

-end

-

-#=>

-# Toddler: Has-key True Nonzero

-# Unborn: Has-key True

-# Phantasm: Has-key

-# Relic:

-

-# You use Hash#has_key? when you use Perl's exists -> it checks

-# for existence of a key in a hash.

-# All Numeric are "True" in ruby, so the test doesn't have the

-# same semantics as in Perl; you would use Numeric#nonzero? to

-# achieve the same semantics (false if 0, true otherwise).

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.3

-food_color.delete("Banana")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.4

-hash.each { |key, value|

-    # do something with key and value

-}

-

-hash.each_key { |key|

-    # do something with key

-}

-

-food_color.each { |food, color|

-    puts "#{food} is #{color}"

-}

-

-food_color.each_key { |food|

-    puts "#{food} is #{food_color[food]}"

-}

-

-# IMO this demonstrates that OO style is by far more readable

-food_color.keys.sort.each { |food|

-    puts "#{food} is #{food_color[food]}."

-}

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# countfrom - count number of messages from each sender

-

-# Default value is 0

-from = Hash.new(0)

-while gets

-    /^From: (.*)/ and from[$1] += 1

-end

-

-# More useful to sort by number of received mail by person

-from.sort {|a,b| b[1]<=>a[1]}.each { |v|

-    puts "#{v[1]}: #{v[0]}"

-}

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.5

-# You may use the built-in 'inspect' method this way:

-p hash

-

-# Or do it the Cookbook way:

-hash.each { |k,v| puts "#{k} => #{v}" }

-

-# Sorted by keys

-hash.sort.each { |e| puts "#{e[0]} => #{e[1]}" }

-# Sorted by values

-hash.sort{|a,b| a[1]<=>b[1]}.each { |e| puts "#{e[0]} => #{e[1]}" }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.7

-ttys = Hash.new

-for i in `who`

-    user, tty = i.split

-    (ttys[user] ||= []) << tty               # see problems_ruby for more infos

-end

-ttys.keys.sort.each { |k|

-    puts "#{k}: #{commify_series(ttys[k])}"  # from 4.2

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.8

-surname = { "Mickey" => "Mantle", "Babe" => "Ruth" }

-puts surname.index("Mantle")

-

-# If you really needed to 'invert' the whole hash, use Hash#invert

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# foodfind - find match for food or color

-

-given = ARGV.shift or raise "usage: foodfind food_or_color"

-

-color = {

-    "Apple"  => "red",

-    "Banana" => "yellow",

-    "Lemon"  => "yellow",

-    "Carrot" => "orange",

-}

-

-if (color.has_key?(given))

-    puts "#{given} is a food with color #{color[given]}."

-end

-if (color.has_value?(given))

-    puts "#{color.index(given)} is a food with color #{given}."

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.9

-# Sorted by keys (Hash#sort gives an Array of pairs made of each key,value)

-food_color.sort.each { |f|

-    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."

-}

-

-# Sorted by values

-food_color.sort { |a,b| a[1] <=> b[1] }.each { |f|

-    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."

-}

-

-# Sorted by length of values

-food_color.sort { |a,b| a[1].length <=> b[1].length }.each { |f|

-    puts "#{f[0]} is #{f[1]}."

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.10

-merged = a.clone.update(b)        # because Hash#update changes object in place

-

-drink_color = { "Galliano"  => "yellow", "Mai Tai" => "blue" }

-ingested_color = drink_color.clone.update(food_color)

-

-substance_color = {}

-for i in [ food_color, drink_color ]

-    i.each_key { |k|

-        if substance_color.has_key?(k)

-            puts "Warning: #{k} seen twice.  Using the first definition."

-            next

-        end

-        substance_color[k] = 1

-    }

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.11

-common = hash1.keys & hash2.keys

-

-this_not_that = hash1.keys - hash2.keys

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.12

-# no problem here, Ruby handles any kind of object for key-ing

-# (it takes Object#hash, which defaults to Object#id)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.13

-# AFAIK, not possible in Ruby

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.14

-# Be careful, the following is possible only because Fixnum objects are

-# special (documentation says: there is effectively only one Fixnum object

-# instance for any given integer value).

-count = Hash.new(0)

-array.each { |e|

-    count[e] += 1

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.15

-father = {

-    "Cain"      , "Adam",

-    "Abel"      , "Adam",

-    "Seth"      , "Adam",

-    "Enoch"     , "Cain",

-    "Irad"      , "Enoch",

-    "Mehujael"  , "Irad",

-    "Methusael" , "Mehujael",

-    "Lamech"    , "Methusael",

-    "Jabal"     , "Lamech",

-    "Jubal"     , "Lamech",

-    "Tubalcain" , "Lamech",

-    "Enos"      , "Seth",

-}

-

-while gets

-    chomp

-    begin

-        print $_, " "

-    end while $_ = father[$_]

-    puts

-end

-

-children = {}

-father.each { |k,v|

-    (children[v] ||= []) << k

-}

-while gets

-    chomp

-    puts "#{$_} begat #{(children[$_] || ['Nobody']).join(', ')}.\n"

-end

-

-includes = {}

-files.each { |f|

-    begin

-        for l in IO.readlines(f)

-            next unless l =~ /^\s*#\s*include\s*<([^>]+)>/

-            (includes[$1] ||= []) << f

-        end

-    rescue SystemCallError

-        $stderr.puts "#$! (skipping)"

-    end

-}

-

-include_free = includes.values.flatten.uniq - includes.keys

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.16

-# dutree - print sorted intented rendition of du output

-#% dutree

-#% dutree /usr

-#% dutree -a

-#% dutree -a /bin

-

-# The DuNode class collects all information about a directory,

-# and provides some convenience methods

-class DuNode

-

-    attr_reader :name

-    attr_accessor :size

-    attr_accessor :kids

-

-    def initialize(name)

-        @name = name

-        @kids = []

-        @size = 0

-    end

-

-    # support for sorting nodes with side

-    def size_compare(node2)

-        @size <=> node2.size

-    end

-

-    def basename

-        @name.sub(/.*\//, "")

-    end

-

-    #returns substring before last "/", nil if not there

-    def parent

-        p = @name.sub(/\/[^\/]+$/,"")

-        if p == @name

-            nil

-        else

-            p

-        end

-    end

-

-end

-

-# The DuTree does the acdtual work of

-# getting the input, parsing it, builging up a tree

-# and format it for output

-class Dutree

-

-    attr_reader :topdir

-

-    def initialize

-        @nodes = Hash.new

-        @dirsizes = Hash.new(0)

-        @kids = Hash.new([])

-    end

-

-    # get a node by name, create it if it does not exist yet

-    def get_create_node(name)

-        if @nodes.has_key?(name)

-            @nodes[name]

-        else

-            node = DuNode.new(name)

-            @nodes[name] = node

-            node

-        end

-    end

-

-    # run du, read in input, save sizes and kids

-    # stores last directory read in instance variable topdir

-    def input(arguments)

-        name = ""

-        cmd = "du " + arguments.join(" ")

-        IO.popen(cmd) { |pipe|

-            pipe.each { |line|

-                size, name = line.chomp.split(/\s+/, 2)

-                node = get_create_node(name)

-                node.size = size.to_i

-                @nodes[name] = node

-                parent = node.parent

-                if parent

-                    get_create_node(parent).kids.push(node)

-                end

-            }

-        }

-        @topdir = @nodes[name]

-    end

-

-    # figure out how much is taken in each directory

-    # that isn't stored in the subdirectories. Add a new

-    # fake kid called "." containing that much.

-    def get_dots(node)

-        cursize = node.size

-        for kid in node.kids

-            cursize -=  kid.size

-            get_dots(kid)

-        end

-        if node.size != cursize

-            newnode = get_create_node(node.name + "/.")

-            newnode.size = cursize

-            node.kids.push(newnode)

-        end

-    end

-

-    # recursively output everything

-    # passing padding and number width as well

-    # on recursive calls

-    def output(node, prefix="", width=0)

-        line = sprintf("%#{width}d %s", node.size, node.basename)

-        puts(prefix + line)

-        prefix += line.sub(/\d /, "| ")

-        prefix.gsub!(/[^|]/, " ")

-        if node.kids.length > 0     # not a bachelor node

-            kids = node.kids

-            kids.sort! { |a,b|

-                b.size_compare(a)

-            }

-            width = kids[0].size.to_s.length

-            for kid in kids

-                output(kid, prefix, width)

-            end

-        end

-    end

-

-end

-

-tree = Dutree.new

-tree.input(ARGV)

-tree.get_dots(tree.topdir)

-tree.output(tree.topdir)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.0

-# The verbose version are match, sub, gsub, sub! and gsub!;

-# pattern needs to be a Regexp object; it yields a MatchData

-# object.

-pattern.match(string)

-string.sub(pattern, replacement)

-string.gsub(pattern, replacement)

-# As usual in Ruby, sub! does the same as sub but also modifies

-# the object, the same for gsub!/gsub.

-

-# Sugared syntax yields the position of the match (or nil if no

-# match). Note that the object at the right of the operator needs

-# not to be a Regexp object (it can be a String). The "dont

-# match" operator yields true or false.

-meadow =~ /sheep/   # position of the match, nil if no match

-meadow !~ /sheep/   # true if doesn't match, false if it does

-# There is no sugared version for the substitution

-

-meadow =~ /\bovines?\b/i and print "Here be sheep!"

-

-string = "good food"

-string.sub!(/o*/, 'e')

-

-# % echo ababacaca | ruby -ne 'puts $& if /(a|ba|b)+(a|ac)+/'

-# ababa

-

-# The "global" (or "multiple") match is handled by String#scan

-scan (/(\d+)/) {

-    puts "Found number #{$1}"

-}

-

-# String#scan yields an Array if not used with a block

-numbers = scan(/\d+/)

-

-digits = "123456789"

-nonlap = digits.scan(/(\d\d\d)/)

-yeslap = digits.scan(/(?=(\d\d\d))/)

-puts "Non-overlapping:  #{nonlap.join(' ')}"

-puts "Overlapping:      #{yeslap.join(' ')}";

-# Non-overlapping:  123 456 789

-# Overlapping:      123 234 345 456 567 678 789

-

-string = "And little lambs eat ivy"

-string =~ /l[^s]*s/

-puts "(#$`) (#$&) (#$')"

-# (And ) (little lambs) ( eat ivy)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.1

-# Ruby doesn't have the same problem:

-dst = src.sub('this', 'that')

-

-progname = $0.sub('^.*/', '')

-

-bindirs = %w(/usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin)

-libdirs = bindirs.map { |l| l.sub('bin', 'lib') }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.3

-/\S+/               # as many non-whitespace bytes as possible

-/[A-Za-z'-]+/       # as many letters, apostrophes, and hyphens

-

-/\b([A-Za-z]+)\b/   # usually best

-/\s([A-Za-z]+)\s/   # fails at ends or w/ punctuation

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.4

-require 'socket'

-str = 'www.ruby-lang.org and www.rubygarden.org'

-re = /

-      (               # capture the hostname in $1

-        (?:           # these parens for grouping only

-          (?! [-_] )  # lookahead for neither underscore nor dash

-          [\w-] +     # hostname component

-          \.          # and the domain dot

-        ) +           # now repeat that whole thing a bunch of times

-        [A-Za-z]      # next must be a letter

-        [\w-] +       # now trailing domain part

-      )               # end of $1 capture

-     /x               # /x for nice formatting

-

-str.gsub! re do       # pass a block to execute replacement

-    host = TCPsocket.gethostbyname($1)

-    "#{$1} [#{host[3]}]"

-end

-

-puts str

-#-----------------------------

-# to match whitespace or #-characters in an extended re you need to escape

-# them.

-

-foo = 42

-str = 'blah #foo# blah'

-str.gsub! %r/       # replace

-              \#    #   a pound sign

-              (\w+) #   the variable name

-              \#    #   another pound sign

-          /x do

-              eval $1           # with the value of a local variable

-          end

-puts str  # => blah 42 blah

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.5

-# The 'g' modifier doesn't exist in Ruby, a regexp can't be used

-# directly in a while loop; instead, use String#scan { |match| .. }

-fish = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'

-WANT = 3

-count = 0

-fish.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i) {

-    if (count += 1) == WANT

-        puts "The third fish is a #{$1} one."

-    end

-}

-

-if fish =~ /(?:\w+\s+fish\s+){2}(\w+)\s+fish/i

-    puts "The third fish is a #{$1} one."

-end

-

-pond = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'

-# String#scan without a block gives an array of matches, each match

-# being an array of all the specified groups

-colors = pond.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten  # get all matches

-color  = colors[2]                          # then the one we want

-# or without a temporary array

-color = pond.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten[2]  # just grab element 3

-puts "The third fish in the pond is #{color}."

-

-count = 0

-fishes = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish'

-evens = fishes.scan(/(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).select { (count+=1) % 2 == 0 }

-print "Even numbered fish are #{evens.join(' ')}."

-

-count = 0

-fishes.gsub(/

-   \b               # makes next \w more efficient

-   ( \w+ )          # this is what we\'ll be changing

-   (

-     \s+ fish \b

-   )

-            /x) {

-    if (count += 1) == 4

-        'sushi' + $2

-    else

-        $1 + $2

-    end

-}

-

-pond = 'One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.'

-puts "Last fish is #{pond.scan(/\b(\w+)\s+fish\b/i).flatten[-1]}"

-

-/

-    A               # find some pattern A

-    (?!             # mustn\'t be able to find

-        .*          # something

-        A           # and A

-    )

-    $               # through the end of the string

-/x

-

-# The "s" perl modifier is "m" in Ruby (not very nice since there is

-# also an "m" in perl..)

-pond = "One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here."

-if (pond =~ /

-                    \b  (  \w+) \s+ fish \b

-                (?! .* \b fish \b )

-            /mix)

-    puts "Last fish is #{$1}."

-else

-    puts "Failed!"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.6

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# killtags - very bad html killer

-$/ = nil;                              # each read is whole file

-while file = gets() do

-    file.gsub!(/<.*?>/m,'');           # strip tags (terribly)

-    puts file                          # print file to STDOUT

-end

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-#headerfy - change certain chapter headers to html

-$/ = ''

-while file = gets() do

-    pattern = /

-                  \A                   # start of record

-                  (                    # capture in $1

-                      Chapter          # text string

-                      \s+              # mandatory whitespace

-                      \d+              # decimal number

-                      \s*              # optional whitespace

-                      :                # a real colon

-                      . *              # anything not a newline till end of line

-                  )

-               /x

-    puts file.gsub(pattern,'<H1>\1</H1>')

-end

-#-----------------------------

-#% ruby -00pe "gsub!(/\A(Chapter\s+\d+\s*:.*)/,'<H1>\1</H1>')" datafile

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-#-----------------------------

-for file in ARGV

-    file = File.open(ARGV.shift)

-    while file.gets('') do             # each read is a paragraph

-        print "chunk #{$.} in $ARGV has <<#{$1}>>\n" while /^START(.*?)^END/m

-    end                                # /m activates the multiline mode

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.7

-#-----------------------------

-$/ = nil;

-file = File.open("datafile")

-chunks = file.gets.split(/pattern/)

-#-----------------------------

-# .Ch, .Se and .Ss divide chunks of STDIN

-chunks = gets(nil).split(/^\.(Ch|Se|Ss)$/)

-print "I read #{chunks.size} chunks.\n"

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.8

-while gets

-    if ~/BEGIN/ .. ~/END/

-        # line falls between BEGIN and END inclusive

-    end

-end

-

-while gets

-    if ($. == firstnum) .. ($. == lastnum)

-        # operate between firstnum and lastnum line number

-    end

-end

-

-# in ruby versions prior to 1.8, the above two conditional

-# expressions could be shortened to:

-#     if /BEGIN/ .. /END/

-# and

-#     if firstnum .. lastnum

-# but these now only work this way from the command line

-

-#-----------------------------

-

-while gets

-    if ~/BEGIN/ ... ~/END/

-        # line falls between BEGIN and END on different lines

-    end

-end

-

-while gets

-    if ($. == first) ... ($. == last)

-        # operate between first and last line number on different lines

-    end

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-# command-line to print lines 15 through 17 inclusive (see below)

-ruby -ne 'print if 15 .. 17' datafile

-

-# print out all <XMP> .. </XMP> displays from HTML doc

-while gets

-    print if ~%r#<XMP>#i .. ~%r#</XMP>#i;

-end

-

-# same, but as shell command

-# ruby -ne 'print if %r#<XMP>#i .. %r#</XMP>#i' document.html

-#-----------------------------

-# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \

-#     print if $top .. $bottom' /etc/passwd                 #  FAILS

-# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \

-#     print if $. == $top .. $. ==  $bottom' /etc/passwd    # works

-# ruby -ne 'print if 3 .. 5' /etc/passwd                    # also works

-#-----------------------------

-print if ~/begin/ .. ~/end/;

-print if ~/begin/ ... ~/end/;

-#-----------------------------

-while gets

-    $in_header = $. == 1  .. ~/^$/ ? true : false

-    $in_body   = ~/^$/ .. ARGF.eof ? true : false

-end

-#-----------------------------

-seen = {}

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    next unless line =~ /^From:?\s/i .. line =~ /^$/;

-    line.scan(%r/([^<>(),;\s]+\@[^<>(),;\s]+)/).each do |addr|

-        puts addr unless seen[addr]

-        seen[addr] ||= 1

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.9

-def glob2pat(globstr)

-    patmap = {

-        '*' => '.*',

-        '?' => '.',

-        '[' => '[',

-        ']' => ']',

-    }

-    globstr.gsub!(/(.)/) { |c| patmap[c] || Regexp::escape(c) }

-    '^' + globstr + '$'

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.10

-# avoid interpolating patterns like this if the pattern

-# isn't going to change:

-pattern = ARGV.shift

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    print line if line =~ /#{pattern}/

-end

-

-# the above creates a new regex each iteration. Instead,

-# use the /o modifier so the regex is compiled only once

-

-pattern = ARGV.shift

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    print line if line =~ /#{pattern}/o

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# popgrep1 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"

-# version 1: slow but obvious way

-popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    popstates.each do |state|

-        if line =~ /\b#{state}\b/

-            print line

-            last

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# popgrep2 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"

-# version 2: eval strings; fast but hard to quote

-popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)

-code = "ARGF.each do |line|\n"

-popstates.each do |state|

-    code += "\tif line =~ /\\b#{state}\\b/; print(line); next; end\n"

-end

-code += "end\n"

-print "CODE IS\n---\n#{code}\n---\n" if false # turn on for debugging

-eval code

-

-# CODE IS

-# ---

-# ARGF.each do |line|

-#         if line =~ /\bCO\b/; print(line); next; end

-#         if line =~ /\bON\b/; print(line); next; end

-#         if line =~ /\bMI\b/; print(line); next; end

-#         if line =~ /\bWI\b/; print(line); next; end

-#         if line =~ /\bMN\b/; print(line); next; end

-# end

-#

-# ---

-

-## alternatively, the same idea as above but compiling

-## to a case statement: (not in perlcookbook)

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# popgrep2.5 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"

-# version 2.5: eval strings; fast but hard to quote

-popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)

-code = "ARGF.each do |line|\n    case line\n"

-popstates.each do |state|

-    code += "        when /\\b#{state}\\b/ : print line\n"

-end

-code += "    end\nend\n"

-print "CODE IS\n---\n#{code}\n---\n" if false # turn on for debugging

-eval code

-

-# CODE IS

-# ---

-# ARGF.each do |line|

-#     case line

-#         when /\bCO\b/ : print line

-#         when /\bON\b/ : print line

-#         when /\bMI\b/ : print line

-#         when /\bWI\b/ : print line

-#         when /\bMN\b/ : print line

-#     end

-# end

-#

-# ---

-

-# Note: (above) Ruby 1.8+ allows the 'when EXP : EXPR' on one line

-# with the colon separator.

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# popgrep3 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"

-# version3: build a match_any function

-popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)

-expr = popstates.map{|e|"line =~ /\\b#{e}\\b/"}.join('||')

-eval "def match_any(line); #{expr};end"

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    print line if match_any(line)

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-##  building a match_all function is a trivial

-##  substitution of && for ||

-##  here is a generalized example:

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-## grepauth - print lines that mention both foo and bar

-class MultiMatch

-    def initialize(*patterns)

-        _any = build_match('||',patterns)

-        _all = build_match('&&',patterns)

-        eval "def match_any(line);#{_any};end\n"

-        eval "def match_all(line);#{_all};end\n"

-      end

-    def build_match(sym,args)

-        args.map{|e|"line =~ /#{e}/"}.join(sym)

-    end

-end

-

-mm = MultiMatch.new('foo','bar')

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    print line if mm.match_all(line)

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# popgrep4 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop"

-# version4: pretty fast, but simple: compile all re's first:

-popstates = %w(CO ON MI WI MN)

-popstates = popstates.map{|re| %r/\b#{re}\b/}

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    popstates.each do |state_re|

-        if line =~ state_re

-            print line

-            break

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-## speeds trials on the jargon file(412): 26006 lines, 1.3MB

-## popgrep1   => 7.040s

-## popgrep2   => 0.656s

-## popgrep2.5 => 0.633s

-## popgrep3   => 0.675s

-## popgrep4   => 1.027s

-

-# unless speed is criticial, the technique in popgrep4 is a

-# reasonable balance between speed and logical simplicity.

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.11

-begin

-    print "Pattern? "

-    pat = $stdin.gets.chomp

-    Regexp.new(pat)

-rescue

-    warn "Invalid Pattern"

-    retry

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.13

-# uses the 'amatch' extension found on:

-# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/amatch/

-require 'amatch'

-matcher = Amatch.new('balast')

-#$relative, $distance = 0, 1

-File.open('/usr/share/dict/words').each_line do |line|

-    print line if matcher.search(line) <= 1

-end

-__END__

-#CODE

-ballast

-ballasts

-balustrade

-balustrades

-blast

-blasted

-blaster

-blasters

-blasting

-blasts

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.14

-str.scan(/\G(\d)/).each do |token|

-    puts "found #{token}"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-n = "   49 here"

-n.gsub!(/\G /,'0')

-puts n

-#-----------------------------

-str = "3,4,5,9,120"

-str.scan(/\G,?(\d+)/).each do |num|

-    puts "Found number: #{num}"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-# Ruby doesn't have the String.pos or a /c re modifier like Perl

-# But it does have StringScanner in the standard library (strscn)

-# which allows similar functionality:

-

-require 'strscan'

-text = 'the year 1752 lost 10 days on the 3rd of September'

-sc = StringScanner.new(text)

-while sc.scan(/.*?(\d+)/)

-    print "found: #{sc[1]}\n"

-end

-if sc.scan(/\S+/)

-    puts "Found #{sc[0]} after last number"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-# assuming continuing from above:

-puts "The position in 'text' is: #{sc.pos}"

-sc.pos = 30

-puts "The position in 'text' is: #{sc.pos}"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.15

-#-----------------------------

-# greedy pattern

-str.gsub!(/<.*>/m,'')   # not good

-

-# non-greedy (minimal) pattern

-str.gsub!(/<.*?>/m,'')   # not great

-

-

-#-----------------------------

-#<b><i>this</i> and <i>that</i> are important</b> Oh, <b><i>me too!</i></b>

-#-----------------------------

-%r{ <b><i>(.*?)</i></b> }mx

-#-----------------------------

-%r/BEGIN((?:(?!BEGIN).)*)END/

-#-----------------------------

-%r{ <b><i>(  (?: (?!</b>|</i>). )*  ) </i></b> }mx

-#-----------------------------

-%r{ <b><i>(  (?: (?!</[ib]>). )*  ) </i></b> }mx

-#-----------------------------

-%r{

-    <b><i>

-    [^<]*  # stuff not possibly bad, and not possibly the end.

-    (?:

- # at this point, we can have '<' if not part of something bad

-     (?!  </?[ib]>  )   # what we can't have

-     <                  # okay, so match the '<'

-     [^<]*              # and continue with more safe stuff

-    ) *

-    </i></b>

- }mx

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.16

-#-----------------------------

-$/ = ""

-ARGF.each do |para|

-    para.scan %r/

-                  \b     # start at word boundary

-                  (\S+)  # find chunk of non-whitespace

-                  \b     # until a word boundary

-                  (

-                    \s+  # followed by whitespace

-                    \1   # and that same chunk again

-                    \b   # and a word boundary

-                  ) +    # one or more times

-                /xi do

-        puts "dup word '#{$1}' at paragraph #{$.}"

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-astr = 'nobody'

-bstr = 'bodysnatcher'

-if "#{astr} #{bstr}" =~ /^(\w+)(\w+) \2(\w+)$/

-    print "#{$2} overlaps in #{$1}-#{$2}-#{$3}"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# prime_pattern -- find prime factors of argument using patterns

-ARGV << 180

-cap = 'o' * ARGV.shift

-while cap =~ /^(oo+?)\1+$/

-    print $1.size, " "

-    cap.gsub!(/#{$1}/,'o')

-end

-puts cap.size

-#-----------------------------

-#diophantine

-# solve for 12x + 15y + 16z = 281, maximizing x

-if ('o' * 281).match(/^(o*)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)

-    x, y, z = $1.size, $2.size, $3.size

-    puts "One solution is: x=#{x}; y=#{y}; z=#{z}"

-else

-    puts "No solution."

-end

-#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2

-

-#-----------------------------

-# using different quantifiers:

-('o' * 281).match(/^(o+)\1{11}(o+)\2{14}(o+)\3{15}$/)

-#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2

-

-('o' * 281).match(/^(o*?)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)

-#    => One solution is: x=0; y=7; z=11

-

-('o' * 281).match(/^(o+?)\1{11}(o*)\2{14}(o*)\3{15}$/)

-#    => One solution is: x=1; y=3; z=14

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.17

-# alpha OR beta

-%r/alpha|beta/

-

-# alpha AND beta

-%r/(?=.*alpha)(?=.*beta)/m

-

-# alpha AND beta,  no overlap

-%r/alpha.*beta|beta.*alpha/m

-

-# NOT beta

-%r/^(?:(?!beta).)*$/m

-

-# NOT bad BUT good

-%r/(?=(?:(?!BAD).)*$)GOOD/m

-#-----------------------------

-

-if !(string =~ /pattern/)   # ugly

-    something()

-end

-

-if string !~ /pattern/   # preferred

-    something()

-end

-

-

-#-----------------------------

-if string =~ /pat1/  && string =~ /pat2/

-    something()

-end

-#-----------------------------

-if string =~ /pat1/ || string =~ /pat2/

-    something()

-end

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# minigrep - trivial grep

-pat = ARGV.shift

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    print line if line =~ /#{pat}/o

-end

-#-----------------------------

- "labelled" =~ /^(?=.*bell)(?=.*lab)/m

-#-----------------------------

-$string =~ /bell/ && $string =~ /lab/

-#-----------------------------

-$murray_hill = "blah bell blah "

-if $murray_hill =~ %r{

-                         ^              # start of string

-                        (?=             # zero-width lookahead

-                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

-                            bell        # the desired bell string

-                        )               # rewind, since we were only looking

-                        (?=             # and do the same thing

-                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

-                            lab         # and the lab part

-                        )

-                     }mx                # /m means . can match newline

-

-    print "Looks like Bell Labs might be in Murray Hill!\n";

-end

-#-----------------------------

-"labelled" =~ /(?:^.*bell.*lab)|(?:^.*lab.*bell)/

-#-----------------------------

-$brand = "labelled";

-if $brand =~ %r{

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

-                      bell          # look for a bell

-                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

-                      lab           # look for a lab

-                  )                 # end grouper

-            |                       # otherwise, try the other direction

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

-                      lab           # look for a lab

-                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

-                      bell          # followed by a bell

-                  )                 # end grouper

-            }mx                     # /m means . can match newline

-    print "Our brand has bell and lab separate.\n";

-end

-#-----------------------------

-$map =~ /^(?:(?!waldo).)*$/s

-#-----------------------------

-$map = "the great baldo"

-if $map =~ %r{

-                ^                   # start of string

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    (?!             # look ahead negation

-                        waldo       # is he ahead of us now?

-                    )               # is so, the negation failed

-                    .               # any character (cuzza /s)

-                ) *                 # repeat that grouping 0 or more

-                $                   # through the end of the string

-             }mx                    # /m means . can match newline

-    print "There's no waldo here!\n";

-end

-=begin

- 7:15am  up 206 days, 13:30,  4 users,  load average: 1.04, 1.07, 1.04

-

-USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE   JCPU   PCPU  WHAT

-

-tchrist  tty1                       5:16pm 36days 24:43   0.03s  xinit

-

-tchrist  tty2                       5:19pm  6days  0.43s  0.43s  -tcsh

-

-tchrist  ttyp0    chthon            7:58am  3days 23.44s  0.44s  -tcsh

-

-gnat     ttyS4    coprolith         2:01pm 13:36m  0.30s  0.30s  -tcsh

-=end

-#% w | minigrep '^(?!.*ttyp).*tchrist'

-#-----------------------------

-%r{

-    ^                       # anchored to the start

-    (?!                     # zero-width look-ahead assertion

-        .*                  # any amount of anything (faster than .*?)

-        ttyp                # the string you don't want to find

-    )                       # end look-ahead negation; rewind to start

-    .*                      # any amount of anything (faster than .*?)

-    tchrist                 # now try to find Tom

-}x

-#-----------------------------

-#% w | grep tchrist | grep -v ttyp

-#-----------------------------

-#% grep -i 'pattern' files

-#% minigrep '(?i)pattern' files

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.20

-ans = $stdin.gets.chomp

-re = %r/^#{Regexp.quote(ans)}/

-case

-    when "SEND"  =~ re : puts "Action is send"

-    when "STOP"  =~ re : puts "Action is stop"

-    when "ABORT" =~ re : puts "Action is abort"

-    when "EDIT"  =~ re : puts "Action is edit"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-require 'abbrev'

-table = Abbrev.abbrev %w-send stop abort edit-

-loop do

-    print "Action: "

-    ans = $stdin.gets.chomp

-    puts "Action for #{ans} is #{table[ans.downcase]}"

-end

-

-

-#-----------------------------

-# dummy values are defined for 'file', 'PAGER', and

-# the 'invoke_editor' and 'deliver_message' methods

-# do not do anything interesting in this example.

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-require 'abbrev'

-

-file = 'pleac_ruby.data'

-PAGER = 'less'

-

-def invoke_editor

-    puts "invoking editor"

-end

-

-def deliver_message

-    puts "delivering message"

-end

-

-actions = {

-    'edit'  => self.method(:invoke_editor),

-    'send'  => self.method(:deliver_message),

-    'list'  => proc {system(PAGER, file)},

-    'abort' => proc {puts "See ya!"; exit},

-    ""      => proc {puts "Unknown Command"}

-}

-

-dtable = Abbrev.abbrev(actions.keys)

-loop do

-    print "Action: "

-    ans = $stdin.gets.chomp.delete(" \t")

-    actions[ dtable[ans.downcase] || "" ].call

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.19

-#-----------------------------

-# basically, the Perl Cookbook categorizes this as an

-# unsolvable problem ...

-#-----------------------------

-1 while addr.gsub!(/\([^()]*\)/,'')

-#-----------------------------

-Dear someuser@host.com,

-

-Please confirm the mail address you gave us Wed May  6 09:38:41

-MDT 1998 by replying to this message.  Include the string

-"Rumpelstiltskin" in that reply, but spelled in reverse; that is,

-start with "Nik...".  Once this is done, your confirmed address will

-be entered into our records.

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.21

-#-----------------------------

-#% gunzip -c ~/mail/archive.gz | urlify > archive.urlified

-#-----------------------------

-#% urlify ~/mail/*.inbox > ~/allmail.urlified

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# urlify - wrap HTML links around URL-like constructs

-

-urls = '(https?|telnet|gopher|file|wais|ftp)';

-ltrs = '\w';

-gunk = '/#~:.?+=&%@!\-';

-punc = '.:?\-';

-any  = "#{ltrs}#{gunk}#{punc}";

-

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    line.gsub! %r/

-        \b                    # start at word boundary

-        (                     # begin $1  {

-         #{urls}     :        # need resource and a colon

-         [#{any}] +?          # followed by on or more

-                              #  of any valid character, but

-                              #  be conservative and take only

-                              #  what you need to....

-        )                     # end   $1  }

-        (?=                   # look-ahead non-consumptive assertion

-         [#{punc}]*           # either 0 or more punctuation

-         [^#{any}]            #   followed by a non-url char

-         |                    # or else

-         $                    #   then end of the string

-        )

-    /iox do

-        %Q|<A HREF="#{$1}">#{$1}</A>|

-    end

-    print line

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_6.23

-%r/^m*(d?c{0,3}|c[dm])(l?x{0,3}|x[lc])(v?i{0,3}|i[vx])$/i

-#-----------------------------

-str.sub!(/(\S+)(\s+)(\S+)/, '\3\2\1')

-#-----------------------------

-%r/(\w+)\s*=\s*(.*)\s*$/             # keyword is $1, value is $2

-#-----------------------------

-%r/.{80,}/

-#-----------------------------

-%r|(\d+)/(\d+)/(\d+) (\d+):(\d+):(\d+)|

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(%r|/usr/bin|,'/usr/local/bin')

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/){ $1.hex.chr }

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(%r{

-    /\*                    # Match the opening delimiter

-    .*?                    # Match a minimal number of characters

-    \*/                    # Match the closing delimiter

-}xm,'')

-#-----------------------------

-str.sub!(/^\s+/, '')

-str.sub!(/\s+$/, '')

-

-# but really, in Ruby we'd just do:

-str.strip!

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(/\\n/,"\n")

-#-----------------------------

-str.sub!(/^.*::/, '')

-#-----------------------------

-%r/^([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.

-    ([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$/x

-#-----------------------------

-str.sub!(%r|^.*/|, '')

-#-----------------------------

-cols = ( (ENV['TERMCAP'] || " ") =~ /:co#(\d+):/ ) ? $1 : 80;

-#-----------------------------

-name = " #{$0} #{ARGV}".gsub(%r| /\S+/|, ' ')

-#-----------------------------

-require 'rbconfig'

-include Config

-raise "This isn't Linux" unless CONFIG['target_os'] =~ /linux/i;

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(%r/\n\s+/, ' ')

-#-----------------------------

-nums = str.scan(/(\d+\.?\d*|\.\d+)/)

-#-----------------------------

-capwords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\Wa-z0-9_]+\b)/)

-#-----------------------------

-lowords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\WA-Z0-9_]+\b)/)

-#-----------------------------

-icwords = str.scan(%r/(\b[^\Wa-z0-9_][^\WA-Z0-9_]*\b)/)

-#-----------------------------

-links = str.scan(%r/<A[^>]+?HREF\s*=\s*["']?([^'" >]+?)[ '"]?>/mi)

-#-----------------------------

-initial = str =~ /^\S+\s+(\S)\S*\s+\S/ ? $1 : ""

-#-----------------------------

-str.gsub!(%r/"([^"]*)"/, %q-``\1''-)

-#-----------------------------

-

-$/ = ""

-sentences = []

-ARGF.each do |para|

-    para.gsub!(/\n/, ' ')

-    para.gsub!(/ {3,}/,'  ')

-    sentences << para.scan(/(\S.*?[!?.])(?=  |\Z)/)

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-%r/(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)/            # YYYY in $1, MM in $2, DD in $3

-#-----------------------------

-%r/ ^

-      (?:

-       1 \s (?: \d\d\d \s)?            # 1, or 1 and area code

-       |                               # ... or ...

-       \(\d\d\d\) \s                   # area code with parens

-       |                               # ... or ...

-       (?: \+\d\d?\d? \s)?             # optional +country code

-       \d\d\d ([\s\-])                 # and area code

-      )

-      \d\d\d (\s|\1)                   # prefix (and area code separator)

-      \d\d\d\d                         # exchange

-        $

- /x

-#-----------------------------

-%r/\boh\s+my\s+gh?o(d(dess(es)?|s?)|odness|sh)\b/i

-#-----------------------------

-lines = []

-lines << $1 while input.sub!(/^([^\012\015]*)(\012\015?|\015\012?)/,'')

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.0

-# An IO object being Enumerable, we can use 'each' directly on it

-File.open("/usr/local/widgets/data").each { |line|

-    puts line if line =~ /blue/

-}

-

-logfile = File.new("/var/log/rubylog.txt", "w")

-mysub($stdin, logfile)

-

-# The method IO#readline is similar  to IO#gets

-# but throws an exception when it reaches EOF

-f = File.new("bla.txt")

-begin

-    while (line = f.readline)

-        line.chomp

-        $stdout.print line if line =~ /blue/

-    end

-rescue EOFError

-    f.close

-end

-

-while $stdin.gets                        # reads from STDIN

-    unless (/\d/)

-        $stderr.puts "No digit found."   # writes to STDERR

-    end

-    puts "Read: #{$_}"                   # writes to STDOUT

-end

-

-logfile = File.new("/tmp/log", "w")

-

-logfile.close

-

-# $defout (or its synonym '$>') is the destination of output

-# for Kernel#print, Kernel#puts, and family functions

-logfile = File.new("log.txt", "w")

-old = $defout

-$defout = logfile                 # switch to logfile for output

-puts "Countdown initiated ..."

-$defout = old                     # return to original output

-puts "You have 30 seconds to reach minimum safety distance."

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.1

-source = File.new(path, "r")  # open file "path" for reading only

-sink   = File.new(path, "w")  # open file "path" for writing only

-

-source = File.open(path, File::RDONLY)  # open file "path" for reading only

-sink   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY)  # open file "path" for writing only

-

-file   = File.open(path, "r+")  # open "path" for reading and writing

-file   = File.open(path, flags) # open "path" with the flags "flags" (see examples below for flags)

-

-# open file "path" read only

-file   = File.open(path, "r")

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDONLY)

-

-# open file "path" write only, create it if it does not exist

-# truncate it to zero length if it exists

-file   = File.open(path, "w")

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::TRUNC|File::CREAT)

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::TRUNC|File::CREAT, 0666)  # with permission 0666

-

-# open file "path" write only, fails if file exists

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT)

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0666)

-

-# open file "path" for appending

-file   = File.open(path, "a")

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND|File::CREAT)

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND|File::CREAT, 0666)

-

-# open file "path" for appending only when file exists

-file   = File.open(path, File::WRONLY|File::APPEND)

-

-# open file "path" for reading and writing

-file   = File.open(path, "r+")

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR)

-

-# open file for reading and writing, create a new file if it does not exist

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::CREAT)

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::CREAT, 0600)

-

-# open file "path" reading and writing, fails if file exists

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::EXCL|File::CREAT)

-file   = File.open(path, File::RDWR|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0600)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.2

-# No problem with Ruby since the filename doesn't contain characters with

-# special meaning; like Perl's sysopen

-File.open(filename, 'r')

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.3

-File.expand_path('~root/tmp')

-#=> "/root/tmp"

-File.expand_path('~rpcuser')

-#=> "/var/lib/nfs"

-

-# To expand ~/.. it explicitely needs the environment variable HOME

-File.expand_path('~/tmp')

-#=> "/home/gc/tmp"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.4

-# The exception raised in Ruby reports the filename

-File.open('afile')

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.5

-# Standard Ruby distribution provides the following useful extension

-require 'tempfile'

-# With the Tempfile class, the file is automatically deleted on garbage

-# collection, so you won't need to remove it, later on.

-tf = Tempfile.new('tmp')   # a name is required to create the filename

-

-# If you need to pass the filename to an external program you can use

-# File#path, but don't forget to File#flush in order to flush anything

-# living in some buffer somewhere.

-tf.flush

-system("/usr/bin/dowhatever #{tf.path}")

-

-fh = Tempfile.new('tmp')

-fh.sync = true                # autoflushes

-10.times { |i| fh.puts i }

-fh.rewind

-puts 'Tmp file has: ', fh.readlines

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.6

-while (DATA.gets) do

-    # process the line

-end

-__END__

-# your data goes here

-# __DATA__ doesn't exist in Ruby

-

-#CODE

-# get info about the script (size, date of last modification)

-kilosize = DATA.stat.size / 1024

-last_modif = DATA.stat.mtime

-puts "<P>Script size is #{kilosize}"

-puts "<P>Last script update: #{last_modif}"

-__END__

-# DO NOT REMOVE THE PRECEEDING LINE.

-# Everything else in this file will be ignored.

-#CODE

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.7

-while line = gets do

-    # do something with line.

-end

-

-#  or

-while gets do

-    # do something with $_

-end

-

-# or more rubyish

-$stdun.each do |line|

-    # do stuff with line

-end

-

-

-# ARGF may makes this more easy

-# this is skipped if ARGV.size==0

-ARGV.each do |filename|

-    # closing and exception handling are done by the block

-    open(filename) do |fd|

-        fd.each do |line|

-            # do stuff with line

-        end

-    end rescue abort("can't open %s" % filename)

-end

-

-# globbing is done in the Dir module

-ARGV = Dir["*.[Cch]"] if ARGV.empty?

-

-# note: optparse is the preferred way to handle this

-if (ARGV[0] == '-c')

-    chop_first += 1

-    ARGV.shift

-end

-

-

-# processing numerical options

-if ARGV[0] =~ /^-(\d+)$/

-    columns = $1

-    ARGV.shift

-end

-

-# again, better to use optparse:

-require 'optparse'

-nostdout = 0

-append = 0

-unbuffer = 0

-ignore_ints = 0

-ARGV.options do |opt|

-    opt.on('-n') { nostdout +=1 }

-    opt.on('-a') { append   +=1 }

-    opt.on('-u') { unbuffer +=1 }

-    opt.on('-i') { ignore_ints +=1 }

-    opt.parse!

-end or abort("usage: " + __FILE__ + " [-ainu] [filenames]")

-

-# no need to do undef $/, we have File.read

-str = File.read(ARGV[0])

-

-# again we have File.read

-str = File.read(ARGV[0])

-

-# not sure what this should do:

-# I believe open the file, print filename, lineno and line:

-ARGF.each_with_index do |line, idx|

-    print ARGF.filename, ":", idx, ";", line

-end

-

-# print all the lines in every file passed via command line that contains login

-ARGF.each do |line|

-    puts line if line =~ /login/

-end

-#

-# even this would fit

-#%ruby -ne "print if /f/" 2.log

-#

-

-ARGF.each { |l| puts l.downcase! }

-

-#------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -p

-# just like perl's -p

-$_.downcase!

-#

-

-# I don't know who should I trust.

-# perl's version splits on \w+ while python's on \w.

-

-chunks = 0

-

-File.read(ARGV[0]).split.each do |word|

-    next if word =~ /^#/

-    break if ["__DATA__", "__END__"].member? word

-    chunks += 1

-end

-

-print "Found ", chunks, " chunks\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.8

-old = File.open(old_file)

-new = File.open(new_file, "w")

-while old.gets do

-    # change $_, then...

-    new.print $_

-end

-old.close

-new.close

-File.rename(old_file, "old.orig")

-File.rename(new_file, old_file)

-

-while old.gets do

-    if $. == 20 then # we are at the 20th line

-        new.puts "Extra line 1"

-        new.puts "Extra line 2"

-    end

-    new.print $_

-end

-

-while old.gets do

-    next if 20..30 # skip the 20th line to the 30th

-                   # Ruby (and Perl) permit to write if 20..30

-                   # instead of if (20 <= $.) and ($. <= 30)

-    new.print $_

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.9

-#% ruby -i.orig -pe 'FILTER COMMAND' file1 file2 file3 ...

-#

-#-----------------------------

-##!/usr/bin/ruby -i.orig -p

-# filter commands go here

-#-----------------------------

-

-#% ruby -pi.orig -e 'gsub!(/DATE/){Time.now)'

-

-# effectively becomes:

-ARGV << 'I'

-oldfile = ""

-while gets

-    if ARGF.filename != oldfile

-        newfile = ARGF.filename

-        File.rename(newfile, newfile + ".orig")

-        $stdout = File.open(newfile,'w')

-        oldfile = newfile

-    end

-    gsub!(/DATE/){Time.now}

-    print

-end

-$stdout = STDOUT

-#-----------------------------

-#% ruby -i.old -pe 'gsub!(%r{\bhisvar\b}, 'hervar')' *.[Cchy]

-

-#-----------------------------

-# set up to iterate over the *.c files in the current directory,

-# editing in place and saving the old file with a .orig extension

-$-i = '.orig'                       # set up -i mode

-ARGV.replace(Dir['*.[Cchy]'])

-while gets

-    if $. == 1

-        print "This line should appear at the top of each file\n"

-    end

-    gsub!(/\b(p)earl\b/i, '\1erl')    # Correct typos, preserving case

-    print

-    ARGF.close if ARGF.eof

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.10

-File.open('itest', 'r+') do |f|   # open file for update

-    lines = f.readlines           # read into array of lines

-    lines.each do |it|            # modify lines

-        it.gsub!(/foo/, 'QQQ')

-    end

-    f.pos = 0                     # back to start

-    f.print lines                 # write out modified lines

-    f.truncate(f.pos)             # truncate to new length

-end                               # file is automatically closed

-#-----------------------------

-File.open('itest', 'r+') do |f|

-    out = ""

-    f.each do |line|

-        out << line.gsub(/DATE/) {Time.now}

-    end

-    f.pos = 0

-    f.print out

-    f.truncate(f.pos)

-end

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.11

-File.open('infile', 'r+') do |f|

-    f.flock File::LOCK_EX

-    # update file

-end

-#-----------------------------

-File::LOCK_SH     # shared lock (for reading)

-File::LOCK_EX     # exclusive lock (for writing)

-File::LOCK_NB     # non-blocking request

-File::LOCK_UN     # free lock

-#-----------------------------

-unless f.flock File::LOCK_EX | File::LOCK_NB

-    warn "can't get immediate lock: blocking ..."

-    f.flock File::LOCK_EX

-end

-#-----------------------------

-File.open('numfile', File::RDWR|File::CREAT) do |f|

-    f.flock(File::LOCK_EX)

-    num = f.gets.to_i || 0

-    f.pos = 0

-    f.truncate 0

-    f.puts num + 1q

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.12

-output_handle.sync = true

-# Please note that like in Perl, $stderr is already unbuffered

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# seeme - demo stdio output buffering

-$stdout.sync = ARGV.size > 0

-print "Now you don't see it..."

-sleep 2

-puts "now you do"

-#-----------------------------

-$stderr.sync = true

-afile.sync = false

-#-----------------------------

-# assume 'remote_con' is an interactive socket handle,

-# but 'disk_file' is a handle to a regular file.

-remote_con.sync = true       # unbuffer for clarity

-disk_file.sync = false       # buffered for speed

-#-----------------------------

-require 'socket'

-sock = TCPSocket.new('www.ruby-lang.org', 80)

-sock.sync = true

-sock.puts "GET /en/ HTTP/1.0 \n\n"

-resp = sock.read

-print "DOC IS: #{resp}\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_7.13

-#-----------------------------

-# assumes fh1, fh2, fh2 are oen IO objects

-nfound = select([$stdin, fh1, fh2, fh3], nil, nil, 0)

-nfound[0].each do |file|

-    case file

-        when fh1

-            # do something with fh1

-        when fh2

-            # do something with fh2

-        when fh3

-            # do something with fh3

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-input_files = []

-# repeat next line for all in-files to poll

-input_files << fh1

-if nfound = select(input_files, nil, nil, 0)

-    # input ready on files in nfound[0]

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.0

-#-----------------------------

-# datafile is a file or IO object

-datafile.readlines.each { |line|

-    line.chomp!

-    size = line.length

-    puts size

-}

-#-----------------------------

-datafile.readlines.each { |line|

-    puts line.chomp!.length

-}

-#-----------------------------

-lines = datafile.readlines

-#-----------------------------

-whole_file = file.read

-#-----------------------------

-# ruby -040 -e 'word = gets; puts "First word is #{word}"'

-#-----------------------------

-# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $/="%%\n" }; $_.chomp; puts $_ if( $_=~/Unix/i)' fortune.dat

-#-----------------------------

-handle.print "one", "two", "three" # "onetwothree"

-puts "Baa baa black sheep."        # sent to $stdout

-#-----------------------------

-buffer = handle.read(4096)

-rv     = buffer.length

-#-----------------------------

-handle.truncate(length)

-open("/tmp#{$$}.pid", 'w') { |handle| handle.truncate(length) }

-#-----------------------------

-pos = datafile.pos  # tell is an alias of pos

-puts "I'm #{pos} bytes from the start of datafile"

-#-----------------------------

-logfile.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END)

-datafile.seek(pos)  #  IO::SEEK_SET is the default

-out.seek(-20, IO::SEEK_CUR)

-#-----------------------------

-written = datafile.syswrite(mystring)

-raise RunTimeError unless written == mystring.length

-block = infile.sysread(256)   # no equivalent to perl offset parameter in sysread

-puts "only read #{block.length} bytes" if 256 != block.length

-#-----------------------------

-pos = handle.sysseek(0, IO::SEEK_CUR)  # don't change position

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.1

-while (line = fh.gets)

-    line.chomp!

-    nextline = nil

-    line.gsub!(/\\$/) { |match| nextline = fh.gets; '' }

-    if (nextline != nil)

-        line += nextline

-        redo

-    end

-    # process full record in line here

-end

-#-----------------------------

-# DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) \

-#         $(TEXINFOS) $(INFOS) $(MANS) $(DATA)

-# DEP_DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(SOURCES) $(HEADERS) \

-#         $(TEXINFOS) $(INFO_DEPS) $(MANS) $(DATA) \

-#         $(EXTRA_DIST)

-#-----------------------------

-line.gsub!(/\\\s*$/, '') {

-    # as before

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.2

-#-----------------------------

-count = `wc -l < #{filename}`

-fail "wc failed: #{$?}" if $? != 0

-count.chomp!

-#-----------------------------

-count = 0

-File.open(file, 'r') { |fh|

-    count += 1 while fh.gets

-}

-# count now holds the number of lines read

-#-----------------------------

-count = 0

-while (chunk = file.sysread(2**16))

-    count += chunk.count("\n")

-end rescue EOFError

-#-----------------------------

-File.open(filename,'r') { |fh|

-    count += 1 while fh.gets

-}

-# count now holds the number of lines read

-#-----------------------------

-# As ruby doesn't quite have an equivalent to using a for

-# statement as in perl, I threw this in

-count = File.readlines(filename).size

-#-----------------------------

-1 while file.gets

-count = $.

-#-----------------------------

-$/ = ''

-open(filename, 'r') { |fh|

-    1 while fh.gets

-    para_count = $.

-} rescue fail("can't open #{filename}: $!")

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# ^^PLEAC^^_8.3

-#-----------------------------

-while (gets)

-    split.each { |chunk|

-        # do something with chunk

-    }

-end

-#-----------------------------

-while (gets)

-    gsub(/(\w[\w'-]*)/) { |word|

-        # do something with word

-    }

-end

-#-----------------------------

-# Make a word frequency count

-# normally hashes can be created using {} or just Hash.new

-# but we want the default value of an entry to be 0 instead

-# of nil. (nil can't be incremented)

-seen = Hash.new(0)

-while (gets)

-    gsub(/(\w[\w'-]*)/) { |word|

-        seen[word.downcase] += 1

-    }

-end

-# output hash in a descending numeric sort of its values

-seen.sort { |a,b| b[1] <=> a[1] }.each do |k,v|

-    printf("%5d %s\n", v, k )

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-# Line frequency count

-seen = Hash.new(0)

-while (gets)

-    seen[$_.downcase] += 1

-end

-seen.sort { |a,b| b[1] <=> a[1] }.each do |k,v|

-    printf("%5d %s\n", v, k )

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.4

-#-----------------------------

-# instead of file handle FILE, we can just

-# use a string containing the filename

-File.readlines(file).each { |line|

-    # do something with line

-}

-#-----------------------------

-File.readlines(file).reverse_each { |line|

-    # do something with line

-}

-#-----------------------------

-# the variable lines might have been created

-# this way

-# lines = File.readlines(file)

-#

-# normally one would use the reverse_each, but

-# if you insist on using a numerical index to

-# iterate over the lines array...

-(lines.size - 1).downto(0) { |i|

-    line = lines[i]

-}

-#-----------------------------

-# the second readlines argument is a the

-# record separator $/, just like perl, a blank

-# separator splits the records into paragraphs

-File.readlines(file, '').each { |paragraph|

-    # do something with paragraph

-    puts "->Paragraph #{paragraph}"

-}

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.6

-

-$/ = "%\n";

-srand;

-

-File.open('/usr/share/fortune/humorists').each do |line|

-    adage = line if rand($.) < 1

-end

-

-puts adage;

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_8.10

-begin

-    fh = File.open(file, "r+")

-    addr = fh.tell unless fh.eof while fh.gets

-    fh.truncate(addr)

-rescue SystemCallError

-    $stderr.puts "#$!"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.0

-entry = File.stat("/usr/bin/vi")

-entry = File.stat("/usr/bin")

-entry = File.stat(INFILE)

-

-entry = File.stat("/usr/bin/vi")

-ctime = entry.ctime

-size  = entry.size

-

-f = File.open(filename, "r")

-

-## There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness

-if test(?s, filename)

-  puts "#{filename} doesn't have text in it."

-  exit

-end

-

-Dir.new("/usr/bin").each do |filename|

-  puts "Inside /usr/bin is something called #{filename}"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.1

-file = File.stat("filename")

-readtime, writetime = file.atime, file.mtime

-file.utime(readtime, writetime)

-

-SECONDS_PER_DAY = 60 * 60 * 24

-file = File.stat("filename")

-atime, mtime = file.atime, file.mtime

-

-atime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY

-mtime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY

-

-File.utime(atime, mtime, file)

-mtime = File.stat(file).mtime

-File.utime(Time.new, mtime, file)

-File.utime(Time.new, File.stat("testfile").mtime, file)

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-## uvi - vi a file without changing it's access times

-

-if ARGV.length != 1

-  puts "usage: uvi filename"

-  exit

-end

-file = ARGV[0]

-atime, mtime = File.stat(file).atime, File.stat(file).mtime

-system(ENV["EDITOR"] || "vi", file)

-File.utime(atime, mtime, file)

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.2

-File.unlink(FILENAME)

-

-err_flg = false

-filenames.each do |file|

-  begin

-    File.unlink(file)

-  rescue

-    err_flg = $!

-  end

-end

-err_flg and raise "Couldn't unlink all of #{filenames.join(" ")}: #{err_flg}"

-

-File.unlink(file)

-

-count = filenames.length

-filenames.each do |file|

-  begin

-    File.unlink(file)

-  rescue

-    count -= 1

-  end

-end

-if count != filenames.length

-  STDERR.puts "could only delete #{count} of #{filenames.length} files"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.3

-require "ftools"

-File.copy(oldfile, newfile)

-

-infile  = File.open(oldfile, "r")

-outfile = File.open(newfile, "w")

-

-blksize = infile.stat.blksize

-# This doesn't handle partial writes or ^Z

-# like the Perl version does.

-while (line = infile.read(blksize))

-  outfile.write(line)

-end

-

-infile.close

-outfile.close

-

-system("cp #{oldfile} #{newfile}")    # unix

-system("copy #{oldfile} #{newfile}")  # dos, vms

-

-require "ftools"

-File.copy("datafile.dat", "datafile.bak")

-File.move("datafile.new", "datafile.dat")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.4

-$seen = {} # must use global var to be seen inside of method below

-

-def do_my_thing(filename)

-    dev, ino = File.stat(filename).dev, File.stat(filename).ino

-    unless $seen[[dev, ino]]

-        # do something with $filename because we haven't

-        # seen it before

-    end

-    $seen[[dev, ino]] = $seen[[dev, ino]].to_i + 1

-end

-

-files.each do |filename|

-    dev, ino = File.stat(filename).dev, File.stat(filename).ino

-    if !$seen.has_key?([dev, ino])

-        $seen[[dev, ino]] = []

-    end

-    $seen[[dev, ino]].push(filename)

-end

-

-$seen.keys.sort.each do |devino|

-    ino, dev = devino

-    if $seen[devino].length > 1

-        # $seen[devino] is a list of filenames for the same file

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.5

-Dir.open(dirname) do |dir|

-    dir.each do |file|

-        # do something with dirname/file

-        puts file

-    end

-end

-# Dir.close is automatic

-

-# No -T equivalent in Ruby

-

-dir.each do |file|

-    next if file =~ /^\.\.?$/

-    # ...

-end

-

-def plainfiles(dir)

-    dh = Dir.open(dir)

-    dh.entries.grep(/^[^.]/).

-        map      {|file| "#{dir}/#{file}"}.

-        find_all {|file| test(?f, file)}.

-        sort

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.6

-list = Dir.glob("*.c")

-

-dir = Dir.open(path)

-files = dir.entries.grep(/\.c$/)

-dir.close

-

-files = Dir.glob("*.c")

-files = Dir.open(path).entries.grep(/\.[ch]$/i)

-

-dir = Dir.new(path)

-files = dir.entries.grep(/\.[ch]$/i)

-

-begin

-  d = Dir.open(dir)

-rescue Errno::ENOENT

-  raise "Couldn't open #{dir} for reading: #{$!}"

-end

-

-files = []

-d.each do |file|

-  puts file

-  next unless file =~ /\.[ch]$/i

-

-  filename = "#{dir}/#{file}"

-  # There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness

-  files.push(filename) if test(?s, filename)

-end

-

-dirs.entries.grep(/^\d+$/).

-             map    { |file| [file, "#{path}/#{file}"]} .

-             select { |file| test(?d, file[1]) }.

-             sort   { |a,b|  a[0] <=> b[0] }.

-             map    { |file| file[1] }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.7

-require 'find'

-Find.find(dirlist) do |file|

-  # do whatever

-end

-

-require 'find'

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV

-Find.find(*argv) do |file|

-  print file, (test(?d, file) ? "/\n" : "\n")

-end

-

-require 'find'

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV

-sum = 0

-Find.find(*argv) do |file|

-  size = test(?s, file) || 0

-  sum += size

-end

-puts "#{argv.join(' ')} contains #{sum} bytes"

-

-require 'find'

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV

-saved_size, saved_name = -1, ""

-Find.find(*argv) do |file|

-  size = test(?s, file) || 0

-  next unless test(?f, file) && size > saved_size

-  saved_size = size

-  saved_name = file

-end

-puts "Biggest file #{saved_name} in #{argv.join(' ')} is #{saved_size}"

-

-require 'find'

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV

-age, name = nil

-Find.find(*argv) do |file|

-  mtime = File.stat(file).mtime

-  next if age && age > mtime

-  age = mtime

-  name = file

-end

-puts "#{name} #{age}"

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# fdirs - find all directories

-require 'find'

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? %w{.} : ARGV

-File.find(*argv) { |file| puts file if test(?d, file) }

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.8

-require 'fileutils'

-

-puts "Usage #{$0} dir ..." if ARGV.empty?

-ARGV.each do |dir|

-  FileUtils.rmtree(dir)

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.9

-require 'ftools'

-names.each do |file|

-  newname = file

-  begin

-    File.move(file, newname)

-  rescue Errno::EPERM

-    $stderr.puts "Couldn't rename #{file} to #{newname}: #{$!}"

-  end

-end

-

-require 'ftools'

-op = ARGV.empty? ? (raise "Usage: rename expr [files]\n") : ARGV.shift

-argv = ARGV.empty? ? $stdin.readlines.map { |f| f.chomp } : ARGV

-argv.each do |file|

-  was = file

-  file = eval("file.#{op}")

-  File.move(was, file) unless was == file

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.10

-base = File.basename(path)

-dir  = File.dirname(path)

-# ruby has no fileparse equivalent

-dir, base = File.split(path)

-ext = base.scan(/\..*$/).to_s

-

-path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'

-file = File.basename(path)

-dir  = File.dirname(path)

-

-puts "dir is #{dir}, file is #{file}"

-# dir is /usr/lib, file is libc.a

-

-path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'

-dir, filename = File.split(path)

-name, ext = filename.split(/(?=\.)/)

-puts "dir is #{dir}, name is #{name}, ext is #{ext}"

-#   NOTE: The Ruby code prints

-#   dir is /usr/lib, name is libc, extension is .a

-#     while the Perl code prints a '/' after the directory name

-#   dir is /usr/lib/, name is libc, extension is .a

-

-# No fileparse_set_fstype() equivalent in ruby

-

-def extension(path)

-    ext = path.scan(/\..*$/).to_s

-    ext.sub(/^\./, "")

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.11

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# symirror - build spectral forest of symlinks

-

-require 'find'

-require 'fileutils'

-

-raise "usage: #{$0} realdir mirrordir" unless ARGV.size == 2

-

-srcdir,dstdir = ARGV

-srcmode = File::stat(srcdir).mode

-Dir.mkdir(dstdir, srcmode & 07777) unless test(?d, dstdir)

-

-# fix relative paths

-Dir.chdir(srcdir) {srcdir = Dir.pwd}

-Dir.chdir(dstdir) {dstdir = Dir.pwd}

-

-Find.find(srcdir) do |srcfile|

-    if test(?d, srcfile)

-        dest = srcfile.sub(/^#{srcdir}/, dstdir)

-        dmode = File::stat(srcfile).mode & 07777

-        Dir.mkdir(dest, dmode) unless test(?d, dest)

-        a = Dir["#{srcfile}/*"].reject{|f| test(?d, f)}

-        FileUtils.ln_s(a, dest)

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_9.12

-# we use the Getopt/Declare library here for convenience:

-#   http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/getoptdeclare/

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# lst - list sorted directory contents (depth first)

-

-require 'find'

-require 'etc'

-require "Getopt/Declare"

-

-# Note: in the option-spec below there must by at least one hard

-# tab in between each -option and its description. For example

-#    -i <tab> read from stdin

-

-opts = Getopt::Declare.new(<<'EOPARAM')

-    ============

-    Input Format:

-        -i	read from stdin

-    ============

-    Output Format:

-        -l	long listing

-        -r	reverse listing

-    ============

-    Sort on: (one of)

-        -m	mtime (modify time - default)

-                {$sort_criteria = :mtime}

-        -u	atime (access time)

-                {$sort_criteria = :atime}

-        -c	ctime (inode change time)

-                {$sort_criteria = :ctime}

-        -s	size

-                {$sort_criteria = :size}

-        [mutex: -m -u -c -s]

-

-EOPARAM

-

-$sort_criteria ||= :mtime

-files = {}

-DIRS = opts['-i'] ? $stdin.readlines.map{|f|f.chomp!} : ARGV

-DIRS.each do |dir|

-    Find.find(dir) do |ent|

-        files[ent] = File::stat(ent)

-    end

-end

-entries = files.keys.sort_by{|f| files[f].send($sort_criteria)}

-entries = entries.reverse unless opts['-r']

-

-entries.each do |ent|

-    unless opts['-l']

-        puts ent

-        next

-    end

-    stats = files[ent]

-    ftime = stats.send($sort_criteria == :size ? :mtime : $sort_criteria)

-    printf "%6d %04o %6d %8s %8s %8d %s %s\n",

-        stats.ino,

-        stats.mode & 07777,

-        stats.nlink,

-        ETC::PASSWD[stats.uid].name,

-        ETC::GROUP[stats.gid].name,

-        stats.size,

-        ftime.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"),

-        ent

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.0

-def hello

-    $greeted += 1      # in Ruby, a variable beginning with $ is global (can be any type of course)

-    puts "hi there!"

-end

-

-# We need to initialize $greeted before it can be used, because "+=" is waiting a Numeric object

-$greeted = 0

-hello                  # note that appending () is optional to function calls with no parameters

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.1

-# In Ruby, parameters are named anyway

-def hypotenuse(side1, side2)

-    Math.sqrt(side1**2 + side2**2)    # the sqrt function comes from the Math module

-end

-diag = hypotenuse(3, 4)

-

-puts hypotenuse(3, 4)

-

-a = [3, 4]

-print hypotenuse(*a)                  # the star operator will magically convert an Array into a "tuple"

-

-both = men + women

-

-# In Ruby, all objects are references, so the same problem arises; we then return a new object

-nums = [1.4, 3.5, 6.7]

-def int_all(n)

-    n.collect { |v| v.to_i }

-end

-ints = int_all(nums)

-

-nums = [1.4, 3.5, 6.7]

-def trunc_em(n)

-    n.collect! { |v| v.to_i }         # the bang-version of collect modifies the object

-end

-trunc_em(nums)

-

-# Ruby has two chomp version:

-# ``chomp'' chomps the record separator and returns what's expected

-# ``chomp!'' does the same but also modifies the parameter object

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.2

-def somefunc

-    variable = something  # variable is local by default

-end

-

-name, age = ARGV

-start     = fetch_time

-

-a, b = pair               # will succeed if pair is an Array object (like ARGV is)

-c = fetch_time

-

-# In ruby, run_check can't access a, b, or c until they are

-# explicitely defined global (using leading $), even if they are

-# both defined in the same scope

-

-def check_x(x)

-    y = "whatever"

-    run_check

-    if $condition

-        puts "got $x"

-    end

-end

-

-# The following will keep a reference to the array, though the

-# results will be slightly different from perl: the last element

-# of $global_array will be itself an array

-def save_array(ary)

-    $global_array << ary

-end

-

-# The following gives the same results as in Perl for $global_array,

-# though it doesn't illustrate anymore the way to keep a reference

-# to an object: $global_array is extended with the elements of ary

-def save_array(ary)

-    $global_array += ary

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.3

-# In Ruby, AFAIK a method cannot access "local variables" defined

-# upper scope; mostly because everything is an object, so you'll

-# do the same by defining an attribute or a static attribute

-

-# In Ruby the BEGIN also exists:

-BEGIN { puts "hello from BEGIN" }

-puts "hello from main"

-BEGIN { puts "hello from 2nd BEGIN" }

-# gives:

-#   hello from BEGIN

-#   hello from 2nd BEGIN

-#   hello from main

-

-# In Ruby, it can be written as a static method and a static

-# variable

-class Counter

-    @@counter = 0

-    def Counter.next_counter; @@counter += 1; end

-end

-

-# There is no need of BEGIN since the variable will get

-# initialized when parsing

-class Counter

-    @@counter = 42

-    def Counter.next_counter; @@counter += 1; end

-    def Counter.prev_counter; @@counter -= 1; end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.4

-# You can either get the whole trace as an array of strings, each

-# string telling which file, line and method is calling:

-caller

-

-# ...or only the last caller

-caller[0]

-

-# We need to extract just the method name of the backtrace:

-def whoami;  caller()[0] =~ /in `([^']+)'/ ? $1 : '(anonymous)'; end

-def whowasi; caller()[1] =~ /in `([^']+)'/ ? $1 : '(anonymous)'; end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.5

-# In Ruby, every value is a reference on an object, thus there is

-# no such problem

-array_diff(array1, array2)

-

-def add_vecpair(a1, a2)

-    results = []

-    a1.each_index { |i| results << (a1[i] + a2[i]) }

-    results

-end

-a = [1, 2]

-b = [5, 8]

-c = add_vecpair(a, b)

-p c

-

-# Add this to the beginning of the function to check if we were

-# given two arrays

-a1.type == Array && a2.type == Array or

-    raise "usage: add_vecpair array1 array2 (was used with: #{a1.type} #{a2.type})"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.6

-# There is no return context in Ruby

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.7

-# Like in Perl, we need to fake with a hash, but it's dirty :-(

-def thefunc(param_args)

-    args = { 'INCREMENT' => '10s', 'FINISH' => '0', 'START' => 0 }

-    args.update(param_args)

-    if (args['INCREMENT']  =~ /m$/ )

-        # .....

-    end

-end

-

-thefunc({ 'INCREMENT' => '20s', 'START' => '+5m', 'FINISH' => '+30m' })

-thefunc({})

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.8

-# there is no "undef" direct equivalent but there is the slice equiv:

-a, c = func.indexes(0, 2)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.9

-# Ruby has no such limitation:

-def somefunc

-    ary = []

-    hash = {}

-    # ...

-    return ary, hash

-end

-arr, dict = somefunc

-

-array_of_hashes = fn

-h1, h2, h3      = fn

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.10

-return

-# or (equivalent)

-return nil

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.11

-# You can't prototype in Ruby regarding types :-(

-# Though, you can force the number of arguments:

-def func_with_no_arg; end

-def func_with_no_arg(); end

-def func_with_one_arg(a1); end

-def func_with_two_args(a1, a2); end

-def func_with_any_number_of_args(*args); end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.12

-raise "some message"        # raise exception

-

-begin

-    val = func

-rescue Exception => msg

-    $stderr.puts "func raised an exception: #{msg}"

-end

-

-# In Ruby the rescue statement uses an exception class, every

-# exception which is not matched is still continuing

-begin

-    val = func

-rescue FullMoonError

-    ...

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.13

-# Saving Global Values

-# Of course we can just save the value and restore it later:

-def print_age

-    puts "Age is #{$age}"

-end

-

-$age = 18         # global variable

-print_age()

-if condition

-    safeage = $age

-    $age = 23

-    print_age()

-    $age = safeage

-end

-

-# We can also use a method that saves the global variable and

-# restores it automatically when the block is left:

-

-def local(var)

-    eval("save = #{var.id2name}")

-    begin

-        result = yield

-    ensure

-        # we want to call this even if we got an exception

-        eval("#{var.id2name} = save")

-    end

-    result

-end

-

-condition = true

-$age = 18

-print_age()

-if condition

-    local(:$age) {

-        $age = 23

-        print_age()

-    }

-end

-print_age()

-

-# There is no need to use local() for filehandles or directory

-# handles in ruby because filehandles are normal objects.

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.14

-# In Ruby you may redefine a method [but not overload it :-(]

-# just by defining again with the same name.

-def foo; puts 'foo'; end

-def foo; puts 'bar'; end

-foo

-#=> bar

-

-# You can also take a reference to an existing method before

-# redefining a new one, using the `alias' keyword

-def foo; puts 'foo'; end

-alias foo_orig foo

-def foo; puts 'bar'; end

-foo_orig

-foo

-#=> foo

-#=> bar

-

-# AFAIK, there is no direct way to create a new method whose name

-# comes from a variable, so use "eval"

-colors = %w(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)

-colors.each { |c|

-    eval <<-EOS

-    def #{c}(*a)

-        "<FONT COLOR='#{c}'>" + a.to_s + "</FONT>"

-    end

-    EOS

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.15

-def method_missing(name, *args)

-    "<FONT COLOR='#{name}'>" + args.join(' ') + "</FONT>"

-end

-puts chartreuse("stuff")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.16

-def outer(arg)

-    x = arg + 35

-    inner = proc { x * 19 }

-    x + inner.call()

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_10.17

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# mailsort - sort mbox by different criteria

-require 'English'

-require 'Date'

-

-# Objects of class Mail represent a single mail.

-class Mail

-    attr_accessor :no

-    attr_accessor :subject

-    attr_accessor :fulltext

-    attr_accessor :date

-

-    def initialize

-        @fulltext = ""

-        @subject = ""

-    end

-

-    def append(para)

-        @fulltext << para

-    end

-

-    # this is called if you call puts(mail)

-    def to_s

-        @fulltext

-    end

-end

-

-# represents a list of mails.

-class Mailbox < Array

-

-    Subjectpattern = Regexp.new('Subject:\s*(?:Re:\s*)*(.*)\n')

-    Datepattern = Regexp.new('Date:\s*(.*)\n')

-

-    # reads mails from open file and stores them

-    def read(file)

-        $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = ''  # paragraph reads

-        msgno = -1

-        file.each { |para|

-            if para =~ /^From/

-                mail = Mail.new

-                mail.no = (msgno += 1)

-                md = Subjectpattern.match(para)

-                if md

-                    mail.subject = md[1]

-                end

-                md = Datepattern.match(para)

-                if md

-                    mail.date = DateTime.parse(md[1])

-                else

-                    mail.date = DateTime.now

-                end

-                self.push(mail)

-            end

-            mail.append(para) if mail

-        }

-    end

-

-    def sort_by_subject_and_no

-        self.sort_by { |m|

-            [m.subject, m.no]

-        }

-    end

-

-    # sorts by a list of attributs of mail, given as symbols

-    def sort_by_attributs(*attrs)

-        # you can sort an Enumerable by an array of

-        # values, they would be compared

-        # from ary[0] to ary[n]t, say:

-        # ['b',1] > ['a',10] > ['a',9]

-        self.sort_by { |elem|

-            attrs.map { |attr|

-                elem.send(attr)

-            }

-        }

-    end

-

-end

-

-mailbox = Mailbox.new

-mailbox.read(ARGF)

-

-# print only subjects sorted by subject and number

-for m in mailbox.sort_by_subject_and_no

-    puts(m.subject)

-end

-

-# print complete mails sorted by date, then subject, then number

-for m in mailbox.sort_by_attributs(:date, :subject)

-    puts(m)

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_11.7

-def mkcounter(count)

-    start  = count

-    bundle = {

-        "NEXT"   => proc { count += 1 },

-        "PREV"   => proc { count -= 1 },

-        "RESET"  => proc { count = start }

-    }

-    bundle["LAST"] = bundle["PREV"]

-    return bundle

-end

-

-c1 = mkcounter(20)

-c2 = mkcounter(77)

-

-puts "next c1: #{c1["NEXT"].call}"  # 21

-puts "next c2: #{c2["NEXT"].call}"  # 78

-puts "next c1: #{c1["NEXT"].call}"  # 22

-puts "last c1: #{c1["PREV"].call}"  # 21

-puts "last c1: #{c1["LAST"].call}"  # 20

-puts "old  c2: #{c2["RESET"].call}" # 77

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_11.15

-class Binary_tree

-    def initialize(val)

-        @value = val

-        @left = nil

-        @right = nil

-    end

-

-    # insert given value into proper point of

-    # provided tree.  If no tree provided,

-    # use implicit pass by reference aspect of @_

-    # to fill one in for our caller.

-    def insert(val)

-        if val < @value then

-            if @left then

-                @left.insert(val)

-            else

-                @left = Binary_tree.new(val)

-            end

-        elsif val > @value then

-            if @right then

-                @right.insert(val)

-            else

-                @right = Binary_tree.new(val)

-            end

-        else

-            puts "double"

-            # do nothing, no double values

-        end

-    end

-

-    # recurse on left child,

-    # then show current value,

-    # then recurse on right child.

-    def in_order

-        @left.in_order if @left

-        print @value, " "

-        @right.in_order if @right

-    end

-

-    # show current value,

-    # then recurse on left child,

-    # then recurse on right child.

-    def pre_order

-        print @value, " "

-        @left.pre_order if @left

-        @right.pre_order if @right

-    end

-

-    # recurse on left child,

-    # then recurse on right child,

-    # then show current value.

-    def post_order

-        @left.post_order if @left

-        @right.post_order if @right

-        print @value, " "

-    end

-

-    # find out whether provided value is in the tree.

-    # if so, return the node at which the value was found.

-    # cut down search time by only looking in the correct

-    # branch, based on current value.

-    def search(val)

-        if val == @value then

-            return self

-        elsif val < @value then

-            return @left.search(val) if @left

-            return nil

-        else

-            return @right.search(val) if @right

-            return nil

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-# first generate 20 random inserts

-test = Binary_tree.new(0)

-for a in 0..20

-    test.insert(rand(1000))

-end

-

-# now dump out the tree all three ways

-print "Pre order:  ";  test.pre_order;  puts ""

-print "In order:  ";  test.in_order;  puts ""

-print "Post order:  ";  test.post_order;  puts ""

-

-print "search?"

-while gets

-    print test.search($_.to_i)

-    print "\nsearch?"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.0

-# class and module names need to have the first letter capitalized

-module Alpha

-    NAME = 'first'

-end

-module Omega

-    NAME = 'last'

-end

-puts "Alpha is #{Alpha::NAME}, Omega is #{Omega::NAME}"

-

-# ruby doesn't differentiate beteen compile-time and run-time

-require 'getoptlong.rb'

-require 'getoptlong'     # assumes the .rb

-require 'cards/poker.rb'

-require 'cards/poker'    # assumes the .rb

-load    'cards/poker'    # require only loads the file once

-

-module Cards

-    module Poker

-        @card_deck = Array.new # or @card_deck = []

-        def shuffle

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.1

-# a module exports all of its functions

-module Your_Module

-    def self.function

-        # this would be called as Your_Module.function

-    end

-

-    def Your_Module.another

-        # this is the same as above, but more specific

-    end

-end

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.2

-begin

-    require 'nonexistent'

-rescue LoadError

-    puts "Couldn't load #{$!}"  # $! contains the last error string

-end

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.4

-# module variables are private unless access functions are defined

-module Alpha

-    @aa = 10

-    @bb = 11

-

-    def self.put_aa

-        puts @aa

-    end

-

-    def self.bb=(val)

-        @bb = val

-    end

-end

-

-Alpha.bb = 12

-# Alpha.aa = 10 # error, no aa=method

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.5

-# caller provides a backtrace of the call stack

-module MyModule

-    def find_caller

-        caller

-    end

-

-    def find_caller2(i)

-        caller(i) # an argument limits the size of the stack returned

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.6

-BEGIN {

-    $logfile = '/tmp/mylog' unless defined? $logfile

-    $LF = File.open($logfile, 'a')

-}

-

-module Logger

-    def self.logmsg(msg)

-        $LF.puts msg

-    end

-

-    logmsg('startup')

-end

-

-END {

-    Logger::logmsg('shutdown')

-    $LF.close

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.7

-#-----------------------------

-# results may be different on your system

-# % ruby -e "$LOAD_PATH.each_index { |i| printf("%d %s\n", i, $LOAD_PATH[i] }

-#0 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6

-#1 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6/i386-linux

-#2 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/

-#3 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6

-#4 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6/i136-linux

-#5 .

-#-----------------------------

-# syntax for sh, bash, ksh, or zsh

-#$ export RUBYLIB=$HOME/rubylib

-

-# syntax for csh or tcsh

-# % setenv RUBYLIB ~/rubylib

-#-----------------------------

-$LOAD_PATH.unshift "/projects/spectre/lib";

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.8

-# equivalents in ruby are mkmf, SWIG, or Ruby/DL depending on usage

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.9

-# no equivalent in ruby

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.10

-# no equivalent in ruby

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.11

-module FineTime

-    def self.time

-        # to be defined later

-    end

-end

-

-

-module FineTime

-    def self.time

-        "its a fine time"

-    end

-end

-

-puts FineTime.time #=> "its a fine time"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.12

-def even_only(n)

-    raise "#{n} is not even" if (n & 1) != 0  # one way to test

-    # ...

-end

-def even_only(n)

-    $stderr.puts "#{n} is not even" if (n & 1) != 0

-    # ...

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_12.17

-# The library archive for ruby is called Ruby Application archive,

-# or shorter RAA, and can be found at http://raa.ruby-lang.org.

-# A typical library is installed like this:

-# % gunzip some-module-4.54.tar.gz

-# % tar xf some-module-4.54.tar

-# % cd some-module-4.54.tar

-# % ruby install.rb config

-# % ruby install.rb setup

-# get superuser previleges here if needed for next step

-# % ruby install.rb install

-

-# Some modules use a different process,

-# you should find details in the documentation

-# Here is an example of such a different process

-# % ruby extconf.rb

-# % make

-# % make install

-

-# If you want the module installed in your own directory:

-# For ruby version specific libraries

-# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby=~/lib

-# For version independent libraries

-# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby-common=~/lib

-

-# Information about possible options for config

-# % ruby install.rb --help

-

-# If you have your own complete distribution

-# % ruby install.rb --prefix=path=~/ruby-private

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.0

-# Classes and objects in Ruby are rather straigthforward

-class Person

-    # Class variables (also called static attributes) are prefixed by @@

-    @@person_counter=0

-

-    # object constructor

-    def initialize(age, name, alive = true)     # Default arg like in C++

-        @age, @name, @alive = age, name, alive  # Object attributes are prefixed by '@'

-        @@person_counter += 1

-          # There is no '++' operator in Ruby. The '++'/'--'  operators are in fact

-          # hidden assignments which affect variables, not objects. You cannot accomplish

-          # assignment via method. Since everything in Ruby is object, '++' and '--'

-          # contradict Ruby OO ideology. Instead '-=' and '+=' are used.

-    end

-

-    attr_accessor :name, :age   # This creates setter and getter methods for @name

-                                # and @age. See 13.3 for detailes.

-

-    # methods modifying the receiver object usually have the '!' suffix

-    def die!

-        @alive = false

-        puts "#{@name} has died at the age of #{@age}."

-        @alive

-    end

-

-    def kill(anotherPerson)

-        print @name, ' is killing ', anotherPerson.name, ".\n"

-        anotherPerson.die!

-    end

-

-    # methods used as queries

-    # usually have the '?' suffix

-    def alive?

-        @alive && true

-    end

-

-    def year_of_birth

-        Time.now.year - @age

-    end

-

-    # Class method (also called static method)

-    def Person.number_of_people

-        @@person_counter

-    end

-end

-

-# Using the class:

-# Create objects of class Person

-lecter = Person.new(47, 'Hannibal')

-starling = Person.new(29, 'Clarice', true)

-pazzi = Person.new(40, 'Rinaldo', true)

-

-# Calling a class method

-print "There are ", Person.number_of_people, " Person objects\n"

-

-print pazzi.name, ' is ', (pazzi.alive?) ? 'alive' : 'dead', ".\n"

-lecter.kill(pazzi)

-print pazzi.name, ' is ', (pazzi.alive?) ? 'alive' : 'dead', ".\n"

-

-print starling.name , ' was born in ', starling.year_of_birth, "\n"

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.1

-# If you don't need any initialisation in the constructor,

-# you don't need to write a constructor.

-class MyClass

-end

-

-class MyClass

-    def initialize

-        @start = Time.new

-        @age = 0

-    end

-end

-

-class MyClass

-    def initialize(inithash)

-        @start = Time.new

-        @age = 0

-        for key, value in inithash

-            instance_variable_set("@#{key}", value)

-        end

-    end

-end

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.2

-# Objects are destroyed by the garbage collector.

-# The time of destroying is not predictable.

-# The ruby garbage collector can handle circular references,

-# so there is no need to write destructor for that.

-

-# There is no direct support for destructor.

-# You can call a custom function, or more specific a proc object, when the

-# garbage collector is about to destruct the object, but it is unpredictable

-# when this occurs.

-# Also if such a finalizer object has a reference to the orignal object,

-# this may prevent the original object to get garbage collected.

-# Because of this problem the finalize method below is

-# a class method and not a instance method.

-# So if you need to free resources for an object, like

-# closing a socket or kill a spawned subprocess,

-# you should do it explicitly.

-

-class MyClass

-    def initialize

-        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,

-                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)

-    end

-    def MyClass.finalize(id)

-        puts "Object #{id} dying at #{Time.new}"

-    end

-end

-

-# test code

-3.times {

-    MyClass.new

-}

-ObjectSpace.garbage_collect

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.3

-# You can write getter and setter methods in a natural way:

-class Person

-    def name

-        @name

-    end

-    def name=(name)

-        @name = name

-    end

-end

-

-# But there is a better and shorter way

-class Person

-    attr_reader :age

-    attr_writer :name

-    # attr_reader and attr_writer are actually methods in class Class

-    # which set getter and setter methods for you.

-end

-

-# There is also attr_accessor to create both setters and getters

-class Person

-    attr_accessor :age, :name

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.4

-class Person

-    # Class variables (also called static attributes) are prefixed by @@

-    @@person_counter = 0

-

-    def Person.population

-        @@person_counter

-    end

-    def initialize

-        @@person_counter += 1

-        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,

-                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)

-    end

-    def Person.finalize(id)

-        @@person_counter -= 1

-    end

-end

-people = []

-10.times {

-    people.push(Person.new)

-}

-printf("There are %d people alive", Person.population)

-

-

-FixedArray.class_max_bounds = 100

-alpha = FixedArray.new

-puts "Bound on alpha is #{alpha.max_bounds}"

-

-beta = FixedArray.new

-beta.max_bounds = 50                    # calls the instance method

-beta.class.class_max_bounds = 50        # alternative, calls the class method

-puts "Bound on alpha is #{alpha.max_bounds}"

-

-class FixedArray

-    @@bounds = 7

-

-    def max_bounds

-        @@max_bounds

-    end

-    # instance method, which sets the class variable

-    def max_bounds=(value)

-        @@max_bounds = value

-    end

-    # class method. This can only be called on a class,

-    # but not on the instances

-    def FixedArray.class_max_bounds=(value)

-        @@max_bounds = value

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.5

-PersonStruct = Struct.new("Person", :name, :age, :peers)

-# creates a class "Person::Struct", which is accessiable with the

-# constant "PersonStruct"

-p = PersonStruct.new

-p = Struct::Person.new                      # alternative using the classname

-p.name = "Jason Smythe"

-p.age = 13

-p.peers = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]

-p[:peers] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]     # alternative access using symbol

-p["peers"] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]    # alternative access using name of field

-p[2] = ["Wilbur", "Ralph", "Fred"]          # alternative access using index of field

-puts "At age #{p.age}, #{p.name}'s first friend is #{p.peers[0]}"

-

-# The fields of a struct have no special type, like other ruby variables

-# you can put any objects in. Therefore the discussions how to specify

-# the types of the fields do not apply to ruby.

-

-FamilyStruct = Struct.new("Family", :head, :address, :members)

-folks = FamilyStruct.new

-folks.head = PersonStruct.new

-dad = folks.head

-dad.name = "John"

-dad.age = 34

-

-# supply of own accessor method for the struct for error checking

-class PersonStruct

-    def age=(value)

-        if !value.kind_of?(Integer)

-            raise(ArgumentError, "Age #{value} isn't an Integer")

-        elsif value > 150

-            raise(ArgumentError, "Age #{value} is unreasonable")

-        end

-        @age = value

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.6

-# The ruby Object class defines a dup and a clone method.

-# The dup method is recommended for prototype object creation.

-# The default implementation makes a shallow copy,

-# but each class can override it, for example to make a deep copy.

-

-# If you want to call 'new' directly on the instances,

-# you can create a instance method "new", which returns a new duplicate.

-# This method is distinct from the class method new.

-#

-class A

-    def new

-        dup

-    end

-end

-

-ob1 = A.new

-# later on

-ob2 = ob1.new

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.7

-methname = 'flicker'

-obj.send(methname, 10)      # calls obj.flicker(10)

-

-# call three methods on the object, by name

-['start', 'run', 'stop'].each do |method_string|

-    obj.send(method_string)

-end

-

-# Another way is to create a Method object

-method_obj = obj.method('flicker')

-# And then call it

-method_obj.call(10)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.8

-# All classes in Ruby inherit from class Object

-# and thus all objects share methods defined in this class

-

-# the class of the object

-puts any_object.type

-

-# Ruby classes are actually objects of class Class and they

-# respond to methods defined in Object class as well

-

-# the superclass of this class

-puts any_object.class.superclass

-

-# ask an object whether it is an instance of particular class

-n = 4.7

-puts n.instance_of?(Float)    # true

-puts n.instance_of?(Numeric)  # false

-

-# ask an object whether it is an instance of class, one of the

-# superclasses of the object, or modules included in it

-puts n.kind_of?(Float)       # true (the class)

-puts n.kind_of?(Numeric)     # true (an ancestor class)

-puts n.kind_of?(Comparable)  # true (a mixin module)

-puts n.kind_of?(String)      # false

-

-# ask an object whether it can respond to a particular method

-puts n.respond_to?('+')      # true

-puts n.respond_to?('length') # false

-

-# all methods an object can respond to

-'just a string'.methods.each { |m| puts m }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.9

-# Actually any class in Ruby is inheritable

-class Person

-    attr_accessor :age, :name

-    def initialize

-        @name

-        @age

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-dude = Person.new

-dude.name = 'Jason'

-dude.age = 23

-printf "%s is age %d.\n", dude.name, dude.age

-#-----------------------------

-# Inheriting from Person

-class Employee < Person

-    attr_accessor :salary

-end

-#-----------------------------

-empl = Employee.new

-empl.name = 'Jason'

-empl.age = 23

-empl.salary = 200

-printf "%s is age %d, the salary is %d.\n", empl.name, empl.age, empl.salary

-#-----------------------------

-# Any built-in class can be inherited the same way

-class WeirdString < String

-    def initialize(obj)

-        super obj

-    end

-    def +(anotherObj)   # + method in this class is overridden

-        # to return the sum of string lengths

-        self.length + anotherObj.length  # 'self' can be omitted

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-a = WeirdString.new('hello')

-b = WeirdString.new('bye')

-

-puts a + b    # the overridden +

-#=> 8

-puts a.length # method from the superclass, String

-#=> 5

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.11

-# In ruby you can override the method_missing method

-# to have a solution similar to perls AUTOLOAD.

-class Person

-

-    def initialize

-        @ok_fields = %w(name age peers parent)

-    end

-

-    def valid_attribute?(name)

-        @ok_fields.include?(name)

-    end

-

-    def method_missing(namesymbol, *params)

-        name = namesymbol.to_s

-        return if name =~ /^A-Z/

-        if name.to_s[-1] == ('='[0])       # we have a setter

-            isSetter = true

-            name.sub!(/=$/, '')

-        end

-        if valid_attribute?(name)

-            if isSetter

-                instance_variable_set("@#{name}", *params)

-            else

-                instance_variable_get("@#{name}", *params)

-            end

-        else

-            # if no annestor is responsible,

-            # the Object class will throw a NoMethodError exception

-            super(namesymbol, *params)

-        end

-    end

-

-    def new

-        kid = Person.new

-        kid.parent = self

-        kid

-    end

-

-end

-

-dad = Person.new

-dad.name = "Jason"

-dad.age = 23

-kid = dad.new

-kid.name = "Rachel"

-kid.age = 2

-puts "Kid's parent is #{kid.parent.name}"

-puts dad

-puts kid

-

-class Employee < Person

-    def initialize

-        super

-        @ok_fields.push("salary", "boss")

-    end

-    def ok_fields

-        @ok_fields

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.13

-# The ruby garbage collector pretends to cope with circular structures.

-# You can test it with this code:

-class RingNode

-    attr_accessor :next

-    attr_accessor :prev

-    attr_reader :name

-

-    def initialize(aName)

-        @name = aName

-        ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self,

-                                     self.class.method(:finalize).to_proc)

-    end

-

-    def RingNode.finalize(id)

-        puts "Node #{id} dying"

-    end

-

-    def RingNode.show_all_objects

-        ObjectSpace.each_object {|id|

-            puts id.name if id.class == RingNode

-        }

-    end

-end

-

-def create_test

-    a = RingNode.new("Node A")

-    b = RingNode.new("Node B")

-    c = RingNode.new("Node C")

-    a.next = b

-    b.next = c

-    c.next = a

-    a.prev = c

-    c.prev = b

-    b.prev = a

-

-    a = nil

-    b = nil

-    c = nil

-end

-

-create_test

-RingNode.show_all_objects

-ObjectSpace.garbage_collect

-puts "After garbage collection"

-RingNode.show_all_objects

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_13.14

-class String

-    def <=>(other)

-        self.casecmp other

-    end

-end

-

-# There is no way to directly overload the '""' (stringify)

-# operator in Ruby.  However, by convention, classes which

-# can reasonably be converted to a String will define a

-# 'to_s' method as in the TimeNumber class defined below.

-# The 'puts' method will automatcally call an object's

-# 'to_s' method as is demonstrated below.

-# Furthermore, if a class defines a to_str method, an object of that

-# class can be used most any place where the interpreter is looking

-# for a String value.

-

-#---------------------------------------

-# NOTE: Ruby has a builtin Time class which would usually be used

-# to manipulate time objects, the following is supplied for

-# educational purposes to demonstrate operator overloading.

-#

-class TimeNumber

-    attr_accessor  :hours,:minutes,:seconds

-    def initialize( hours, minutes, seconds)

-        @hours = hours

-        @minutes = minutes

-        @seconds = seconds

-    end

-

-    def to_s

-        return sprintf( "%d:%02d:%02d", @hours, @minutes, @seconds)

-    end

-

-    def to_str

-        to_s

-    end

-

-    def +( other)

-        seconds = @seconds + other.seconds

-        minutes = @minutes + other.minutes

-        hours = @hours + other.hours

-        if seconds >= 60

-            seconds %= 60

-            minutes += 1

-        end

-        if minutes >= 60

-            minutes %= 60

-            hours += 1

-        end

-        return TimeNumber.new(hours, minutes, seconds)

-    end

-

-    def -(other)

-        raise NotImplementedError

-    end

-

-    def *(other)

-        raise NotImplementedError

-    end

-

-    def /( other)

-        raise NotImplementedError

-    end

-end

-

-t1 = TimeNumber.new(0, 58, 59)

-sec = TimeNumber.new(0, 0, 1)

-min = TimeNumber.new(0, 1, 0)

-puts t1 + sec + min + min

-

-#-----------------------------

-# StrNum class example: Ruby's builtin String class already has the

-# capabilities outlined in StrNum Perl example, however the '*' operator

-# on Ruby's String class acts differently: It creates a string which

-# is the original string repeated N times.

-#

-# Using Ruby's String class as is in this example:

-x = "Red"; y = "Black"

-z = x+y

-r = z*3 # r is "RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack"

-puts "values are #{x}, #{y}, #{z}, and #{r}"

-print "#{x} is ", x < y ? "LT" : "GE", " #{y}\n"

-# prints:

-# values are Red, Black, RedBlack, and RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack

-# Red is GE Black

-

-#-----------------------------

-class FixNum

-    REGEX = /(\.\d*)/

-    DEFAULT_PLACES = 0

-    attr_accessor :value, :places

-    def initialize(value, places = nil)

-        @value = value

-        if places

-            @places = places

-        else

-            m = REGEX.match(value.to_s)

-            if m

-                @places = m[0].length - 1

-            else

-                @places = DEFAULT_PLACES

-            end

-        end

-    end

-

-    def +(other)

-        FixNum.new(@value + other.value, max(@places, other.places))

-    end

-

-    def *(other)

-        FixNum.new(@value * other.value, max(@places, other.places))

-    end

-

-    def /(other)

-        puts "Divide: #{@value.to_f/other.value.to_f}"

-        result = FixNum.new(@value.to_f/other.value.to_f)

-        result.places = max(result.places,other.places)

-        result

-    end

-

-    def to_s

-        sprintf("STR%s: %.*f", self.class.to_s , @places, @value)   #.

-    end

-

-    def to_str

-        to_s

-    end

-

-    def to_i #convert to int

-        @value.to_i

-    end

-

-    def to_f #convert to float`

-        @value.to_f

-    end

-

-    private

-    def max(a,b)

-        a > b ? a : b

-    end

-end

-

-def demo()

-    x = FixNum.new(40)

-    y = FixNum.new(12, 0)

-

-    puts "sum of #{x} and #{y} is  #{x+y}"

-    puts "product of #{x} and #{y} is #{x*y}"

-

-    z = x/y

-    puts "#{z} has #{z.places} places"

-    unless z.places

-        z.places = 2

-    end

-

-    puts "div of #{x} by #{y} is #{z}"

-    puts "square of that is  #{z*z}"

-end

-

-if __FILE__ == $0

-    demo()

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.1

-# There are dbm, sdbm, gdbm modules

-# and the bdb module for accessing the berkeley db

-# sdbm seem to be available on the most systems,

-# so we use it here

-#

-require "sdbm"

-SDBM.open("filename", 0666) { |dbobj|

-    # raises exception if open error

-

-    # the returned sdbm-dbobj has most of the methods of a hash

-    v = dbobj["key"]

-    dbobj["key"] = "newvalue"

-    if dbobj.has_key?("key")

-        # ...

-    end

-    dbobj.delete("key2")

-}

-# database is open only inside the block.

-

-# It is also possible to use a open .. close pair:

-dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)

-#.. do something with dbobj

-dbobj.close

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# userstats - generate statistics on who is logged in

-# call with usernames as argument to display the totals

-# for the given usernames, call with "ALL" to display all users

-

-require "sdbm"

-filename = '/tmp/userstats.db'

-SDBM.open(filename, 0666) { |dbobj|

-    if ARGV.length > 0

-        if ARGV[0] == "ALL"

-            # ARGV is constant, so we need the variable userlist

-            userlist = dbobj.keys().sort()

-        else

-            userlist = ARGV

-        end

-        userlist.each { |user|

-            print "#{user}\t#{dbobj[user]}\n"

-        }

-    else

-        who = `who`

-        who.split("\n").each { |line|

-            md = /^(\S+)/.match(line)

-            raise "Bad line from who: #{line}" unless md

-            # sdbm stores only strings, so "+=" doesn't work,

-            # we need to convert them expicitly back to integer.

-            if dbobj.has_key?(md[0])

-                dbobj[md[0]] = dbobj[md[0]].to_i + 1

-            else

-                dbobj[md[0]] = "1"

-            end

-        }

-    end

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.2

-# using open and clear

-dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)

-dbobj.clear()

-dbobj.close()

-# deleting file and recreating it

-# the filenames depend on the flavor of dbm you use,

-# for example sdbm has two files named filename.pag and filename.dir,

-# so you need to delete both files

-begin

-    File.delete("filename")

-    # raises Exception if not exist

-    dbobj = SDBM.open("filename", 0666)

-rescue

-    # add error handling here

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.3

-# sdbm2gdbm: converts sdbm database to a gdbm database

-require "sdbm"

-require "gdbm"

-

-unless ARGV.length == 2

-    fail "usage: sdbm2gdbm infile outfile"

-end

-infile = ARGV[0]

-outfile = ARGV[1]

-

-sdb = SDBM.open(infile)

-gdb = GDBM.open(outfile, 0666)

-sdb.each { |key, val|

-    gdb[key] = val

-}

-gdb.close

-sdb.close

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.4

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# dbmmerge: merges two dbm databases

-require "sdbm"

-

-unless ARGV.length == 3

-    fail "usage: dbmmerge indb1 indb2 outdb"

-end

-infile1 = ARGV[0]

-infile2 = ARGV[0]

-outfile = ARGV[2]

-

-in1 = SDBM.open(infile1, nil)

-in2 = SDBM.open(infile2, nil)

-outdb = SDBM.open(outfile, 0666)

-

-[in1, in2].each { |indb|

-    indb.each { |key, val|

-        if outdb.has_key?(key)

-            # decide which value to set.

-            # set outdb[key] if necessary

-        else

-            outdb[key] = val

-        end

-    }

-}

-in1.close

-in2.close

-outdb.close

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.7

-# we write a tie method that extends the Array class.

-# It reads the file into the memory, executes the code block

-# in which you can manipulate the array as needed, and writes

-# the array back to the file after the end of the block execution

-class Array

-    def tie(filename, flags)

-        File.open(filename, flags) { |f|

-            f.each_line { |line|

-                self.push(line.chomp)

-            }

-            yield

-            f.rewind

-            each { |line|

-                if line

-                    f.puts(line)

-                else

-                    f.puts ""

-                end

-            }

-        }

-    end

-end

-

-array = Array.new

-array.tie("/tmp/textfile.txt", File::RDWR|File::CREAT) {

-    array[4] = "a new line 4"

-}

-

-# The tied array can be manipulated like a normal array,

-# so there is no need for a special API, and the recno_demo program

-# to demonstrate is API is useless

-

-

-# tied array demo: show how to use array with a tied file

-filename = "db_file.txt"

-lines = Array.new

-File.unlink(filename) if File.exists?(filename)

-lines.tie(filename, File::RDWR | File::CREAT) {

-    # first create a textfile to play with

-    lines[0] = "zero"

-    lines[1] = "one"

-    lines[2] = "two"

-    lines[3] = "three"

-    lines[4] = "four"

-

-    # print the records in order.

-    # Opposed to perl, the tied array behaves exactly as a normal array

-    puts "\nOriginal"

-    for i in 0..(lines.length-1)

-        puts "#{i}: #{lines[i]}"

-    end

-

-    #use push and pop

-    a = lines.pop

-    lines.push("last")

-    puts("The last line was [#{a}]")

-

-    #use shift and unshift

-    a = lines.shift

-    lines.unshift("first")

-    puts("The first line was [#{a}]")

-

-    # add record after record 2

-    i = 2

-    lines.insert(i + 1, "Newbie")

-

-    # add record before record one

-    i = 1

-    lines.insert(i, "New One")

-

-    # delete record 3

-    lines.delete_at(3)

-

-    #now print the records in reverse order

-    puts "\nReverse"

-    (lines.length - 1).downto(0){ |i|

-        puts "#{i}: #{lines[i]}"

-    }

-

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.8

-# example to store complex data in a database

-# uses marshall from the standard library

-require "sdbm"

-db = SDBM.open("pleac14-8-database", 0666)

-

-# convert the Objects into strings and back by using the Marshal module.

-# Most normal objects can be converted out of the box,

-# but not special things like procedure objects,

-# IO instance variables, singleton objects

-

-db["Tom Christiansen"] = Marshal.dump(["book author",  "tchrist@perl.com"])

-db["Tom Boutell"] = Marshal.dump(["shareware author",

-"boutell@boutell.com"])

-

-name1 = "Tom Christiansen"

-name2 = "Tom Boutell"

-

-tom1 = Marshal.load(db[name1])

-tom2 = Marshal.load(db[name2])

-

-puts "Two Toming: #{tom1} #{tom2}"

-

-if tom1[0] == tom2[0] && tom1[1] == tom2[1]

-   puts "You're having runtime fun with one Tom made two."

-else

-   puts "No two Toms are ever alike"

-end

-

-# To change parts of an entry, get the whole entry, change the parts,

-# and save the whole entry back

-entry = Marshal.load(db["Tom Boutell"])

-entry[0] = "Poet Programmer"

-db["Tom Boutell"] = Marshal.dump(entry)

-db.close

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.9

-# example to make data persistent

-# uses Marshal from the standard lib

-# Stores the data in a simple file,

-# see 14.8 on how to store it in a dbm file

-

-# The BEGIN block is executed before the rest of the script

-# we use global variables here because local variables

-# will go out of scope and are not accessible from the main script

-

-BEGIN {

-   $persistent_store = "persitence.dat"

-   begin

-     File.open($persistent_store) do |f|

-       $stringvariable1 = Marshal.load(f)

-       $arrayvariable2 = Marshal.load(f)

-     end

-   rescue

-     puts "Can not open #{$persistent_store}"

-     # Initialisation if this script runs the first time

-     $stringvariable1 = ""

-     $arrayvariable2 = []

-   end

-}

-

-END {

-   File.open($persistent_store, "w+") do |f|

-     Marshal.dump($stringvariable1, f)

-     Marshal.dump($arrayvariable2, f)

-   end

-}

-

-# simple test program

-puts $stringvariable1

-puts $arrayvariable2

-$stringvariable1 = "Hello World"

-$arrayvariable2.push(5)

-puts $stringvariable1

-puts $arrayvariable2

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_14.10

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# Ruby has a dbi module with an architecture similar

-# to the Perl dbi module: the dbi module provides an unified

-# interface and uses specialized drivers for each dbms vendor

-#

-begin

-    DBI.connect("DBI:driver:driverspecific", "username", "auth") {

-        |dbh|

-

-        dbh.do(SQL1)

-

-        dbh.prepare(SQL2){ |sth|

-            sth.execute

-            sth.fetch {|row|

-                # ...

-            }

-        } # end of block finishes the statement handle

-    } # end of block closes the database connection

-rescue DBI::DatabaseError => e

-    puts "dbi error occurred"

-    puts "Error code: #{e.err}"

-    puts "Error message: #{e.errstr}"

-end

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -w

-# dbusers - example for mysql which creates a table,

-# fills it with values, retrieves the values back,

-# and finally destroys the table.

-

-require "dbi"

-

-# replacement for the User::pwnt module

-def getpwent

-    result = []

-    File.open("/etc/passwd") {|file|

-        file.each_line {|line|

-            next if line.match(/^#/)

-            cols = line.split(":")

-            result.push([cols[2], cols[0]])

-        }

-    }

-    result

-end

-

-begin

-    DBI.connect("DBI:Mysql:pleacdatabase", "pleac", "pleacpassword") {

-        |conn|

-

-        conn.do("CREATE TABLE users (uid INT, login CHAR(8))")

-

-        users = getpwent

-

-        conn.prepare("INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?)") {|sth|

-            users.each {|entry|

-                sth.execute(entry[0], entry[1])

-            }

-        }

-

-        conn.execute("SELECT uid, login FROM users WHERE uid < 50") {|sth|

-            sth.fetch {|row|

-                puts row.collect {|col|

-                    if col.nil?

-                        "(null)"

-                    else

-                        col

-                    end

-                }.join(", ")

-            }

-        }

-

-        conn.do("DROP TABLE users")

-    }

-rescue DBI::DatabaseError => e

-    puts "dbi error occurred"

-    puts "Error code: #{e.err}"

-    puts "Error message: #{e.errstr}"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_15.1

-# This test program demonstrates parsing program arguments.

-# It uses the optparse library, which is included with ruby 1.8

-# It handles classic unix style and gnu style options

-require 'optparse'

-

-@debugmode = false

-@verbose = false

-

-ARGV.options do |opts|

-    opts.banner = "Usage: ruby #{$0} [OPTIONS] INPUTFILES"

-

-    opts.on("-h", "--help", "show this message") {

-        puts opts

-        exit

-    }

-    # The OptionParser#on method is called with a specification of short

-    # options, of long options, a data type spezification and user help

-    # messages for this option.

-    # The method analyses the given parameter and decides what it is,

-    # so you can leave out the long option if you don't need it

-    opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose=[FLAG]", TrueClass, "run verbosly") {

-        |@verbose|   # sets @verbose to true or false

-    }

-    opts.on("-D", "--DEBUG", TrueClass, "turns on debug mode" ){

-        |@debugmode|   # sets @debugmode to true

-    }

-    opts.on("-c", "--count=NUMBER", Integer, "how many times we do it" ){

-        |@count|      # sets @count to given integer

-    }

-    opts.on("-o", "--output=FILE", String, "file to write output to"){

-        |@outputfile|   # sets @outputfile to given string

-    }

-    opts.parse!

-end

-

-# example to use the options in the main program

-puts "Verbose is on" if @verbose

-puts "Debugmode is on" if @debugmode

-puts "Outfile is #{@outputfile}" if defined? @outputfile

-puts "Count is #{@count}" if defined? @count

-ARGV.each { |param|

-    puts "Got parameter #{param}"

-}

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_15.4

-buf = "\0" * 8

-$stdout.ioctl(0x5413, buf)

-ws_row, ws_col, ws_xpixel, ws_ypixel = buf.unpack("S4")

-

-raise "You must have at least 20 characters" unless ws_col >= 20

-max = 0

-values = (1..5).collect { rand(20) }  # generate an array[5] of rand values

-for i in values

-    max = i if max < i

-end

-ratio = Float(ws_col-12)/max          # chars per unit

-for i in values

-    printf "%8.1f %s\n", i, "*" * (ratio*i)

-end

-

-# gives, for example:

-#   15.0 *******************************

-#   10.0 *********************

-#    5.0 **********

-#   14.0 *****************************

-#   18.0 **************************************

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.1

-output = `program args`       # collect output into one multiline string

-output = `program args`.split # collect output into array, one line per

-element

-

-readme = IO.popen("ls")

-output = ""

-while readme.gets do

-    output += $_

-end

-readme.close

-

-`fsck -y /dev/rsd1a`  # BAD AND SCARY in Perl because it's managed by the shell

-                      # I donna in Ruby ...

-

-# so the "clean and secure" version

-readme, writeme = IO.pipe

-pid = fork {

-    # child

-    $stdout = writeme

-    readme.close

-    exec('find', '..')

-}

-# parent

-Process.waitpid(pid, 0)

-writeme.close

-while readme.gets do

-    # do something with $_

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.2

-status = system("xemacs #{myfile}")

-

-status = system("xemacs", myfile)

-

-system("cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile")

-system("cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile")

-

-# stop if the command fails

-raise "$program exited funny: #{$?}" unless system("cmd", "args1", "args2")

-

-# get the value of the signal sent to the child

-# even if it is a SIGINT or SIGQUIT

-system(arglist)

-raise "program killed by signal #{$?}" if ($? & 127) != 0

-

-pid = fork {

-    trap("SIGINT", "IGNORE")

-    exec("sleep", "10")

-}

-trap ("SIGINT") {

-    puts "Tsk tsk, no process interruptus"

-}

-Process.waitpid(pid, 0)

-

-# Ruby doesn't permit to lie to the program called by a 'system'.

-# (ie specify what return argv[0] in C, $0 in Perl/Ruby ...)

-# A (dirty) way is to create a link (under Unix), run this link and

-# erase it. Somebody has a best idea ?

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.3

-exec("archive *.data")

-

-exec("archive", "accounting.data")

-

-exec("archive accounting.data")

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.4

-# read the output of a program

-IO.popen("ls") {|readme|

-    while readme.gets do

-        # ...

-    end

-}

-# or

-readme = IO.popen("ls")

-while readme.gets do

-    # ...

-end

-readme.close

-

-# "write" in a program

-IO.popen("cmd args","w") {|pipe|

-    pipe.puts("data")

-    pipe.puts("foo")

-}

-

-# close wait for the end of the process

-read = IO.popen("sleep 10000") # child goes to sleep

-read.close                     # and the parent goes to lala land

-

-writeme = IO.popen("cmd args", "w")

-writeme.puts "hello" # program will get hello\n on STDIN

-writeme.close        # program will get EOF on STDIN

-

-# send in a pager (eg less) all output

-$stdout = IO.popen("/usr/bin/less","w")

-print "huge string\n" * 10000

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.5

-#-----------------------------

-def head(lines = 20)

-    pid = open("|-","w")

-    if pid == nil

-        return

-    else

-        while gets() do

-            pid.print

-            lines -= 1

-            break if lines == 0

-        end

-    end

-    exit

-end

-

-head(100)

-while gets() do

-    print

-end

-#-----------------------------

-1: > Welcome to Linux, version 2.0.33 on a i686

-

-2: >

-

-3: >     "The software required `Windows 95 or better',

-

-4: >      so I installed Linux."

-#-----------------------------

-> 1: Welcome to Linux, Kernel version 2.0.33 on a i686

-

-> 2:

-

-> 3:     "The software required `Windows 95 or better',

-

-> 4:      so I installed Linux."

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-# qnumcat - demo additive output filters

-

-def number()

-    pid = open("|-","w")

-    if pid == nil

-        return

-    else

-        while gets() do pid.printf("%d: %s", $., $_); end

-    end

-    exit

-end

-

-def quote()

-    pid = open("|-","w")

-    if pid == nil

-        return

-    else

-        while gets() do pid.print "> #{$_}" end

-    end

-    exit

-end

-

-number()

-quote()

-

-while gets() do

-    print

-end

-$stdout.close

-exit

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.6

-ARGV.map! { |arg|

-    arg =~ /\.(gz|Z)$/ ? "|gzip -dc #{arg}" : arg

-}

-for file in ARGV

-    fh = open(file)

-    while fh.gets() do

-        # .......

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-ARGV.map! { |arg|

-    arg =~ %r#^\w+://# ? "|GET #{arg}" : arg   #

-}

-for file in ARGV

-    fh = open(file)

-    while fh.gets() do

-        # .......

-    end

-end

-#-----------------------------

-pwdinfo = (`domainname` =~ /^(\(none\))?$/) ? '/etc/passwd' : '|ypcat  passwd';

-pwd = open(pwdinfo);

-#-----------------------------

-puts "File, please? ";

-file = gets().chomp();

-fh = open(file);

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.7

-output = `cmd 2>&1`                            # with backticks

-# or

-ph = open("|cmd 2>&1")                         # with an open pipe

-while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read

-#-----------------------------

-output = `cmd 2>/dev/null`                     # with backticks

-# or

-ph = open("|cmd 2>/dev/null")                  # with an open pipe

-while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read

-#-----------------------------

-output = `cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null`                # with backticks

-# or

-ph = open("|cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null")             # with an open pipe

-while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read

-#-----------------------------

-output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`             # with backticks

-# or

-ph = open("|cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-")          # with an open pipe

-while ph.gets() { }                            # plus a read

-#-----------------------------

-system("program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr")

-#-----------------------------

-output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`

-#-----------------------------

-fd3 = fd1

-fd1 = fd2

-fd2 = fd3

-fd3 = undef

-#-----------------------------

-system("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1")

-system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile")

-#-----------------------------

-# system ("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1")

-fd1 = "tmpfile"          # change stdout destination first

-fd2 = fd1                # now point stderr there, too

-#-----------------------------

-# system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile")

-fd2 = fd1                # stderr same destination as stdout

-fd1 = "tmpfile"          # but change stdout destination

-#-----------------------------

-# It is often better not to rely on the shell,

-# because of portability, possible security problems

-# and bigger resource usage. So, it is often better to use the open3 library.

-# See below for an example.

-# opening stdin, stdout, stderr

-require "open3"

-stdin, stdout, stderr = Open3.popen('cmd')

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.8

-#-----------------------------

-# Contrary to perl, we don't need to use a module in Ruby

-fh = Kernel.open("|" + program, "w+")

-fh.puts "here's your input\n"

-output = fh.gets()

-fh.close()

-#-----------------------------

-Kernel.open("|program"),"w+")    # RIGHT !

-#-----------------------------

-# Ruby has already object methods for I/O handles

-#-----------------------------

-begin

-    fh = Kernel.open("|" + program_and_options, "w+")

-rescue

-    if ($@ ~= /^open/)

-        $stderr.puts "open failed : #{$!} \n #{$@} \n"

-        break

-    end

-    raise      # reraise unforseen exception

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.13

-#% kill -l

-#HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE

-#ALRM TERM CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM

-#PROF WINCH POLL PWR

-#-----------------------------

-#% ruby -e 'puts Signal.list.keys.join(" ")'

-#PWR USR1 BUS USR2 TERM SEGV KILL POLL STOP SYS TRAP IOT HUP INT                                                                          #

-#WINCH XCPU TTIN CLD TSTP FPE IO TTOU PROF CHLD CONT PIPE ABRT

-#VTALRM QUIT ILL XFSZ URG ALRM

-#-----------------------------

-# After that, the perl script create an hash equivalent to Signal.list,

-# and an array. The array can be obtained by :

-signame = []

-Signal.list.each { |name, i| signame[i] = name }

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.14

-Process.kill(9, pid)                    # send $pid a signal 9

-Process.kill(-1, Process.getpgrp())     # send whole job a signal 1

-Process.kill("USR1", $$)                # send myself a SIGUSR1

-Process.kill("HUP", pid1, pid2, pid3)   # send a SIGHUP to processes in @pids

-#-----------------------------

-begin

-    Process.kill(0, minion)

-    puts "#{minion} is alive!"

-rescue Errno::EPERM                     # changed uid

-    puts "#{minion} has escaped my control!";

-rescue Errno::ESRCH

-    puts "#{minion} is deceased.";      # or zombied

-rescue

-    puts "Odd; I couldn't check the status of #{minion} : #{$!}"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.15

-Kernel.trap("QUIT", got_sig_quit)       # got_sig_quit = Proc.new { puts "Quit\n" }

-trap("PIPE", "got_sig_quit")            # def got_sig_pipe ...

-trap("INT") { ouch++ }                  # increment ouch for every SIGINT

-#-----------------------------

-trap("INT", "IGNORE")                   # ignore the signal INT

-#-----------------------------

-trap("STOP", "DEFAULT")                 # restore default STOP signal handling

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.16

-# the signal handler

-def ding

-    trap("INT", "ding")

-    puts "\aEnter your name!"

-end

-

-# prompt for name, overriding SIGINT

-def get_name

-    save = trap("INT", "ding")

-

-    puts "Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: "

-    name = gets().chomp()

-    trap("INT", save)

-    name

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_16.21

-# implemented thanks to http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1760

-require 'timeout'

-

-# we'll do something vastly more useful than cookbook to demonstrate timeouts

-begin

-    timeout(5) {

-        waitsec = rand(10)

-        puts "Let's see if a sleep of #{waitsec} seconds is longer than 5 seconds..."

-        system("sleep #{waitsec}")

-    }

-    puts "Timeout didn't occur"

-rescue Timeout::Error

-    puts "Timed out!"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_17.1

-# A basic TCP client connection

-require 'socket'

-begin

-    t = TCPSocket.new('www.ruby-lang.org', 'www')

-rescue

-    puts "error: #{$!}"

-else

-    # ... do something with the socket

-    t.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n"

-    answer = t.gets(nil)

-    # and terminate the connection when we're done

-    t.close

-end

-

-# Using the evil low level socket API

-require 'socket'

-# create a socket

-s = Socket.new(Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, 0)

-# build the address of the remote machine

-sockaddr_server = [Socket::AF_INET, 80,

-    Socket.gethostbyname('www.ruby-lang.org')[3],

-    0, 0].pack("snA4NN")

-# connect

-begin

-    s.connect(sockaddr_server)

-rescue

-    puts "error: #{$!}"

-else

-    # ... do something with the socket

-    s.print "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n"

-    # and terminate the connection when we're done

-    s.close

-end

-

-# TCP connection with management of error (DNS)

-require 'socket'

-begin

-    client = TCPSocket.new('does not exists', 'www')

-rescue

-    puts "error: #{$!}"

-end

-

-# TCP connection with a time out

-require 'socket'

-require 'timeout'

-begin

-    timeout(1) do #the server has one second to answer

-        client = TCPSocket.new('www.host.com', 'www')

-    end

-rescue

-    puts "error: #{$!}"

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_17.12

-require 'socket'

-

-class Preforker

-    attr_reader (:child_count)

-

-    def initialize(prefork, max_clients_per_child, port, client_handler)

-        @prefork = prefork

-        @max_clients_per_child = max_clients_per_child

-        @port = port

-        @child_count = 0

-

-        @reaper = proc {

-            trap('CHLD', @reaper)

-            pid = Process.wait

-            @child_count -= 1

-        }

-

-        @huntsman = proc {

-            trap('CHLD', 'IGNORE')

-            trap('INT', 'IGNORE')

-            Process.kill('INT', 0)

-            exit

-        }

-

-        @client_handler=client_handler

-    end

-

-    def child_handler

-        trap('INT', 'EXIT')

-        @client_handler.setUp

-        # wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT

-        @max_clients_per_child.times {

-            client = @server.accept or break

-            @client_handler.handle_request(client)

-            client.close

-        }

-        @client_handler.tearDown

-    end

-

-    def make_new_child

-        # wish: sigprocmask block SIGINT

-        @child_count += 1

-        pid = fork do

-            child_handler

-        end

-        # wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT

-    end

-

-    def run

-        @server = TCPserver.open(@port)

-        trap('CHLD', @reaper)

-        trap('INT', @huntsman)

-        loop {

-            (@prefork - @child_count).times { |i|

-                make_new_child

-            }

-            sleep .1

-        }

-    end

-end

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!/usr/bin/ruby

-

-require 'Preforker'

-

-class ClientHandler

-    def setUp

-    end

-

-    def tearDown

-    end

-

-    def handle_request(client)

-        # do stuff

-    end

-end

-

-server = Preforker.new(1, 100, 3102, ClientHandler.new)

-server.run

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_18.2

-require 'net/ftp'

-

-begin

-    ftp = Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com")

-    ftp.login(username,password)

-    ftp.chdir(directory)

-    ftp.get(filename)

-    ftp.put(filename)

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.print "FTP failed: " + $!

-ensure

-    ftp.close() if ftp

-end

-

-# A better solution for a local use could be :

-Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com") do |ftp|

-    ftp.login(username,password)

-    ftp.chdir(directory)

-    ftp.get(filename)

-    ftp.put(filename)

-end

-

-# If you have only one file to get, there is a simple solution :

-require 'open-uri'

-open("ftp://www.ruby-lang.org/path/filename") do |fh|

-    # read from filehandle fh

-end

-#--------------------------------------------

-# to wait a defined time for the connection,

-# use the timeout module

-require 'timeout'

-begin

-    timeout(30){

-        ftp = Net::FTP::new("ftp.host.com")

-        ftp.debug_mode = true

-    }

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.puts "Couldn't connect."

-rescue Timeout::Error

-    $stderr.puts "Timeout while connecting to server."

-end

-

-begin

-    ftp.login()

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.print "Couldn't authentificate.\n"

-end

-

-begin

-    ftp.login(username)

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.print "Still couldn't authenticate.\n"

-end

-

-begin

-    ftp.login(username, password)

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.print "Couldn't authenticate, even with explicit

-    username and password.\n"

-end

-

-begin

-    ftp.login(username, password, account)

-rescue Net::FTPError

-    $stderr.print "No dice. It hates me.\n"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.put(localfile, remotefile)

-#-----------------------------

-# Sending data from STDIN is not directly supported

-# by the ftp library module. A possible way to do it is to use the

-# storlines method directly to send raw commands to the ftp server.

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.get(remotefile, localfile)

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.get(remotefile) { |data| puts data }

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.chdir("/pub/ruby")

-print "I'm in the directory ", ftp.pwd(), "\n"

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.mkdir("/pub/ruby/new_dir")

-#-----------------------------

-lines = ftp.ls("/pub/ruby/")

-# => ["drwxr-xr-x 2 matz users 4096 July 17 1998 1.0", ... ]

-

-latest = ftp.dir("/pub/ruby/*.tgz").sort.last

-

-ftp.nlst("/pub/ruby")

-# => ["/pub/ruby/1.0", ... ]

-#-----------------------------

-ftp.quit()

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_18.6

-require 'net/telnet'

-t = Net::Telnet::new( "Timeout" => 10,

-                      "Prompt"  => /%/,

-                      "Host"    => host )

-t.login(username, password)

-files = t.cmd("ls")

-t.print("top")

-process_string = t.waitfor(/\d+ processes/)

-t.close

-#-----------------------------

-/[$%#>] \z/n

-#-----------------------------

-# In case of an error, the telnet module throws an exception.

-# For control of the behavior in case of an error,

-# you just need to catch the exceptions and do your custom

-# error handling.

-#-----------------------------

-begin

-    telnet.login(username, password)

-rescue TimeoutError

-    fail "Login failed !\n"

-end

-#-----------------------------

-telnet.waitfor('/--more--/')

-#-----------------------------

-telnet.waitfor(String => 'greasy smoke', Timeout => 30)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_18.7

-require 'ping'

-

-puts "#{host} is alive.\n" if Ping.pingecho(host);

-#-----------------------------

-# the ping module only use TCP ping, not ICMP even if we are root

-if Ping.pingecho("kingkong.com")

-    puts "The giant ape lives!\n";

-else

-    puts "All hail mighty Gamera, friend of children!\n";

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_19.1

-#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w

-# hiweb - load CGI class to decode information given by web server

-

-require 'cgi'

-

-cgi = CGI.new('html3')

-

-# get a parameter from a form

-value = cgi.params['PARAM_NAME'][0]

-

-# output a document

-cgi.out {

-    cgi.html {

-        cgi.head { cgi.title { "Howdy there!" } } +

-            cgi.body { cgi.p { "You typed: " + cgi.tt {

-                    CGI.escapeHTML(value) } } }

-    }

-}

-

-require 'cgi'

-cgi = CGI.new

-who   = cgi.param["Name"][0]     # first param in list

-phone = cgi.param["Number"][0]

-picks = cgi.param["Choices"]     # complete list

-

-print cgi.header( 'type' => 'text/plain',

-                  'expires' => Time.now + (3 * 24 * 60 * 60) )

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_19.3

-#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w

-# webwhoami - show web user's id

-require 'etc'

-print "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n"

-print "Running as " + Etc.getpwuid.name + "\n"

-

-# % ruby -wc cgi-script     # just check syntax

-

-# % ruby -w  cgi-script     # params from stdin

-# (offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input)

-# name=joe

-# number=10

-# ^D

-

-# % ruby -w  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # run with mock form input

-# % ruby -d  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # ditto, under the debugger

-

-# POST method script in csh

-# % (setenv HTTP_METHOD POST; ruby -w cgi-script name=joe number=10)

-# POST method script in sh

-# % HTTP_METHOD=POST perl -w cgi-script name=joe number=10

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_19.4

-# ruby has several security levels, the level "1" is similar to perls taint mode.

-# It can be switched on by providing the -T command line parameter

-# or by setting $SAFE to 1. Setting $SAFE to 2,3 or 4 restricts possible

-# harmful operations further.

-

-#!/usr/bin/ruby -T

-$SAFE = 1

-File.open(ARGV[0], "w")

-# ruby warns with:

-# taint1.rb:2:in `initialize': Insecure operation - initialize (SecurityError)

-

-$SAFE = 1

-file = ARGV[0]

-unless /^([\w.-]+)$/.match(file)

-    raise "filename #{file} has invalid characters"

-end

-file = $1

-# In ruby, even the back reference from a regular expression stays tainted.

-# you need to explicitly untaint the variable:

-file.untaint

-File.open(file, "w")

-

-# Race condition exists like in perl:

-unless File.exists(filename)        # Wrong because of race condition

-    File.open(filename, "w")

-end

-

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_19.10

-preference_value = cgi.cookies["preference name"][0]

-

-packed_cookie = CGI::Cookie.new("name" => "preference name",

-                                "value" => "whatever you'd like",

-                                "expires" => Time.local(Time.now.year + 2,

-    Time.now.mon, Time.now.day, Time.now.hour, Time.now.min, Time.now.sec) )

-

-cgi.header("cookie" => [packed_cookie])

-

-#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w

-# ic_cookies - sample CGI script that uses a cookie

-require 'cgi'

-

-cgi = CGI.new('html3')

-

-cookname = "favorite ice cream"

-favorite = cgi.params["flavor"][0]

-tasty    = cgi.cookies[cookname][0] || 'mint'

-

-unless favorite

-    cgi.out {

-        cgi.html {

-            cgi.head { cgi.title { "Ice Cookies" } } +

-            cgi.body {

-                cgi.h1 { "Hello Ice Cream" } +

-                cgi.hr +

-                cgi.form {

-                    cgi.p { "Please select a flavor: " +

-                            cgi.text_field("flavor", tasty ) }

-                } +

-                cgi.hr

-            }

-        }

-    }

-else

-    cookie = CGI::Cookie.new( "name"    => cookname,

-                              "value"   => favorite,

-                              "expires" => Time.local(Time.now.year + 2,

-Time.now.mon, Time.now.day, Time.now.hour, Time.now.min, Time.now.sec) )

-    cgi.out("cookie" => [cookie]) {

-        cgi.html {

-            cgi.head { cgi.title { "Ice Cookies" } } +

-            cgi.body {

-                cgi.h1 { "Hello Ice Cream" } +

-                cgi.p { "You chose as your favorite flavor `#{favorite}'." }

-            }

-        }

-    }

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_20.9

-def templatefile(filename, fillings)

-    aFile = File.new(filename, "r")

-    text = aFile.read()

-    aFile.close()

-    pattern = Regexp.new('%%(.*?)%%')

-    text.gsub!(pattern) {

-        fillings[$1] || ""

-    }

-    text

-end

-

-fields = {

-    'username' => whats_his_name,

-    'count' => login_count,

-    'total' => minutes_used

-}

-puts templatefile('simple.template', fields)

-

-# @@INCOMPLETE@@

-# An example using databases is missing

 

diff --git a/test/ruby/example.out.raydebug b/test/ruby/example.out.raydebug
index 609c346..90e2f2b 100644
--- a/test/ruby/example.out.raydebug
+++ b/test/ruby/example.out.raydebug
@@ -3786,6285 +3786,4 @@ reserved(if) global_variable($0) operator(==) pre_constant(__FILE__)
 		reserved(break) reserved(if) ident(c)operator(.)ident(typ) operator(==) constant(TokenConsts)operator(::)constant(EOP)

 	reserved(end)

 reserved(end)

-comment(# -*- ruby -*-)

-

-comment(# Local variables:)

-comment(#  indent-tabs-mode: nil)

-comment(#  ruby-indent-level: 4)

-comment(# End:)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_NAME)

-comment(# @@SKIP@@ Ruby)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_WEB)

-comment(# @@SKIP@@ http://www.ruby-lang.org)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.0)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(\\n)delimiter(')>                     comment(# two characters, \\ and an n)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jon )char(\\')content(Maddog)char(\\')content( Orwant)delimiter(')>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>                     comment(# a "newline" character)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jon )char(\\")content(Maddog)char(\\")content( Orwant)delimiter(")>  comment(# literal double quotes)

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q/)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(/)>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q[)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(])>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q{)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(})>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(\))>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q<)content(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(>)>  comment(# literal single quotes)

-

-ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<"EOF")>string<content(

-This is a multiline here document

-terminated by EOF on a line by itself)delimiter(

-EOF)>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.1)

-ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(,)ident(count)operator(])

-ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

-

-ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(,)ident(count)operator(]) operator(=) ident(newstring)

-ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])   operator(=) ident(newtail)

-

-comment(# in Ruby we can also specify intervals by their two offsets)

-ident(value) operator(=) ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)ident(offs2)operator(])

-ident(string)operator([)ident(offset)operator(..)ident(offs2)operator(]) operator(=) ident(newstring)

-

-ident(leading)operator(,) ident(s1)operator(,) ident(s2)operator(,) ident(trailing) operator(=) ident(data)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A5 x3 A8 A8 A*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(fivers) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A5)delimiter(")> operator(*) operator(()ident(string)operator(.)ident(length)operator(/)integer(5)operator(\))operator(\))

-

-ident(chars) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(A1)delimiter(")> operator(*) ident(string)operator(.)ident(length)operator(\))

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(This is what you have)delimiter(")>

-comment(#        +012345678901234567890  Indexing forwards  (left to right\))

-comment(#         109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left\))

-comment(#          note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above)

-

-ident(first)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])       comment(# "T")

-ident(start)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])       comment(# "is")

-ident(rest)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)integer(13)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])     comment(# "you have")

-ident(last)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])      comment(# "e")

-ident(end_)   operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(4)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])     comment(# "have")

-ident(piece)  operator(=) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(8)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])      comment(# "you")

-

-ident(string)operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(wasn't)delimiter(")>     comment(# change "is" to "wasn't")

-ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(12)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ondrous)delimiter(")> comment(# "This wasn't wondrous")

-ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>           comment(# delete first character)

-ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(10)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])  operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>       comment(# delete last 10 characters)

-

-reserved(if) ident(string)operator([)operator(-)integer(10)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Pattern matches in last 10 characters)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(string)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(5)operator(])operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(is)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(at)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(make a hat)delimiter(")>

-ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])

-

-ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(To be or not to be)delimiter(")>

-ident(b) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(x6 A6)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(b)operator(,) ident(c) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(x6 A2 X5 A2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)delimiter(})>char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(def) method(cut2fmt)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

-    ident(template) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

-    ident(lastpos)  operator(=) integer(1)

-    reserved(for) ident(place) reserved(in) ident(args)

-        ident(template) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")> operator(+) operator(()ident(place) operator(-) ident(lastpos)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-        ident(lastpos)   operator(=) ident(place)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(template) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")content(A*)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(return) ident(template)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(fmt) operator(=) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(14)operator(,) integer(20)operator(,) integer(26)operator(,) integer(30)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.2)

-comment(# careful! "b is true" doesn't mean "b != 0" (0 is true in Ruby\))

-comment(# thus no problem of "defined" later since only nil is false)

-comment(# the following sets to `c' if `b' is nil or false)

-ident(a) operator(=) ident(b) operator(||) ident(c)

-

-comment(# if you need Perl's behaviour (setting to `c' if `b' is 0\) the most)

-comment(# effective way is to use Numeric#nonzero? (thanks to Dave Thomas!\))

-ident(a) operator(=) ident(b)operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(c)

-

-comment(# you will still want to use defined? in order to test)

-comment(# for scope existence of a given object)

-ident(a) operator(=) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(b)operator(\)) operator(?) ident(b) operator(:) ident(c)

-

-ident(dir) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content(/tmp)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.3)

-ident(v1)operator(,) ident(v2) operator(=) ident(v2)operator(,) ident(v1)

-

-ident(alpha)operator(,) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(January March August)delimiter(\))>

-ident(alpha)operator(,) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production) operator(=) ident(beta)operator(,) ident(production)operator(,) ident(alpha)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.4)

-ident(num) operator(=) ident(char)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(char) operator(=) ident(num)operator(.)ident(chr)

-

-comment(# Ruby also supports having a char from character constant)

-ident(num) operator(=) integer(?r)

-

-ident(char) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%c)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(\))

-ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)operator(\))

-

-ident(ascii) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(string) operator(=) ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(hal) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(HAL)delimiter(")>

-ident(ascii) operator(=) ident(hal)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# We can't use Array#each since we can't mutate a Fixnum)

-ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-    ident(i) operator(+) integer(1)                         comment(# add one to each ASCII value)

-operator(})

-ident(ibm) operator(=) ident(ascii)operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(puts) ident(ibm)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.5)

-ident(array) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(array) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(b)operator(|)

-    comment(# do something with b)

-operator(})

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(an apple a day)delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(unique chars are: )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(uniq)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

-reserved(for) ident(ascval) reserved(in) ident(string)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\)) comment(# or use Array#each for a pure OO style :\))

-    ident(sum) operator(+=) ident(ascval)

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(sum is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sum) operator(&) integer(0xffffffff)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> comment(# since Ruby will go Bignum if necessary)

-

-comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/slowcat.rb)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.6)

-ident(revbytes) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(reverse)

-

-ident(revwords) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(revwords) operator(=) ident(string)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\s)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(join)

-

-comment(# using the fact that IO is Enumerable, you can directly "select" it)

-ident(long_palindromes) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/share/dict/words)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)

-    ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|) ident(w)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(;) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(==) ident(w) operator(&&) ident(w)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(5) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.7)

-reserved(while) ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\t)content(+)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')> operator(*) operator(()global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(length) operator(*) integer(8) operator(-) global_variable($`)operator(.)ident(length) operator(%) integer(8)operator(\)) operator(})

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.8)

-string<delimiter(')content(You owe #{debt} to me)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\#)content({()char(\\w)content(+\)})delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) ident(eval)operator(()global_variable($1)operator(\)) operator(})

-

-ident(rows)operator(,) ident(cols) operator(=) integer(24)operator(,) integer(80)

-ident(text) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(I am #{rows} high and #{cols} long)delimiter(\))>

-ident(text)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\#)content({()char(\\w)content(+\)})delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(})

-ident(puts) ident(text)

-

-string<delimiter(')content(I am 17 years old)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) integer(2) operator(*) global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.9)

-ident(e) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(bo peep)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(upcase)

-ident(e)operator(.)ident(downcase!)

-ident(e)operator(.)ident(capitalize!)

-

-string<delimiter(")content(thIS is a loNG liNE)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\w)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) global_variable($&)operator(.)ident(capitalize) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.10)

-string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)operator(+)integer(1)delimiter(})>content( guanacos.)delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(n)operator(+)integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( guanacos.)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.11)

-ident(var) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<'EOF')>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

-    your text

-    goes here)delimiter(

-EOF)>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.12)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Folding and splicing is the work of an editor,)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+)

-    string<delimiter(")content(not a mere collection of silicon)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+)

-    string<delimiter(")content(and)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(+)

-    string<delimiter(")content(mobile electrons!)delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(def) method(wrap)operator(()ident(str)operator(,) ident(max_size)operator(\))

-    ident(all) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

-    reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) ident(str)operator(.)ident(split)

-        reserved(if) operator(()ident(line)operator(+)ident(l)operator(\))operator(.)ident(length) operator(>)operator(=) ident(max_size)

-            ident(all)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-            ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(line) operator(+=) ident(line) operator(==) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(?) ident(l) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(l)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(all)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(print) ident(wrap)operator(()ident(string)operator(,) integer(20)operator(\))

-comment(#=> Folding and)

-comment(#=> splicing is the)

-comment(#=> work of an editor,)

-comment(#=> not a mere)

-comment(#=> collection of)

-comment(#=> silicon and mobile)

-comment(#=> electrons!)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.13)

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q()content(Mom said, "Don't do that.")delimiter(\))>

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(['"])delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(['"])delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\&)content(\\&)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([^A-Z])delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})

-string<delimiter(")content(is a test!)delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\W)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) string<delimiter(')char(\\\\)delimiter(')>operator(+)global_variable($&) operator(})  comment(# no function like quotemeta?)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.14)

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(strip!)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.15)

-reserved(def) method(parse_csv)operator(()ident(text)operator(\))

-    ident(new) operator(=) ident(text)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content("([^)char(\\")char(\\\\)content(]*(?:)char(\\\\)content(.[^)char(\\")char(\\\\)content(]*\)*\)",?|([^,]+\),?|,)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-    ident(new) operator(<<) pre_constant(nil) reserved(if) ident(text)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) integer(?,)

-    ident(new)operator(.)ident(flatten)operator(.)ident(compact)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(line) operator(=) string<delimiter(%q<)content(XYZZY,"","O'Reilly, Inc","Wall, Larry","a )content(\\")content(glug)content(\\")content( bit,",5,"Error, Core Dumped")delimiter(>)>

-ident(fields) operator(=) ident(parse_csv)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-ident(fields)operator(.)ident(each_with_index) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(,)ident(i)operator(|)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.16)

-comment(# Use the soundex.rb Library from Michael Neumann.)

-comment(# http://www.s-direktnet.de/homepages/neumann/rb_prgs/Soundex.rb)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Soundex)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(code) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(string)operator(\))

-ident(codes) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(array)operator(\))

-

-comment(# substitution function for getpwent(\):)

-comment(# returns an array of user entries,)

-comment(# each entry contains the username and the full name)

-reserved(def) method(login_names)

-    ident(result) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-            reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(line)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-            ident(cols) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-            ident(result)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()operator([)ident(cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(cols)operator([)integer(4)operator(])operator(])operator(\))

-        operator(})

-    operator(})

-    ident(result)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Lookup user: )delimiter(")>

-ident(user) operator(=) constant(STDIN)operator(.)ident(gets)

-ident(user)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

-ident(exit) reserved(unless) ident(user)

-ident(name_code) operator(=) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

-

-ident(splitter) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(()content(\\w)content(+\)[^,]*)content(\\b)content(()content(\\w)content(+\))delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(for) ident(username)operator(,) ident(fullname) reserved(in) ident(login_names) reserved(do)

-    ident(firstname)operator(,) ident(lastname) operator(=) ident(splitter)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(fullname)operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(,)integer(2)operator(])

-    reserved(if) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(username)operator(\))

-        operator(||) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(firstname)operator(\))

-        operator(||) ident(name_code) operator(==) constant(Text)operator(::)constant(Soundex)operator(.)ident(soundex)operator(()ident(lastname)operator(\))

-    reserved(then)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(username)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(firstname)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lastname)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.17)

-comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/fixstyle.rb)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.18)

-comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/ruby/psgrep.rb)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.1)

-comment(# Matz tells that you can use Integer(\) for strict checked conversion.)

-constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(abc)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "abc" (ArgumentError\))

-constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(567)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#=> 567)

-

-comment(# You may use Float(\) for floating point stuff)

-constant(Integer)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(56.7)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#=> `Integer': invalid value for Integer: "56.7" (ArgumentError\))

-constant(Float)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(56.7)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#=> 56.7)

-

-comment(# You may also use a regexp for that)

-reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^[+-]?)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is an integer)delimiter(')>

-reserved(else)

-    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is not)delimiter(')>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^-?(?:)char(\\d)content(+(?:)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(*\)?|)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is a decimal number)delimiter(')>

-reserved(else)

-    ident(p) string<delimiter(')content(is not)delimiter(')>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.2)

-comment(# equal(num1, num2, accuracy\) : returns true if num1 and num2 are)

-comment(#   equal to accuracy number of decimal places)

-reserved(def) method(equal)operator(()ident(i)operator(,) ident(j)operator(,) ident(a)operator(\))

-    ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(g)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(i)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(g)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(j)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(wage) operator(=) integer(536)                        comment(# $5.36/hour)

-ident(week) operator(=) integer(40) operator(*) ident(wage)                  comment(# $214.40)

-ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(One week's wage is: )char(\\$)content(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(week)operator(/)float(100.0)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.3)

-ident(num)operator(.)ident(round)                         comment(# rounds to integer)

-

-ident(a) operator(=) float(0.255)

-ident(b) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%.2f)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)operator(\))

-ident(print)  string<delimiter(")content(Unrounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(Rounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(Unrounded: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(Rounded: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(number)char(\\t)content(int)char(\\t)content(floor)char(\\t)content(ceil)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(a) operator(=) operator([) float(3.3) operator(,) float(3.5) operator(,) float(3.7)operator(,) operator(-)float(3.3) operator(])

-reserved(for) ident(n) reserved(in) ident(a)

-    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\t)content(% .1f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)  comment(# at least I don't fake my output :\))

-           ident(n)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(floor)operator(,) ident(n)operator(.)ident(ceil)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.4)

-reserved(def) method(dec2bin)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    operator([)ident(n)operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(N)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(B32)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^0+(?=)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(bin2dec)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    operator([)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(0)delimiter(")>operator(*)integer(32)operator(+)ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(\))operator([)operator(-)integer(32)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(B32)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(N)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.5)

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(x) operator(..) ident(y)

-    comment(# i is set to every integer from x to y, inclusive)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(x)operator(.)ident(step)operator(()ident(y)operator(,)integer(7)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-    comment(# i is set to every integer from x to y, stepsize = 7)

-operator(})

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Infancy is: )delimiter(")>

-operator(()integer(0)operator(..)integer(2)operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.6)

-comment(# We can add conversion methods to the Integer class,)

-comment(# this makes a roman number just a representation for normal numbers.)

-reserved(class) class(Integer)

-

-    class_variable(@@romanlist) operator(=) operator([)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(M)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(1000)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(CM)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(900)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(D)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(500)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(CD)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(400)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(C)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(100)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(XC)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(90)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(L)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(50)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(XL)delimiter(")>operator(,)  integer(40)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(X)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(10)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(IX)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(9)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(V)delimiter(")>operator(,)    integer(5)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(IV)delimiter(")>operator(,)   integer(4)operator(])operator(,)

-                   operator([)string<delimiter(")content(I)delimiter(")>operator(,)    integer(1)operator(])operator(])

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_roman)

-        ident(remains) operator(=) pre_constant(self)

-        ident(roman) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-        reserved(for) ident(sym)operator(,) ident(num) reserved(in) class_variable(@@romanlist)

-            reserved(while) ident(remains) operator(>)operator(=) ident(num)

-                ident(remains) operator(-=) ident(num)

-                ident(roman) operator(<<) ident(sym)

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(roman)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(roman)operator(\))

-        ident(ustr) operator(=) ident(roman)operator(.)ident(upcase)

-        ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

-        reserved(for) ident(entry) reserved(in) class_variable(@@romanlist)

-            ident(sym)operator(,) ident(num) operator(=) ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(entry)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-            reserved(while) ident(sym) operator(==) ident(ustr)operator([)integer(0)operator(,) ident(sym)operator(.)ident(length)operator(])

-                ident(sum) operator(+=) ident(num)

-                ident(ustr)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(sym)operator(.)ident(length)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(sum)

-    reserved(end)

-

-reserved(end)

-

-

-ident(roman_fifteen) operator(=) integer(15)operator(.)ident(to_roman)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Roman for fifteen is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(roman_fifteen)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(i) operator(=) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(roman_fifteen)operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Converted back, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(roman_fifteen)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# check)

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(3900)operator(\))

-    ident(r) operator(=) ident(i)operator(.)ident(to_roman)

-    ident(j) operator(=) constant(Integer)operator(.)ident(from_roman)operator(()ident(r)operator(\))

-    reserved(if) ident(i) operator(!=) ident(j)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(r)delimiter(})>content( - )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(j)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.7)

-ident(random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(y)operator(-)ident(x)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\))operator(+)ident(x)

-

-ident(chars) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(Z)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(a)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(z)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(0)delimiter(")>operator(..)string<delimiter(")content(9)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(r)operator(|) ident(r)operator(.)ident(to_a) operator(})operator(.)ident(join) operator(+) string<delimiter(%q()content(!@$%^&*)delimiter(\))>

-ident(password) operator(=) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(8)operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) ident(chars)operator([)ident(rand)operator(()ident(chars)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(C*)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.8)

-ident(srand)        comment(# uses a combination of the time, the process id, and a sequence number)

-ident(srand)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))   comment(# for repeatable behaviour)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.9)

-comment(# from the randomr lib:)

-comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/randomr/)

-operator(-)operator(-)operator(-)operator(-)operator(>) ident(http)symbol(:/)operator(/)ident(raa)operator(.)ident(ruby)operator(-)ident(lang)operator(.)ident(org)operator(/)ident(project)operator(/)ident(randomr)operator(/)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(random/mersenne_twister)delimiter(')>

-ident(mers) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(MersenneTwister)operator(.)ident(new) integer(123456789)

-ident(puts) ident(mers)operator(.)ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))    comment(# 0.550321932544541)

-ident(puts) ident(mers)operator(.)ident(rand)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))   comment(# 2)

-

-comment(# using online sources of random data via the realrand package:)

-comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/realrand/)

-comment(# **Note**)

-comment(# The following online services are used in this package:)

-comment(#   http://www.random.org - source: atmospheric noise)

-comment(#   http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits - source: radioactive decay timings)

-comment(#   http://random.hd.org - source: entropy from local and network noise)

-comment(# Please visit the sites and respect the rules of each service.)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(random/online)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(generator1) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(RandomOrg)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(puts) ident(generator1)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(puts) ident(generator1)operator(.)ident(randnum)operator(()integer(10)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# Roll dice 10 times.)

-

-ident(generator2) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(FourmiLab)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(puts) ident(generator2)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# randnum is not supported.)

-

-ident(generator3) operator(=) constant(Random)operator(::)constant(EntropyPool)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(puts) ident(generator3)operator(.)ident(randbyte)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(,)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# randnum is not supported.)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.10)

-reserved(def) method(gaussian_rand)

-    reserved(begin)

-        ident(u1) operator(=) integer(2) operator(*) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)

-        ident(u2) operator(=) integer(2) operator(*) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)

-        ident(w) operator(=) ident(u1)operator(*)ident(u1) operator(+) ident(u2)operator(*)ident(u2)

-    reserved(end) reserved(while) operator(()ident(w) operator(>)operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))

-    ident(w) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()operator(()operator(-)integer(2)operator(*)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(w)operator(\))operator(\))operator(/)ident(w)operator(\))

-    operator([) ident(u2)operator(*)ident(w)operator(,) ident(u1)operator(*)ident(w) operator(])

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(mean) operator(=) integer(25)

-ident(sdev) operator(=) integer(2)

-ident(salary) operator(=) ident(gaussian_rand)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(*) ident(sdev) operator(+) ident(mean)

-ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(You have been hired at )char(\\$)content(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(salary)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.11)

-reserved(def) method(deg2rad)operator(()ident(d)operator(\))

-    operator(()ident(d)operator(/)float(180.0)operator(\))operator(*)constant(Math)operator(::)constant(PI)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(rad2deg)operator(()ident(r)operator(\))

-    operator(()ident(r)operator(/)constant(Math)operator(::)constant(PI)operator(\))operator(*)integer(180)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.12)

-ident(sin_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sin)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

-ident(cos_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(cos)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

-ident(tan_val) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(tan)operator(()ident(angle)operator(\))

-

-comment(# AFAIK Ruby's Math module doesn't provide acos/asin)

-comment(# While we're at it, let's also define missing hyperbolic functions)

-reserved(module) class(Math)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(asin)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(x)operator(,) ident(sqrt)operator(()integer(1) operator(-) ident(x)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(acos)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(sqrt)operator(()integer(1) operator(-) ident(x)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))operator(,) ident(x)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(atan)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        ident(atan2)operator(()ident(x)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sinh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        operator(()ident(exp)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(-) ident(exp)operator(()operator(-)ident(x)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) integer(2)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(cosh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        operator(()ident(exp)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(exp)operator(()operator(-)ident(x)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) integer(2)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(tanh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-        ident(sinh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(cosh)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# The support for Complex numbers is not built-in)

-ident(y) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(acos)operator(()float(3.7)operator(\))

-comment(#=> in `sqrt': square root for negative number (ArgumentError\))

-

-comment(# There is an implementation of Complex numbers in 'complex.rb' in current)

-comment(# Ruby distro, but it doesn't support atan2 with complex args, so it doesn't)

-comment(# solve this problem.)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.13)

-ident(log_e) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-ident(log_10) operator(=) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log10)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-

-reserved(def) method(log_base)operator(()ident(base)operator(,) ident(val)operator(\))

-    constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))operator(/)constant(Math)operator(.)ident(log)operator(()ident(base)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(answer) operator(=) ident(log_base)operator(()integer(10)operator(,) integer(10_000)operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(log10(10,000\) = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(answer)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.14)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(matrix.rb)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(a) operator(=) constant(Matrix)operator([)operator([)integer(3)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(9)operator(,) integer(8)operator(])operator(])

-ident(b) operator(=) constant(Matrix)operator([)operator([)integer(4)operator(,) integer(7)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(9)operator(,) integer(3)operator(])operator(,) operator([)integer(8)operator(,) integer(1)operator(])operator(])

-ident(c) operator(=) ident(a) operator(*) ident(b)

-

-ident(a)operator(.)ident(row_size)

-ident(a)operator(.)ident(column_size)

-

-ident(c)operator(.)ident(det)

-ident(a)operator(.)ident(transpose)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.15)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(complex.rb)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rational.rb)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(a) operator(=) constant(Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))              comment(# 3 + 5i)

-ident(b) operator(=) constant(Complex)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) operator(-)integer(2)operator(\))             comment(# 2 - 2i)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(c = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator(*)ident(b)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-ident(c) operator(=) ident(a) operator(*) ident(b)

-ident(d) operator(=) integer(3) operator(+) integer(4)operator(*)constant(Complex)operator(::)constant(I)

-

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(sqrt()inline<delimiter(#{)ident(d)delimiter(})>content(\) = %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(d)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.16)

-ident(number) operator(=) ident(hexadecimal)operator(.)ident(hex)

-ident(number) operator(=) ident(octal)operator(.)ident(oct)

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: )delimiter(")>

-ident(num) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-ident(exit) reserved(unless) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(num)operator(\))

-ident(num) operator(=) ident(num)operator(.)ident(oct) reserved(if) ident(num) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^0)delimiter(/)>  comment(# does both oct and hex)

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%d %x %o)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)operator(,) ident(num)

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Enter file permission in octal: )delimiter(")>

-ident(permissions) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Exiting ...)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) reserved(defined?)operator(()ident(permissions)operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The decimal value is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(permissions)operator(.)ident(oct)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.17)

-reserved(def) method(commify)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(n)operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(([^)char(\\.)content(]*\)()char(\\.)content(.*\)?)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(int)operator(,) ident(dec) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(,) global_variable($2) operator(?) global_variable($2) operator(:) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-    reserved(while) ident(int)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((,|)char(\\.)content(|^\)()char(\\d)content({3}\)()char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)content(\\2)content(,)content(\\3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(int)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(+) ident(dec)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.18)

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(It took %d hour%s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(time)operator(,) ident(time) operator(==) integer(1) operator(?) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")content(s)delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# dunno if an equivalent to Lingua::EN::Inflect exists...)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_2.19)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# bigfact - calculating prime factors)

-reserved(def) method(factorize)operator(()ident(orig)operator(\))

-    ident(factors) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-    ident(factors)operator(.)ident(default) operator(=) integer(0)     comment(# return 0 instead nil if key not found in hash)

-    ident(n) operator(=) ident(orig)

-    ident(i) operator(=) integer(2)

-    ident(sqi) operator(=) integer(4)                 comment(# square of i)

-    reserved(while) ident(sqi) operator(<=) ident(n) reserved(do)

-        reserved(while) ident(n)operator(.)ident(modulo)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(0) reserved(do)

-            ident(n) regexp<delimiter(/)content(= i

-            factors[i] += 1

-            # puts "Found factor )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content("

-        end

-        # we take advantage of the fact that (i +1\)**2 = i**2 + 2*i +1

-        sqi += 2 * i + 1

-        i += 1

-    end

-

-    if (n != 1\) && (n != orig\)

-        factors[n] += 1

-    end

-    factors

-end

-

-def printfactorhash(orig, factorcount\)

-    print format("%-10d ", orig\)

-    if factorcount.length == 0

-        print "PRIME"

-    else

-        # sorts after number, because the hash keys are numbers

-        factorcount.sort.each { |factor,exponent|

-            print factor

-            if exponent > 1

-                print "**", exponent

-            end

-            print " "

-        }

-    end

-    puts

-end

-

-for arg in ARGV

-    n = arg.to_i

-    mfactors = factorize(n\)

-    printfactorhash(n, mfactors\)

-end

-#-----------------------------

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.0

-puts Time.now

-

-print "Today is day ", Time.now.yday, " of the current year.)char(\\n)content("

-print "Today is day ", Time.now.day, " of the current month.)char(\\n)content("

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.1

-day, month, year = Time.now.day, Time.now.month, Time.now.year

-# or

-day, month, year = Time.now.to_a[3..5]

-

-tl = Time.now.localtime

-printf("The current date is %04d %02d %02d)char(\\n)content(", tl.year, tl.month, tl.day\)

-

-Time.now.localtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"\)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.2

-Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, second\).tv_sec

-Time.gm(year, month, day, hour, minute, second\).tv_sec

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.3

-sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone = Time.at(epoch_secs\).to_a

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.4

-when_ = now + difference         # now -> Time ; difference -> Numeric (delta in seconds\)

-then_ = now - difference

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_3.5

-bree = 361535725

-nat  =  96201950

-

-difference = bree - nat

-puts "There were )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(difference)delimiter(})>content( seconds between Nat and Bree"

-

-seconds    =  difference % 60

-difference = (difference - seconds\) )delimiter(/)> integer(60)

-ident(minutes)    operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(60)

-ident(difference) operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(minutes)operator(\)) operator(/) integer(60)

-ident(hours)      operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(24)

-ident(difference) operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(hours)operator(\))   operator(/) integer(24)

-ident(days)       operator(=)  ident(difference) operator(%) integer(7)

-ident(weeks)      operator(=) operator(()ident(difference) operator(-) ident(days)operator(\))    operator(/)  integer(7)

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(()inline<delimiter(#{)ident(weeks)delimiter(})>content( weeks, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(days)delimiter(})>content( days, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(hours)delimiter(})>content(:)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minutes)delimiter(})>content(:)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(seconds)delimiter(})>content(\))delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.6)

-ident(monthday)operator(,) ident(weekday)operator(,) ident(yearday) operator(=) ident(date)operator(.)ident(mday)operator(,) ident(date)operator(.)ident(wday)operator(,) ident(date)operator(.)ident(yday)

-

-comment(# AFAIK the week number is not just a division since week boundaries are on sundays)

-ident(weeknum) operator(=) ident(d)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%U)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

-

-ident(year)  operator(=) integer(1981)

-ident(month) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(jun)delimiter(")>                     comment(# or `6' if you want to emulate a broken language)

-ident(day)   operator(=) integer(16)

-ident(t) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()ident(year)operator(,) ident(month)operator(,) ident(day)operator(\))

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(month)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(day)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(year)delimiter(})>content( was a )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(t)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%A)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.7)

-ident(yyyy)operator(,) ident(mm)operator(,) ident(dd) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(,) global_variable($2)operator(,) global_variable($3) reserved(if) string<delimiter(")content(1998-06-25)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\)-()char(\\d)content(+\)-()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>

-

-ident(epoch_seconds) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()ident(yyyy)operator(,) ident(mm)operator(,) ident(dd)operator(\))operator(.)ident(tv_sec)

-

-comment(# dunno an equivalent to Date::Manip#ParseDate)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.8)

-ident(string) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(at)operator(()ident(epoch_secs)operator(\))

-constant(Time)operator(.)ident(at)operator(()integer(1234567890)operator(\))operator(.)ident(gmtime)        comment(# gives: Fri Feb 13 23:31:30 UTC 2009)

-

-ident(time) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(mktime)operator(()integer(1973)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(jan)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(\))

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(In localtime it gives: )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(time)operator(.)ident(localtime)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.9)

-comment(# Ruby provides micro-seconds in Time object)

-constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(usec)

-

-comment(# Ruby gives the seconds in floating format when substracting two Time objects)

-ident(before) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)

-ident(line) operator(=) ident(gets)

-ident(elapsed) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(-) ident(before)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You took )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(elapsed)delimiter(})>content( seconds.)delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# On my Celeron-400 with Linux-2.2.19-14mdk, average for three execs are:)

-comment(#   This Ruby version:       average 0.00321 sec)

-comment(#   Cookbook's Perl version: average 0.00981 sec)

-ident(size) operator(=) integer(500)

-ident(number_of_times) operator(=) integer(100)

-ident(total_time) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(number_of_times)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

-    comment(# populate array)

-    ident(array) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    ident(size)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) ident(array) operator(<<) ident(rand) operator(})

-    comment(# sort it)

-    ident(begin_) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)

-    ident(array)operator(.)ident(sort!)

-    ident(time) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(-) ident(begin_)

-    ident(total_time) operator(+=) ident(time)

-operator(})

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    ident(size)operator(,) operator(()ident(total_time)operator(/)constant(Float)operator(()ident(number_of_times)operator(\))operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.10)

-ident(sleep)operator(()float(0.005)operator(\))                      comment(# Ruby is definitely not as broken as Perl :\))

-comment(# (may be interrupted by sending the process a SIGALRM\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_3.11)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# hopdelta - feed mail header, produce lines)

-comment(#            showing delay at each hop.)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(time)delimiter(')>

-reserved(class) class(MailHopDelta)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(mail)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@head) operator(=) ident(mail)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@topline) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w-)content(Sender Recipient Time Delta)delimiter(-)>

-        instance_variable(@start_from) operator(=) ident(mail)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From.*)char(\\@)content(([^)char(\\s)content(>]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-        instance_variable(@date) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(mail)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^Date:)char(\\s)content(+(.*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(out)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-         string<delimiter(")content(%-20.20s %-20.20s %-20.20s  %s)delimiter(")> operator(%) ident(line)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(hop_date)operator(()ident(day)operator(\))

-        ident(day)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%I:%M:%S %Y/%m/%d)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(puts_hops)

-        ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()instance_variable(@topline)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(')content(Start)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@start_from)operator(,) ident(hop_date)operator(()instance_variable(@date)operator(\))operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@head)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^Received:)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(hop)operator(|)

-            ident(hop)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(on (.*?\) (id.*\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(; )content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-            ident(whence) operator(=) ident(hop)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(;)char(\\s)content(+(.*\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-            reserved(unless) ident(whence)

-                ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(Bad received line: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(hop)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-                reserved(next)

-            reserved(end)

-            ident(from) operator(=) global_variable($+) reserved(if) ident(hop) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(from)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(+\)|)char(\\()content((.*?\))char(\\\))delimiter(/)>

-            ident(by)   operator(=) global_variable($1) reserved(if) ident(hop) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(by)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(+)char(\\.)char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>

-            reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(now) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(whence)operator(\))operator(.)ident(localtime)

-            ident(delta) operator(=) ident(now) operator(-) instance_variable(@date)

-            ident(puts) ident(out)operator(()operator([)ident(from)operator(,) ident(by)operator(,) ident(hop_date)operator(()ident(now)operator(\))operator(,) ident(hop_time)operator(()ident(delta)operator(\))operator(])operator(\))

-            instance_variable(@date) operator(=) ident(now)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(hop_time)operator(()ident(secs)operator(\))

-        ident(sign) operator(=) ident(secs) operator(<) integer(0) operator(?) operator(-)integer(1) operator(:) integer(1)

-        ident(days)operator(,) ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)operator(\))

-        ident(hours)operator(,)ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60) operator(*) integer(60)operator(\))

-        ident(mins)operator(,) ident(secs) operator(=) ident(secs)operator(.)ident(abs)operator(.)ident(divmod)operator(()integer(60)operator(\))

-        ident(rtn) operator(=)  string<delimiter(")content(%3ds)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(secs)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(])

-        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dm)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(mins)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(mins)  operator(!=) integer(0)

-        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dh)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(hours) operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(hours) operator(!=) integer(0)

-        ident(rtn) operator(<<) string<delimiter(")content(%3dd)delimiter(")> operator(%) operator([)ident(days)  operator(*) ident(sign)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(days)  operator(!=) integer(0)

-        ident(rtn)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-ident(mail) operator(=) constant(MailHopDelta)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\))operator(.)ident(puts_hops)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.0)

-ident(single_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(])

-

-comment(# Ruby directly supports nested arrays)

-ident(double_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(]) operator(])

-ident(still_single_level) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(this)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(that)delimiter(")>operator(,) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(the)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(other)delimiter(")> operator(]) operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.1)

-ident(a) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(quick)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(brown)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(fox)delimiter(")> operator(])

-ident(a) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Why are you teasing me?)delimiter(\))>

-

-ident(lines) operator(=) string<delimiter(<<"END_OF_HERE_DOC")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(*(.+\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))string<content(

-    The boy stood on the burning deck,

-    It was as hot as glass.)delimiter(

-END_OF_HERE_DOC)>

-

-ident(bigarray) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(mydatafile)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l)operator(.)ident(chomp) operator(})

-

-ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Gandalf)delimiter(")>

-ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(%Q()content(Speak, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content(, and welcome!)delimiter(\))>

-

-ident(host_info)  operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(host )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(his_host)delimiter(})>delimiter(`)>

-

-shell<delimiter(%x()content(ps )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($$)delimiter(})>delimiter(\))>

-

-ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Costs only $4.95)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(rax) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w!)content( ( \) < > { } [ ] )delimiter(!)>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.2)

-reserved(def) method(commify_series)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-    ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(0) operator(?) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(1) operator(?) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(2) operator(?) ident(a)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( and )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(..)operator(-)integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(, and )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(array) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(red)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(green)delimiter(")> operator(])

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(array)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles)

-

-comment(# But unlike Perl:)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(array)delimiter(})>content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(# -> I have redyellowgreen marbles)

-comment(# So, needs:)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I have )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(array)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( marbles)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(# -> I have red yellow green marbles)

-

-reserved(def) method(commify_series)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-    ident(sepchar) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(p)operator(|) ident(p) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(,)delimiter(/)> operator(}) operator(!=) operator([)operator(]) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(; )delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>

-    ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(0) operator(?) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(1) operator(?) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(2) operator(?) ident(a)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( and )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(:)

-        ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(..)operator(-)integer(2)operator(])operator(.)ident(join)operator(()ident(sepchar)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(sepchar) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content(and )delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(a)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.3)

-comment(#   (note: AFAIK Ruby doesn't allow gory change of Array length\))

-comment(# grow the array by assigning nil to past the end of array)

-ident(ary)operator([)ident(new_size)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-comment(# shrink the array by slicing it down)

-ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()ident(new_size)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

-comment(# init the array with given size)

-constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(number_of_elems)operator(\))

-comment(# assign to an element past the original end enlarges the array)

-ident(ary)operator([)ident(index_new_last_elem)operator(]) operator(=) ident(value)

-

-reserved(def) method(what_about_that_array)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(The array now has )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( elements.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-    comment(# Index of last element is not really interesting in Ruby)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Element #3 is `)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator([)integer(3)operator(])delimiter(})>content('.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(people) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Crosby Stills Nash Young)delimiter(\))>

-ident(what_about_that_array)operator(()ident(people)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.4)

-comment(# OO style)

-ident(bad_users)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(user)operator(|)

-    ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

-operator(})

-comment(# or, functional style)

-reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(bad_users)

-    ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(for) ident(var) reserved(in) constant(ENV)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)delimiter(})>content(=)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(ENV)operator([)ident(var)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(all_users)

-    ident(disk_space) operator(=) ident(get_usage)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

-    reserved(if) operator(()ident(disk_space) operator(>) constant(MAX_QUOTA)operator(\))

-        ident(complain)operator(()ident(user)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(who)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(readlines)

-    ident(print) ident(l) reserved(if) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^gc)delimiter(/)>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# we can mimic the obfuscated Perl way)

-reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)               comment(# $_ is set to the line just read)

-    ident(chomp)                   comment(# $_ has a trailing \\n removed, if it had one)

-    ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|)        comment(# $_ is split on whitespace)

-                            comment(# but $_ is not set to each chunk as in Perl)

-        ident(print) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-comment(# ...or use a cleaner way)

-reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(readlines)

-    ident(l)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(w)operator(|) ident(print) ident(w)operator(.)ident(reverse) operator(})

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# same drawback as in problem 1.4, we can't mutate a Numeric...)

-ident(array)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v) operator(-) integer(1) operator(})

-

-ident(a) operator(=) operator([) operator(.)integer(5)operator(,) integer(3) operator(])operator(;) ident(b) operator(=) operator([) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1) operator(])

-reserved(for) ident(ary) reserved(in) operator([) ident(a)operator(,) ident(b) operator(])

-    ident(ary)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v) operator(*) integer(7) operator(})

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(b)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# we can mutate Strings, cool; we need a trick for the scalar)

-reserved(for) ident(ary) reserved(in) operator([) operator([) ident(scalar) operator(])operator(,) ident(array)operator(,) ident(hash)operator(.)ident(values) operator(])

-    ident(ary)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(strip!) operator(})     comment(# String#strip rules :\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.5)

-comment(# not relevant in Ruby since we have always references)

-reserved(for) ident(item) reserved(in) ident(array)

-    comment(# do somethingh with item)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.6)

-ident(unique) operator(=) ident(list)operator(.)ident(uniq)

-

-comment(# generate a list of users logged in, removing duplicates)

-ident(users) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(;) global_variable($1) operator(})operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(uniq)

-ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(users logged in: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(commify_series)operator(()ident(users)operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# see 4.2 for commify_series)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.7)

-ident(a) operator(-) ident(b)

-comment(# [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5 ] - [ 1, 2, 4 ]  ->  [3, 5])

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.8)

-ident(union) operator(=) ident(a) operator(|) ident(b)

-ident(intersection) operator(=) ident(a) operator(&) ident(b)

-ident(difference) operator(=) ident(a) operator(-) ident(b)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.9)

-ident(array1)operator(.)ident(concat)operator(()ident(array2)operator(\))

-comment(# if you will assign to another object, better use:)

-ident(new_ary) operator(=) ident(array1) operator(+) ident(array2)

-

-ident(members) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Time)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Flies)delimiter(")> operator(])

-ident(initiates) operator(=)  operator([) string<delimiter(")content(An)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Arrow)delimiter(")> operator(])

-ident(members) operator(+=) ident(initiates)

-

-ident(members) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Time)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Flies)delimiter(")> operator(])

-ident(initiates) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(An)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Arrow)delimiter(")> operator(])

-ident(members)operator([)integer(2)operator(,)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) operator([) string<delimiter(")content(Like)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(initiates) operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten)

-

-ident(members)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Fruit)delimiter(")>

-ident(members)operator([)integer(3)operator(,)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(A)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Banana)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.10)

-ident(reversed) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(reverse)

-

-ident(ary)operator(.)ident(reverse_each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)

-    comment(# do something with e)

-operator(})

-

-ident(descending) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(reverse)

-ident(descending) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b) operator(<=>) ident(a) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.11)

-comment(# remove n elements from front of ary (shift n\))

-ident(front) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(n)operator(\))

-

-comment(# remove n elements from the end of ary (pop n\))

-ident(end_) operator(=) ident(ary)operator(.)ident(slice!)operator(()operator(-)ident(n) operator(..) operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

-

-comment(# let's extend the Array class, to make that useful)

-reserved(class) class(Array)

-    reserved(def) method(shift2)operator(()operator(\))

-        ident(slice!)operator(()integer(0) operator(..) integer(1)operator(\))     comment(# more symetric with pop2...)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(pop2)operator(()operator(\))

-        ident(slice!)operator(()operator(-)integer(2) operator(..) operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(friends) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Peter Paul Mary Jim Tim)delimiter(\))>

-ident(this)operator(,) ident(that) operator(=) ident(friends)operator(.)ident(shift2)

-

-ident(beverages) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(Dew Jolt Cola Sprite Fresca)delimiter(\))>

-ident(pair) operator(=) ident(beverages)operator(.)ident(pop2)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.12)

-comment(# use Enumerable#detect (or the synonym Enumerable#find\))

-ident(highest_eng) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(detect) operator({) operator(|)ident(emp)operator(|) ident(emp)operator(.)ident(category) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(engineer)delimiter(')> operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.13)

-comment(# use Enumerable#select (or the synonym Enumerable#find_all\))

-ident(bigs) operator(=) ident(nums)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i) operator(>) integer(1_000_000) operator(})

-ident(pigs) operator(=) ident(users)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|) ident(users)operator([)ident(k)operator(]) operator(>) float(1e7) operator(})

-

-ident(matching) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(u)operator(|) ident(u) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^gnat )delimiter(/)> operator(})

-

-ident(engineers) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator(.)ident(position) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(Engineer)delimiter(')> operator(})

-

-ident(secondary_assistance) operator(=) ident(applicants)operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(|)

-    ident(a)operator(.)ident(income) operator(>)operator(=) integer(26_000) operator(&&) ident(a)operator(.)ident(income) operator(<) integer(30_000)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.14)

-comment(# normally you would have an array of Numeric (Float or)

-comment(# Fixnum or Bignum\), so you would use:)

-ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort)

-comment(# if you have strings representing Integers or Floats)

-comment(# you may specify another sort method:)

-ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(})

-

-comment(# let's use the list of my own PID's)

-shell<delimiter(`)content(ps ux)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(..)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)

-    ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(USER)delimiter(')>operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(/)> operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(i)operator(.)ident(split)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(i) operator(})

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Select a process ID to kill:)delimiter(")>

-ident(pid) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Exiting ... )char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(pid) operator(&&) ident(pid) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(TERM)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

-ident(sleep) integer(2)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(KILL)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

-

-ident(descending) operator(=) ident(unsorted)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator(.)ident(to_f) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.15)

-ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(compare)operator(()ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(\)) operator(})

-

-ident(precomputed) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(compute)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})

-ident(ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(precomputed)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

-ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(ordered_precomputed)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-

-ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(unordered)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(compute)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-

-reserved(for) ident(employee) reserved(in) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(name) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(name) operator(})

-    ident(print) ident(employee)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( earns )char(\\$)content( )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(employee)operator(.)ident(salary)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# Beware! `0' is true in Ruby.)

-comment(# For chaining comparisons, you may use Numeric#nonzero?, which)

-comment(# returns num if num is not zero, nil otherwise)

-ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(employees)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(name) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(name)operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(b)operator(.)ident(age) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator(.)ident(age) operator(})

-

-ident(users) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-comment(# getpwent is not wrapped in Ruby... let's fallback)

-constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(u)operator(|) ident(users) operator(<<) ident(u)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(:)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(})

-ident(users)operator(.)ident(sort!) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

-reserved(for) ident(user) reserved(in) ident(users)

-    ident(puts) ident(user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(names)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-ident(sorted) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator(.)ident(length) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator(.)ident(length) operator(})

-

-comment(# let's show only the compact version)

-ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(e)operator(.)ident(length)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-

-ident(ordered) operator(=) ident(strings)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(e)operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(,) ident(e)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-

-ident(print) shell<delimiter(`)content(cat /etc/passwd)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) operator([)ident(e)operator(,) ident(e)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(:)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(indexes)operator(()integer(3)operator(,)integer(2)operator(,)integer(0)operator(\))operator(])operator(.)ident(flatten) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) operator(()ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) operator(()ident(a)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(nonzero?) operator(||) ident(a)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-    ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.16)

-ident(circular)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()ident(circular)operator(.)ident(pop)operator(\))        comment(# the last shall be first)

-ident(circular)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(circular)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))         comment(# and vice versa)

-

-reserved(def) method(grab_and_rotate)operator(()ident(l)operator(\))

-    ident(l)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(ret) operator(=) ident(l)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))

-    ident(ret)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(processes) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(])

-reserved(while) operator(()integer(1)operator(\))

-    ident(process) operator(=) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()ident(processes)operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Handling process )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(process)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    ident(sleep) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.17)

-reserved(def) method(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-    operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-        ident(j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(i)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\))

-        ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) reserved(if) ident(i) operator(!=) ident(j)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(naive_shuffle)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-    reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(...)ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)

-        ident(j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()ident(a)operator(.)ident(size)operator(\))

-        ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(]) operator(=) ident(a)operator([)ident(j)operator(])operator(,) ident(a)operator([)ident(i)operator(])

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.18)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/env ruby)

-comment(# example 4-2 words)

-comment(# words - gather lines, present in colums)

-

-comment(# class to encapsulate the word formatting from the input)

-reserved(class) class(WordFormatter)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(cols)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@cols) operator(=) ident(cols)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# helper to return the length of the longest word in the wordlist)

-    reserved(def) method(maxlen)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\))

-        ident(max) operator(=) integer(1)

-        reserved(for) ident(word) reserved(in) ident(wordlist)

-            reserved(if) ident(word)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) ident(max)

-                ident(max) operator(=) ident(word)operator(.)ident(length)

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(max)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# process the wordlist and print it formmated into columns)

-    reserved(def) method(output)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\))

-        ident(collen) operator(=) ident(maxlen)operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)

-        ident(columns) operator(=) instance_variable(@cols) operator(/) ident(collen)

-        ident(columns) operator(=) integer(1) reserved(if) ident(columns) operator(==) integer(0)

-        ident(rows) operator(=) operator(()ident(wordlist)operator(.)ident(length) operator(+) ident(columns) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(columns)

-        comment(# now process each item, picking out proper piece for this position)

-        integer(0)operator(.)ident(upto)operator(()ident(rows) operator(*) ident(columns) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(item)operator(|)

-            ident(target) operator(=) operator(()ident(item) operator(%) ident(columns)operator(\)) operator(*) ident(rows) operator(+) operator(()ident(item) operator(/) ident(columns)operator(\))

-            ident(eol) operator(=) operator(()operator(()ident(item)operator(+)integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) ident(columns) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\))

-            ident(piece) operator(=) ident(wordlist)operator([)ident(target)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-            ident(piece) operator(=) ident(piece)operator(.)ident(ljust)operator(()ident(collen)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(eol)

-            ident(print) ident(piece)

-            ident(puts) reserved(if) ident(eol)

-        operator(})

-        comment(# no need to finish it up, because eol is always true for the last element)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# get nr of chars that fit in window or console, see PLEAC 15.4)

-comment(# not portable -- linux only (?\))

-reserved(def) method(getWinCharWidth)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(buf) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\0)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(8)

-    global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(ioctl)operator(()integer(0x5413)operator(,) ident(buf)operator(\))

-    ident(ws_row)operator(,) ident(ws_col)operator(,) ident(ws_xpixel)operator(,) ident(ws_ypixel) operator(=) ident(buf)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content($4)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(ws_col) operator(||) integer(80)

-reserved(rescue)

-    integer(80)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# main program)

-ident(cols) operator(=) ident(getWinCharWidth)operator(()operator(\))

-ident(formatter) operator(=) constant(WordFormatter)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(cols)operator(\))

-ident(words) operator(=) ident(readlines)operator(()operator(\))

-ident(words)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-operator(})

-ident(formatter)operator(.)ident(output)operator(()ident(words)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.19)

-comment(# In ruby, Fixnum's are automatically converted to Bignum's when)

-comment(# needed, so there is no need for an extra module)

-reserved(def) method(factorial)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(s) operator(=) integer(1)

-    reserved(while) ident(n) operator(>) integer(0)

-        ident(s) operator(*=) ident(n)

-        ident(n) operator(-=) integer(1)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(s)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(puts) ident(factorial)operator(()integer(500)operator(\))

-

-comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

-comment(# Example 4-3. tsc-permute)

-comment(# tsc_permute: permute each word of input)

-reserved(def) method(permute)operator(()ident(items)operator(,) ident(perms)operator(\))

-    reserved(unless) ident(items)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)

-        ident(puts) ident(perms)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(else)

-        reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(items)

-            ident(newitems) operator(=) ident(items)operator(.)ident(dup)

-            ident(newperms) operator(=) ident(perms)operator(.)ident(dup)

-            ident(newperms)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()ident(newitems)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()ident(i)operator(\))operator(\))

-            ident(permute)operator(()ident(newitems)operator(,) ident(newperms)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions it is using)

-ident(permute)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(,) operator([)operator(])operator(\))

-

-comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

-comment(# mjd_permute: permute each word of input)

-

-reserved(def) method(factorial)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(s) operator(=) integer(1)

-    reserved(while) ident(n) operator(>) integer(0)

-        ident(s) operator(*=) ident(n)

-        ident(n) operator(-=) integer(1)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(s)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# we use a class with a class variable store the private cache)

-comment(# for the results of the factorial function.)

-reserved(class) class(Factorial)

-    class_variable(@@fact) operator(=) operator([) integer(1) operator(])

-    reserved(def) constant(Factorial)operator(.)ident(compute)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-        reserved(if) class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(])

-            class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(])

-        reserved(else)

-            class_variable(@@fact)operator([)ident(n)operator(]) operator(=) ident(n) operator(*) constant(Factorial)operator(.)ident(compute)operator(()ident(n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#---------------------------------------------------------)

-comment(# Example 4-4- mjd-permute)

-comment(# n2pat(n, len\): produce the N-th pattern of length len)

-

-comment(# We must use a lower case letter as parameter N, otherwise it is)

-comment(# handled as constant Length is the length of the resulting)

-comment(# array, not the index of the last element (length -1\) like in)

-comment(# the perl example.)

-reserved(def) method(n2pat)operator(()ident(n)operator(,) ident(length)operator(\))

-    ident(pat) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    ident(i) operator(=) integer(1)

-    reserved(while) ident(i) operator(<=) ident(length)

-        ident(pat)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(n) operator(%) ident(i)operator(\))

-        ident(n) regexp<delimiter(/)content(= i

-        i += 1

-    end

-    pat

-end

-

-# pat2perm(pat\): turn pattern returned by n2pat(\) into

-# permutation of integers.

-def pat2perm(pat\)

-    source = (0 .. pat.length - 1\).to_a

-    perm = []

-    perm.push(source.slice!(pat.pop\)\) while pat.length > 0

-    perm

-end

-

-def n2perm(n, len\)

-    pat2perm(n2pat(n,len\)\)

-end

-

-# In ruby the main program must be after all definitions

-while gets

-    data = split

-    # the perl solution has used $#data, which is length-1

-    num_permutations = Factorial.compute(data.length(\)\)

-    0.upto(num_permutations - 1\) do |i|

-        # in ruby we can not use an array as selector for an array

-        # but by exchanging the two arrays, we can use the collect method

-        # which returns an array with the result of all block invocations

-        permutation = n2perm(i, data.length\).collect {

-            |j| data[j]

-        }

-        puts permutation.join(" "\)

-    end

-end

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.0

-age = { "Nat",   24,

-        "Jules", 25,

-        "Josh",  17  }

-

-age["Nat"]   = 24

-age["Jules"] = 25

-age["Josh"]  = 17

-

-food_color = {

-    "Apple"  => "red",

-    "Banana" => "yellow",

-    "Lemon"  => "yellow",

-    "Carrot" => "orange"

-             }

-

-# In Ruby, you cannot avoid the double or simple quoting

-# while manipulatin hashes

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.1

-hash[key] = value

-

-food_color["Raspberry"] = "pink"

-puts "Known foods:", food_color.keys

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.2

-# does hash have a value for key ?

-if (hash.has_key?(key\)\)

-    # it exists

-else

-    # it doesn't

-end

-

-[ "Banana", "Martini" ].each { |name|

-    print name, " is a ", food_color.has_key?(name\) ? "food" : "drink", ")char(\\n)content("

-}

-

-age = {}

-age['Toddler'] = 3

-age['Unborn'] = 0

-age['Phantasm'] = nil

-

-for thing in ['Toddler', 'Unborn', 'Phantasm', 'Relic']

-    print ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(thing)delimiter(})>content(: "

-    print "Has-key " if age.has_key?(thing\)

-    print "True " if age[thing]

-    print "Nonzero " if age[thing] && age[thing].nonzero?

-    print ")char(\\n)content("

-end

-

-#=>

-# Toddler: Has-key True Nonzero

-# Unborn: Has-key True

-# Phantasm: Has-key

-# Relic:

-

-# You use Hash#has_key? when you use Perl's exists -> it checks

-# for existence of a key in a hash.

-# All Numeric are "True" in ruby, so the test doesn't have the

-# same semantics as in Perl; you would use Numeric#nonzero? to

-# achieve the same semantics (false if 0, true otherwise\).

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.3

-food_color.delete("Banana"\)

-

-

-# @@PLEAC@@_5.4

-hash.each { |key, value|

-    # do something with key and value

-}

-

-hash.each_key { |key|

-    # do something with key

-}

-

-food_color.each { |food, color|

-    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)delimiter(})>content("

-}

-

-food_color.each_key { |food|

-    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food_color)operator([)ident(food)operator(])delimiter(})>content("

-}

-

-# IMO this demonstrates that OO style is by far more readable

-food_color.keys.sort.each { |food|

-    puts ")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(food_color)operator([)ident(food)operator(])delimiter(})>content(."

-}

-

-#-----------------------------

-#!)delimiter(/)modifier(us)>ident(r)operator(/)ident(bin)operator(/)ident(ruby)

-comment(# countfrom - count number of messages from each sender)

-

-comment(# Default value is 0)

-ident(from) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From: (.*\))delimiter(/)> reserved(and) ident(from)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(+=) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# More useful to sort by number of received mail by person)

-ident(from)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({)operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(<=>)ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.5)

-comment(# You may use the built-in 'inspect' method this way:)

-ident(p) ident(hash)

-

-comment(# Or do it the Cookbook way:)

-ident(hash)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(v)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

-

-comment(# Sorted by keys)

-ident(hash)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

-comment(# Sorted by values)

-ident(hash)operator(.)ident(sort)operator({)operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(<=>)ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( => )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.7)

-ident(ttys) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>

-    ident(user)operator(,) ident(tty) operator(=) ident(i)operator(.)ident(split)

-    operator(()ident(ttys)operator([)ident(user)operator(]) operator(||=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(tty)               comment(# see problems_ruby for more infos)

-reserved(end)

-ident(ttys)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(commify_series)operator(()ident(ttys)operator([)ident(k)operator(])operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# from 4.2)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.8)

-ident(surname) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Mickey)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(Mantle)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Babe)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(Ruth)delimiter(")> operator(})

-ident(puts) ident(surname)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Mantle)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(# If you really needed to 'invert' the whole hash, use Hash#invert)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# foodfind - find match for food or color)

-

-ident(given) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift) reserved(or) ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: foodfind food_or_color)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(color) operator(=) operator({)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Apple)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(red)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Banana)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Lemon)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Carrot)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(orange)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-operator(})

-

-reserved(if) operator(()ident(color)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(given)delimiter(})>content( is a food with color )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)operator([)ident(given)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-reserved(if) operator(()ident(color)operator(.)ident(has_value?)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)operator(.)ident(index)operator(()ident(given)operator(\))delimiter(})>content( is a food with color )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(given)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.9)

-comment(# Sorted by keys (Hash#sort gives an Array of pairs made of each key,value\))

-ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-comment(# Sorted by values)

-ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-comment(# Sorted by length of values)

-ident(food_color)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(f)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.10)

-ident(merged) operator(=) ident(a)operator(.)ident(clone)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(b)operator(\))        comment(# because Hash#update changes object in place)

-

-ident(drink_color) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Galliano)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(yellow)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Mai Tai)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(blue)delimiter(")> operator(})

-ident(ingested_color) operator(=) ident(drink_color)operator(.)ident(clone)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(food_color)operator(\))

-

-ident(substance_color) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) operator([) ident(food_color)operator(,) ident(drink_color) operator(])

-    ident(i)operator(.)ident(each_key) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(|)

-        reserved(if) ident(substance_color)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(k)operator(\))

-            ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Warning: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(k)delimiter(})>content( seen twice.  Using the first definition.)delimiter(")>

-            reserved(next)

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(substance_color)operator([)ident(k)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.11)

-ident(common) operator(=) ident(hash1)operator(.)ident(keys) operator(&) ident(hash2)operator(.)ident(keys)

-

-ident(this_not_that) operator(=) ident(hash1)operator(.)ident(keys) operator(-) ident(hash2)operator(.)ident(keys)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.12)

-comment(# no problem here, Ruby handles any kind of object for key-ing)

-comment(# (it takes Object#hash, which defaults to Object#id\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.13)

-comment(# AFAIK, not possible in Ruby)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.14)

-comment(# Be careful, the following is possible only because Fixnum objects are)

-comment(# special (documentation says: there is effectively only one Fixnum object)

-comment(# instance for any given integer value\).)

-ident(count) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-ident(array)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)

-    ident(count)operator([)ident(e)operator(]) operator(+=) integer(1)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.15)

-ident(father) operator(=) operator({)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Cain)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Abel)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Seth)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Adam)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Enoch)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Cain)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Irad)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Enoch)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Mehujael)delimiter(")>  operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Irad)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Methusael)delimiter(")> operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Mehujael)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>    operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Methusael)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Jabal)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Jubal)delimiter(")>     operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Tubalcain)delimiter(")> operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Lamech)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")content(Enos)delimiter(")>      operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Seth)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-operator(})

-

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    ident(chomp)

-    reserved(begin)

-        ident(print) global_variable($_)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end) reserved(while) global_variable($_) operator(=) ident(father)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(])

-    ident(puts)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(children) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-ident(father)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

-    operator(()ident(children)operator([)ident(v)operator(]) operator(||=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(k)

-operator(})

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    ident(chomp)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>content( begat )inline<delimiter(#{)operator(()ident(children)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(]) operator(||) operator([)string<delimiter(')content(Nobody)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(, )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(includes) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-ident(files)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    reserved(begin)

-        reserved(for) ident(l) reserved(in) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

-            reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(l) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(*#)char(\\s)content(*include)char(\\s)content(*<([^>]+\)>)delimiter(/)>

-            operator(()ident(includes)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(||=) operator([)operator(])operator(\)) operator(<<) ident(f)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(rescue) constant(SystemCallError)

-        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($!)content( (skipping\))delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-ident(include_free) operator(=) ident(includes)operator(.)ident(values)operator(.)ident(flatten)operator(.)ident(uniq) operator(-) ident(includes)operator(.)ident(keys)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_5.16)

-comment(# dutree - print sorted intented rendition of du output)

-comment(#% dutree)

-comment(#% dutree /usr)

-comment(#% dutree -a)

-comment(#% dutree -a /bin)

-

-comment(# The DuNode class collects all information about a directory,)

-comment(# and provides some convenience methods)

-reserved(class) class(DuNode)

-

-    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:name)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:size)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:kids)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(name)

-        instance_variable(@kids) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-        instance_variable(@size) operator(=) integer(0)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# support for sorting nodes with side)

-    reserved(def) method(size_compare)operator(()ident(node2)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@size) operator(<=>) ident(node2)operator(.)ident(size)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(basename)

-        instance_variable(@name)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.*)char(\\/)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(#returns substring before last "/", nil if not there)

-    reserved(def) method(parent)

-        ident(p) operator(=) instance_variable(@name)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\/)content([^)char(\\/)content(]+$)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        reserved(if) ident(p) operator(==) instance_variable(@name)

-            pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(p)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# The DuTree does the acdtual work of)

-comment(# getting the input, parsing it, builging up a tree)

-comment(# and format it for output)

-reserved(class) class(Dutree)

-

-    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:topdir)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        instance_variable(@nodes) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)

-        instance_variable(@dirsizes) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@kids) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()operator([)operator(])operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# get a node by name, create it if it does not exist yet)

-    reserved(def) method(get_create_node)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-        reserved(if) instance_variable(@nodes)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-            instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(])

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(node) operator(=) constant(DuNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-            instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(]) operator(=) ident(node)

-            ident(node)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# run du, read in input, save sizes and kids)

-    comment(# stores last directory read in instance variable topdir)

-    reserved(def) method(input)operator(()ident(arguments)operator(\))

-        ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-        ident(cmd) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(du )delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(arguments)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()ident(cmd)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(pipe)operator(|)

-            ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-                ident(size)operator(,) ident(name) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))

-                ident(node) operator(=) ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-                ident(node)operator(.)ident(size) operator(=) ident(size)operator(.)ident(to_i)

-                instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(]) operator(=) ident(node)

-                ident(parent) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(parent)

-                reserved(if) ident(parent)

-                    ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(parent)operator(\))operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(node)operator(\))

-                reserved(end)

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-        instance_variable(@topdir) operator(=) instance_variable(@nodes)operator([)ident(name)operator(])

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# figure out how much is taken in each directory)

-    comment(# that isn't stored in the subdirectories. Add a new)

-    comment(# fake kid called "." containing that much.)

-    reserved(def) method(get_dots)operator(()ident(node)operator(\))

-        ident(cursize) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size)

-        reserved(for) ident(kid) reserved(in) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)

-            ident(cursize) operator(-=)  ident(kid)operator(.)ident(size)

-            ident(get_dots)operator(()ident(kid)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-        reserved(if) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size) operator(!=) ident(cursize)

-            ident(newnode) operator(=) ident(get_create_node)operator(()ident(node)operator(.)ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(/.)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-            ident(newnode)operator(.)ident(size) operator(=) ident(cursize)

-            ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(newnode)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# recursively output everything)

-    comment(# passing padding and number width as well)

-    comment(# on recursive calls)

-    reserved(def) method(output)operator(()ident(node)operator(,) ident(prefix)operator(=)string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(width)operator(=)integer(0)operator(\))

-        ident(line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(width)delimiter(})>content(d %s)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(node)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) ident(node)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(\))

-        ident(puts)operator(()ident(prefix) operator(+) ident(line)operator(\))

-        ident(prefix) operator(+=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content( )delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(| )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        ident(prefix)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content([^|])delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        reserved(if) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)     comment(# not a bachelor node)

-            ident(kids) operator(=) ident(node)operator(.)ident(kids)

-            ident(kids)operator(.)ident(sort!) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|)

-                ident(b)operator(.)ident(size_compare)operator(()ident(a)operator(\))

-            operator(})

-            ident(width) operator(=) ident(kids)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(size)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(.)ident(length)

-            reserved(for) ident(kid) reserved(in) ident(kids)

-                ident(output)operator(()ident(kid)operator(,) ident(prefix)operator(,) ident(width)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(tree) operator(=) constant(Dutree)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(tree)operator(.)ident(input)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(\))

-ident(tree)operator(.)ident(get_dots)operator(()ident(tree)operator(.)ident(topdir)operator(\))

-ident(tree)operator(.)ident(output)operator(()ident(tree)operator(.)ident(topdir)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.0)

-comment(# The verbose version are match, sub, gsub, sub! and gsub!;)

-comment(# pattern needs to be a Regexp object; it yields a MatchData)

-comment(# object.)

-ident(pattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(string)operator(\))

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,) ident(replacement)operator(\))

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,) ident(replacement)operator(\))

-comment(# As usual in Ruby, sub! does the same as sub but also modifies)

-comment(# the object, the same for gsub!/gsub.)

-

-comment(# Sugared syntax yields the position of the match (or nil if no)

-comment(# match\). Note that the object at the right of the operator needs)

-comment(# not to be a Regexp object (it can be a String\). The "dont)

-comment(# match" operator yields true or false.)

-ident(meadow) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(sheep)delimiter(/)>   comment(# position of the match, nil if no match)

-ident(meadow) operator(!)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(sheep)delimiter(/)>   comment(# true if doesn't match, false if it does)

-comment(# There is no sugared version for the substitution)

-

-ident(meadow) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(ovines?)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)> reserved(and) ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Here be sheep!)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(good food)delimiter(")>

-ident(string)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(o*)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(e)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-comment(# % echo ababacaca | ruby -ne 'puts $& if /(a|ba|b\)+(a|ac\)+/')

-comment(# ababa)

-

-comment(# The "global" (or "multiple"\) match is handled by String#scan)

-ident(scan) operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found number )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-comment(# String#scan yields an Array if not used with a block)

-ident(numbers) operator(=) ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-

-ident(digits) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(123456789)delimiter(")>

-ident(nonlap) operator(=) ident(digits)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(yeslap) operator(=) ident(digits)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((?=()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\)\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Non-overlapping:  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(nonlap)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Overlapping:      )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(yeslap)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(;)

-comment(# Non-overlapping:  123 456 789)

-comment(# Overlapping:      123 234 345 456 567 678 789)

-

-ident(string) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(And little lambs eat ivy)delimiter(")>

-ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(l[^s]*s)delimiter(/)>

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(()escape(#)global_variable($`)content(\) ()escape(#)global_variable($&)content(\) ()escape(#)global_variable($')content(\))delimiter(")>

-comment(# (And \) (little lambs\) ( eat ivy\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.1)

-comment(# Ruby doesn't have the same problem:)

-ident(dst) operator(=) ident(src)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(this)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(that)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(progname) operator(=) global_variable($0)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(^.*/)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(bindirs) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(/usr/bin /bin /usr/local/bin)delimiter(\))>

-ident(libdirs) operator(=) ident(bindirs)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(l)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(bin)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(lib)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.3)

-regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\S)content(+)delimiter(/)>               comment(# as many non-whitespace bytes as possible)

-regexp<delimiter(/)content([A-Za-z'-]+)delimiter(/)>       comment(# as many letters, apostrophes, and hyphens)

-

-regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(([A-Za-z]+\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)>   comment(# usually best)

-regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(([A-Za-z]+\))char(\\s)delimiter(/)>   comment(# fails at ends or w/ punctuation)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.4)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org and www.rubygarden.org)delimiter(')>

-ident(re) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

-      (               # capture the hostname in $1

-        (?:           # these parens for grouping only

-          (?! [-_] \)  # lookahead for neither underscore nor dash

-          [)char(\\w)content(-] +     # hostname component

-          )char(\\.)content(          # and the domain dot

-        \) +           # now repeat that whole thing a bunch of times

-        [A-Za-z]      # next must be a letter

-        [)char(\\w)content(-] +       # now trailing domain part

-      \)               # end of $1 capture

-     )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>               comment(# /x for nice formatting)

-

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!) ident(re) reserved(do)       comment(# pass a block to execute replacement)

-    ident(host) operator(=) constant(TCPsocket)operator(.)ident(gethostbyname)operator(()global_variable($1)operator(\))

-    string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(host)operator([)integer(3)operator(])delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(puts) ident(str)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# to match whitespace or #-characters in an extended re you need to escape)

-comment(# them.)

-

-ident(foo) operator(=) integer(42)

-ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(blah #foo# blah)delimiter(')>

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(       # replace

-              )char(\\#)content(    #   a pound sign

-              ()char(\\w)content(+\) #   the variable name

-              )char(\\#)content(    #   another pound sign

-          )delimiter(/)modifier(x)> reserved(do)

-              ident(eval) global_variable($1)           comment(# with the value of a local variable)

-          reserved(end)

-ident(puts) ident(str)  comment(# => blah 42 blah)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.5)

-comment(# The 'g' modifier doesn't exist in Ruby, a regexp can't be used)

-comment(# directly in a while loop; instead, use String#scan { |match| .. })

-ident(fish) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

-constant(WANT) operator(=) integer(3)

-ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(fish)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\)) operator({)

-    reserved(if) operator(()ident(count) operator(+=) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) constant(WANT)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish is a )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( one.)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-reserved(if) ident(fish) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content((?:)char(\\w)content(+)char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\s)content(+\){2}()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish is a )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content( one.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

-comment(# String#scan without a block gives an array of matches, each match)

-comment(# being an array of all the specified groups)

-ident(colors) operator(=) ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)  comment(# get all matches)

-ident(color)  operator(=) ident(colors)operator([)integer(2)operator(])                          comment(# then the one we want)

-comment(# or without a temporary array)

-ident(color) operator(=) ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)operator([)integer(2)operator(])  comment(# just grab element 3)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The third fish in the pond is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(color)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(fishes) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish)delimiter(')>

-ident(evens) operator(=) ident(fishes)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(select) operator({) operator(()ident(count)operator(+=)integer(1)operator(\)) operator(%) integer(2) operator(==) integer(0) operator(})

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Even numbered fish are )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(evens)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(fishes)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(

-   )char(\\b)content(               # makes next )char(\\w)content( more efficient

-   ( )char(\\w)content(+ \)          # this is what we)char(\\')content(ll be changing

-   (

-     )char(\\s)content(+ fish )char(\\b)content(

-   \)

-            )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>operator(\)) operator({)

-    reserved(if) operator(()ident(count) operator(+=) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(4)

-        string<delimiter(')content(sushi)delimiter(')> operator(+) global_variable($2)

-    reserved(else)

-        global_variable($1) operator(+) global_variable($2)

-    reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.)delimiter(')>

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Last fish is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pond)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(+fish)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(flatten)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-regexp<delimiter(/)content(

-    A               # find some pattern A

-    (?!             # mustn)char(\\')content(t be able to find

-        .*          # something

-        A           # and A

-    \)

-    $               # through the end of the string

-)delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

-

-comment(# The "s" perl modifier is "m" in Ruby (not very nice since there is)

-comment(# also an "m" in perl..\))

-ident(pond) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(One fish two fish red fish blue fish swim here.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(if) operator(()ident(pond) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

-                    )char(\\b)content(  (  )char(\\w)content(+\) )char(\\s)content(+ fish )char(\\b)content(

-                (?! .* )char(\\b)content( fish )char(\\b)content( \)

-            )delimiter(/)modifier(mix)>operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Last fish is )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(else)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Failed!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.6)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# killtags - very bad html killer)

-global_variable($/) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(;)                              comment(# each read is whole file)

-reserved(while) ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-    ident(file)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*?>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(;)           comment(# strip tags (terribly\))

-    ident(puts) ident(file)                          comment(# print file to STDOUT)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(#headerfy - change certain chapter headers to html)

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

-reserved(while) ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-    ident(pattern) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(

-                  )char(\\A)content(                   # start of record

-                  (                    # capture in $1

-                      Chapter          # text string

-                      )char(\\s)content(+              # mandatory whitespace

-                      )char(\\d)content(+              # decimal number

-                      )char(\\s)content(*              # optional whitespace

-                      :                # a real colon

-                      . *              # anything not a newline till end of line

-                  \)

-               )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

-    ident(puts) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(<H1>)content(\\1)content(</H1>)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% ruby -00pe "gsub!(/\\A(Chapter\\s+\\d+\\s*:.*\)/,'<H1>\\1</H1>'\)" datafile)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

-    ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)operator(\))

-    reserved(while) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do)             comment(# each read is a paragraph)

-        ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(chunk )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($.)delimiter(})>content( in $ARGV has <<)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(>>)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(while) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^START(.*?\)^END)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-    reserved(end)                                comment(# /m activates the multiline mode)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.7)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($/) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(;)

-ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(chunks) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# .Ch, .Se and .Ss divide chunks of STDIN)

-ident(chunks) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()pre_constant(nil)operator(\))operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)content((Ch|Se|Ss\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I read )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(chunks)operator(.)ident(size)delimiter(})>content( chunks.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.8)

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(BEGIN)delimiter(/)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(END)delimiter(/)>

-        comment(# line falls between BEGIN and END inclusive)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(firstnum)operator(\)) operator(..) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(lastnum)operator(\))

-        comment(# operate between firstnum and lastnum line number)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# in ruby versions prior to 1.8, the above two conditional)

-comment(# expressions could be shortened to:)

-comment(#     if /BEGIN/ .. /END/)

-comment(# and)

-comment(#     if firstnum .. lastnum)

-comment(# but these now only work this way from the command line)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(BEGIN)delimiter(/)> operator(...) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(END)delimiter(/)>

-        comment(# line falls between BEGIN and END on different lines)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(first)operator(\)) operator(...) operator(()global_variable($.) operator(==) ident(last)operator(\))

-        comment(# operate between first and last line number on different lines)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# command-line to print lines 15 through 17 inclusive (see below\))

-ident(ruby) operator(-)ident(ne) string<delimiter(')content(print if 15 .. 17)delimiter(')> ident(datafile)

-

-comment(# print out all <XMP> .. </XMP> displays from HTML doc)

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(<XMP>)delimiter(#)modifier(i)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(</XMP>)delimiter(#)modifier(i)>operator(;)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# same, but as shell command)

-comment(# ruby -ne 'print if %r#<XMP>#i .. %r#</XMP>#i' document.html)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \\)

-comment(#     print if $top .. $bottom' /etc/passwd                 #  FAILS)

-comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $top=3; $bottom=5 }; \\)

-comment(#     print if $. == $top .. $. ==  $bottom' /etc/passwd    # works)

-comment(# ruby -ne 'print if 3 .. 5' /etc/passwd                    # also works)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(begin)delimiter(/)> operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(end)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

-ident(print) reserved(if) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(begin)delimiter(/)> operator(...) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(end)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    global_variable($in_header) operator(=) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(1)  operator(..) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)> operator(?) pre_constant(true) operator(:) pre_constant(false)

-    global_variable($in_body)   operator(=) operator(~)regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)> operator(..) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(eof) operator(?) pre_constant(true) operator(:) pre_constant(false)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(seen) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From:?)char(\\s)delimiter(/)modifier(i)> operator(..) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^$)delimiter(/)>operator(;)

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(([^<>(\),;)char(\\s)content(]+)char(\\@)content([^<>(\),;)char(\\s)content(]+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(addr)operator(|)

-        ident(puts) ident(addr) reserved(unless) ident(seen)operator([)ident(addr)operator(])

-        ident(seen)operator([)ident(addr)operator(]) operator(||=) integer(1)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.9)

-reserved(def) method(glob2pat)operator(()ident(globstr)operator(\))

-    ident(patmap) operator(=) operator({)

-        string<delimiter(')content(*)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(.*)delimiter(')>operator(,)

-        string<delimiter(')content(?)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(.)delimiter(')>operator(,)

-        string<delimiter(')content([)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content([)delimiter(')>operator(,)

-        string<delimiter(')content(])delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(])delimiter(')>operator(,)

-    operator(})

-    ident(globstr)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((.\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|) ident(patmap)operator([)ident(c)operator(]) operator(||) constant(Regexp)operator(::)ident(escape)operator(()ident(c)operator(\)) operator(})

-    string<delimiter(')content(^)delimiter(')> operator(+) ident(globstr) operator(+) string<delimiter(')content($)delimiter(')>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.10)

-comment(# avoid interpolating patterns like this if the pattern)

-comment(# isn't going to change:)

-ident(pattern) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pattern)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# the above creates a new regex each iteration. Instead,)

-comment(# use the /o modifier so the regex is compiled only once)

-

-ident(pattern) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pattern)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)modifier(o)>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# popgrep1 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

-comment(# version 1: slow but obvious way)

-ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

-        reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\b)delimiter(/)>

-            ident(print) ident(line)

-            ident(last)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# popgrep2 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

-comment(# version 2: eval strings; fast but hard to quote)

-ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

-ident(code) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ARGF.each do |line|)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

-    ident(code) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")char(\\t)content(if line =~ /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/; print(line\); next; end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(code) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")content(end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(CODE IS)char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(code)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(false) comment(# turn on for debugging)

-ident(eval) ident(code)

-

-comment(# CODE IS)

-comment(# ---)

-comment(# ARGF.each do |line|)

-comment(#         if line =~ /\\bCO\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

-comment(#         if line =~ /\\bON\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

-comment(#         if line =~ /\\bMI\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

-comment(#         if line =~ /\\bWI\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

-comment(#         if line =~ /\\bMN\\b/; print(line\); next; end)

-comment(# end)

-comment(#)

-comment(# ---)

-

-comment(## alternatively, the same idea as above but compiling)

-comment(## to a case statement: (not in perlcookbook\))

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# popgrep2.5 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

-comment(# version 2.5: eval strings; fast but hard to quote)

-ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

-ident(code) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(ARGF.each do |line|)char(\\n)content(    case line)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state)operator(|)

-    ident(code) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")content(        when /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(state)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/ : print line)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(code) operator(+=) string<delimiter(")content(    end)char(\\n)content(end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(CODE IS)char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(code)delimiter(})>char(\\n)content(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(false) comment(# turn on for debugging)

-ident(eval) ident(code)

-

-comment(# CODE IS)

-comment(# ---)

-comment(# ARGF.each do |line|)

-comment(#     case line)

-comment(#         when /\\bCO\\b/ : print line)

-comment(#         when /\\bON\\b/ : print line)

-comment(#         when /\\bMI\\b/ : print line)

-comment(#         when /\\bWI\\b/ : print line)

-comment(#         when /\\bMN\\b/ : print line)

-comment(#     end)

-comment(# end)

-comment(#)

-comment(# ---)

-

-comment(# Note: (above\) Ruby 1.8+ allows the 'when EXP : EXPR' on one line)

-comment(# with the colon separator.)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# popgrep3 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

-comment(# version3: build a match_any function)

-ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

-ident(expr) operator(=) ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)string<delimiter(")content(line =~ /)char(\\\\)content(b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)delimiter(})>char(\\\\)content(b/)delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(||)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_any(line\); )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(expr)delimiter(})>content(;end)delimiter(")>

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(match_any)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-comment(##  building a match_all function is a trivial)

-comment(##  substitution of && for ||)

-comment(##  here is a generalized example:)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(## grepauth - print lines that mention both foo and bar)

-reserved(class) class(MultiMatch)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()operator(*)ident(patterns)operator(\))

-        ident(_any) operator(=) ident(build_match)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(||)delimiter(')>operator(,)ident(patterns)operator(\))

-        ident(_all) operator(=) ident(build_match)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(&&)delimiter(')>operator(,)ident(patterns)operator(\))

-        ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_any(line\);)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(_any)delimiter(})>content(;end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-        ident(eval) string<delimiter(")content(def match_all(line\);)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(_all)delimiter(})>content(;end)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-      reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(build_match)operator(()ident(sym)operator(,)ident(args)operator(\))

-        ident(args)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(e)operator(|)string<delimiter(")content(line =~ /)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)delimiter(})>content(/)delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()ident(sym)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(mm) operator(=) constant(MultiMatch)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(mm)operator(.)ident(match_all)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# popgrep4 - grep for abbreviations of places that say "pop")

-comment(# version4: pretty fast, but simple: compile all re's first:)

-ident(popstates) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(CO ON MI WI MN)delimiter(\))>

-ident(popstates) operator(=) ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(re)operator(|) regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\b)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(re)delimiter(})>char(\\b)delimiter(/)>operator(})

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(popstates)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(state_re)operator(|)

-        reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) ident(state_re)

-            ident(print) ident(line)

-            reserved(break)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(## speeds trials on the jargon file(412\): 26006 lines, 1.3MB)

-comment(## popgrep1   => 7.040s)

-comment(## popgrep2   => 0.656s)

-comment(## popgrep2.5 => 0.633s)

-comment(## popgrep3   => 0.675s)

-comment(## popgrep4   => 1.027s)

-

-comment(# unless speed is criticial, the technique in popgrep4 is a)

-comment(# reasonable balance between speed and logical simplicity.)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.11)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Pattern? )delimiter(")>

-    ident(pat) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-    constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(pat)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(Invalid Pattern)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(retry)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.13)

-comment(# uses the 'amatch' extension found on:)

-comment(# http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/amatch/)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(amatch)delimiter(')>

-ident(matcher) operator(=) constant(Amatch)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(balast)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#$relative, $distance = 0, 1)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/usr/share/dict/words)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each_line) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(matcher)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(line)operator(\)) operator(<=) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-comment(__END__

-)comment(#CODE)

-ident(ballast)

-ident(ballasts)

-ident(balustrade)

-ident(balustrades)

-ident(blast)

-ident(blasted)

-ident(blaster)

-ident(blasters)

-ident(blasting)

-ident(blasts)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.14)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content(()char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(token)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(found )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(token)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(n) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(   49 here)delimiter(")>

-ident(n)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content( )delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(0)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(puts) ident(n)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(3,4,5,9,120)delimiter(")>

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\G)content(,?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(num)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found number: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(num)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Ruby doesn't have the String.pos or a /c re modifier like Perl)

-comment(# But it does have StringScanner in the standard library (strscn\))

-comment(# which allows similar functionality:)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(strscan)delimiter(')>

-ident(text) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(the year 1752 lost 10 days on the 3rd of September)delimiter(')>

-ident(sc) operator(=) constant(StringScanner)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(text)operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(sc)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(.*?()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(found: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator([)integer(1)operator(])delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-reserved(if) ident(sc)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\S)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Found )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>content( after last number)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# assuming continuing from above:)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The position in 'text' is: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(30)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The position in 'text' is: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sc)operator(.)ident(pos)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.15)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# greedy pattern)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# not good)

-

-comment(# non-greedy (minimal\) pattern)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(<.*?>)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# not great)

-

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#<b><i>this</i> and <i>that</i> are important</b> Oh, <b><i>me too!</i></b>)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(.*?\)</i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(BEGIN((?:(?!BEGIN\).\)*\)END)delimiter(/)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(  (?: (?!</b>|</i>\). \)*  \) </i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r{)content( <b><i>(  (?: (?!</[ib]>\). \)*  \) </i></b> )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-    <b><i>

-    [^<]*  # stuff not possibly bad, and not possibly the end.

-    (?:

- # at this point, we can have '<' if not part of something bad

-     (?!  </?[ib]>  \)   # what we can't have

-     <                  # okay, so match the '<'

-     [^<]*              # and continue with more safe stuff

-    \) *

-    </i></b>

- )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.16)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

-    ident(para)operator(.)ident(scan) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(

-                  )char(\\b)content(     # start at word boundary

-                  ()char(\\S)content(+\)  # find chunk of non-whitespace

-                  )char(\\b)content(     # until a word boundary

-                  (

-                    )char(\\s)content(+  # followed by whitespace

-                    )char(\\1)content(   # and that same chunk again

-                    )char(\\b)content(   # and a word boundary

-                  \) +    # one or more times

-                )delimiter(/)modifier(xi)> reserved(do)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dup word ')inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(' at paragraph )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($.)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(astr) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(nobody)delimiter(')>

-ident(bstr) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(bodysnatcher)delimiter(')>

-reserved(if) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(astr)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(bstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\w)content(+\)()char(\\w)content(+\) )char(\\2)content(()char(\\w)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($2)delimiter(})>content( overlaps in )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(-)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($2)delimiter(})>content(-)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($3)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# prime_pattern -- find prime factors of argument using patterns)

-pre_constant(ARGV) operator(<<) integer(180)

-ident(cap) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-reserved(while) ident(cap) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(oo+?\))char(\\1)content(+$)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(print) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-    ident(cap)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) ident(cap)operator(.)ident(size)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#diophantine)

-comment(# solve for 12x + 15y + 16z = 281, maximizing x)

-reserved(if) operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o*\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-    ident(x)operator(,) ident(y)operator(,) ident(z) operator(=) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) global_variable($2)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,) global_variable($3)operator(.)ident(size)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(One solution is: x=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content(; y=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content(; z=)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(else)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No solution.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# using different quantifiers:)

-operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o+\))char(\\1)content({11}(o+\))char(\\2)content({14}(o+\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#    => One solution is: x=17; y=3; z=2)

-

-operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o*?\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#    => One solution is: x=0; y=7; z=11)

-

-operator(()string<delimiter(')content(o)delimiter(')> operator(*) integer(281)operator(\))operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(o+?\))char(\\1)content({11}(o*\))char(\\2)content({14}(o*\))char(\\3)content({15}$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#    => One solution is: x=1; y=3; z=14)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.17)

-comment(# alpha OR beta)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(alpha|beta)delimiter(/)>

-

-comment(# alpha AND beta)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content((?=.*alpha\)(?=.*beta\))delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-

-comment(# alpha AND beta,  no overlap)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(alpha.*beta|beta.*alpha)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-

-comment(# NOT beta)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^(?:(?!beta\).\)*$)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-

-comment(# NOT bad BUT good)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content((?=(?:(?!BAD\).\)*$\)GOOD)delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-reserved(if) operator(!)operator(()ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>operator(\))   comment(# ugly)

-    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(if) ident(string) operator(!)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pattern)delimiter(/)>   comment(# preferred)

-    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat1)delimiter(/)>  operator(&&) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat2)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(if) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat1)delimiter(/)> operator(||) ident(string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(pat2)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(something)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# minigrep - trivial grep)

-ident(pat) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pat)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)modifier(o)>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

- string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(?=.*bell\)(?=.*lab\))delimiter(/)modifier(m)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(bell)delimiter(/)> operator(&&) global_variable($string) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(lab)delimiter(/)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($murray_hill) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(blah bell blah )delimiter(")>

-reserved(if) global_variable($murray_hill) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-                         ^              # start of string

-                        (?=             # zero-width lookahead

-                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

-                            bell        # the desired bell string

-                        \)               # rewind, since we were only looking

-                        (?=             # and do the same thing

-                            .*          # any amount of intervening stuff

-                            lab         # and the lab part

-                        \)

-                     )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                comment(# /m means . can match newline)

-

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Looks like Bell Labs might be in Murray Hill!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content((?:^.*bell.*lab\)|(?:^.*lab.*bell\))delimiter(/)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($brand) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(labelled)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(if) global_variable($brand) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

-                      bell          # look for a bell

-                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

-                      lab           # look for a lab

-                  \)                 # end grouper

-            |                       # otherwise, try the other direction

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    ^ .*?           # any amount of stuff at the front

-                      lab           # look for a lab

-                      .*?           # followed by any amount of anything

-                      bell          # followed by a bell

-                  \)                 # end grouper

-            )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                     comment(# /m means . can match newline)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Our brand has bell and lab separate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($map) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^(?:(?!waldo\).\)*$)delimiter(/)modifier(s)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($map) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(the great baldo)delimiter(")>

-reserved(if) global_variable($map) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-                ^                   # start of string

-                (?:                 # non-capturing grouper

-                    (?!             # look ahead negation

-                        waldo       # is he ahead of us now?

-                    \)               # is so, the negation failed

-                    .               # any character (cuzza /s\)

-                \) *                 # repeat that grouping 0 or more

-                $                   # through the end of the string

-             )delimiter(})modifier(mx)>                    comment(# /m means . can match newline)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(There's no waldo here!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(end)

-comment(=begin

- 7:15am  up 206 days, 13:30,  4 users,  load average: 1.04, 1.07, 1.04

-

-USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE   JCPU   PCPU  WHAT

-

-tchrist  tty1                       5:16pm 36days 24:43   0.03s  xinit

-

-tchrist  tty2                       5:19pm  6days  0.43s  0.43s  -tcsh

-

-tchrist  ttyp0    chthon            7:58am  3days 23.44s  0.44s  -tcsh

-

-gnat     ttyS4    coprolith         2:01pm 13:36m  0.30s  0.30s  -tcsh

-=end)

-comment(#% w | minigrep '^(?!.*ttyp\).*tchrist')

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-    ^                       # anchored to the start

-    (?!                     # zero-width look-ahead assertion

-        .*                  # any amount of anything (faster than .*?\)

-        ttyp                # the string you don't want to find

-    \)                       # end look-ahead negation; rewind to start

-    .*                      # any amount of anything (faster than .*?\)

-    tchrist                 # now try to find Tom

-)delimiter(})modifier(x)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% w | grep tchrist | grep -v ttyp)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% grep -i 'pattern' files)

-comment(#% minigrep '(?i\)pattern' files)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.20)

-ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-ident(re) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(quote)operator(()ident(ans)operator(\))delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>

-reserved(case)

-    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(SEND)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is send)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(STOP)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is stop)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(ABORT)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is abort)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(when) string<delimiter(")content(EDIT)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(~) ident(re) operator(:) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action is edit)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(abbrev)delimiter(')>

-ident(table) operator(=) constant(Abbrev)operator(.)ident(abbrev) string<delimiter(%w-)content(send stop abort edit)delimiter(-)>

-ident(loop) reserved(do)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Action: )delimiter(")>

-    ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Action for )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ans)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(table)operator([)ident(ans)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# dummy values are defined for 'file', 'PAGER', and)

-comment(# the 'invoke_editor' and 'deliver_message' methods)

-comment(# do not do anything interesting in this example.)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(abbrev)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(file) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(pleac_ruby.data)delimiter(')>

-constant(PAGER) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(less)delimiter(')>

-

-reserved(def) method(invoke_editor)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(invoking editor)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(deliver_message)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(delivering message)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(actions) operator(=) operator({)

-    string<delimiter(')content(edit)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:invoke_editor)operator(\))operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(')content(send)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:deliver_message)operator(\))operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(')content(list)delimiter(')>  operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(system)operator(()constant(PAGER)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))operator(})operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(')content(abort)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(See ya!)delimiter(")>operator(;) ident(exit)operator(})operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>      operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Unknown Command)delimiter(")>operator(})

-operator(})

-

-ident(dtable) operator(=) constant(Abbrev)operator(.)ident(abbrev)operator(()ident(actions)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(\))

-ident(loop) reserved(do)

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Action: )delimiter(")>

-    ident(ans) operator(=) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )char(\\t)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(actions)operator([) ident(dtable)operator([)ident(ans)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")> operator(])operator(.)ident(call)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.19)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# basically, the Perl Cookbook categorizes this as an)

-comment(# unsolvable problem ...)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-integer(1) reserved(while) ident(addr)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\()content([^(\)]*)char(\\\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(Dear) ident(someuser)instance_variable(@host)operator(.)ident(com)operator(,)

-

-constant(Please) ident(confirm) ident(the) ident(mail) ident(address) ident(you) ident(gave) ident(us) constant(Wed) constant(May)  integer(6) integer(09)operator(:)integer(38)operator(:)integer(41)

-constant(MDT) integer(1998) ident(by) ident(replying) ident(to) ident(this) ident(message)operator(.)  constant(Include) ident(the) ident(string)

-string<delimiter(")content(Rumpelstiltskin)delimiter(")> reserved(in) ident(that) ident(reply)operator(,) ident(but) ident(spelled) reserved(in) ident(reverse)operator(;) ident(that) ident(is)operator(,)

-ident(start) ident(with) string<delimiter(")content(Nik...)delimiter(")>operator(.)  constant(Once) ident(this) ident(is) ident(done)operator(,) ident(your) ident(confirmed) ident(address) ident(will)

-ident(be) ident(entered) ident(into) ident(our) ident(records)operator(.)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.21)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% gunzip -c ~/mail/archive.gz | urlify > archive.urlified)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% urlify ~/mail/*.inbox > ~/allmail.urlified)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# urlify - wrap HTML links around URL-like constructs)

-

-ident(urls) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content((https?|telnet|gopher|file|wais|ftp\))delimiter(')>operator(;)

-ident(ltrs) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(\\w)delimiter(')>operator(;)

-ident(gunk) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/#~:.?+=&%@!)content(\\-)delimiter(')>operator(;)

-ident(punc) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(.:?)content(\\-)delimiter(')>operator(;)

-ident(any)  operator(=) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ltrs)delimiter(})>inline<delimiter(#{)ident(gunk)delimiter(})>inline<delimiter(#{)ident(punc)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(;)

-

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!) regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(

-        )char(\\b)content(                    # start at word boundary

-        (                     # begin $1  {

-         )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(urls)delimiter(})>content(     :        # need resource and a colon

-         [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(any)delimiter(})>content(] +?          # followed by on or more

-                              #  of any valid character, but

-                              #  be conservative and take only

-                              #  what you need to....

-        \)                     # end   $1  }

-        (?=                   # look-ahead non-consumptive assertion

-         [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(punc)delimiter(})>content(]*           # either 0 or more punctuation

-         [^)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(any)delimiter(})>content(]            #   followed by a non-url char

-         |                    # or else

-         $                    #   then end of the string

-        \)

-    )delimiter(/)modifier(iox)> reserved(do)

-        string<delimiter(%Q|)content(<A HREF=")inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(">)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($1)delimiter(})>content(</A>)delimiter(|)>

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(print) ident(line)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_6.23)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^m*(d?c{0,3}|c[dm]\)(l?x{0,3}|x[lc]\)(v?i{0,3}|i[vx]\)$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\S)content(+\)()char(\\s)content(+\)()char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\3)content(\\2)content(\\1)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\w)content(+\))char(\\s)content(*=)char(\\s)content(*(.*\))char(\\s)content(*$)delimiter(/)>             comment(# keyword is $1, value is $2)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(.{80,})delimiter(/)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(()char(\\d)content(+\)/()char(\\d)content(+\)/()char(\\d)content(+\) ()char(\\d)content(+\):()char(\\d)content(+\):()char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(|)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(/usr/bin)delimiter(|)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(/usr/local/bin)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f]\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator({) global_variable($1)operator(.)ident(hex)operator(.)ident(chr) operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r{)content(

-    /)char(\\*)content(                    # Match the opening delimiter

-    .*?                    # Match a minimal number of characters

-    )char(\\*)content(/                    # Match the closing delimiter

-)delimiter(})modifier(xm)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\s)content(+$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-comment(# but really, in Ruby we'd just do:)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(strip!)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)content(n)delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^.*::)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(^([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(

-    ([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\))char(\\.)content(([01]?)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(|2[0-4])char(\\d)content(|25[0-5]\)$)delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content(^.*/)delimiter(|)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(cols) operator(=) operator(() operator(()constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(TERMCAP)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(:co#()char(\\d)content(+\):)delimiter(/)> operator(\)) operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) integer(80)operator(;)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)pre_constant(ARGV)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r|)content( /)char(\\S)content(+/)delimiter(|)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(rbconfig)delimiter(')>

-ident(include) constant(Config)

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(This isn't Linux)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) constant(CONFIG)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(target_os)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(linux)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(;)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\n)char(\\s)content(+)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(nums) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\d)content(+)char(\\.)content(?)char(\\d)content(*|)char(\\.)char(\\d)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(capwords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(a-z0-9_]+)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(lowords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(A-Z0-9_]+)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(icwords) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\b)content([^)char(\\W)content(a-z0-9_][^)char(\\W)content(A-Z0-9_]*)char(\\b)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(links) operator(=) ident(str)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(<A[^>]+?HREF)char(\\s)content(*=)char(\\s)content(*["']?([^'" >]+?\)[ '"]?>)delimiter(/)modifier(mi)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(initial) operator(=) ident(str) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\S)content(+)char(\\s)content(+()char(\\S)content(\))char(\\S)content(*)char(\\s)content(+)char(\\S)delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(str)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(%r/)content("([^"]*\)")delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(%q-)content(``)content(\\1)content('')delimiter(-)>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-ident(sentences) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

-    ident(para)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\n)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    ident(para)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content( {3,})delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(  )delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    ident(sentences) operator(<<) ident(para)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\S)content(.*?[!?.]\)(?=  |)char(\\Z)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content(()char(\\d)content({4}\)-()char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\)-()char(\\d)char(\\d)content(\))delimiter(/)>            comment(# YYYY in $1, MM in $2, DD in $3)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)content( ^

-      (?:

-       1 )char(\\s)content( (?: )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( )char(\\s)content(\)?            # 1, or 1 and area code

-       |                               # ... or ...

-       )char(\\()char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\\))content( )char(\\s)content(                   # area code with parens

-       |                               # ... or ...

-       (?: )char(\\+)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(?)char(\\d)content(? )char(\\s)content(\)?             # optional +country code

-       )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( ([)char(\\s)char(\\-)content(]\)                 # and area code

-      \)

-      )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content( ()char(\\s)content(|)char(\\1)content(\)                   # prefix (and area code separator\)

-      )char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)char(\\d)content(                         # exchange

-        $

- )delimiter(/)modifier(x)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(%r/)char(\\b)content(oh)char(\\s)content(+my)char(\\s)content(+gh?o(d(dess(es\)?|s?\)|odness|sh\))char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(lines) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-ident(lines) operator(<<) global_variable($1) reserved(while) ident(input)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^([^)char(\\012)char(\\015)content(]*\)()char(\\012)char(\\015)content(?|)char(\\015)char(\\012)content(?\))delimiter(/)>operator(,)string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.0)

-comment(# An IO object being Enumerable, we can use 'each' directly on it)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/local/widgets/data)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(blue)delimiter(/)>

-operator(})

-

-ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/var/log/rubylog.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(mysub)operator(()global_variable($stdin)operator(,) ident(logfile)operator(\))

-

-comment(# The method IO#readline is similar  to IO#gets)

-comment(# but throws an exception when it reaches EOF)

-ident(f) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(bla.txt)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(begin)

-    reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(readline)operator(\))

-        ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)

-        global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(print) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(blue)delimiter(/)>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(rescue) constant(EOFError)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(close)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(while) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(gets)                        comment(# reads from STDIN)

-    reserved(unless) operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No digit found.)delimiter(")>   comment(# writes to STDERR)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Read: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>                   comment(# writes to STDOUT)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp/log)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(logfile)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-comment(# $defout (or its synonym '$>'\) is the destination of output)

-comment(# for Kernel#print, Kernel#puts, and family functions)

-ident(logfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(log.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(old) operator(=) global_variable($defout)

-global_variable($defout) operator(=) ident(logfile)                 comment(# switch to logfile for output)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Countdown initiated ...)delimiter(")>

-global_variable($defout) operator(=) ident(old)                     comment(# return to original output)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You have 30 seconds to reach minimum safety distance.)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.1)

-ident(source) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for reading only)

-ident(sink)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for writing only)

-

-ident(source) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDONLY)operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for reading only)

-ident(sink)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(\))  comment(# open file "path" for writing only)

-

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# open "path" for reading and writing)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\)) comment(# open "path" with the flags "flags" (see examples below for flags\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" read only)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDONLY)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" write only, create it if it does not exist)

-comment(# truncate it to zero length if it exists)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(TRUNC)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(TRUNC)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))  comment(# with permission 0666)

-

-comment(# open file "path" write only, fails if file exists)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" for appending)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(a)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" for appending only when file exists)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(WRONLY)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(APPEND)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" for reading and writing)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file for reading and writing, create a new file if it does not exist)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0600)operator(\))

-

-comment(# open file "path" reading and writing, fails if file exists)

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\))

-ident(file)   operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(EXCL)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(,) integer(0600)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.2)

-comment(# No problem with Ruby since the filename doesn't contain characters with)

-comment(# special meaning; like Perl's sysopen)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.3)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~root/tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#=> "/root/tmp")

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~rpcuser)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#=> "/var/lib/nfs")

-

-comment(# To expand ~/.. it explicitely needs the environment variable HOME)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(expand_path)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(~/tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#=> "/home/gc/tmp")

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.4)

-comment(# The exception raised in Ruby reports the filename)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(afile)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.5)

-comment(# Standard Ruby distribution provides the following useful extension)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(tempfile)delimiter(')>

-comment(# With the Tempfile class, the file is automatically deleted on garbage)

-comment(# collection, so you won't need to remove it, later on.)

-ident(tf) operator(=) constant(Tempfile)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))   comment(# a name is required to create the filename)

-

-comment(# If you need to pass the filename to an external program you can use)

-comment(# File#path, but don't forget to File#flush in order to flush anything)

-comment(# living in some buffer somewhere.)

-ident(tf)operator(.)ident(flush)

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/dowhatever )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tf)operator(.)ident(path)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Tempfile)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(tmp)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(fh)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)                comment(# autoflushes)

-integer(10)operator(.)ident(times) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(i) operator(})

-ident(fh)operator(.)ident(rewind)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(Tmp file has: )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(readlines)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.6)

-reserved(while) operator(()pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\)) reserved(do)

-    comment(# process the line)

-reserved(end)

-comment(__END__

-# your data goes here

-# __DATA__ doesn't exist in Ruby

-

-)comment(#CODE)

-comment(# get info about the script (size, date of last modification\))

-ident(kilosize) operator(=) pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(size) operator(/) integer(1024)

-ident(last_modif) operator(=) pre_constant(DATA)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(mtime)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(<P>Script size is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(kilosize)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(<P>Last script update: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(last_modif)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-comment(__END__

-# DO NOT REMOVE THE PRECEEDING LINE.

-# Everything else in this file will be ignored.

-)comment(#CODE)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.7)

-reserved(while) ident(line) operator(=) ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    comment(# do something with line.)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#  or)

-reserved(while) ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    comment(# do something with $_)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# or more rubyish)

-global_variable($stdun)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    comment(# do stuff with line)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# ARGF may makes this more easy)

-comment(# this is skipped if ARGV.size==0)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|)

-    comment(# closing and exception handling are done by the block)

-    ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(fd)operator(|)

-        ident(fd)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-            comment(# do stuff with line)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end) reserved(rescue) ident(abort)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(can't open %s)delimiter(")> operator(%) ident(filename)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# globbing is done in the Dir module)

-pre_constant(ARGV) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(*.[Cch])delimiter(")>operator(]) reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?)

-

-comment(# note: optparse is the preferred way to handle this)

-reserved(if) operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) string<delimiter(')content(-c)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    ident(chop_first) operator(+=) integer(1)

-    pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# processing numerical options)

-reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^-()char(\\d)content(+\)$)delimiter(/)>

-    ident(columns) operator(=) global_variable($1)

-    pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# again, better to use optparse:)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(optparse)delimiter(')>

-ident(nostdout) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(append) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(unbuffer) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(ignore_ints) operator(=) integer(0)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(options) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(opt)operator(|)

-    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-n)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(nostdout) operator(+=)integer(1) operator(})

-    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-a)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(append)   operator(+=)integer(1) operator(})

-    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-u)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(unbuffer) operator(+=)integer(1) operator(})

-    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(-i)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) ident(ignore_ints) operator(+=)integer(1) operator(})

-    ident(opt)operator(.)ident(parse!)

-reserved(end) reserved(or) ident(abort)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(usage: )delimiter(")> operator(+) pre_constant(__FILE__) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content( [-ainu] [filenames])delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(# no need to do undef $/, we have File.read)

-ident(str) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

-

-comment(# again we have File.read)

-ident(str) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

-

-comment(# not sure what this should do:)

-comment(# I believe open the file, print filename, lineno and line:)

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each_with_index) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(,) ident(idx)operator(|)

-    ident(print) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(idx)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(;)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(line)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# print all the lines in every file passed via command line that contains login)

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(line) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(login)delimiter(/)>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#)

-comment(# even this would fit)

-comment(#%ruby -ne "print if /f/" 2.log)

-comment(#)

-

-pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(l)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(l)operator(.)ident(downcase!) operator(})

-

-comment(#------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -p)

-comment(# just like perl's -p)

-global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(downcase!)

-comment(#)

-

-comment(# I don't know who should I trust.)

-comment(# perl's version splits on \\w+ while python's on \\w.)

-

-ident(chunks) operator(=) integer(0)

-

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(.)ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

-    reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(word) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>

-    reserved(break) reserved(if) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(__DATA__)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(__END__)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(member?) ident(word)

-    ident(chunks) operator(+=) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Found )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(chunks)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( chunks)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.8)

-ident(old) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(old_file)operator(\))

-ident(new) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(new_file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    comment(# change $_, then...)

-    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

-reserved(end)

-ident(old)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(new)operator(.)ident(close)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(old_file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(old.orig)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(new_file)operator(,) ident(old_file)operator(\))

-

-reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    reserved(if) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(20) reserved(then) comment(# we are at the 20th line)

-        ident(new)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Extra line 1)delimiter(")>

-        ident(new)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Extra line 2)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(while) ident(old)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    reserved(next) reserved(if) integer(20)operator(..)integer(30) comment(# skip the 20th line to the 30th)

-                   comment(# Ruby (and Perl\) permit to write if 20..30)

-                   comment(# instead of if (20 <= $.\) and ($. <= 30\))

-    ident(new)operator(.)ident(print) global_variable($_)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.9)

-comment(#% ruby -i.orig -pe 'FILTER COMMAND' file1 file2 file3 ...)

-comment(#)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(##!/usr/bin/ruby -i.orig -p)

-comment(# filter commands go here)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-comment(#% ruby -pi.orig -e 'gsub!(/DATE/\){Time.now\)')

-

-comment(# effectively becomes:)

-pre_constant(ARGV) operator(<<) string<delimiter(')content(I)delimiter(')>

-ident(oldfile) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename) operator(!=) ident(oldfile)

-        ident(newfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(filename)

-        constant(File)operator(.)ident(rename)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,) ident(newfile) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(.orig)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-        ident(oldfile) operator(=) ident(newfile)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(DATE)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator({)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(})

-    ident(print)

-reserved(end)

-global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(STDOUT)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% ruby -i.old -pe 'gsub!(%r{\\bhisvar\\b}, 'hervar'\)' *.[Cchy])

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# set up to iterate over the *.c files in the current directory,)

-comment(# editing in place and saving the old file with a .orig extension)

-global_variable($-i) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(.orig)delimiter(')>                       comment(# set up -i mode)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(replace)operator(()constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(*.[Cchy])delimiter(')>operator(])operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    reserved(if) global_variable($.) operator(==) integer(1)

-        ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(This line should appear at the top of each file)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\b)content((p\)earl)char(\\b)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(\\1)content(erl)delimiter(')>operator(\))    comment(# Correct typos, preserving case)

-    ident(print)

-    pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(close) reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGF)operator(.)ident(eof)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.10)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(itest)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)   comment(# open file for update)

-    ident(lines) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(readlines)           comment(# read into array of lines)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(it)operator(|)            comment(# modify lines)

-        ident(it)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(foo)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(QQQ)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)                     comment(# back to start)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(print) ident(lines)                 comment(# write out modified lines)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos)operator(\))             comment(# truncate to new length)

-reserved(end)                               comment(# file is automatically closed)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(itest)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(out) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-        ident(out) operator(<<) ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(DATE)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(print) ident(out)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.11)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(infile)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r+)delimiter(')>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)

-    comment(# update file)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_SH)     comment(# shared lock (for reading\))

-constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)     comment(# exclusive lock (for writing\))

-constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_NB)     comment(# non-blocking request)

-constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_UN)     comment(# free lock)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(unless) ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX) operator(|) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_NB)

-    ident(warn) string<delimiter(")content(can't get immediate lock: blocking ...)delimiter(")>

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock) constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(numfile)delimiter(')>operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(flock)operator(()constant(File)operator(::)constant(LOCK_EX)operator(\))

-    ident(num) operator(=) ident(f)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(||) integer(0)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(pos) operator(=) integer(0)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(truncate) integer(0)

-    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(num) operator(+) integer(1)ident(q)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.12)

-ident(output_handle)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-comment(# Please note that like in Perl, $stderr is already unbuffered)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# seeme - demo stdio output buffering)

-global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(size) operator(>) integer(0)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Now you don't see it...)delimiter(")>

-ident(sleep) integer(2)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(now you do)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-ident(afile)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# assume 'remote_con' is an interactive socket handle,)

-comment(# but 'disk_file' is a handle to a regular file.)

-ident(remote_con)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)       comment(# unbuffer for clarity)

-ident(disk_file)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(false)       comment(# buffered for speed)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-ident(sock) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(,) integer(80)operator(\))

-ident(sock)operator(.)ident(sync) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-ident(sock)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(GET /en/ HTTP/1.0 )char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(resp) operator(=) ident(sock)operator(.)ident(read)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(DOC IS: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(resp)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_7.13)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# assumes fh1, fh2, fh2 are oen IO objects)

-ident(nfound) operator(=) ident(select)operator(()operator([)global_variable($stdin)operator(,) ident(fh1)operator(,) ident(fh2)operator(,) ident(fh3)operator(])operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-ident(nfound)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-    reserved(case) ident(file)

-        reserved(when) ident(fh1)

-            comment(# do something with fh1)

-        reserved(when) ident(fh2)

-            comment(# do something with fh2)

-        reserved(when) ident(fh3)

-            comment(# do something with fh3)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(input_files) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-comment(# repeat next line for all in-files to poll)

-ident(input_files) operator(<<) ident(fh1)

-reserved(if) ident(nfound) operator(=) ident(select)operator(()ident(input_files)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-    comment(# input ready on files in nfound[0])

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.0)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# datafile is a file or IO object)

-ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

-    ident(size) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(length)

-    ident(puts) ident(size)

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(.)ident(length)

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(lines) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(readlines)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(whole_file) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# ruby -040 -e 'word = gets; puts "First word is #{word}"')

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# ruby -ne 'BEGIN { $/="%%\\n" }; $_.chomp; puts $_ if( $_=~/Unix/i\)' fortune.dat)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(handle)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(one)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(two)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(three)delimiter(")> comment(# "onetwothree")

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Baa baa black sheep.)delimiter(")>        comment(# sent to $stdout)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(buffer) operator(=) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()integer(4096)operator(\))

-ident(rv)     operator(=) ident(buffer)operator(.)ident(length)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(handle)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(length)operator(\))

-ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp)inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($$)delimiter(})>content(.pid)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(w)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(handle)operator(|) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(length)operator(\)) operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(pos) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(pos)  comment(# tell is an alias of pos)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(I'm )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(pos)delimiter(})>content( bytes from the start of datafile)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(logfile)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_END)operator(\))

-ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()ident(pos)operator(\))  comment(#  IO::SEEK_SET is the default)

-ident(out)operator(.)ident(seek)operator(()operator(-)integer(20)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_CUR)operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(written) operator(=) ident(datafile)operator(.)ident(syswrite)operator(()ident(mystring)operator(\))

-ident(raise) constant(RunTimeError) reserved(unless) ident(written) operator(==) ident(mystring)operator(.)ident(length)

-ident(block) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(sysread)operator(()integer(256)operator(\))   comment(# no equivalent to perl offset parameter in sysread)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(only read )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(block)operator(.)ident(length)delimiter(})>content( bytes)delimiter(")> reserved(if) integer(256) operator(!=) ident(block)operator(.)ident(length)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(pos) operator(=) ident(handle)operator(.)ident(sysseek)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) constant(IO)operator(::)constant(SEEK_CUR)operator(\))  comment(# don't change position)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.1)

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(\))

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

-    ident(nextline) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-    ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)content($)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(match)operator(|) ident(nextline) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(;) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')> operator(})

-    reserved(if) operator(()ident(nextline) operator(!=) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

-        ident(line) operator(+=) ident(nextline)

-        reserved(redo)

-    reserved(end)

-    comment(# process full record in line here)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON\) $(SOURCES\) $(HEADERS\) \\)

-comment(#         $(TEXINFOS\) $(INFOS\) $(MANS\) $(DATA\))

-comment(# DEP_DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON\) $(SOURCES\) $(HEADERS\) \\)

-comment(#         $(TEXINFOS\) $(INFO_DEPS\) $(MANS\) $(DATA\) \\)

-comment(#         $(EXTRA_DIST\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(line)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\\\)char(\\s)content(*$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({)

-    comment(# as before)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.2)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(count) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(wc -l < )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>delimiter(`)>

-ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(wc failed: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) global_variable($?) operator(!=) integer(0)

-ident(count)operator(.)ident(chomp!)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

-    ident(count) operator(+=) integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

-operator(})

-comment(# count now holds the number of lines read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(count) operator(=) integer(0)

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(chunk) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(sysread)operator(()integer(2)operator(**)integer(16)operator(\))operator(\))

-    ident(count) operator(+=) ident(chunk)operator(.)ident(count)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(end) reserved(rescue) constant(EOFError)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,)string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

-    ident(count) operator(+=) integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

-operator(})

-comment(# count now holds the number of lines read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# As ruby doesn't quite have an equivalent to using a for)

-comment(# statement as in perl, I threw this in)

-ident(count) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(size)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-integer(1) reserved(while) ident(file)operator(.)ident(gets)

-ident(count) operator(=) global_variable($.)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>

-ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(r)delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

-    integer(1) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

-    ident(para_count) operator(=) global_variable($.)

-operator(}) reserved(rescue) ident(fail)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(can't open )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>content(: $!)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# ^^PLEAC^^_8.3)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

-    ident(split)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(chunk)operator(|)

-        comment(# do something with chunk)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

-    ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content([)char(\\w)content('-]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

-        comment(# do something with word)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Make a word frequency count)

-comment(# normally hashes can be created using {} or just Hash.new)

-comment(# but we want the default value of an entry to be 0 instead)

-comment(# of nil. (nil can't be incremented\))

-ident(seen) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

-    ident(gsub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\w)content([)char(\\w)content('-]*\))delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(word)operator(|)

-        ident(seen)operator([)ident(word)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(+=) integer(1)

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-comment(# output hash in a descending numeric sort of its values)

-ident(seen)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

-    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%5d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(v)operator(,) ident(k) operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Line frequency count)

-ident(seen) operator(=) constant(Hash)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(gets)operator(\))

-    ident(seen)operator([)global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(downcase)operator(]) operator(+=) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-ident(seen)operator(.)ident(sort) operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|) ident(b)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(a)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(k)operator(,)ident(v)operator(|)

-    ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%5d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(v)operator(,) ident(k) operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.4)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# instead of file handle FILE, we can just)

-comment(# use a string containing the filename)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    comment(# do something with line)

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(reverse_each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    comment(# do something with line)

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# the variable lines might have been created)

-comment(# this way)

-comment(# lines = File.readlines(file\))

-comment(#)

-comment(# normally one would use the reverse_each, but)

-comment(# if you insist on using a numerical index to)

-comment(# iterate over the lines array...)

-operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(size) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-    ident(line) operator(=) ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# the second readlines argument is a the)

-comment(# record separator $/, just like perl, a blank)

-comment(# separator splits the records into paragraphs)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(paragraph)operator(|)

-    comment(# do something with paragraph)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(->Paragraph )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(paragraph)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.6)

-

-global_variable($/) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(%)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-ident(srand)operator(;)

-

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/usr/share/fortune/humorists)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-    ident(adage) operator(=) ident(line) reserved(if) ident(rand)operator(()global_variable($.)operator(\)) operator(<) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(puts) ident(adage)operator(;)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_8.10)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(fh) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(addr) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(tell) reserved(unless) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(eof) reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)

-    ident(fh)operator(.)ident(truncate)operator(()ident(addr)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(SystemCallError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")escape(#)global_variable($!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.0)

-ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/vi)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()constant(INFILE)operator(\))

-

-ident(entry) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/vi)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(ctime) operator(=) ident(entry)operator(.)ident(ctime)

-ident(size)  operator(=) ident(entry)operator(.)ident(size)

-

-ident(f) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(## There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness)

-reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(filename)operator(\))

-  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>content( doesn't have text in it.)delimiter(")>

-  ident(exit)

-reserved(end)

-

-constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|)

-  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Inside /usr/bin is something called )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filename)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.1)

-ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(readtime)operator(,) ident(writetime) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(.)ident(mtime)

-ident(file)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(readtime)operator(,) ident(writetime)operator(\))

-

-constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY) operator(=) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)

-ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime) operator(=) ident(file)operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(.)ident(mtime)

-

-ident(atime) operator(-=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)

-ident(mtime) operator(-=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)

-

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

-ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(testfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(## uvi - vi a file without changing it's access times)

-

-reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(!=) integer(1)

-  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(usage: uvi filename)delimiter(")>

-  ident(exit)

-reserved(end)

-ident(file) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(atime)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

-ident(system)operator(()constant(ENV)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(EDITOR)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")content(vi)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(utime)operator(()ident(atime)operator(,) ident(mtime)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.2)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()constant(FILENAME)operator(\))

-

-ident(err_flg) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

-ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  reserved(begin)

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-  reserved(rescue)

-    ident(err_flg) operator(=) global_variable($!)

-  reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-ident(err_flg) reserved(and) ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't unlink all of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>operator(\))delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(err_flg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-

-ident(count) operator(=) ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)

-ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  reserved(begin)

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-  reserved(rescue)

-    ident(count) operator(-=) integer(1)

-  reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-reserved(if) ident(count) operator(!=) ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)

-  constant(STDERR)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(could only delete )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(count)delimiter(})>content( of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(filenames)operator(.)ident(length)delimiter(})>content( files)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.3)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(ftools)delimiter(")>

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(copy)operator(()ident(oldfile)operator(,) ident(newfile)operator(\))

-

-ident(infile)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(oldfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(outfile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(newfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(blksize) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(.)ident(blksize)

-comment(# This doesn't handle partial writes or ^Z)

-comment(# like the Perl version does.)

-reserved(while) operator(()ident(line) operator(=) ident(infile)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()ident(blksize)operator(\))operator(\))

-  ident(outfile)operator(.)ident(write)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(infile)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(outfile)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cp )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(oldfile)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))    comment(# unix)

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(copy )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(oldfile)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))  comment(# dos, vms)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(ftools)delimiter(")>

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(copy)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile.dat)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(datafile.bak)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(datafile.new)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(datafile.dat)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.4)

-global_variable($seen) operator(=) operator({)operator(}) comment(# must use global var to be seen inside of method below)

-

-reserved(def) method(do_my_thing)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-    ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(dev)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(ino)

-    reserved(unless) global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])

-        comment(# do something with $filename because we haven't)

-        comment(# seen it before)

-    reserved(end)

-    global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(files)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(filename)operator(|)

-    ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(dev)operator(,) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))operator(.)ident(ino)

-    reserved(if) operator(!)global_variable($seen)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(\))

-        global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    reserved(end)

-    global_variable($seen)operator([)operator([)ident(dev)operator(,) ident(ino)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-global_variable($seen)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(devino)operator(|)

-    ident(ino)operator(,) ident(dev) operator(=) ident(devino)

-    reserved(if) global_variable($seen)operator([)ident(devino)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(1)

-        comment(# $seen[devino] is a list of filenames for the same file)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.5)

-constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dirname)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

-    ident(dir)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-        comment(# do something with dirname/file)

-        ident(puts) ident(file)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(# Dir.close is automatic)

-

-comment(# No -T equivalent in Ruby)

-

-ident(dir)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-    reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(file) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)char(\\.)content(?$)delimiter(/)>

-    comment(# ...)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(plainfiles)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

-    ident(dh) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

-    ident(dh)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^[^.])delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)

-        ident(map)      operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(})operator(.)

-        ident(find_all) operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?f)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\))operator(})operator(.)

-        ident(sort)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.6)

-ident(list) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(glob)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(*.c)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(dir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(files) operator(=) ident(dir)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(c$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(dir)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-ident(files) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(glob)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(*.c)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(files) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))

-

-ident(dir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(files) operator(=) ident(dir)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>operator(\))

-

-reserved(begin)

-  ident(d) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(ENOENT)

-  ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't open )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content( for reading: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(files) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-ident(d)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(puts) ident(file)

-  reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(file) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content([ch]$)delimiter(/)modifier(i)>

-

-  ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-  comment(# There is no -T equivalent in Ruby, but we can still test emptiness)

-  ident(files)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(filename)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(dirs)operator(.)ident(entries)operator(.)ident(grep)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\d)content(+$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)

-             ident(map)    operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) operator([)ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(path)delimiter(})>content(/)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(])operator(}) operator(.)

-             ident(select) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(})operator(.)

-             ident(sort)   operator({) operator(|)ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(|)  ident(a)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(<=>) ident(b)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(})operator(.)

-             ident(map)    operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(file)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.7)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(dirlist)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  comment(# do whatever)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(print) ident(file)operator(,) operator(()ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(/)char(\\n)delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(sum) operator(=) integer(0)

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(size) operator(=) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(||) integer(0)

-  ident(sum) operator(+=) ident(size)

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(argv)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( contains )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(sum)delimiter(})>content( bytes)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(saved_size)operator(,) ident(saved_name) operator(=) operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(size) operator(=) ident(test)operator(()integer(?s)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(||) integer(0)

-  reserved(next) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?f)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(&&) ident(size) operator(>) ident(saved_size)

-  ident(saved_size) operator(=) ident(size)

-  ident(saved_name) operator(=) ident(file)

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Biggest file )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(saved_name)delimiter(})>content( in )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(argv)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\))delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(saved_size)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(age)operator(,) ident(name) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(mtime) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(stat)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mtime)

-  reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(age) operator(&&) ident(age) operator(>) ident(mtime)

-  ident(age) operator(=) ident(mtime)

-  ident(name) operator(=) ident(file)

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(age)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# fdirs - find all directories)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) string<delimiter(%w{)content(.)delimiter(})> operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()operator(*)ident(argv)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(file) reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.8)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(fileutils)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Usage )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( dir ...)delimiter(")> reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

-  constant(FileUtils)operator(.)ident(rmtree)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.9)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ftools)delimiter(')>

-ident(names)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(newname) operator(=) ident(file)

-  reserved(begin)

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) ident(newname)operator(\))

-  reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(EPERM)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't rename )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>content( to )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(newname)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-  reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ftools)delimiter(')>

-ident(op) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) operator(()ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Usage: rename expr [files])char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(shift)

-ident(argv) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(empty?) operator(?) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(f)operator(.)ident(chomp) operator(}) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(argv)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-  ident(was) operator(=) ident(file)

-  ident(file) operator(=) ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(file.)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(op)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

-  constant(File)operator(.)ident(move)operator(()ident(was)operator(,) ident(file)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(was) operator(==) ident(file)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.10)

-ident(base) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(dir)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-comment(# ruby has no fileparse equivalent)

-ident(dir)operator(,) ident(base) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(ext) operator(=) ident(base)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(.*$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s)

-

-ident(path) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')>

-ident(file) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(basename)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(dir)  operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(dirname)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dir is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(, file is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-comment(# dir is /usr/lib, file is libc.a)

-

-ident(path) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')>

-ident(dir)operator(,) ident(filename) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-ident(name)operator(,) ident(ext) operator(=) ident(filename)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content((?=)char(\\.)content(\))delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dir is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dir)delimiter(})>content(, name is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content(, ext is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(ext)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-comment(#   NOTE: The Ruby code prints)

-comment(#   dir is /usr/lib, name is libc, extension is .a)

-comment(#     while the Perl code prints a '/' after the directory name)

-comment(#   dir is /usr/lib/, name is libc, extension is .a)

-

-comment(# No fileparse_set_fstype(\) equivalent in ruby)

-

-reserved(def) method(extension)operator(()ident(path)operator(\))

-    ident(ext) operator(=) ident(path)operator(.)ident(scan)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content(.*$)delimiter(/)>operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_s)

-    ident(ext)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)char(\\.)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.11)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# symirror - build spectral forest of symlinks)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(fileutils)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( realdir mirrordir)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(size) operator(==) integer(2)

-

-ident(srcdir)operator(,)ident(dstdir) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(srcmode) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mode)

-constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()ident(dstdir)operator(,) ident(srcmode) operator(&) integer(07777)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(dstdir)operator(\))

-

-comment(# fix relative paths)

-constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\)) operator({)ident(srcdir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(})

-constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(dstdir)operator(\)) operator({)ident(dstdir) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(})

-

-constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(srcdir)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(srcfile)operator(|)

-    reserved(if) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(srcfile)operator(\))

-        ident(dest) operator(=) ident(srcfile)operator(.)ident(sub)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(srcdir)delimiter(})>delimiter(/)>operator(,) ident(dstdir)operator(\))

-        ident(dmode) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(srcfile)operator(\))operator(.)ident(mode) operator(&) integer(07777)

-        constant(Dir)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()ident(dest)operator(,) ident(dmode)operator(\)) reserved(unless) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(dest)operator(\))

-        ident(a) operator(=) constant(Dir)operator([)string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(srcfile)delimiter(})>content(/*)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(reject)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(test)operator(()integer(?d)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))operator(})

-        constant(FileUtils)operator(.)ident(ln_s)operator(()ident(a)operator(,) ident(dest)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_9.12)

-comment(# we use the Getopt/Declare library here for convenience:)

-comment(#   http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/getoptdeclare/)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# lst - list sorted directory contents (depth first\))

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(etc)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(Getopt/Declare)delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# Note: in the option-spec below there must by at least one hard)

-comment(# tab in between each -option and its description. For example)

-comment(#    -i <tab> read from stdin)

-

-ident(opts) operator(=) constant(Getopt)operator(::)constant(Declare)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(<<'EOPARAM')>operator(\))string<content(

-    ============

-    Input Format:

-        -i	read from stdin

-    ============

-    Output Format:

-        -l	long listing

-        -r	reverse listing

-    ============

-    Sort on: (one of\)

-        -m	mtime (modify time - default\)

-                {$sort_criteria = :mtime}

-        -u	atime (access time\)

-                {$sort_criteria = :atime}

-        -c	ctime (inode change time\)

-                {$sort_criteria = :ctime}

-        -s	size

-                {$sort_criteria = :size}

-        [mutex: -m -u -c -s]

-)delimiter(

-EOPARAM)>

-

-global_variable($sort_criteria) operator(||=) symbol(:mtime)

-ident(files) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-constant(DIRS) operator(=) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-i)delimiter(')>operator(]) operator(?) global_variable($stdin)operator(.)ident(readlines)operator(.)ident(map)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)ident(f)operator(.)ident(chomp!)operator(}) operator(:) pre_constant(ARGV)

-constant(DIRS)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(dir)operator(|)

-    constant(Find)operator(.)ident(find)operator(()ident(dir)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ent)operator(|)

-        ident(files)operator([)ident(ent)operator(]) operator(=) constant(File)operator(::)ident(stat)operator(()ident(ent)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-ident(entries) operator(=) ident(files)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(.)ident(sort_by)operator({)operator(|)ident(f)operator(|) ident(files)operator([)ident(f)operator(])operator(.)ident(send)operator(()global_variable($sort_criteria)operator(\))operator(})

-ident(entries) operator(=) ident(entries)operator(.)ident(reverse) reserved(unless) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-r)delimiter(')>operator(])

-

-ident(entries)operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ent)operator(|)

-    reserved(unless) ident(opts)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(-l)delimiter(')>operator(])

-        ident(puts) ident(ent)

-        reserved(next)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(stats) operator(=) ident(files)operator([)ident(ent)operator(])

-    ident(ftime) operator(=) ident(stats)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()global_variable($sort_criteria) operator(==) symbol(:size) operator(?) symbol(:mtime) operator(:) global_variable($sort_criteria)operator(\))

-    ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%6d %04o %6d %8s %8s %8d %s %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(ino)operator(,)

-        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(mode) operator(&) integer(07777)operator(,)

-        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(nlink)operator(,)

-        constant(ETC)operator(::)constant(PASSWD)operator([)ident(stats)operator(.)ident(uid)operator(])operator(.)ident(name)operator(,)

-        constant(ETC)operator(::)constant(GROUP)operator([)ident(stats)operator(.)ident(gid)operator(])operator(.)ident(name)operator(,)

-        ident(stats)operator(.)ident(size)operator(,)

-        ident(ftime)operator(.)ident(strftime)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,)

-        ident(ent)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.0)

-reserved(def) method(hello)

-    global_variable($greeted) operator(+=) integer(1)      comment(# in Ruby, a variable beginning with $ is global (can be any type of course\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hi there!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# We need to initialize $greeted before it can be used, because "+=" is waiting a Numeric object)

-global_variable($greeted) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(hello)                  comment(# note that appending (\) is optional to function calls with no parameters)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.1)

-comment(# In Ruby, parameters are named anyway)

-reserved(def) method(hypotenuse)operator(()ident(side1)operator(,) ident(side2)operator(\))

-    constant(Math)operator(.)ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(side1)operator(**)integer(2) operator(+) ident(side2)operator(**)integer(2)operator(\))    comment(# the sqrt function comes from the Math module)

-reserved(end)

-ident(diag) operator(=) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))

-

-ident(puts) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))

-

-ident(a) operator(=) operator([)integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(])

-ident(print) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()operator(*)ident(a)operator(\))                  comment(# the star operator will magically convert an Array into a "tuple")

-

-ident(both) operator(=) ident(men) operator(+) ident(women)

-

-comment(# In Ruby, all objects are references, so the same problem arises; we then return a new object)

-ident(nums) operator(=) operator([)float(1.4)operator(,) float(3.5)operator(,) float(6.7)operator(])

-reserved(def) method(int_all)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(n)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})

-reserved(end)

-ident(ints) operator(=) ident(int_all)operator(()ident(nums)operator(\))

-

-ident(nums) operator(=) operator([)float(1.4)operator(,) float(3.5)operator(,) float(6.7)operator(])

-reserved(def) method(trunc_em)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(n)operator(.)ident(collect!) operator({) operator(|)ident(v)operator(|) ident(v)operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(})         comment(# the bang-version of collect modifies the object)

-reserved(end)

-ident(trunc_em)operator(()ident(nums)operator(\))

-

-comment(# Ruby has two chomp version:)

-comment(# ``chomp'' chomps the record separator and returns what's expected)

-comment(# ``chomp!'' does the same but also modifies the parameter object)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.2)

-reserved(def) method(somefunc)

-    ident(variable) operator(=) ident(something)  comment(# variable is local by default)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(name)operator(,) ident(age) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

-ident(start)     operator(=) ident(fetch_time)

-

-ident(a)operator(,) ident(b) operator(=) ident(pair)               comment(# will succeed if pair is an Array object (like ARGV is\))

-ident(c) operator(=) ident(fetch_time)

-

-comment(# In ruby, run_check can't access a, b, or c until they are)

-comment(# explicitely defined global (using leading $\), even if they are)

-comment(# both defined in the same scope)

-

-reserved(def) method(check_x)operator(()ident(x)operator(\))

-    ident(y) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(whatever)delimiter(")>

-    ident(run_check)

-    reserved(if) global_variable($condition)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(got $x)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# The following will keep a reference to the array, though the)

-comment(# results will be slightly different from perl: the last element)

-comment(# of $global_array will be itself an array)

-reserved(def) method(save_array)operator(()ident(ary)operator(\))

-    global_variable($global_array) operator(<<) ident(ary)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# The following gives the same results as in Perl for $global_array,)

-comment(# though it doesn't illustrate anymore the way to keep a reference)

-comment(# to an object: $global_array is extended with the elements of ary)

-reserved(def) method(save_array)operator(()ident(ary)operator(\))

-    global_variable($global_array) operator(+=) ident(ary)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.3)

-comment(# In Ruby, AFAIK a method cannot access "local variables" defined)

-comment(# upper scope; mostly because everything is an object, so you'll)

-comment(# do the same by defining an attribute or a static attribute)

-

-comment(# In Ruby the BEGIN also exists:)

-reserved(BEGIN) operator({) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from BEGIN)delimiter(")> operator(})

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from main)delimiter(")>

-reserved(BEGIN) operator({) ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello from 2nd BEGIN)delimiter(")> operator(})

-comment(# gives:)

-comment(#   hello from BEGIN)

-comment(#   hello from 2nd BEGIN)

-comment(#   hello from main)

-

-comment(# In Ruby, it can be written as a static method and a static)

-comment(# variable)

-reserved(class) class(Counter)

-    class_variable(@@counter) operator(=) integer(0)

-    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(next_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(+=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# There is no need of BEGIN since the variable will get)

-comment(# initialized when parsing)

-reserved(class) class(Counter)

-    class_variable(@@counter) operator(=) integer(42)

-    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(next_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(+=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Counter)operator(.)ident(prev_counter)operator(;) class_variable(@@counter) operator(-=) integer(1)operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.4)

-comment(# You can either get the whole trace as an array of strings, each)

-comment(# string telling which file, line and method is calling:)

-ident(caller)

-

-comment(# ...or only the last caller)

-ident(caller)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-

-comment(# We need to extract just the method name of the backtrace:)

-reserved(def) method(whoami)operator(;)  ident(caller)operator(()operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(in `([^']+\)')delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content((anonymous\))delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(whowasi)operator(;) ident(caller)operator(()operator(\))operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(in `([^']+\)')delimiter(/)> operator(?) global_variable($1) operator(:) string<delimiter(')content((anonymous\))delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.5)

-comment(# In Ruby, every value is a reference on an object, thus there is)

-comment(# no such problem)

-ident(array_diff)operator(()ident(array1)operator(,) ident(array2)operator(\))

-

-reserved(def) method(add_vecpair)operator(()ident(a1)operator(,) ident(a2)operator(\))

-    ident(results) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    ident(a1)operator(.)ident(each_index) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|) ident(results) operator(<<) operator(()ident(a1)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) operator(+) ident(a2)operator([)ident(i)operator(])operator(\)) operator(})

-    ident(results)

-reserved(end)

-ident(a) operator(=) operator([)integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(])

-ident(b) operator(=) operator([)integer(5)operator(,) integer(8)operator(])

-ident(c) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()ident(a)operator(,) ident(b)operator(\))

-ident(p) ident(c)

-

-comment(# Add this to the beginning of the function to check if we were)

-comment(# given two arrays)

-ident(a1)operator(.)ident(type) operator(==) constant(Array) operator(&&) ident(a2)operator(.)ident(type) operator(==) constant(Array) reserved(or)

-    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(usage: add_vecpair array1 array2 (was used with: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a1)operator(.)ident(type)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a2)operator(.)ident(type)delimiter(})>content(\))delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.6)

-comment(# There is no return context in Ruby)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.7)

-comment(# Like in Perl, we need to fake with a hash, but it's dirty :-()

-reserved(def) method(thefunc)operator(()ident(param_args)operator(\))

-    ident(args) operator(=) operator({) string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(10s)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(FINISH)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(0)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(START)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) integer(0) operator(})

-    ident(args)operator(.)ident(update)operator(()ident(param_args)operator(\))

-    reserved(if) operator(()ident(args)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')>operator(])  operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(m$)delimiter(/)> operator(\))

-        comment(# .....)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(thefunc)operator(()operator({) string<delimiter(')content(INCREMENT)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(20s)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(START)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(+5m)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(FINISH)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(+30m)delimiter(')> operator(})operator(\))

-ident(thefunc)operator(()operator({)operator(})operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.8)

-comment(# there is no "undef" direct equivalent but there is the slice equiv:)

-ident(a)operator(,) ident(c) operator(=) ident(func)operator(.)ident(indexes)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.9)

-comment(# Ruby has no such limitation:)

-reserved(def) method(somefunc)

-    ident(ary) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    ident(hash) operator(=) operator({)operator(})

-    comment(# ...)

-    reserved(return) ident(ary)operator(,) ident(hash)

-reserved(end)

-ident(arr)operator(,) ident(dict) operator(=) ident(somefunc)

-

-ident(array_of_hashes) operator(=) ident(fn)

-ident(h1)operator(,) ident(h2)operator(,) ident(h3)      operator(=) ident(fn)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.10)

-reserved(return)

-comment(# or (equivalent\))

-reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.11)

-comment(# You can't prototype in Ruby regarding types :-()

-comment(# Though, you can force the number of arguments:)

-reserved(def) method(func_with_no_arg)operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(func_with_no_arg)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(func_with_one_arg)operator(()ident(a1)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(func_with_two_args)operator(()ident(a1)operator(,) ident(a2)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(func_with_any_number_of_args)operator(()operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.12)

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(some message)delimiter(")>        comment(# raise exception)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(val) operator(=) ident(func)

-reserved(rescue) constant(Exception) operator(=)operator(>) ident(msg)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(func raised an exception: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(msg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# In Ruby the rescue statement uses an exception class, every)

-comment(# exception which is not matched is still continuing)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(val) operator(=) ident(func)

-reserved(rescue) constant(FullMoonError)

-    operator(...)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.13)

-comment(# Saving Global Values)

-comment(# Of course we can just save the value and restore it later:)

-reserved(def) method(print_age)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Age is )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($age)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(18)         comment(# global variable)

-ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(if) ident(condition)

-    ident(safeage) operator(=) global_variable($age)

-    global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(23)

-    ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

-    global_variable($age) operator(=) ident(safeage)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# We can also use a method that saves the global variable and)

-comment(# restores it automatically when the block is left:)

-

-reserved(def) method(local)operator(()ident(var)operator(\))

-    ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(save = )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)operator(.)ident(id2name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(begin)

-        ident(result) operator(=) reserved(yield)

-    reserved(ensure)

-        comment(# we want to call this even if we got an exception)

-        ident(eval)operator(()string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(var)operator(.)ident(id2name)delimiter(})>content( = save)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(result)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(condition) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(18)

-ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(if) ident(condition)

-    ident(local)operator(()symbol(:$age)operator(\)) operator({)

-        global_variable($age) operator(=) integer(23)

-        ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-ident(print_age)operator(()operator(\))

-

-comment(# There is no need to use local(\) for filehandles or directory)

-comment(# handles in ruby because filehandles are normal objects.)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.14)

-comment(# In Ruby you may redefine a method [but not overload it :-(])

-comment(# just by defining again with the same name.)

-reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-ident(foo)

-comment(#=> bar)

-

-comment(# You can also take a reference to an existing method before)

-comment(# redefining a new one, using the `alias' keyword)

-reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(foo)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-reserved(alias) ident(foo_orig) ident(foo)

-reserved(def) method(foo)operator(;) ident(puts) string<delimiter(')content(bar)delimiter(')>operator(;) reserved(end)

-ident(foo_orig)

-ident(foo)

-comment(#=> foo)

-comment(#=> bar)

-

-comment(# AFAIK, there is no direct way to create a new method whose name)

-comment(# comes from a variable, so use "eval")

-ident(colors) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)delimiter(\))>

-ident(colors)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(c)operator(|)

-    ident(eval) string<delimiter(<<-EOS)>string<content(

-    def )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>content((*a\)

-        "<FONT COLOR=')inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c)delimiter(})>content('>" + a.to_s + "</FONT>"

-    end)delimiter(

-    EOS)>

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.15)

-reserved(def) method(method_missing)operator(()ident(name)operator(,) operator(*)ident(args)operator(\))

-    string<delimiter(")content(<FONT COLOR=')inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>content('>)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(args)operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')>operator(\)) operator(+) string<delimiter(")content(</FONT>)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) ident(chartreuse)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(stuff)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.16)

-reserved(def) method(outer)operator(()ident(arg)operator(\))

-    ident(x) operator(=) ident(arg) operator(+) integer(35)

-    ident(inner) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({) ident(x) operator(*) integer(19) operator(})

-    ident(x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(.)ident(call)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_10.17)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# mailsort - sort mbox by different criteria)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(English)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Date)delimiter(')>

-

-comment(# Objects of class Mail represent a single mail.)

-reserved(class) class(Mail)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:no)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:subject)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:fulltext)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:date)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        instance_variable(@fulltext) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-        instance_variable(@subject) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(append)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@fulltext) operator(<<) ident(para)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# this is called if you call puts(mail\))

-    reserved(def) method(to_s)

-        instance_variable(@fulltext)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# represents a list of mails.)

-reserved(class) class(Mailbox) operator(<) constant(Array)

-

-    constant(Subjectpattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(Subject:)content(\\s)content(*(?:Re:)content(\\s)content(*\)*(.*\))content(\\n)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    constant(Datepattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(Date:)content(\\s)content(*(.*\))content(\\n)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-    comment(# reads mails from open file and stores them)

-    reserved(def) method(read)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-        global_variable($INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR) operator(=) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>  comment(# paragraph reads)

-        ident(msgno) operator(=) operator(-)integer(1)

-        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(para)operator(|)

-            reserved(if) ident(para) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^From)delimiter(/)>

-                ident(mail) operator(=) constant(Mail)operator(.)ident(new)

-                ident(mail)operator(.)ident(no) operator(=) operator(()ident(msgno) operator(+=) integer(1)operator(\))

-                ident(md) operator(=) constant(Subjectpattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

-                reserved(if) ident(md)

-                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(subject) operator(=) ident(md)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-                reserved(end)

-                ident(md) operator(=) constant(Datepattern)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(para)operator(\))

-                reserved(if) ident(md)

-                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(date) operator(=) constant(DateTime)operator(.)ident(parse)operator(()ident(md)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

-                reserved(else)

-                    ident(mail)operator(.)ident(date) operator(=) constant(DateTime)operator(.)ident(now)

-                reserved(end)

-                pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(mail)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-            ident(mail)operator(.)ident(append)operator(()ident(para)operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(mail)

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(sort_by_subject_and_no)

-        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(sort_by) operator({) operator(|)ident(m)operator(|)

-            operator([)ident(m)operator(.)ident(subject)operator(,) ident(m)operator(.)ident(no)operator(])

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# sorts by a list of attributs of mail, given as symbols)

-    reserved(def) method(sort_by_attributs)operator(()operator(*)ident(attrs)operator(\))

-        comment(# you can sort an Enumerable by an array of)

-        comment(# values, they would be compared)

-        comment(# from ary[0] to ary[n]t, say:)

-        comment(# ['b',1] > ['a',10] > ['a',9])

-        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(sort_by) operator({) operator(|)ident(elem)operator(|)

-            ident(attrs)operator(.)ident(map) operator({) operator(|)ident(attr)operator(|)

-                ident(elem)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(attr)operator(\))

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(mailbox) operator(=) constant(Mailbox)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()pre_constant(ARGF)operator(\))

-

-comment(# print only subjects sorted by subject and number)

-reserved(for) ident(m) reserved(in) ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(sort_by_subject_and_no)

-    ident(puts)operator(()ident(m)operator(.)ident(subject)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# print complete mails sorted by date, then subject, then number)

-reserved(for) ident(m) reserved(in) ident(mailbox)operator(.)ident(sort_by_attributs)operator(()symbol(:date)operator(,) symbol(:subject)operator(\))

-    ident(puts)operator(()ident(m)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_11.7)

-reserved(def) method(mkcounter)operator(()ident(count)operator(\))

-    ident(start)  operator(=) ident(count)

-    ident(bundle) operator(=) operator({)

-        string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(+=) integer(1) operator(})operator(,)

-        string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(-=) integer(1) operator(})operator(,)

-        string<delimiter(")content(RESET)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) ident(proc) operator({) ident(count) operator(=) ident(start) operator(})

-    operator(})

-    ident(bundle)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(LAST)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) ident(bundle)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>operator(])

-    reserved(return) ident(bundle)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(c1) operator(=) ident(mkcounter)operator(()integer(20)operator(\))

-ident(c2) operator(=) ident(mkcounter)operator(()integer(77)operator(\))

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 21)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c2: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c2)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 78)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(next c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(NEXT)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 22)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(last c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(PREV)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 21)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(last c1: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c1)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(LAST)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# 20)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(old  c2: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(c2)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(RESET)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(.)ident(call)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> comment(# 77)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_11.15)

-reserved(class) class(Binary_tree)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@value) operator(=) ident(val)

-        instance_variable(@left) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-        instance_variable(@right) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# insert given value into proper point of)

-    comment(# provided tree.  If no tree provided,)

-    comment(# use implicit pass by reference aspect of @_)

-    comment(# to fill one in for our caller.)

-    reserved(def) method(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-        reserved(if) ident(val) operator(<) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

-            reserved(if) instance_variable(@left) reserved(then)

-                instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-            reserved(else)

-                instance_variable(@left) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(elsif) ident(val) operator(>) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

-            reserved(if) instance_variable(@right) reserved(then)

-                instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-            reserved(else)

-                instance_variable(@right) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(double)delimiter(")>

-            comment(# do nothing, no double values)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# recurse on left child,)

-    comment(# then show current value,)

-    comment(# then recurse on right child.)

-    reserved(def) method(in_order)

-        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(in_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

-        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(in_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# show current value,)

-    comment(# then recurse on left child,)

-    comment(# then recurse on right child.)

-    reserved(def) method(pre_order)

-        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(pre_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

-        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(pre_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# recurse on left child,)

-    comment(# then recurse on right child,)

-    comment(# then show current value.)

-    reserved(def) method(post_order)

-        instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(post_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

-        instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(post_order) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

-        ident(print) instance_variable(@value)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# find out whether provided value is in the tree.)

-    comment(# if so, return the node at which the value was found.)

-    comment(# cut down search time by only looking in the correct)

-    comment(# branch, based on current value.)

-    reserved(def) method(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-        reserved(if) ident(val) operator(==) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

-            reserved(return) pre_constant(self)

-        reserved(elsif) ident(val) operator(<) instance_variable(@value) reserved(then)

-            reserved(return) instance_variable(@left)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\)) reserved(if) instance_variable(@left)

-            reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(else)

-            reserved(return) instance_variable(@right)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()ident(val)operator(\)) reserved(if) instance_variable(@right)

-            reserved(return) pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# first generate 20 random inserts)

-ident(test) operator(=) constant(Binary_tree)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))

-reserved(for) ident(a) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(..)integer(20)

-    ident(test)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(rand)operator(()integer(1000)operator(\))operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# now dump out the tree all three ways)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Pre order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(pre_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(In order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(in_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Post order:  )delimiter(")>operator(;)  ident(test)operator(.)ident(post_order)operator(;)  ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(search?)delimiter(")>

-reserved(while) ident(gets)

-    ident(print) ident(test)operator(.)ident(search)operator(()global_variable($_)operator(.)ident(to_i)operator(\))

-    ident(print) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(search?)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.0)

-comment(# class and module names need to have the first letter capitalized)

-reserved(module) class(Alpha)

-    constant(NAME) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(first)delimiter(')>

-reserved(end)

-reserved(module) class(Omega)

-    constant(NAME) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(last)delimiter(')>

-reserved(end)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Alpha)operator(::)constant(NAME)delimiter(})>content(, Omega is )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Omega)operator(::)constant(NAME)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# ruby doesn't differentiate beteen compile-time and run-time)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(getoptlong.rb)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(getoptlong)delimiter(')>     comment(# assumes the .rb)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker.rb)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker)delimiter(')>    comment(# assumes the .rb)

-ident(load)    string<delimiter(')content(cards/poker)delimiter(')>    comment(# require only loads the file once)

-

-reserved(module) class(Cards)

-    reserved(module) class(Poker)

-        instance_variable(@card_deck) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new) comment(# or @card_deck = [])

-        reserved(def) method(shuffle)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.1)

-comment(# a module exports all of its functions)

-reserved(module) class(Your_Module)

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(function)

-        comment(# this would be called as Your_Module.function)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) constant(Your_Module)operator(.)ident(another)

-        comment(# this is the same as above, but more specific)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.2)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(nonexistent)delimiter(')>

-reserved(rescue) constant(LoadError)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't load )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>  comment(# $! contains the last error string)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.4)

-comment(# module variables are private unless access functions are defined)

-reserved(module) class(Alpha)

-    instance_variable(@aa) operator(=) integer(10)

-    instance_variable(@bb) operator(=) integer(11)

-

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(put_aa)

-        ident(puts) instance_variable(@aa)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(bb)operator(=)operator(()ident(val)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@bb) operator(=) ident(val)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-constant(Alpha)operator(.)ident(bb) operator(=) integer(12)

-comment(# Alpha.aa = 10 # error, no aa=method)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.5)

-comment(# caller provides a backtrace of the call stack)

-reserved(module) class(MyModule)

-    reserved(def) method(find_caller)

-        ident(caller)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(find_caller2)operator(()ident(i)operator(\))

-        ident(caller)operator(()ident(i)operator(\)) comment(# an argument limits the size of the stack returned)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.6)

-reserved(BEGIN) operator({)

-    global_variable($logfile) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/tmp/mylog)delimiter(')> reserved(unless) reserved(defined?) global_variable($logfile)

-    global_variable($LF) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($logfile)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(a)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-operator(})

-

-reserved(module) class(Logger)

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(logmsg)operator(()ident(msg)operator(\))

-        global_variable($LF)operator(.)ident(puts) ident(msg)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    ident(logmsg)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(startup)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(END) operator({)

-    constant(Logger)operator(::)ident(logmsg)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(shutdown)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    global_variable($LF)operator(.)ident(close)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.7)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# results may be different on your system)

-comment(# % ruby -e "$LOAD_PATH.each_index { |i| printf("%d %s\\n", i, $LOAD_PATH[i] })

-comment(#0 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6)

-comment(#1 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/1.6/i386-linux)

-comment(#2 /usr/local/lib/site_ruby/)

-comment(#3 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6)

-comment(#4 /usr/lib/ruby/1.6/i136-linux)

-comment(#5 .)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# syntax for sh, bash, ksh, or zsh)

-comment(#$ export RUBYLIB=$HOME/rubylib)

-

-comment(# syntax for csh or tcsh)

-comment(# % setenv RUBYLIB ~/rubylib)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-global_variable($LOAD_PATH)operator(.)ident(unshift) string<delimiter(")content(/projects/spectre/lib)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.8)

-comment(# equivalents in ruby are mkmf, SWIG, or Ruby/DL depending on usage)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.9)

-comment(# no equivalent in ruby)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.10)

-comment(# no equivalent in ruby)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.11)

-reserved(module) class(FineTime)

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(time)

-        comment(# to be defined later)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-reserved(module) class(FineTime)

-    reserved(def) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(time)

-        string<delimiter(")content(its a fine time)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(puts) constant(FineTime)operator(.)ident(time) comment(#=> "its a fine time")

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.12)

-reserved(def) method(even_only)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)delimiter(})>content( is not even)delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()ident(n) operator(&) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(!=) integer(0)  comment(# one way to test)

-    comment(# ...)

-reserved(end)

-reserved(def) method(even_only)operator(()ident(n)operator(\))

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(n)delimiter(})>content( is not even)delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()ident(n) operator(&) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(!=) integer(0)

-    comment(# ...)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_12.17)

-comment(# The library archive for ruby is called Ruby Application archive,)

-comment(# or shorter RAA, and can be found at http://raa.ruby-lang.org.)

-comment(# A typical library is installed like this:)

-comment(# % gunzip some-module-4.54.tar.gz)

-comment(# % tar xf some-module-4.54.tar)

-comment(# % cd some-module-4.54.tar)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb config)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb setup)

-comment(# get superuser previleges here if needed for next step)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb install)

-

-comment(# Some modules use a different process,)

-comment(# you should find details in the documentation)

-comment(# Here is an example of such a different process)

-comment(# % ruby extconf.rb)

-comment(# % make)

-comment(# % make install)

-

-comment(# If you want the module installed in your own directory:)

-comment(# For ruby version specific libraries)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby=~/lib)

-comment(# For version independent libraries)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb config --site-ruby-common=~/lib)

-

-comment(# Information about possible options for config)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb --help)

-

-comment(# If you have your own complete distribution)

-comment(# % ruby install.rb --prefix=path=~/ruby-private)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.0)

-comment(# Classes and objects in Ruby are rather straigthforward)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    comment(# Class variables (also called static attributes\) are prefixed by @@)

-    class_variable(@@person_counter)operator(=)integer(0)

-

-    comment(# object constructor)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(age)operator(,) ident(name)operator(,) ident(alive) operator(=) pre_constant(true)operator(\))     comment(# Default arg like in C++)

-        instance_variable(@age)operator(,) instance_variable(@name)operator(,) instance_variable(@alive) operator(=) ident(age)operator(,) ident(name)operator(,) ident(alive)  comment(# Object attributes are prefixed by '@')

-        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(+=) integer(1)

-          comment(# There is no '++' operator in Ruby. The '++'/'--'  operators are in fact)

-          comment(# hidden assignments which affect variables, not objects. You cannot accomplish)

-          comment(# assignment via method. Since everything in Ruby is object, '++' and '--')

-          comment(# contradict Ruby OO ideology. Instead '-=' and '+=' are used.)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:name)operator(,) symbol(:age)   comment(# This creates setter and getter methods for @name)

-                                comment(# and @age. See 13.3 for detailes.)

-

-    comment(# methods modifying the receiver object usually have the '!' suffix)

-    reserved(def) method(die!)

-        instance_variable(@alive) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@name)delimiter(})>content( has died at the age of )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@age)delimiter(})>content(.)delimiter(")>

-        instance_variable(@alive)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(kill)operator(()ident(anotherPerson)operator(\))

-        ident(print) instance_variable(@name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is killing )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(anotherPerson)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-        ident(anotherPerson)operator(.)ident(die!)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# methods used as queries)

-    comment(# usually have the '?' suffix)

-    reserved(def) method(alive?)

-        instance_variable(@alive) operator(&&) pre_constant(true)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(year_of_birth)

-        constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(-) instance_variable(@age)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(# Class method (also called static method\))

-    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(number_of_people)

-        class_variable(@@person_counter)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# Using the class:)

-comment(# Create objects of class Person)

-ident(lecter) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(47)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Hannibal)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(starling) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(29)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Clarice)delimiter(')>operator(,) pre_constant(true)operator(\))

-ident(pazzi) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(40)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Rinaldo)delimiter(')>operator(,) pre_constant(true)operator(\))

-

-comment(# Calling a class method)

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(There are )delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(number_of_people)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( Person objects)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(print) ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is )delimiter(')>operator(,) operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(alive?)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(alive)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(dead)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(lecter)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(\))

-ident(print) ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( is )delimiter(')>operator(,) operator(()ident(pazzi)operator(.)ident(alive?)operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(alive)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(dead)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(print) ident(starling)operator(.)ident(name) operator(,) string<delimiter(')content( was born in )delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(starling)operator(.)ident(year_of_birth)operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.1)

-comment(# If you don't need any initialisation in the constructor,)

-comment(# you don't need to write a constructor.)

-reserved(class) class(MyClass)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(class) class(MyClass)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        instance_variable(@start) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)

-        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) integer(0)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(class) class(MyClass)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(inithash)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@start) operator(=) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)

-        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) integer(0)

-        reserved(for) ident(key)operator(,) ident(value) reserved(in) ident(inithash)

-            ident(instance_variable_set)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(key)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(value)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.2)

-comment(# Objects are destroyed by the garbage collector.)

-comment(# The time of destroying is not predictable.)

-comment(# The ruby garbage collector can handle circular references,)

-comment(# so there is no need to write destructor for that.)

-

-comment(# There is no direct support for destructor.)

-comment(# You can call a custom function, or more specific a proc object, when the)

-comment(# garbage collector is about to destruct the object, but it is unpredictable)

-comment(# when this occurs.)

-comment(# Also if such a finalizer object has a reference to the orignal object,)

-comment(# this may prevent the original object to get garbage collected.)

-comment(# Because of this problem the finalize method below is)

-comment(# a class method and not a instance method.)

-comment(# So if you need to free resources for an object, like)

-comment(# closing a socket or kill a spawned subprocess,)

-comment(# you should do it explicitly.)

-

-reserved(class) class(MyClass)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

-                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(MyClass)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Object )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(id)delimiter(})>content( dying at )inline<delimiter(#{)constant(Time)operator(.)ident(new)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# test code)

-integer(3)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

-    constant(MyClass)operator(.)ident(new)

-operator(})

-constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(garbage_collect)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.3)

-comment(# You can write getter and setter methods in a natural way:)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    reserved(def) method(name)

-        instance_variable(@name)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(name=)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(name)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# But there is a better and shorter way)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:age)

-    ident(attr_writer) symbol(:name)

-    comment(# attr_reader and attr_writer are actually methods in class Class)

-    comment(# which set getter and setter methods for you.)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# There is also attr_accessor to create both setters and getters)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:name)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.4)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    comment(# Class variables (also called static attributes\) are prefixed by @@)

-    class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(=) integer(0)

-

-    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(population)

-        class_variable(@@person_counter)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(+=) integer(1)

-        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

-                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

-        class_variable(@@person_counter) operator(-=) integer(1)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-ident(people) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-integer(10)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

-    ident(people)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)operator(\))

-operator(})

-ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(There are %d people alive)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(population)operator(\))

-

-

-constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds) operator(=) integer(100)

-ident(alpha) operator(=) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Bound on alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(alpha)operator(.)ident(max_bounds)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-ident(beta) operator(=) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(beta)operator(.)ident(max_bounds) operator(=) integer(50)                    comment(# calls the instance method)

-ident(beta)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds) operator(=) integer(50)        comment(# alternative, calls the class method)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Bound on alpha is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(alpha)operator(.)ident(max_bounds)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(class) class(FixedArray)

-    class_variable(@@bounds) operator(=) integer(7)

-

-    reserved(def) method(max_bounds)

-        class_variable(@@max_bounds)

-    reserved(end)

-    comment(# instance method, which sets the class variable)

-    reserved(def) method(max_bounds=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

-        class_variable(@@max_bounds) operator(=) ident(value)

-    reserved(end)

-    comment(# class method. This can only be called on a class,)

-    comment(# but not on the instances)

-    reserved(def) constant(FixedArray)operator(.)ident(class_max_bounds)operator(=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

-        class_variable(@@max_bounds) operator(=) ident(value)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.5)

-constant(PersonStruct) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Person)delimiter(")>operator(,) symbol(:name)operator(,) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:peers)operator(\))

-comment(# creates a class "Person::Struct", which is accessiable with the)

-comment(# constant "PersonStruct")

-ident(p) operator(=) constant(PersonStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(p) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(::)constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)                      comment(# alternative using the classname)

-ident(p)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jason Smythe)delimiter(")>

-ident(p)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(13)

-ident(p)operator(.)ident(peers) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])

-ident(p)operator([)symbol(:peers)operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])     comment(# alternative access using symbol)

-ident(p)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(peers)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])    comment(# alternative access using name of field)

-ident(p)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Wilbur)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Ralph)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Fred)delimiter(")>operator(])          comment(# alternative access using index of field)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(At age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(age)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(name)delimiter(})>content('s first friend is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(p)operator(.)ident(peers)operator([)integer(0)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# The fields of a struct have no special type, like other ruby variables)

-comment(# you can put any objects in. Therefore the discussions how to specify)

-comment(# the types of the fields do not apply to ruby.)

-

-constant(FamilyStruct) operator(=) constant(Struct)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Family)delimiter(")>operator(,) symbol(:head)operator(,) symbol(:address)operator(,) symbol(:members)operator(\))

-ident(folks) operator(=) constant(FamilyStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(folks)operator(.)ident(head) operator(=) constant(PersonStruct)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(dad) operator(=) ident(folks)operator(.)ident(head)

-ident(dad)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(John)delimiter(")>

-ident(dad)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(34)

-

-comment(# supply of own accessor method for the struct for error checking)

-reserved(class) class(PersonStruct)

-    reserved(def) method(age=)operator(()ident(value)operator(\))

-        reserved(if) operator(!)ident(value)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Integer)operator(\))

-            ident(raise)operator(()constant(ArgumentError)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(value)delimiter(})>content( isn't an Integer)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        reserved(elsif) ident(value) operator(>) integer(150)

-            ident(raise)operator(()constant(ArgumentError)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Age )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(value)delimiter(})>content( is unreasonable)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-        instance_variable(@age) operator(=) ident(value)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.6)

-comment(# The ruby Object class defines a dup and a clone method.)

-comment(# The dup method is recommended for prototype object creation.)

-comment(# The default implementation makes a shallow copy,)

-comment(# but each class can override it, for example to make a deep copy.)

-

-comment(# If you want to call 'new' directly on the instances,)

-comment(# you can create a instance method "new", which returns a new duplicate.)

-comment(# This method is distinct from the class method new.)

-comment(#)

-reserved(class) class(A)

-    reserved(def) method(new)

-        ident(dup)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(ob1) operator(=) constant(A)operator(.)ident(new)

-comment(# later on)

-ident(ob2) operator(=) ident(ob1)operator(.)ident(new)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.7)

-ident(methname) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(flicker)delimiter(')>

-ident(obj)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(methname)operator(,) integer(10)operator(\))      comment(# calls obj.flicker(10\))

-

-comment(# call three methods on the object, by name)

-operator([)string<delimiter(')content(start)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(run)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(stop)delimiter(')>operator(])operator(.)ident(each) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(method_string)operator(|)

-    ident(obj)operator(.)ident(send)operator(()ident(method_string)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# Another way is to create a Method object)

-ident(method_obj) operator(=) ident(obj)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(flicker)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(# And then call it)

-ident(method_obj)operator(.)ident(call)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.8)

-comment(# All classes in Ruby inherit from class Object)

-comment(# and thus all objects share methods defined in this class)

-

-comment(# the class of the object)

-ident(puts) ident(any_object)operator(.)ident(type)

-

-comment(# Ruby classes are actually objects of class Class and they)

-comment(# respond to methods defined in Object class as well)

-

-comment(# the superclass of this class)

-ident(puts) ident(any_object)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(superclass)

-

-comment(# ask an object whether it is an instance of particular class)

-ident(n) operator(=) float(4.7)

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(instance_of?)operator(()constant(Float)operator(\))    comment(# true)

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(instance_of?)operator(()constant(Numeric)operator(\))  comment(# false)

-

-comment(# ask an object whether it is an instance of class, one of the)

-comment(# superclasses of the object, or modules included in it)

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Float)operator(\))       comment(# true (the class\))

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Numeric)operator(\))     comment(# true (an ancestor class\))

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(Comparable)operator(\))  comment(# true (a mixin module\))

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(kind_of?)operator(()constant(String)operator(\))      comment(# false)

-

-comment(# ask an object whether it can respond to a particular method)

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(respond_to?)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(+)delimiter(')>operator(\))      comment(# true)

-ident(puts) ident(n)operator(.)ident(respond_to?)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(length)delimiter(')>operator(\)) comment(# false)

-

-comment(# all methods an object can respond to)

-string<delimiter(')content(just a string)delimiter(')>operator(.)ident(methods)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(m)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(m) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.9)

-comment(# Actually any class in Ruby is inheritable)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:age)operator(,) symbol(:name)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        instance_variable(@name)

-        instance_variable(@age)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(dude) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(dude)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jason)delimiter(')>

-ident(dude)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%s is age %d.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(dude)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) ident(dude)operator(.)ident(age)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Inheriting from Person)

-reserved(class) class(Employee) operator(<) constant(Person)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:salary)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(empl) operator(=) constant(Employee)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(empl)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Jason)delimiter(')>

-ident(empl)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

-ident(empl)operator(.)ident(salary) operator(=) integer(200)

-ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%s is age %d, the salary is %d.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(name)operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(age)operator(,) ident(empl)operator(.)ident(salary)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Any built-in class can be inherited the same way)

-reserved(class) class(WeirdString) operator(<) constant(String)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(obj)operator(\))

-        reserved(super) ident(obj)

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(+)operator(()ident(anotherObj)operator(\))   comment(# + method in this class is overridden)

-        comment(# to return the sum of string lengths)

-        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(length) operator(+) ident(anotherObj)operator(.)ident(length)  comment(# 'self' can be omitted)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(a) operator(=) constant(WeirdString)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(hello)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-ident(b) operator(=) constant(WeirdString)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(bye)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(puts) ident(a) operator(+) ident(b)    comment(# the overridden +)

-comment(#=> 8)

-ident(puts) ident(a)operator(.)ident(length) comment(# method from the superclass, String)

-comment(#=> 5)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.11)

-comment(# In ruby you can override the method_missing method)

-comment(# to have a solution similar to perls AUTOLOAD.)

-reserved(class) class(Person)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        instance_variable(@ok_fields) operator(=) string<delimiter(%w()content(name age peers parent)delimiter(\))>

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(valid_attribute?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@ok_fields)operator(.)ident(include?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(method_missing)operator(()ident(namesymbol)operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

-        ident(name) operator(=) ident(namesymbol)operator(.)ident(to_s)

-        reserved(return) reserved(if) ident(name) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^A-Z)delimiter(/)>

-        reserved(if) ident(name)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator([)operator(-)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) operator(()string<delimiter(')content(=)delimiter(')>operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))       comment(# we have a setter)

-            ident(isSetter) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-            ident(name)operator(.)ident(sub!)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(=$)delimiter(/)>operator(,) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-        reserved(if) ident(valid_attribute?)operator(()ident(name)operator(\))

-            reserved(if) ident(isSetter)

-                ident(instance_variable_set)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

-            reserved(else)

-                ident(instance_variable_get)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(@)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(else)

-            comment(# if no annestor is responsible,)

-            comment(# the Object class will throw a NoMethodError exception)

-            reserved(super)operator(()ident(namesymbol)operator(,) operator(*)ident(params)operator(\))

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(new)

-        ident(kid) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

-        ident(kid)operator(.)ident(parent) operator(=) pre_constant(self)

-        ident(kid)

-    reserved(end)

-

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(dad) operator(=) constant(Person)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(dad)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Jason)delimiter(")>

-ident(dad)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(23)

-ident(kid) operator(=) ident(dad)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(kid)operator(.)ident(name) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Rachel)delimiter(")>

-ident(kid)operator(.)ident(age) operator(=) integer(2)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Kid's parent is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(kid)operator(.)ident(parent)operator(.)ident(name)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(puts) ident(dad)

-ident(puts) ident(kid)

-

-reserved(class) class(Employee) operator(<) constant(Person)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)

-        reserved(super)

-        instance_variable(@ok_fields)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(salary)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(boss)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-    reserved(def) method(ok_fields)

-        instance_variable(@ok_fields)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.13)

-comment(# The ruby garbage collector pretends to cope with circular structures.)

-comment(# You can test it with this code:)

-reserved(class) class(RingNode)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:next)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:prev)

-    ident(attr_reader) symbol(:name)

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(aName)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@name) operator(=) ident(aName)

-        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(define_finalizer)operator(()pre_constant(self)operator(,)

-                                     pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(method)operator(()symbol(:finalize)operator(\))operator(.)ident(to_proc)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(finalize)operator(()ident(id)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Node )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(id)delimiter(})>content( dying)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

-        constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(each_object) operator({)operator(|)ident(id)operator(|)

-            ident(puts) ident(id)operator(.)ident(name) reserved(if) ident(id)operator(.)ident(class) operator(==) constant(RingNode)

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(create_test)

-    ident(a) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node A)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(b) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node B)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(c) operator(=) constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(Node C)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(a)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(b)

-    ident(b)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(c)

-    ident(c)operator(.)ident(next) operator(=) ident(a)

-    ident(a)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(c)

-    ident(c)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(b)

-    ident(b)operator(.)ident(prev) operator(=) ident(a)

-

-    ident(a) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-    ident(b) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-    ident(c) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(create_test)

-constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

-constant(ObjectSpace)operator(.)ident(garbage_collect)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(After garbage collection)delimiter(")>

-constant(RingNode)operator(.)ident(show_all_objects)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_13.14)

-reserved(class) class(String)

-    reserved(def) method(<=>)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(casecmp) ident(other)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# There is no way to directly overload the '""' (stringify\))

-comment(# operator in Ruby.  However, by convention, classes which)

-comment(# can reasonably be converted to a String will define a)

-comment(# 'to_s' method as in the TimeNumber class defined below.)

-comment(# The 'puts' method will automatcally call an object's)

-comment(# 'to_s' method as is demonstrated below.)

-comment(# Furthermore, if a class defines a to_str method, an object of that)

-comment(# class can be used most any place where the interpreter is looking)

-comment(# for a String value.)

-

-comment(#---------------------------------------)

-comment(# NOTE: Ruby has a builtin Time class which would usually be used)

-comment(# to manipulate time objects, the following is supplied for)

-comment(# educational purposes to demonstrate operator overloading.)

-comment(#)

-reserved(class) class(TimeNumber)

-    ident(attr_accessor)  symbol(:hours)operator(,)symbol(:minutes)operator(,)symbol(:seconds)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(() ident(hours)operator(,) ident(minutes)operator(,) ident(seconds)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@hours) operator(=) ident(hours)

-        instance_variable(@minutes) operator(=) ident(minutes)

-        instance_variable(@seconds) operator(=) ident(seconds)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_s)

-        reserved(return) ident(sprintf)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(%d:%02d:%02d)delimiter(")>operator(,) instance_variable(@hours)operator(,) instance_variable(@minutes)operator(,) instance_variable(@seconds)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_str)

-        ident(to_s)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(+)operator(() ident(other)operator(\))

-        ident(seconds) operator(=) instance_variable(@seconds) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(seconds)

-        ident(minutes) operator(=) instance_variable(@minutes) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(minutes)

-        ident(hours) operator(=) instance_variable(@hours) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(hours)

-        reserved(if) ident(seconds) operator(>)operator(=) integer(60)

-            ident(seconds) operator(%=) integer(60)

-            ident(minutes) operator(+=) integer(1)

-        reserved(end)

-        reserved(if) ident(minutes) operator(>)operator(=) integer(60)

-            ident(minutes) operator(%=) integer(60)

-            ident(hours) operator(+=) integer(1)

-        reserved(end)

-        reserved(return) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(hours)operator(,) ident(minutes)operator(,) ident(seconds)operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(-)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(*)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(/)operator(() ident(other)operator(\))

-        ident(raise) constant(NotImplementedError)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(t1) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(58)operator(,) integer(59)operator(\))

-ident(sec) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))

-ident(min) operator(=) constant(TimeNumber)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-ident(puts) ident(t1) operator(+) ident(sec) operator(+) ident(min) operator(+) ident(min)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# StrNum class example: Ruby's builtin String class already has the)

-comment(# capabilities outlined in StrNum Perl example, however the '*' operator)

-comment(# on Ruby's String class acts differently: It creates a string which)

-comment(# is the original string repeated N times.)

-comment(#)

-comment(# Using Ruby's String class as is in this example:)

-ident(x) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Red)delimiter(")>operator(;) ident(y) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Black)delimiter(")>

-ident(z) operator(=) ident(x)operator(+)ident(y)

-ident(r) operator(=) ident(z)operator(*)integer(3) comment(# r is "RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack")

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(values are )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content(, )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>content(, and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(r)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( is )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(x) operator(<) ident(y) operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(LT)delimiter(")> operator(:) string<delimiter(")content(GE)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(# prints:)

-comment(# values are Red, Black, RedBlack, and RedBlackRedBlackRedBlack)

-comment(# Red is GE Black)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(class) class(FixNum)

-    constant(REGEX) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(()char(\\.)char(\\d)content(*\))delimiter(/)>

-    constant(DEFAULT_PLACES) operator(=) integer(0)

-    ident(attr_accessor) symbol(:value)operator(,) symbol(:places)

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(value)operator(,) ident(places) operator(=) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@value) operator(=) ident(value)

-        reserved(if) ident(places)

-            instance_variable(@places) operator(=) ident(places)

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(m) operator(=) constant(REGEX)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_s)operator(\))

-            reserved(if) ident(m)

-                instance_variable(@places) operator(=) ident(m)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(length) operator(-) integer(1)

-            reserved(else)

-                instance_variable(@places) operator(=) constant(DEFAULT_PLACES)

-            reserved(end)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(+)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value) operator(+) ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(,) ident(max)operator(()instance_variable(@places)operator(,) ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\))operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(*)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value) operator(*) ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(,) ident(max)operator(()instance_variable(@places)operator(,) ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\))operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(/)operator(()ident(other)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Divide: )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(/)ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_f)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-        ident(result) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(/)ident(other)operator(.)ident(value)operator(.)ident(to_f)operator(\))

-        ident(result)operator(.)ident(places) operator(=) ident(max)operator(()ident(result)operator(.)ident(places)operator(,)ident(other)operator(.)ident(places)operator(\))

-        ident(result)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_s)

-        ident(sprintf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(STR%s: %.*f)delimiter(")>operator(,) pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(class)operator(.)ident(to_s) operator(,) instance_variable(@places)operator(,) instance_variable(@value)operator(\))   comment(#.)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_str)

-        ident(to_s)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_i) comment(#convert to int)

-        instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_i)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(to_f) comment(#convert to float`)

-        instance_variable(@value)operator(.)ident(to_f)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    ident(private)

-    reserved(def) method(max)operator(()ident(a)operator(,)ident(b)operator(\))

-        ident(a) operator(>) ident(b) operator(?) ident(a) operator(:) ident(b)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(demo)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(x) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(40)operator(\))

-    ident(y) operator(=) constant(FixNum)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(12)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(sum of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)operator(+)ident(y)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(product of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( and )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)operator(*)ident(y)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-    ident(z) operator(=) ident(x)operator(/)ident(y)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>content( has )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)operator(.)ident(places)delimiter(})>content( places)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(unless) ident(z)operator(.)ident(places)

-        ident(z)operator(.)ident(places) operator(=) integer(2)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(div of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(x)delimiter(})>content( by )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(y)delimiter(})>content( is )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(square of that is  )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(z)operator(*)ident(z)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(if) pre_constant(__FILE__) operator(==) global_variable($0)

-    ident(demo)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.1)

-comment(# There are dbm, sdbm, gdbm modules)

-comment(# and the bdb module for accessing the berkeley db)

-comment(# sdbm seem to be available on the most systems,)

-comment(# so we use it here)

-comment(#)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

-constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(dbobj)operator(|)

-    comment(# raises exception if open error)

-

-    comment(# the returned sdbm-dbobj has most of the methods of a hash)

-    ident(v) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(])

-    ident(dbobj)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(newvalue)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(if) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(key)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        comment(# ...)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(key2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-operator(})

-comment(# database is open only inside the block.)

-

-comment(# It is also possible to use a open .. close pair:)

-ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-comment(#.. do something with dbobj)

-ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# userstats - generate statistics on who is logged in)

-comment(# call with usernames as argument to display the totals)

-comment(# for the given usernames, call with "ALL" to display all users)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

-ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(/tmp/userstats.db)delimiter(')>

-constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(dbobj)operator(|)

-    reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(>) integer(0)

-        reserved(if) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) string<delimiter(")content(ALL)delimiter(")>

-            comment(# ARGV is constant, so we need the variable userlist)

-            ident(userlist) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(keys)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(sort)operator(()operator(\))

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(userlist) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)

-        reserved(end)

-        ident(userlist)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(user)operator(|)

-            ident(print) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(user)delimiter(})>char(\\t)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(user)operator(])delimiter(})>char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-        operator(})

-    reserved(else)

-        ident(who) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(who)delimiter(`)>

-        ident(who)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-            ident(md) operator(=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\S)content(+\))delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-            ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(Bad line from who: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(line)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(md)

-            comment(# sdbm stores only strings, so "+=" doesn't work,)

-            comment(# we need to convert them expicitly back to integer.)

-            reserved(if) ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))

-                ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(.)ident(to_i) operator(+) integer(1)

-            reserved(else)

-                ident(dbobj)operator([)ident(md)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(1)delimiter(")>

-            reserved(end)

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.2)

-comment(# using open and clear)

-ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(clear)operator(()operator(\))

-ident(dbobj)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

-comment(# deleting file and recreating it)

-comment(# the filenames depend on the flavor of dbm you use,)

-comment(# for example sdbm has two files named filename.pag and filename.dir,)

-comment(# so you need to delete both files)

-reserved(begin)

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(delete)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    comment(# raises Exception if not exist)

-    ident(dbobj) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(filename)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    comment(# add error handling here)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.3)

-comment(# sdbm2gdbm: converts sdbm database to a gdbm database)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(gdbm)delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(==) integer(2)

-    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(usage: sdbm2gdbm infile outfile)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(infile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(outfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-

-ident(sdb) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile)operator(\))

-ident(gdb) operator(=) constant(GDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(outfile)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-ident(sdb)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(key)operator(,) ident(val)operator(|)

-    ident(gdb)operator([)ident(key)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

-operator(})

-ident(gdb)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(sdb)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.4)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# dbmmerge: merges two dbm databases)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(unless) pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(length) operator(==) integer(3)

-    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(usage: dbmmerge indb1 indb2 outdb)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(infile1) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(infile2) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(outfile) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(2)operator(])

-

-ident(in1) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile1)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

-ident(in2) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(infile2)operator(,) pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

-ident(outdb) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(outfile)operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-

-operator([)ident(in1)operator(,) ident(in2)operator(])operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(indb)operator(|)

-    ident(indb)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(key)operator(,) ident(val)operator(|)

-        reserved(if) ident(outdb)operator(.)ident(has_key?)operator(()ident(key)operator(\))

-            comment(# decide which value to set.)

-            comment(# set outdb[key] if necessary)

-        reserved(else)

-            ident(outdb)operator([)ident(key)operator(]) operator(=) ident(val)

-        reserved(end)

-    operator(})

-operator(})

-ident(in1)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(in2)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(outdb)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.7)

-comment(# we write a tie method that extends the Array class.)

-comment(# It reads the file into the memory, executes the code block)

-comment(# in which you can manipulate the array as needed, and writes)

-comment(# the array back to the file after the end of the block execution)

-reserved(class) class(Array)

-    reserved(def) method(tie)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\))

-        constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(flags)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-            ident(f)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-                pre_constant(self)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()ident(line)operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(\))

-            operator(})

-            reserved(yield)

-            ident(f)operator(.)ident(rewind)

-            ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-                reserved(if) ident(line)

-                    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()ident(line)operator(\))

-                reserved(else)

-                    ident(f)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-                reserved(end)

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(array) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(array)operator(.)ident(tie)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/tmp/textfile.txt)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR)operator(|)constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) operator({)

-    ident(array)operator([)integer(4)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(a new line 4)delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-comment(# The tied array can be manipulated like a normal array,)

-comment(# so there is no need for a special API, and the recno_demo program)

-comment(# to demonstrate is API is useless)

-

-

-comment(# tied array demo: show how to use array with a tied file)

-ident(filename) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(db_file.txt)delimiter(")>

-ident(lines) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(.)ident(new)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(unlink)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\)) reserved(if) constant(File)operator(.)ident(exists?)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-ident(lines)operator(.)ident(tie)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) constant(File)operator(::)constant(RDWR) operator(|) constant(File)operator(::)constant(CREAT)operator(\)) operator({)

-    comment(# first create a textfile to play with)

-    ident(lines)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(zero)delimiter(")>

-    ident(lines)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(one)delimiter(")>

-    ident(lines)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(two)delimiter(")>

-    ident(lines)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(three)delimiter(")>

-    ident(lines)operator([)integer(4)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(four)delimiter(")>

-

-    comment(# print the records in order.)

-    comment(# Opposed to perl, the tied array behaves exactly as a normal array)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(Original)delimiter(")>

-    reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) integer(0)operator(..)operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(length)operator(-)integer(1)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    reserved(end)

-

-    comment(#use push and pop)

-    ident(a) operator(=) ident(lines)operator(.)ident(pop)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(last)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(The last line was [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-    comment(#use shift and unshift)

-    ident(a) operator(=) ident(lines)operator(.)ident(shift)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(unshift)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(first)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(The first line was [)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(a)delimiter(})>content(])delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-    comment(# add record after record 2)

-    ident(i) operator(=) integer(2)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(i) operator(+) integer(1)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Newbie)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-    comment(# add record before record one)

-    ident(i) operator(=) integer(1)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(insert)operator(()ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(New One)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-    comment(# delete record 3)

-    ident(lines)operator(.)ident(delete_at)operator(()integer(3)operator(\))

-

-    comment(#now print the records in reverse order)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)content(Reverse)delimiter(")>

-    operator(()ident(lines)operator(.)ident(length) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(.)ident(downto)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(i)delimiter(})>content(: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(lines)operator([)ident(i)operator(])delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    operator(})

-

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.8)

-comment(# example to store complex data in a database)

-comment(# uses marshall from the standard library)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(sdbm)delimiter(")>

-ident(db) operator(=) constant(SDBM)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(pleac14-8-database)delimiter(")>operator(,) integer(0666)operator(\))

-

-comment(# convert the Objects into strings and back by using the Marshal module.)

-comment(# Most normal objects can be converted out of the box,)

-comment(# but not special things like procedure objects,)

-comment(# IO instance variables, singleton objects)

-

-ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Christiansen)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(")content(book author)delimiter(")>operator(,)  string<delimiter(")content(tchrist@perl.com)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

-ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()operator([)string<delimiter(")content(shareware author)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-string<delimiter(")content(boutell@boutell.com)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

-

-ident(name1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Tom Christiansen)delimiter(")>

-ident(name2) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>

-

-ident(tom1) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)ident(name1)operator(])operator(\))

-ident(tom2) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)ident(name2)operator(])operator(\))

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Two Toming: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tom1)delimiter(})>content( )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(tom2)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-

-reserved(if) ident(tom1)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(==) ident(tom2)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(&&) ident(tom1)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) ident(tom2)operator([)integer(1)operator(])

-   ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(You're having runtime fun with one Tom made two.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(else)

-   ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(No two Toms are ever alike)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# To change parts of an entry, get the whole entry, change the parts,)

-comment(# and save the whole entry back)

-ident(entry) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(])operator(\))

-ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Poet Programmer)delimiter(")>

-ident(db)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Tom Boutell)delimiter(")>operator(]) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()ident(entry)operator(\))

-ident(db)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.9)

-comment(# example to make data persistent)

-comment(# uses Marshal from the standard lib)

-comment(# Stores the data in a simple file,)

-comment(# see 14.8 on how to store it in a dbm file)

-

-comment(# The BEGIN block is executed before the rest of the script)

-comment(# we use global variables here because local variables)

-comment(# will go out of scope and are not accessible from the main script)

-

-reserved(BEGIN) operator({)

-   global_variable($persistent_store) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(persitence.dat)delimiter(")>

-   reserved(begin)

-     constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($persistent_store)operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-       global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

-       global_variable($arrayvariable2) operator(=) constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(load)operator(()ident(f)operator(\))

-     reserved(end)

-   reserved(rescue)

-     ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Can not open )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($persistent_store)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-     comment(# Initialisation if this script runs the first time)

-     global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-     global_variable($arrayvariable2) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-   reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-reserved(END) operator({)

-   constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()global_variable($persistent_store)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(f)operator(|)

-     constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()global_variable($stringvariable1)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))

-     constant(Marshal)operator(.)ident(dump)operator(()global_variable($arrayvariable2)operator(,) ident(f)operator(\))

-   reserved(end)

-operator(})

-

-comment(# simple test program)

-ident(puts) global_variable($stringvariable1)

-ident(puts) global_variable($arrayvariable2)

-global_variable($stringvariable1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Hello World)delimiter(")>

-global_variable($arrayvariable2)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))

-ident(puts) global_variable($stringvariable1)

-ident(puts) global_variable($arrayvariable2)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_14.10)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# Ruby has a dbi module with an architecture similar)

-comment(# to the Perl dbi module: the dbi module provides an unified)

-comment(# interface and uses specialized drivers for each dbms vendor)

-comment(#)

-reserved(begin)

-    constant(DBI)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DBI:driver:driverspecific)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(username)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(auth)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

-        operator(|)ident(dbh)operator(|)

-

-        ident(dbh)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()constant(SQL1)operator(\))

-

-        ident(dbh)operator(.)ident(prepare)operator(()constant(SQL2)operator(\))operator({) operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

-            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(execute)

-            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(fetch) operator({)operator(|)ident(row)operator(|)

-                comment(# ...)

-            operator(})

-        operator(}) comment(# end of block finishes the statement handle)

-    operator(}) comment(# end of block closes the database connection)

-reserved(rescue) constant(DBI)operator(::)constant(DatabaseError) operator(=)operator(>) ident(e)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dbi error occurred)delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error code: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(err)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error message: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(errstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# dbusers - example for mysql which creates a table,)

-comment(# fills it with values, retrieves the values back,)

-comment(# and finally destroys the table.)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(dbi)delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# replacement for the User::pwnt module)

-reserved(def) method(getpwent)

-    ident(result) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(file)operator(|)

-        ident(file)operator(.)ident(each_line) operator({)operator(|)ident(line)operator(|)

-            reserved(next) reserved(if) ident(line)operator(.)ident(match)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)content(^#)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-            ident(cols) operator(=) ident(line)operator(.)ident(split)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(:)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-            ident(result)operator(.)ident(push)operator(()operator([)ident(cols)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(,) ident(cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(\))

-        operator(})

-    operator(})

-    ident(result)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    constant(DBI)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DBI:Mysql:pleacdatabase)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(pleac)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(pleacpassword)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

-        operator(|)ident(conn)operator(|)

-

-        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(CREATE TABLE users (uid INT, login CHAR(8\)\))delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-        ident(users) operator(=) ident(getpwent)

-

-        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(prepare)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?\))delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

-            ident(users)operator(.)ident(each) operator({)operator(|)ident(entry)operator(|)

-                ident(sth)operator(.)ident(execute)operator(()ident(entry)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(entry)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-

-        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(execute)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SELECT uid, login FROM users WHERE uid < 50)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(sth)operator(|)

-            ident(sth)operator(.)ident(fetch) operator({)operator(|)ident(row)operator(|)

-                ident(puts) ident(row)operator(.)ident(collect) operator({)operator(|)ident(col)operator(|)

-                    reserved(if) ident(col)operator(.)ident(nil?)

-                        string<delimiter(")content((null\))delimiter(")>

-                    reserved(else)

-                        ident(col)

-                    reserved(end)

-                operator(})operator(.)ident(join)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(, )delimiter(")>operator(\))

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-

-        ident(conn)operator(.)ident(do)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(DROP TABLE users)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    operator(})

-reserved(rescue) constant(DBI)operator(::)constant(DatabaseError) operator(=)operator(>) ident(e)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(dbi error occurred)delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error code: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(err)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Error message: )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(e)operator(.)ident(errstr)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_15.1)

-comment(# This test program demonstrates parsing program arguments.)

-comment(# It uses the optparse library, which is included with ruby 1.8)

-comment(# It handles classic unix style and gnu style options)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(optparse)delimiter(')>

-

-instance_variable(@debugmode) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

-instance_variable(@verbose) operator(=) pre_constant(false)

-

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(options) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(opts)operator(|)

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(banner) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(Usage: ruby )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($0)delimiter(})>content( [OPTIONS] INPUTFILES)delimiter(")>

-

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-h)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--help)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(show this message)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

-        ident(puts) ident(opts)

-        ident(exit)

-    operator(})

-    comment(# The OptionParser#on method is called with a specification of short)

-    comment(# options, of long options, a data type spezification and user help)

-    comment(# messages for this option.)

-    comment(# The method analyses the given parameter and decides what it is,)

-    comment(# so you can leave out the long option if you don't need it)

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-v)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--[no-]verbose=[FLAG])delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(TrueClass)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(run verbosly)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

-        operator(|)instance_variable(@verbose)operator(|)   comment(# sets @verbose to true or false)

-    operator(})

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-D)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--DEBUG)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(TrueClass)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(turns on debug mode)delimiter(")> operator(\))operator({)

-        operator(|)instance_variable(@debugmode)operator(|)   comment(# sets @debugmode to true)

-    operator(})

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-c)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--count=NUMBER)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(Integer)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(how many times we do it)delimiter(")> operator(\))operator({)

-        operator(|)instance_variable(@count)operator(|)      comment(# sets @count to given integer)

-    operator(})

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(on)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(-o)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(--output=FILE)delimiter(")>operator(,) constant(String)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(file to write output to)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator({)

-        operator(|)instance_variable(@outputfile)operator(|)   comment(# sets @outputfile to given string)

-    operator(})

-    ident(opts)operator(.)ident(parse!)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# example to use the options in the main program)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Verbose is on)delimiter(")> reserved(if) instance_variable(@verbose)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Debugmode is on)delimiter(")> reserved(if) instance_variable(@debugmode)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Outfile is )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@outputfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) reserved(defined?) instance_variable(@outputfile)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Count is )inline<delimiter(#{)instance_variable(@count)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) reserved(defined?) instance_variable(@count)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(param)operator(|)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Got parameter )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(param)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_15.4)

-ident(buf) operator(=) string<delimiter(")char(\\0)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(8)

-global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(ioctl)operator(()integer(0x5413)operator(,) ident(buf)operator(\))

-ident(ws_row)operator(,) ident(ws_col)operator(,) ident(ws_xpixel)operator(,) ident(ws_ypixel) operator(=) ident(buf)operator(.)ident(unpack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(S4)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(You must have at least 20 characters)delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(ws_col) operator(>)operator(=) integer(20)

-ident(max) operator(=) integer(0)

-ident(values) operator(=) operator(()integer(1)operator(..)integer(5)operator(\))operator(.)ident(collect) operator({) ident(rand)operator(()integer(20)operator(\)) operator(})  comment(# generate an array[5] of rand values)

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(values)

-    ident(max) operator(=) ident(i) reserved(if) ident(max) operator(<) ident(i)

-reserved(end)

-ident(ratio) operator(=) constant(Float)operator(()ident(ws_col)operator(-)integer(12)operator(\))operator(/)ident(max)          comment(# chars per unit)

-reserved(for) ident(i) reserved(in) ident(values)

-    ident(printf) string<delimiter(")content(%8.1f %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(i)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(*)delimiter(")> operator(*) operator(()ident(ratio)operator(*)ident(i)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# gives, for example:)

-comment(#   15.0 *******************************)

-comment(#   10.0 *********************)

-comment(#    5.0 **********)

-comment(#   14.0 *****************************)

-comment(#   18.0 **************************************)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.1)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(program args)delimiter(`)>       comment(# collect output into one multiline string)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(program args)delimiter(`)>operator(.)ident(split) comment(# collect output into array, one line per)

-ident(element)

-

-ident(readme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(output) operator(=) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    ident(output) operator(+=) global_variable($_)

-reserved(end)

-ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-shell<delimiter(`)content(fsck -y /dev/rsd1a)delimiter(`)>  comment(# BAD AND SCARY in Perl because it's managed by the shell)

-                      comment(# I donna in Ruby ...)

-

-comment(# so the "clean and secure" version)

-ident(readme)operator(,) ident(writeme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(pipe)

-ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) operator({)

-    comment(# child)

-    global_variable($stdout) operator(=) ident(writeme)

-    ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

-    ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(find)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(..)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-operator(})

-comment(# parent)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(waitpid)operator(()ident(pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(close)

-reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    comment(# do something with $_)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.2)

-ident(status) operator(=) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(xemacs )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(myfile)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(status) operator(=) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(xemacs)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(myfile)operator(\))

-

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(# stop if the command fails)

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content($program exited funny: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(unless) ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(args1)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(args2)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(# get the value of the signal sent to the child)

-comment(# even if it is a SIGINT or SIGQUIT)

-ident(system)operator(()ident(arglist)operator(\))

-ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(program killed by signal )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($?)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($?) operator(&) integer(127)operator(\)) operator(!=) integer(0)

-

-ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) operator({)

-    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SIGINT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(IGNORE)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(10)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-operator(})

-ident(trap) operator(()string<delimiter(")content(SIGINT)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Tsk tsk, no process interruptus)delimiter(")>

-operator(})

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(waitpid)operator(()ident(pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-

-comment(# Ruby doesn't permit to lie to the program called by a 'system'.)

-comment(# (ie specify what return argv[0] in C, $0 in Perl/Ruby ...\))

-comment(# A (dirty\) way is to create a link (under Unix\), run this link and)

-comment(# erase it. Somebody has a best idea ?)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.3)

-ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive *.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(accounting.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-ident(exec)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(archive accounting.data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.4)

-comment(# read the output of a program)

-constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(readme)operator(|)

-    reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-        comment(# ...)

-    reserved(end)

-operator(})

-comment(# or)

-ident(readme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(readme)operator(.)ident(gets) reserved(do)

-    comment(# ...)

-reserved(end)

-ident(readme)operator(.)ident(close)

-

-comment(# "write" in a program)

-constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({)operator(|)ident(pipe)operator(|)

-    ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(data)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(pipe)operator(.)ident(puts)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(foo)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-operator(})

-

-comment(# close wait for the end of the process)

-ident(read) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep 10000)delimiter(")>operator(\)) comment(# child goes to sleep)

-ident(read)operator(.)ident(close)                     comment(# and the parent goes to lala land)

-

-ident(writeme) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cmd args)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(hello)delimiter(")> comment(# program will get hello\\n on STDIN)

-ident(writeme)operator(.)ident(close)        comment(# program will get EOF on STDIN)

-

-comment(# send in a pager (eg less\) all output)

-global_variable($stdout) operator(=) constant(IO)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/usr/bin/less)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(huge string)char(\\n)delimiter(")> operator(*) integer(10000)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.5)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(def) method(head)operator(()ident(lines) operator(=) integer(20)operator(\))

-    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(return)

-    reserved(else)

-        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-            ident(pid)operator(.)ident(print)

-            ident(lines) operator(-=) integer(1)

-            reserved(break) reserved(if) ident(lines) operator(==) integer(0)

-        reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(exit)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(head)operator(()integer(100)operator(\))

-reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-    ident(print)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-integer(1)operator(:) operator(>) constant(Welcome) ident(to) constant(Linux)operator(,) ident(version) float(2.0)operator(.)integer(33) ident(on) ident(a) ident(i686)

-

-integer(2)operator(:) operator(>)

-

-integer(3)operator(:) operator(>)     string<delimiter(")content(The software required `Windows 95 or better',

-

-4: >      so I installed Linux.)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-operator(>) integer(1)operator(:) constant(Welcome) ident(to) constant(Linux)operator(,) constant(Kernel) ident(version) float(2.0)operator(.)integer(33) ident(on) ident(a) ident(i686)

-

-operator(>) integer(2)operator(:)

-

-operator(>) integer(3)operator(:)     string<delimiter(")content(The software required `Windows 95 or better',

-

-> 4:      so I installed Linux.)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-comment(# qnumcat - demo additive output filters)

-

-reserved(def) method(number)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(return)

-    reserved(else)

-        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(printf)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(%d: %s)delimiter(")>operator(,) global_variable($.)operator(,) global_variable($_)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(exit)

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(def) method(quote)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(pid) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|-)delimiter(")>operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    reserved(if) ident(pid) operator(==) pre_constant(nil)

-        reserved(return)

-    reserved(else)

-        reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do) ident(pid)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(> )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($_)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> reserved(end)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(exit)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(number)operator(()operator(\))

-ident(quote)operator(()operator(\))

-

-reserved(while) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-    ident(print)

-reserved(end)

-global_variable($stdout)operator(.)ident(close)

-ident(exit)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.6)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(map!) operator({) operator(|)ident(arg)operator(|)

-    ident(arg) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\.)content((gz|Z\)$)delimiter(/)> operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(|gzip -dc )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(arg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(:) ident(arg)

-operator(})

-reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

-    ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-    reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-        comment(# .......)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-pre_constant(ARGV)operator(.)ident(map!) operator({) operator(|)ident(arg)operator(|)

-    ident(arg) operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(%r#)content(^)char(\\w)content(+://)delimiter(#)> operator(?) string<delimiter(")content(|GET )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(arg)delimiter(})>delimiter(")> operator(:) ident(arg)   comment(#)

-operator(})

-reserved(for) ident(file) reserved(in) pre_constant(ARGV)

-    ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-    reserved(while) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(do)

-        comment(# .......)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(pwdinfo) operator(=) operator(()shell<delimiter(`)content(domainname)delimiter(`)> operator(=)operator(~) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^()char(\\()content(none)char(\\\))content(\)?$)delimiter(/)>operator(\)) operator(?) string<delimiter(')content(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')> operator(:) string<delimiter(')content(|ypcat  passwd)delimiter(')>operator(;)

-ident(pwd) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(pwdinfo)operator(\))operator(;)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(File, please? )delimiter(")>operator(;)

-ident(file) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(()operator(\))operator(;)

-ident(fh) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))operator(;)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.7)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>&1)delimiter(`)>                            comment(# with backticks)

-comment(# or)

-ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>&1)delimiter(")>operator(\))                         comment(# with an open pipe)

-reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(`)>                     comment(# with backticks)

-comment(# or)

-ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(")>operator(\))                  comment(# with an open pipe)

-reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(`)>                comment(# with backticks)

-comment(# or)

-ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(")>operator(\))             comment(# with an open pipe)

-reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(`)>             comment(# with backticks)

-comment(# or)

-ident(ph) operator(=) ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(")>operator(\))          comment(# with an open pipe)

-reserved(while) ident(ph)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) operator(})                            comment(# plus a read)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(output) operator(=) shell<delimiter(`)content(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-)delimiter(`)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(fd3) operator(=) ident(fd1)

-ident(fd1) operator(=) ident(fd2)

-ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd3)

-ident(fd3) operator(=) reserved(undef)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-method(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# system ("prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1"\))

-ident(fd1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(tmpfile)delimiter(")>          comment(# change stdout destination first)

-ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd1)                comment(# now point stderr there, too)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# system("prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile"\))

-ident(fd2) operator(=) ident(fd1)                comment(# stderr same destination as stdout)

-ident(fd1) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(tmpfile)delimiter(")>          comment(# but change stdout destination)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# It is often better not to rely on the shell,)

-comment(# because of portability, possible security problems)

-comment(# and bigger resource usage. So, it is often better to use the open3 library.)

-comment(# See below for an example.)

-comment(# opening stdin, stdout, stderr)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(")content(open3)delimiter(")>

-ident(stdin)operator(,) ident(stdout)operator(,) ident(stderr) operator(=) constant(Open3)operator(.)ident(popen)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(cmd)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.8)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Contrary to perl, we don't need to use a module in Ruby)

-ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(program)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(fh)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(here's your input)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(output) operator(=) ident(fh)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))

-ident(fh)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|program)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(,)string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))    comment(# RIGHT !)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Ruby has already object methods for I/O handles)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(fh) operator(=) constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(|)delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(program_and_options)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w+)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    reserved(if) operator(()global_variable($@) operator(~=) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^open)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-        global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(open failed : )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>content( )char(\\n)content( )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($@)delimiter(})>content( )char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-        reserved(break)

-    reserved(end)

-    ident(raise)      comment(# reraise unforseen exception)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.13)

-comment(#% kill -l)

-comment(#HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE)

-comment(#ALRM TERM CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM)

-comment(#PROF WINCH POLL PWR)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#% ruby -e 'puts Signal.list.keys.join(" "\)')

-comment(#PWR USR1 BUS USR2 TERM SEGV KILL POLL STOP SYS TRAP IOT HUP INT                                                                          #)

-comment(#WINCH XCPU TTIN CLD TSTP FPE IO TTOU PROF CHLD CONT PIPE ABRT)

-comment(#VTALRM QUIT ILL XFSZ URG ALRM)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# After that, the perl script create an hash equivalent to Signal.list,)

-comment(# and an array. The array can be obtained by :)

-ident(signame) operator(=) operator([)operator(])

-constant(Signal)operator(.)ident(list)operator(.)ident(each) operator({) operator(|)ident(name)operator(,) ident(i)operator(|) ident(signame)operator([)ident(i)operator(]) operator(=) ident(name) operator(})

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.14)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()integer(9)operator(,) ident(pid)operator(\))                    comment(# send $pid a signal 9)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()operator(-)integer(1)operator(,) constant(Process)operator(.)ident(getpgrp)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))     comment(# send whole job a signal 1)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(USR1)delimiter(")>operator(,) global_variable($$)operator(\))                comment(# send myself a SIGUSR1)

-constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(HUP)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(pid1)operator(,) ident(pid2)operator(,) ident(pid3)operator(\))   comment(# send a SIGHUP to processes in @pids)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(begin)

-    constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(minion)operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( is alive!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(EPERM)                     comment(# changed uid)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( has escaped my control!)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(rescue) constant(Errno)operator(::)constant(ESRCH)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( is deceased.)delimiter(")>operator(;)      comment(# or zombied)

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Odd; I couldn't check the status of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(minion)delimiter(})>content( : )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.15)

-constant(Kernel)operator(.)ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(QUIT)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(got_sig_quit)operator(\))       comment(# got_sig_quit = Proc.new { puts "Quit\\n" })

-ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(PIPE)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(got_sig_quit)delimiter(")>operator(\))            comment(# def got_sig_pipe ...)

-ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(\)) operator({) ident(ouch)operator(+)operator(+) operator(})                  comment(# increment ouch for every SIGINT)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(IGNORE)delimiter(")>operator(\))                   comment(# ignore the signal INT)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(STOP)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(DEFAULT)delimiter(")>operator(\))                 comment(# restore default STOP signal handling)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.16)

-comment(# the signal handler)

-reserved(def) method(ding)

-    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(ding)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")char(\\a)content(Enter your name!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# prompt for name, overriding SIGINT)

-reserved(def) method(get_name)

-    ident(save) operator(=) ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(ding)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: )delimiter(")>

-    ident(name) operator(=) ident(gets)operator(()operator(\))operator(.)ident(chomp)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(INT)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(save)operator(\))

-    ident(name)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_16.21)

-comment(# implemented thanks to http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1760)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

-

-comment(# we'll do something vastly more useful than cookbook to demonstrate timeouts)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(5)operator(\)) operator({)

-        ident(waitsec) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(10)operator(\))

-        ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Let's see if a sleep of )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(waitsec)delimiter(})>content( seconds is longer than 5 seconds...)delimiter(")>

-        ident(system)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(sleep )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(waitsec)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    operator(})

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timeout didn't occur)delimiter(")>

-reserved(rescue) constant(Timeout)operator(::)constant(Error)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timed out!)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_17.1)

-comment(# A basic TCP client connection)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(t) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(else)

-    comment(# ... do something with the socket)

-    ident(t)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(GET / HTTP/1.0)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-    ident(answer) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(gets)operator(()pre_constant(nil)operator(\))

-    comment(# and terminate the connection when we're done)

-    ident(t)operator(.)ident(close)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# Using the evil low level socket API)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-comment(# create a socket)

-ident(s) operator(=) constant(Socket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(AF_INET)operator(,) constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-comment(# build the address of the remote machine)

-ident(sockaddr_server) operator(=) operator([)constant(Socket)operator(::)constant(AF_INET)operator(,) integer(80)operator(,)

-    constant(Socket)operator(.)ident(gethostbyname)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.ruby-lang.org)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator([)integer(3)operator(])operator(,)

-    integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(])operator(.)ident(pack)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(snA4NN)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# connect)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(s)operator(.)ident(connect)operator(()ident(sockaddr_server)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(else)

-    comment(# ... do something with the socket)

-    ident(s)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(GET / HTTP/1.0)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-    comment(# and terminate the connection when we're done)

-    ident(s)operator(.)ident(close)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# TCP connection with management of error (DNS\))

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(client) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(does not exists)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# TCP connection with a time out)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(do) comment(#the server has one second to answer)

-        ident(client) operator(=) constant(TCPSocket)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(www.host.com)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(www)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(rescue)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(error: )inline<delimiter(#{)global_variable($!)delimiter(})>delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_17.12)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(socket)delimiter(')>

-

-reserved(class) class(Preforker)

-    ident(attr_reader) operator(()symbol(:child_count)operator(\))

-

-    reserved(def) method(initialize)operator(()ident(prefork)operator(,) ident(max_clients_per_child)operator(,) ident(port)operator(,) ident(client_handler)operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@prefork) operator(=) ident(prefork)

-        instance_variable(@max_clients_per_child) operator(=) ident(max_clients_per_child)

-        instance_variable(@port) operator(=) ident(port)

-        instance_variable(@child_count) operator(=) integer(0)

-

-        instance_variable(@reaper) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({)

-            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@reaper)operator(\))

-            ident(pid) operator(=) constant(Process)operator(.)ident(wait)

-            instance_variable(@child_count) operator(-=) integer(1)

-        operator(})

-

-        instance_variable(@huntsman) operator(=) ident(proc) operator({)

-            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(IGNORE)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-            ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(IGNORE)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-            constant(Process)operator(.)ident(kill)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))

-            ident(exit)

-        operator(})

-

-        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(=)ident(client_handler)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(child_handler)

-        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(EXIT)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(setUp)

-        comment(# wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT)

-        instance_variable(@max_clients_per_child)operator(.)ident(times) operator({)

-            ident(client) operator(=) instance_variable(@server)operator(.)ident(accept) reserved(or) reserved(break)

-            instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(handle_request)operator(()ident(client)operator(\))

-            ident(client)operator(.)ident(close)

-        operator(})

-        instance_variable(@client_handler)operator(.)ident(tearDown)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(make_new_child)

-        comment(# wish: sigprocmask block SIGINT)

-        instance_variable(@child_count) operator(+=) integer(1)

-        ident(pid) operator(=) ident(fork) reserved(do)

-            ident(child_handler)

-        reserved(end)

-        comment(# wish: sigprocmask UNblock SIGINT)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(run)

-        instance_variable(@server) operator(=) constant(TCPserver)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()instance_variable(@port)operator(\))

-        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(CHLD)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@reaper)operator(\))

-        ident(trap)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(INT)delimiter(')>operator(,) instance_variable(@huntsman)operator(\))

-        ident(loop) operator({)

-            operator(()instance_variable(@prefork) operator(-) instance_variable(@child_count)operator(\))operator(.)ident(times) operator({) operator(|)ident(i)operator(|)

-                ident(make_new_child)

-            operator(})

-            ident(sleep) operator(.)integer(1)

-        operator(})

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(Preforker)delimiter(')>

-

-reserved(class) class(ClientHandler)

-    reserved(def) method(setUp)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(tearDown)

-    reserved(end)

-

-    reserved(def) method(handle_request)operator(()ident(client)operator(\))

-        comment(# do stuff)

-    reserved(end)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(server) operator(=) constant(Preforker)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(100)operator(,) integer(3102)operator(,) constant(ClientHandler)operator(.)ident(new)operator(\))

-ident(server)operator(.)ident(run)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.2)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(net/ftp)delimiter(')>

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(ftp) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,)ident(password)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(directory)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(FTP failed: )delimiter(")> operator(+) global_variable($!)

-reserved(ensure)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(if) ident(ftp)

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# A better solution for a local use could be :)

-constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(ftp)operator(|)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,)ident(password)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()ident(directory)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-comment(# If you have only one file to get, there is a simple solution :)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(open-uri)delimiter(')>

-ident(open)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp://www.ruby-lang.org/path/filename)delimiter(")>operator(\)) reserved(do) operator(|)ident(fh)operator(|)

-    comment(# read from filehandle fh)

-reserved(end)

-comment(#--------------------------------------------)

-comment(# to wait a defined time for the connection,)

-comment(# use the timeout module)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(timeout)delimiter(')>

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(timeout)operator(()integer(30)operator(\))operator({)

-        ident(ftp) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTP)operator(::)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ftp.host.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-        ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(debug_mode) operator(=) pre_constant(true)

-    operator(})

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't connect.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(rescue) constant(Timeout)operator(::)constant(Error)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(Timeout while connecting to server.)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't authentificate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Still couldn't authenticate.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Couldn't authenticate, even with explicit

-    username and password.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(,) ident(account)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(FTPError)

-    global_variable($stderr)operator(.)ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(No dice. It hates me.)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(put)operator(()ident(localfile)operator(,) ident(remotefile)operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# Sending data from STDIN is not directly supported)

-comment(# by the ftp library module. A possible way to do it is to use the)

-comment(# storlines method directly to send raw commands to the ftp server.)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(remotefile)operator(,) ident(localfile)operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(get)operator(()ident(remotefile)operator(\)) operator({) operator(|)ident(data)operator(|) ident(puts) ident(data) operator(})

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(chdir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(I'm in the directory )delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(pwd)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(mkdir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/new_dir)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(lines) operator(=) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(ls)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# => ["drwxr-xr-x 2 matz users 4096 July 17 1998 1.0", ... ])

-

-ident(latest) operator(=) ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(dir)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby/*.tgz)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(.)ident(sort)operator(.)ident(last)

-

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(nlst)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(/pub/ruby)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# => ["/pub/ruby/1.0", ... ])

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(ftp)operator(.)ident(quit)operator(()operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.6)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(net/telnet)delimiter(')>

-ident(t) operator(=) constant(Net)operator(::)constant(Telnet)operator(::)ident(new)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(Timeout)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) integer(10)operator(,)

-                      string<delimiter(")content(Prompt)delimiter(")>  operator(=)operator(>) regexp<delimiter(/)content(%)delimiter(/)>operator(,)

-                      string<delimiter(")content(Host)delimiter(")>    operator(=)operator(>) ident(host) operator(\))

-ident(t)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

-ident(files) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(cmd)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(ls)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(t)operator(.)ident(print)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(top)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-ident(process_string) operator(=) ident(t)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()regexp<delimiter(/)char(\\d)content(+ processes)delimiter(/)>operator(\))

-ident(t)operator(.)ident(close)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-regexp<delimiter(/)content([$%#>] )char(\\z)delimiter(/)modifier(n)>

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# In case of an error, the telnet module throws an exception.)

-comment(# For control of the behavior in case of an error,)

-comment(# you just need to catch the exceptions and do your custom)

-comment(# error handling.)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-reserved(begin)

-    ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(login)operator(()ident(username)operator(,) ident(password)operator(\))

-reserved(rescue) constant(TimeoutError)

-    ident(fail) string<delimiter(")content(Login failed !)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(/--more--/)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-ident(telnet)operator(.)ident(waitfor)operator(()constant(String) operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(greasy smoke)delimiter(')>operator(,) constant(Timeout) operator(=)operator(>) integer(30)operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_18.7)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(ping)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(puts) string<delimiter(")inline<delimiter(#{)ident(host)delimiter(})>content( is alive.)char(\\n)delimiter(")> reserved(if) constant(Ping)operator(.)ident(pingecho)operator(()ident(host)operator(\))operator(;)

-comment(#-----------------------------)

-comment(# the ping module only use TCP ping, not ICMP even if we are root)

-reserved(if) constant(Ping)operator(.)ident(pingecho)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(kingkong.com)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(The giant ape lives!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(else)

-    ident(puts) string<delimiter(")content(All hail mighty Gamera, friend of children!)char(\\n)delimiter(")>operator(;)

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.1)

-comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# hiweb - load CGI class to decode information given by web server)

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(html3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-comment(# get a parameter from a form)

-ident(value) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(params)operator([)string<delimiter(')content(PARAM_NAME)delimiter(')>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-

-comment(# output a document)

-ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out) operator({)

-    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

-        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Howdy there!)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

-            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(You typed: )delimiter(")> operator(+) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(tt) operator({)

-                    constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(escapeHTML)operator(()ident(value)operator(\)) operator(}) operator(}) operator(})

-    operator(})

-operator(})

-

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

-ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)

-ident(who)   operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Name)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])     comment(# first param in list)

-ident(phone) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Number)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(picks) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(param)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(Choices)delimiter(")>operator(])     comment(# complete list)

-

-ident(print) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(header)operator(() string<delimiter(')content(type)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(')content(text/plain)delimiter(')>operator(,)

-                  string<delimiter(')content(expires)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now) operator(+) operator(()integer(3) operator(*) integer(24) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60)operator(\)) operator(\))

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.3)

-comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# webwhoami - show web user's id)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(etc)delimiter(')>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Content-Type: text/plain)char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-ident(print) string<delimiter(")content(Running as )delimiter(")> operator(+) constant(Etc)operator(.)ident(getpwuid)operator(.)ident(name) operator(+) string<delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")>

-

-comment(# % ruby -wc cgi-script     # just check syntax)

-

-comment(# % ruby -w  cgi-script     # params from stdin)

-comment(# (offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input\))

-comment(# name=joe)

-comment(# number=10)

-comment(# ^D)

-

-comment(# % ruby -w  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # run with mock form input)

-comment(# % ruby -d  cgi-script name=joe number=10     # ditto, under the debugger)

-

-comment(# POST method script in csh)

-comment(# % (setenv HTTP_METHOD POST; ruby -w cgi-script name=joe number=10\))

-comment(# POST method script in sh)

-comment(# % HTTP_METHOD=POST perl -w cgi-script name=joe number=10)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.4)

-comment(# ruby has several security levels, the level "1" is similar to perls taint mode.)

-comment(# It can be switched on by providing the -T command line parameter)

-comment(# or by setting $SAFE to 1. Setting $SAFE to 2,3 or 4 restricts possible)

-comment(# harmful operations further.)

-

-comment(#!/usr/bin/ruby -T)

-global_variable($SAFE) operator(=) integer(1)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-comment(# ruby warns with:)

-comment(# taint1.rb:2:in `initialize': Insecure operation - initialize (SecurityError\))

-

-global_variable($SAFE) operator(=) integer(1)

-ident(file) operator(=) pre_constant(ARGV)operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-reserved(unless) regexp<delimiter(/)content(^([)char(\\w)content(.-]+\)$)delimiter(/)>operator(.)ident(match)operator(()ident(file)operator(\))

-    ident(raise) string<delimiter(")content(filename )inline<delimiter(#{)ident(file)delimiter(})>content( has invalid characters)delimiter(")>

-reserved(end)

-ident(file) operator(=) global_variable($1)

-comment(# In ruby, even the back reference from a regular expression stays tainted.)

-comment(# you need to explicitly untaint the variable:)

-ident(file)operator(.)ident(untaint)

-constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(file)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-

-comment(# Race condition exists like in perl:)

-reserved(unless) constant(File)operator(.)ident(exists)operator(()ident(filename)operator(\))        comment(# Wrong because of race condition)

-    constant(File)operator(.)ident(open)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(w)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-reserved(end)

-

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_19.10)

-ident(preference_value) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(cookies)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(preference name)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-

-ident(packed_cookie) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(::)constant(Cookie)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(name)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(preference name)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-                                string<delimiter(")content(value)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) string<delimiter(")content(whatever you'd like)delimiter(")>operator(,)

-                                string<delimiter(")content(expires)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(local)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(+) integer(2)operator(,)

-    constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(mon)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(day)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(hour)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(min)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(sec)operator(\)) operator(\))

-

-ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(header)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cookie)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) operator([)ident(packed_cookie)operator(])operator(\))

-

-comment(#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w)

-comment(# ic_cookies - sample CGI script that uses a cookie)

-ident(require) string<delimiter(')content(cgi)delimiter(')>

-

-ident(cgi) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(html3)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-

-ident(cookname) operator(=) string<delimiter(")content(favorite ice cream)delimiter(")>

-ident(favorite) operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(params)operator([)string<delimiter(")content(flavor)delimiter(")>operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])

-ident(tasty)    operator(=) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(cookies)operator([)ident(cookname)operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(')content(mint)delimiter(')>

-

-reserved(unless) ident(favorite)

-    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out) operator({)

-        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

-            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Ice Cookies)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

-            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(h1) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Hello Ice Cream)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(+)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(hr) operator(+)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(form) operator({)

-                    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Please select a flavor: )delimiter(")> operator(+)

-                            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(text_field)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(flavor)delimiter(")>operator(,) ident(tasty) operator(\)) operator(})

-                operator(}) operator(+)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(hr)

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-    operator(})

-reserved(else)

-    ident(cookie) operator(=) constant(CGI)operator(::)constant(Cookie)operator(.)ident(new)operator(() string<delimiter(")content(name)delimiter(")>    operator(=)operator(>) ident(cookname)operator(,)

-                              string<delimiter(")content(value)delimiter(")>   operator(=)operator(>) ident(favorite)operator(,)

-                              string<delimiter(")content(expires)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(local)operator(()constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(year) operator(+) integer(2)operator(,)

-constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(mon)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(day)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(hour)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(min)operator(,) constant(Time)operator(.)ident(now)operator(.)ident(sec)operator(\)) operator(\))

-    ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(out)operator(()string<delimiter(")content(cookie)delimiter(")> operator(=)operator(>) operator([)ident(cookie)operator(])operator(\)) operator({)

-        ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(html) operator({)

-            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(head) operator({) ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(title) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Ice Cookies)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(}) operator(+)

-            ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(body) operator({)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(h1) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(Hello Ice Cream)delimiter(")> operator(}) operator(+)

-                ident(cgi)operator(.)ident(p) operator({) string<delimiter(")content(You chose as your favorite flavor `)inline<delimiter(#{)ident(favorite)delimiter(})>content('.)delimiter(")> operator(})

-            operator(})

-        operator(})

-    operator(})

-reserved(end)

-

-

-comment(# @@PLEAC@@_20.9)

-reserved(def) method(templatefile)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) ident(fillings)operator(\))

-    ident(aFile) operator(=) constant(File)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()ident(filename)operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(r)delimiter(")>operator(\))

-    ident(text) operator(=) ident(aFile)operator(.)ident(read)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(aFile)operator(.)ident(close)operator(()operator(\))

-    ident(pattern) operator(=) constant(Regexp)operator(.)ident(new)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(%%(.*?\)%%)delimiter(')>operator(\))

-    ident(text)operator(.)ident(gsub!)operator(()ident(pattern)operator(\)) operator({)

-        ident(fillings)operator([)global_variable($1)operator(]) operator(||) string<delimiter(")delimiter(")>

-    operator(})

-    ident(text)

-reserved(end)

-

-ident(fields) operator(=) operator({)

-    string<delimiter(')content(username)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(whats_his_name)operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(')content(count)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(login_count)operator(,)

-    string<delimiter(')content(total)delimiter(')> operator(=)operator(>) ident(minutes_used)

-operator(})

-ident(puts) ident(templatefile)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(simple.template)delimiter(')>operator(,) ident(fields)operator(\))

-

-comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@)

-comment(# An example using databases is missing)

 

diff --git a/test/suite.rb b/test/suite.rb
index dca72ef..1e05c40 100644
--- a/test/suite.rb
+++ b/test/suite.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class CodeRaySuite < TestCase
 			:tab_width => 2,

 			:line_numbers => :table,

 			:wrap => :page,

-			:hint => :info

+			:hint => :debug

 		)

 		

 		dir do