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Diffstat (limited to 'test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug')
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug | 5516 |
1 files changed, 5516 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bec15e --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,5516 @@ +comment(# -*- php -*-) +comment(# The examples are taken from the Perl Cookbook) +comment(# By Tom Christiansen & Nathan Torkington) +comment(# see http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook for more) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_NAME) +comment(# @@SKIP@@ PHP) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_WEB) +comment(# @@SKIP@@ http://php.net/) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.0) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(\\)string(n)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# two characters, \\ and an n) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Jon )char(\\')string(Maddog)char(\\')string( Orwant)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# literal single quotes) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Jon "Maddog" Orwant)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# literal double quotes) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# a "newline" character) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Jon )char(\\")string(Maddog)char(\\")string( Orwant)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# literal double quotes) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# literal single quotes) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($a) operator(=) +delimiter(")string(This is a multiline) +string(here document)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(<<<EOF) +constant(This) ident(is) ident(a) ident(multiline) ident(here) ident(document) +ident(terminated) ident(by) constant(EOF) ident(on) ident(a) ident(line) ident(by) ident(itself) +constant(EOF)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.1) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($value) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(,) local_variable($count)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($value) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($newstring)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(,) local_variable($count)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($newtail)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# get a 5-byte string, skip 3, then grab 2 8-byte strings, then the rest) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($leading)operator(,) local_variable($s1)operator(,) local_variable($s2)operator(,) local_variable($trailing)operator(\)) operator(=) + ident(array_values)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(A5a/x3/A8b/A8c/A*d)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($data)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(# split at five byte boundaries) +ident(preg_match_all) operator(()delimiter(")string(/.)string({)string(5}/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($data)operator(,) local_variable($f)operator(,) constant(PREG_PATTERN_ORDER)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($fivers) operator(=) local_variable($f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + +comment(# chop string into individual characters) +local_variable($chars) operator(=) local_variable($string)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(This is what you have)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(# +012345678901234567890 Indexing forwards (left to right\)) +comment(# 109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left\)) +comment(# note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above) + +local_variable($first) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "T") +local_variable($start) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "is") +local_variable($rest) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "you have") +local_variable($last) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "e") +local_variable($end) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-4)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "have") +local_variable($piece) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-8)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "you") +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(This is what you have)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($string)operator(;) +comment(#This is what you have) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")string(wasn't)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# change "is" to "wasn't") +comment(#This wasn't what you have) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")string(ondrous)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(-12)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "This wasn't wondrous") +comment(#This wasn't wondrous) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# delete first character) +comment(#his wasn't wondrous) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")delimiter(")operator(,) integer(-10)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# delete last 10 characters) +comment(#his wasn') +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/pattern/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-10)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(Pattern matches in last 10 characters)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(# substitute "at" for "is", restricted to first five characters) +local_variable($string)operator(=)operator(()ident(substr_replace)operator(()ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(")string(/is/)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(at)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(5)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# exchange the first and last letters in a string) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(make a hat)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\))integer(-1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($a)operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# extract column with unpack) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(To be or not to be)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(x6/A6a)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# skip 6, grab 6) +pre_type(print) local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + +local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(x6/A2b/X5/A2c)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# forward 6, grab 2; backward 5, grab 2) +pre_type(print) local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(])operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(.)local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(])operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(function) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($positions) operator(=) ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($template) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + local_variable($lastpos) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($positions) reserved(as) local_variable($place)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($template) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(A)delimiter(") operator(.) operator(()local_variable($place) operator(-) local_variable($lastpos)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($lastpos) operator(=) local_variable($place)operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($template) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(A*)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($template)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($fmt) operator(=) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(14)operator(,) integer(20)operator(,) integer(26)operator(,) integer(30)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($fmt)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#A7 A6 A6 A6 A4 A*) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.2) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# use $b if $b is true, else $c) +local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(?)local_variable($b)operator(:)local_variable($c)operator(;) + +comment(# set $x to $y unless $x is already true) +local_variable($x) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($x)operator(=)local_variable($y)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# use $b if $b is defined, else $c) +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(defined)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($b) operator(:) local_variable($c)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($foo) operator(=) local_variable($bar) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($foo) operator(=) delimiter(")string(DEFAULT VALUE)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(defined)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(:) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(:) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($count)operator([)local_variable($shell)operator(?)local_variable($shell)operator(:)delimiter(")string(/bin/sh)delimiter(")operator(])operator(++)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# find the user name on Unix systems) +local_variable($user) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator([)delimiter(')string(USER)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator([)delimiter(')string(LOGNAME)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(posix_getlogin)operator(()operator(\)) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(posix_getpwuid)operator(()ident(posix_getuid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Unknown uid number )string($)string(<)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($starting_point) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($starting_point) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Greenwich)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(;) comment(# copy only if empty) +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($b) operator(:) local_variable($c)operator(;) comment(# assign @b if nonempty, else @c) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.3) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($VAR1)operator(,) local_variable($VAR2)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($VAR2)operator(,) local_variable($VAR1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($temp) operator(=) local_variable($a)operator(;) +local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) local_variable($temp)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(alpha)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) delimiter(")string(omega)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# the first shall be last -- and versa vice) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($alpha)operator(,) local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()delimiter(")string(January)delimiter(")operator(,)delimiter(")string(March)delimiter(")operator(,)delimiter(")string(August)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +comment(# move beta to alpha,) +comment(# move production to beta,) +comment(# move alpha to production) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($alpha)operator(,) local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(,) local_variable($alpha)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.4) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($num) operator(=) ident(ord)operator(()local_variable($char)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(chr)operator(()local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%c)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# slower than chr($num\)) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ASCII) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($STRING = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ASCII)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ascii_value) operator(=) ident(ord)operator(()delimiter(")string(e)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) comment(# now 101) +local_variable($character) operator(=) ident(chr)operator(()integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# now "e") +comment(#-----------------------------) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(101)operator(,) integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ascii_character_numbers) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(sample)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,)local_variable($ascii_character_numbers)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($word = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ascii_character_numbers)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($word) operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(115)operator(,) integer(97)operator(,) integer(109)operator(,) integer(112)operator(,) integer(108)operator(,) integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# same) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($word)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($hal) operator(=) delimiter(")string(HAL)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($ascii) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($hal)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($ascii) reserved(as) local_variable($val)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($val)operator(++)operator(;) comment(# add one to each ASCII value) +operator(}) +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($ibm = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ascii)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($ibm)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# prints "IBM") +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.5) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// using perl regexp) +local_variable($array) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(//)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string) operator(,)integer(-1)operator(,) constant(PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// using PHP function: $array = str_split($string\);) + +comment(// Cannot use unpack with a format of 'U*' in PHP.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($offset) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($offset)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// $matches[1] has charcter, ord($matches[1]\) its number) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(an apple a day)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(str_split)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($char)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($char)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(unique chars are: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(unique) ident(chars) label(are)operator(:) ident(adelnpy) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(an apple a day)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($offset) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($offset)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(unique chars are: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($keys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(unique) ident(chars) label(are)operator(:) ident(adelnpy) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($sum) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($byteval)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($sum) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($byteval)operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(sum is )local_variable($sum)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// prints "1248" if $string was "an apple a day") +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($sum) operator(=) ident(array_sum)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// sum - compute 16-bit checksum of all input files) +local_variable($handle) operator(=) operator(@)ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($checksum) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($checksum) operator(+)operator(=) operator(()ident(array_sum)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($checksum) operator(%)operator(=) ident(pow)operator(()integer(2)operator(,)integer(16)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($checksum)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/slowcat.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.6) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revchars) operator(=) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// reverse word order) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Yoda said, "can you see this?")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($allwords) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($allwords)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($revwords) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(this)operator(?)delimiter(")string( see you )delimiter(")ident(can) ident(said)operator(,) constant(Yoda) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(s+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($word) operator(=) delimiter(")string(reviver)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($is_palindrome) operator(=) operator(()local_variable($word) operator(===) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($word)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// quite a one-liner since "php" does not have a -n switch) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(while (!feof(STDIN\)\) { $word = rtrim(fgets(STDIN\)\); if ($word == strrev($word\) && strlen($word\) > 5\) print $word; })delimiter(') operator(<) operator(/)ident(usr)operator(/)ident(dict)operator(/)ident(words) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.8) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($rows)operator(,) local_variable($cols)operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()integer(24)operator(,) integer(80)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(')string(I am $rows high and $cols long)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($text)operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(")string(I am 17 years old)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(2*$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# expand variables in $text, but put an error message in) +comment(# if the variable isn't defined) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,)delimiter(')string(isset($$1\)?$$1:)char(\\')string([NO VARIABLE: $$1])char(\\')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// As PHP arrays are used as hashes too, separation of section 4) +comment(// and section 5 makes little sense.) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.9) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($big) operator(=) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($little)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($little) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($big) operator(=) ident(ucfirst)operator(()local_variable($little)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($little) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($beast) operator(=) delimiter(")string(dromedary)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// capitalize various parts of $beast) +local_variable($capit) operator(=) ident(ucfirst)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Dromedar) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +local_variable($capall) operator(=) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// DROMEDAR) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +local_variable($caprest) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// dROMEDAR) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// titlecase each word's first character, lowercase the rest) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(")string(thIS is a loNG liNE)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(ucwords)operator(()ident(strtolower)operator(()local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($text)operator(;) +constant(This) constant(Is) constant(A) constant(Long) constant(Line) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) comment(// or strcasecmp($a, $b\) == 0) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(a and b are the same)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/randcap.php) + +comment(// % php randcap.php < genesis | head -9) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.10) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($var1) operator(.) ident(func)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($var2)operator(;) comment(// scalar only) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// PHP can only handle variable expression without operators) +local_variable($answer) operator(=) delimiter(")string(STRING )string($)string({)string([ VAR EXPR ]} MORE STRING)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($phrase) operator(=) delimiter(")string(I have )delimiter(") operator(.) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(+) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( guanacos.)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// PHP cannot handle the complex exression: ${\\($n + 1\)}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// Rest of Discussion is not applicable to PHP) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// Interpolating functions not available in PHP) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.11) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.12) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(wordwrap)operator(()local_variable($str)operator(,) local_variable($width)operator(,) local_variable($break)operator(,) local_variable($cut)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/wrapdemo.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// merge multiple lines into one, then wrap one long line) +pre_type(print) ident(wordwrap)operator(()ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(file_get_contents)operator(()delimiter(')string(php://stdin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(while)operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) ident(wordwrap)operator(()ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(stream_get_line)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.13) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(//backslash) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([CHARLIST]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// double) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([CHARLIST]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($1$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/%/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%%)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Mom said, "Don)char(\\')string(t do that.")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([)char(\\')string("]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// in PHP you can also use the addslashes(\) function) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Mom said, "Don)char(\\')string(t do that.")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([)char(\\')string("]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($1$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([^A-Z]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// PHP does not have the \\Q and \\E string metacharacters) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(this is)char(\\\\)string( a)char(\\\\)string( test)char(\\\\)string(!)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// PHP's quotemeta(\) function is not the same as perl's quotemeta(\) function) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(W\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is a test!)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.14) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// print what's typed, but surrounded by > < symbols) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(>)delimiter(") operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string(<)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// finally, collapse middle) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// 1. trim leading and trailing white space) +comment(// 2. collapse internal whitespace to single space each) +pre_type(function) ident(sub_trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($string)operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.15) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.16) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($code) operator(=) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($phoned_words) operator(=) ident(metaphone)operator(()delimiter(")string(Schwern)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// substitution function for getpwent(\):) +comment(// returns an array of user entries,) +comment(// each entry contains the username and the full name) +pre_type(function) ident(getpwent)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pwents) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($handle) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(")string(passwd)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(r)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^#/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($cols) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string(:)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($pwents)operator([)local_variable($cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($cols)operator([)integer(4)operator(])operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) local_variable($pwents)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(Lookup user: )delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(exit)operator(;) +local_variable($name_code) operator(=) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($pwents) operator(=) ident(getpwent)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($pwents) reserved(as) local_variable($username) operator(=>) local_variable($fullname)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(w+\)[^,]*)char(\\b)string(()string(\\)string(w+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($fullname)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(list)operator(()operator(,) local_variable($firstname)operator(,) local_variable($lastname)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($matches)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($username)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) + local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($lastname)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) + local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($firstname)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s: %s %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($username)operator(,) local_variable($firstname)operator(,) local_variable($lastname)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.17) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle2.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// very fast, but whitespace collapse) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($input)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^()string(\\)string(s*\)(.*\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($input)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// emit leading whitespace) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(s+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($token)operator(\)) operator({) comment(// preserve trailing whitespace) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($token)operator(,) local_variable($config)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($config)operator([)local_variable($token)operator(]) operator(:) local_variable($token)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.0) +comment(// As is the case under so many other languages floating point use under PHP is fraught) +comment(// with dangers. Although the basic techniques shown below are valid, please refer to) +comment(// the official PHP documentation for known issues, bugs, and alternate approaches ) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.1) +comment(// Two basic approaches to numeric validation:) +comment(// * Built-in functions like 'is_numeric', 'is_int', 'is_float' etc) +comment(// * Regexes, as shown below) + +local_variable($s) operator(=) delimiter(')string(12.345)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(D/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(has nondigits)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a natural number)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not an integer)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^[+-]?)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not an integer)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?)string(\\)string(d+)string(\\)string(.?)string(\\)string(d*$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a decimal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?(?:)string(\\)string(d+(?:)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d*\)?|)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d+\)$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a decimal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^([+-]?\)(?=)string(\\)string(d|)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d\))string(\\)string(d*()string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d*\)?([Ee]([+-]?)string(\\)string(d+\)\)?$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a C float)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(getnum)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) delimiter(")string(%D)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($number) operator(:) integer(0)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(123)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ok) +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(0xf)ident(f)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ..) +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(044)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ..) + +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()delimiter(')string(x)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// fail) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.2) +comment(// In PHP floating point comparisions are 'safe' [meaning the '==' comparison operator) +comment(// can be used] as long as the value consists of 14 digits or less [total digits, either) +comment(// side of the decimal point e.g. xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx., .xxxxxxxxxxxxxx]. If) +comment(// values with more digits must be compared, then:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Represent as strings, and take care to avoid any implicit conversions e.g. don't pass) +comment(// a float as a float to a function and expect all digits to be retained - they won't be -) +comment(// then use 'strcmp' to compare the strings) +comment(//) +comment(// * Avoid float use; perhaps use arbitrary precision arithmetic. In this case, the) +comment(// 'bccomp' function is relevant) + +comment(// Will work as long as each floating point value is 14 digits or less) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($float_1) operator(==) local_variable($float_2)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Compare as strings) +local_variable($cmp) operator(=) ident(strcmp)operator(()delimiter(')string(123456789.123456789123456789)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(123456789.123456789123456788)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Use 'bccomp') +local_variable($precision) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) comment(// Number of significant comparison digits after decimal point) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(bccomp)operator(()delimiter(')string(1.111117)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(1.111116)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +local_variable($precision) operator(=) integer(6)operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(bccomp)operator(()delimiter(')string(1.111117)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(1.111116)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($wage) operator(=) integer(536)operator(;) +local_variable($week) operator(=) local_variable($wage) operator(*) integer(40)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(One week's wage is: )string($)string(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($week) operator(/) integer(100)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.3) +comment(// Preferred approach) +local_variable($rounded) operator(=) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($unrounded)operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Possible alternate approach) +local_variable($format) operator(=) delimiter(')string(%[width].[prec]f)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($rounded) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()local_variable($format)operator(,) local_variable($unrounded)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Unrounded: )operator({)local_variable($a)operator(})char(\\n)string(Rounded: )operator({)local_variable($b)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%.2f)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Unrounded: )operator({)local_variable($a)operator(})char(\\n)string(Rounded: )operator({)local_variable($b)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Unrounded: %.f)char(\\n)string(Rounded: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(number)char(\\t)string(int)char(\\t)string(floor)char(\\t)string(ceil)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)float(.3)operator(,) integer(3)float(.5)operator(,) integer(3)float(.7)operator(,) integer(-3)float(.3)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($number)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) local_variable($number)operator(,) ident(floor)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(,) ident(ceil)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.4) +comment(// PHP offers the 'bindec' and 'decbin' functions to converting between binary and decimal) + +local_variable($num) operator(=) ident(bindec)operator(()delimiter(')string(0110110)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($binstr) operator(=) ident(decbin)operator(()integer(54)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.5) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(range)operator(()local_variable($X)operator(,) local_variable($Y)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(range)operator(()local_variable($X)operator(,) local_variable($Y)operator(,) integer(7)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($X)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<=) local_variable($Y)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($X)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<=) local_variable($Y)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(+)operator(=) integer(7)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Infancy is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Toddling is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Childhood is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(12)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.6) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for Roman Numerals. However, a 'Numbers_Roman' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Numbers_Roman].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Numbers/Roman.php'\);) + +local_variable($roman) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumeral)operator(()local_variable($arabic)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($arabic) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumber)operator(()local_variable($roman)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($roman_fifteen) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumeral)operator(()integer(15)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($arabic_fifteen) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumber)operator(()local_variable($roman_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Roman for fifteen is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($roman_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Arabic for fifteen is: %d)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($arabic_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.7) +comment(// Techniques used here simply mirror Perl examples, and are not an endorsement) +comment(// of any particular RNG technique) + +comment(// In PHP do this ...) +local_variable($random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()local_variable($lowerbound)operator(,) local_variable($upperbound)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(make_password)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) local_variable($reqlen)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($len) operator(=) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($reqlen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($password) operator(.)operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($len)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($password)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($chars) operator(=) delimiter(')string(ABCDEfghijKLMNOpqrstUVWXYz)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($reqlen) operator(=) integer(8)operator(;) + +local_variable($password) operator(=) ident(make_password)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) local_variable($reqlen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.8) +comment(// PHP sports a large number of C Standard Library routines including the 'srand') +comment(// function, used to re-seed the RNG used with calls to the 'rand' function. Thus,) +comment(// as per Perl example:) + +reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seed) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($seed)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(srand)operator(()local_variable($seed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.9) +comment(// The above is considered - for many reasons - a poor way of seeding the RNG. PHP) +comment(// also offers alternate versions of the functions, 'mt_srand' and 'mt_rand',) +comment(// which are described as faster, and more 'random', though key to obtaining a) +comment(// more 'random' distribution of generated numbers seems to be through using) +comment(// a combination of a previously saved random value in combination with an) +comment(// unrepeatable value [like the current time in microseconds] that is multiplied) +comment(// by a large prime number, or perhaps as part of a hash [examples available in) +comment(// PHP documentation for 'srand' and 'mt_srand']) + +ident(mt_srand)operator(()local_variable($saved_random_value) operator(+) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(*) integer(1000003)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or) + +ident(mt_srand)operator(()operator(()local_variable($saved_random_value) operator(+) ident(hexdec)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()ident(md5)operator(()ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) integer(-8)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(&) integer(0x7)ident(fffffff)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Use of 'mt_rand' together with an appropriate seeding approach should help better) +comment(// approximate the generation of a 'truly random value') +local_variable($truly_random_value) operator(=) ident(mt_rand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.10) +pre_type(function) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(/) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) ident(getrandmax)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(gaussian_rand)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($u1) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($u2) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($g1) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($g2) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($w) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) + + reserved(do) + operator({) + local_variable($u1) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($u2) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)float(.0)operator(;) + local_variable($w) operator(=) local_variable($u1) operator(*) local_variable($u1) operator(+) local_variable($u2) operator(*) local_variable($u2)operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(while) operator(()local_variable($w) operator(>) integer(1)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($w) operator(=) ident(sqrt)operator(()operator(()integer(-2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($w)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) local_variable($w)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($g2) operator(=) local_variable($u1) operator(*) local_variable($w)operator(;) local_variable($g1) operator(=) local_variable($u2) operator(*) local_variable($w)operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($g1)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($mean) operator(=) integer(25)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($sdev) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0)operator(;) +local_variable($salary) operator(=) ident(gaussian_rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(*) local_variable($mean) operator(+) local_variable($sdev)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(You have been hired at: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.11) +comment(// 'deg2rad' and 'rad2deg' are actually PHP built-ins, but here is how you might implement) +operator(/) ident(them) reserved(if) ident(needed) +pre_type(function) ident(deg2rad_)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()local_variable($deg) operator(/) integer(180)float(.0)operator(\)) operator(*) constant(M_PI)operator(;) operator(}) +pre_type(function) ident(rad2deg_)operator(()local_variable($rad)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()local_variable($rad) operator(/) constant(M_PI)operator(\)) operator(*) integer(180)float(.0)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(deg2rad_)operator(()integer(180)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(deg2rad)operator(()integer(180)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(degree_sin)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(sin)operator(()ident(deg2rad)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($rad) operator(=) ident(deg2rad)operator(()integer(380)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(sin)operator(()local_variable($rad)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(degree_sin)operator(()integer(380)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.12) +pre_type(function) ident(my_tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(sin)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(cos)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($theta) operator(=) integer(3)float(.7)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(my_tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.13) +local_variable($value) operator(=) integer(100)float(.0)operator(;) + +local_variable($log_e) operator(=) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($log_10) operator(=) ident(log10)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(log_base)operator(()local_variable($base)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($base)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($answer) operator(=) ident(log_base)operator(()integer(10)float(.0)operator(,) integer(10000)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(log(10, 10,000\) = %f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($answer)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.14) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for matrices. However, a 'Math_Matrix' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Matrix].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Math/Matrix.php'\);) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Matrix)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(9)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Matrix)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(4)operator(,) integer(7)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(9)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($a)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($b)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// NOTE: When I installed this package I had to rename the 'clone' method else) +comment(// it would not load, so I chose to rename it to 'clone_', and this usage is) +comment(// shown below. This bug may well be fixed by the time you obtain this package) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) local_variable($a)operator(->)ident(clone_)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(multiply)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.15) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for complex numbers. However, a 'Math_Complex' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Complex].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Math/Complex.php'\);) +comment(// include_once('Math/TrigOp.php'\);) +comment(// include_once('Math/ComplexOp.php'\);) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) constant(Math_ComplexOp)operator(::)ident(mult)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($d) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($r) operator(=) constant(Math_ComplexOp)operator(::)ident(sqrt)operator(()local_variable($d)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($r)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.16) +comment(// Like C, PHP supports decimal-alternate notations. Thus, for example, the integer) +comment(// value, 867, is expressable in literal form as:) +comment(//) +comment(// Hexadecimal -> 0x363) +comment(// Octal -> 01543) +comment(//) +comment(// For effecting such conversions using strings there is 'sprintf' and 'sscanf'.) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(867)operator(;) +local_variable($hex) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%x)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($oct) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%o)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +local_variable($hex) operator(=) delimiter(')string(363)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($hex)operator(,) delimiter(')string(%x)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +local_variable($oct) operator(=) delimiter(')string(1543)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($oct)operator(,) delimiter(')string(%o)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($number) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(')string(Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sscanf)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(%D)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %x %o)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.17) +comment(// PHP offers the 'number_format' built-in function to, among many other format tasks, ) +comment(// commify numbers. Perl-compatible [as well as extended] regexes are also available) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(number_format)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($hits) operator(=) integer(3456789)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Your website received %s accesses last month)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($hits)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(strrev)operator(()ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d)string(\\)string(d)string(\\)string(d\)(?=)string(\\)string(d\)(?!)string(\\)string(d*)string(\\)string(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(${1},)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($hits) operator(=) integer(3456789)operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(commify)operator(()ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Your website received %d accesses last month)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($hits)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.18) +pre_type(function) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($root)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(=)delimiter(')delimiter(') operator(,) local_variable($plural)operator(=)delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) local_variable($root) operator(.) operator(()operator(()local_variable($value) operator(>) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($plural) operator(:) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($duration) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(It took %d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %s %s enough.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(are)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($duration) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(It took %d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %s %s enough.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(are)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(plural)operator(()local_variable($singular)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($s2p) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/ss$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(sses)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/([psc]h\)$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(${1}es)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/z$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(zes)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(/ff$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ffs)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/f$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ves)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/ey$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(eys)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(/y$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ies)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/ix$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ices)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/([sx]\)$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string($1es)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string($)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($s2p) reserved(as) local_variable($s) operator(=>) local_variable($p)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) ident(preg_replace)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($p)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(mess)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(index)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(leaf)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(puppy)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($word)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%6s -> %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($word)operator(,) ident(plural)operator(()local_variable($word)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.19) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.0) +comment(// PHP's date / time suport is quite extensive, and appears grouped into three areas of) +comment(// functionality:) +comment(//) +comment(// * UNIX / C Library [libc]-based routines, which include [among others]:) +comment(// - localtime, gmtime) +comment(// - strftime, strptime, mktime) +comment(// - time, getdate, gettimeofday, ) +comment(//) +comment(// * PHP 'native' functions, those date / time routines released in earlier versions,) +comment(// and which otherwise provide 'convenience' functionality; these include:) +comment(// - date) +comment(// - strtotime) +comment(//) +comment(// * 'DateTime' class-based. This facility appears [according to the PHP documentation]) +comment(// to be extremely new / experimental, so whilst usage examples will be provided, they) +comment(// should not be taken to be 'official' examples, and obviously, subject to change.) +comment(// My own impression is that this facility is currently only partially implemented,) +comment(// so there is limited use for these functions. The functions included in this group) +comment(// are some of the 'date_'-prefixed functions; they are, however, not used standalone,) +comment(// but as methods in conjunction with an object. Typical usage:) +comment(//) +comment(// $today = new DateTime(\); // actually calls: date_create($today, ...\);) +comment(// echo $today->format('U'\) . "\\n"; // actually calls: date_format($today, ...\);) +comment(//) +comment(// Also worth mentioning is the PEAR [PHP Extension and Repository] package, 'Calendar',) +comment(// which offers a rich set of date / time manipulation facilities. However, since it is) +comment(// not currently shipped with PHP, no examples appear) + +comment(// Helper functions for performing date arithmetic ) + +pre_type(function) ident(dateOffset)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($tbl) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sec)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(min)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(60)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hou)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3600)operator(,) delimiter(')string(day)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(86400)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wee)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(604800)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($delta) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($kv) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(')string(=)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($delta) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($kv)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(*) local_variable($tbl)operator([)ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($kv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(])operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($delta)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(dateInterval)operator(()local_variable($intvltype)operator(,) local_variable($timevalue)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($tbl) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sec)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(min)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(60)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hou)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3600)operator(,) delimiter(')string(day)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(86400)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wee)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(604800)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($timevalue) operator(/) local_variable($tbl)operator([)ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($intvltype)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Extract indexed array from 'getdate') +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract indexed, and associative arrays, respectively, from 'localtime') +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)integer(7)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()ident(time)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.1) +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(-)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mon)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(year)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Either do this to use interpolation:) +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($year)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($month)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($day)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// or simply concatenate:) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Current date is: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($year) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($month) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($day) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()ident(time)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_year)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1900)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Current date is: %4d%s%2d%s%2d)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($format) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Y)delimiter(') operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) delimiter(')string(n)delimiter(') operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()local_variable($format)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($today)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(")string(%Y)local_variable($sep)string(%m)local_variable($sep)string(%d)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($today)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.2) +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hour)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(gmmktime)operator(()local_variable($hour)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.3) +local_variable($dmyhms) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) comment(// timestamp: current date / time) + +local_variable($dmyhms) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()local_variable($timestamp)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// timestamp: arbitrary) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(mon)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(year)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($hours) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(hours)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($minutes) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(minutes)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($seconds) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(seconds)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.4) +comment(// Date arithmetic is probably most easily performed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch) +comment(// Seconds]. Dates - in whatever form - are converted to timestamps, these are) +comment(// arithmetically manipulated, and the result converted to whatever form required.) +comment(// Note: use 'mktime' to create timestamps properly adjusted for daylight saving; whilst) +comment(// 'strtotime' is more convenient to use, it does not, AFAIK, include this adjustment) + +local_variable($when) operator(=) local_variable($now) operator(+) local_variable($difference)operator(;) +local_variable($then) operator(=) local_variable($now) operator(-) local_variable($difference)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($now) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(2003)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($diff1) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(day=1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($diff2) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(weeks=2)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Today is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(One day in the future is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now) operator(+) local_variable($diff1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Two weeks in the past is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now) operator(-) local_variable($diff2)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Date arithmetic performed using a custom function, 'dateOffset'. Internally, offset may) +comment(// be computed in one of several ways:) +comment(// * Direct timestamp manipulation - fastest, but no daylight saving adjustment ) +comment(// * Via 'date' built-in function - slower [?], needs a base time from which to) +comment(// compute values, but has daylight saving adjustment ) +comment(// * Via 'strtotime' built-in function - as for 'date') +comment(// * Via 'DateTime' class) +comment(//) +comment(// Approach used here is to utilise direct timestamp manipulation in 'dateOffset' [it's) +comment(// performance can also be improved by replacing $tbl with a global definition etc],) +comment(// and to illustrate how the other approaches might be used ) + +comment(// 1. 'dateOffset') + +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($interval) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(day=55)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(hours=2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(min=17)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(sec=5)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($then) operator(=) local_variable($birthtime) operator(+) local_variable($interval)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 2. 'date') + +comment(// Base values, and offsets, respectively) +local_variable($hr) operator(=) integer(3)operator(;) local_variable($min) operator(=) integer(45)operator(;) local_variable($sec) operator(=) integer(50)operator(;) local_variable($mon) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) local_variable($day) operator(=) integer(18)operator(;) local_variable($year) operator(=) integer(1973)operator(;) + +local_variable($yroff) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($monoff) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($dayoff) operator(=) integer(55)operator(;) local_variable($hroff) operator(=) integer(2)operator(;) local_variable($minoff) operator(=) integer(17)operator(;) local_variable($secoff) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) + +comment(// Base date) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hr)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($mon)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($year) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($yroff)operator(;) +local_variable($mon) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($monoff)operator(;) +local_variable($day) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($dayoff)operator(;) + +local_variable($hr) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(H)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($hroff)operator(;) +local_variable($min) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(i)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($minoff)operator(;) +local_variable($sec) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($secoff)operator(;) + +comment(// Offset date) +local_variable($then) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hr)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($mon)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 3. 'strtotime') + +comment(// Generate timestamp whatever way is preferable) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($then) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 4. 'DateTime' class) + +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(DateTime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($then) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(DateTime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($then)operator(->)ident(modify)operator(()delimiter(')string(+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(->)ident(format)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(->)ident(format)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.5) +comment(// Date intervals are most easily computed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch) +comment(// Seconds] which, of course, gives the interval result is seconds from which) +comment(// all other interval measures [days, weeks, months, years] may be derived.) +comment(// Refer to previous section for discussion of daylight saving and other related) +comment(// problems) + +local_variable($interval_seconds) operator(=) local_variable($recent) operator(-) local_variable($earlier)operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Conventional approach ...) +local_variable($bree) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(16 Jun 1981, 4:35:25)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($nat) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... or, with daylight saving adjustment) +local_variable($bree) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(4)operator(,) integer(35)operator(,) integer(25)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(16)operator(,) integer(1981)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($nat) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($difference) operator(=) local_variable($bree) operator(-) local_variable($nat)operator(;) + +comment(// 'dateInterval' custom function computes intervals in several measures given an) +comment(// interval in seconds. Note, 'month' and 'year' measures not provided) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d seconds between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d weeks between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(weeks)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d days between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d hours between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(hours)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d minutes between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(mins)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.6) +comment(// 'getdate' accepts a timestamp [or implicitly calls 'time'] and returns an array of) +comment(// date components. It returns much the same information as 'strptime' except that) +comment(// the component names are different) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weekday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(wday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($monthday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($yearday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($yearday) operator(/) integer(7)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Safter method of obtaining week number) +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%U)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) integer(16)operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) integer(6)operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) integer(1981)operator(;) + +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($date) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()local_variable($timestamp)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weekday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(wday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($monthday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($yearday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($yearday) operator(/) integer(7)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%U)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($timestamp)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// Interpolate ...) +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($month)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($day)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($year)operator(})string( was a )operator({)local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(weekday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})string( in week )operator({)local_variable($weeknumber)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ... or, concatenate) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($month) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($day) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($year) operator(.) delimiter(')string( was a )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(weekday)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(.) delimiter(')string( in week )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($weeknumber) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.7) +comment(// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression by attempting a 'best guess' at) +comment(// the format, and either fails, or generates a timestamp. Timestamp could be fed) +comment(// into any one of the various functions; example:) +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) pre_type(echo) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($timestamp)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// 'strptime' parses a textual date expression according to a specified format,) +comment(// and returns an array of date components; components can be easily dumped) +ident(print_r)operator(()ident(strptime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Parse date string according to format) +local_variable($darr) operator(=) ident(strptime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Show date components in 'debug' form) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Check whether there was a parse error i.e. one or more components could not) + comment(// be extracted from the string) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(unparsed)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Properly parsed date, so validate required components using, 'checkdate') + reserved(if) operator(()ident(checkdate)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1)operator(,) local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_year)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1900)operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Parsed date verified as correct)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Parsed date failed verification)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Date string parse not complete; failed components: )operator({)local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(unparsed)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Date string could not be parsed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.8) +comment(// 'date' and 'strftime' both print a date string based on:) +comment(// * Format String, describing layout of date components) +comment(// * Timestamp [*NIX Epoch Seconds], either given explicitly, or implictly) +comment(// via a call to 'time' which retrieves current time value) + +local_variable($ts) operator(=) integer(1234567890)operator(;) + +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($ts)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($h)operator(,) local_variable($m)operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($mth)operator(,) local_variable($d)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(,) local_variable($is_dst)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// same as: date('Y/m/d', time(\)\);) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ts) operator(=) integer(1234567890)operator(;) + +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($ts)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($h)operator(,) local_variable($m)operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($mth)operator(,) local_variable($d)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(,) local_variable($is_dst)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// same as: strftime('%Y/%m/%d', time(\)\);) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'mktime' creates a local time timestamp) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// 'gmmktime' creates a GMT time timestamp) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(gmmktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression, and generates a timestamp ) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%A %D)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// This should generate output identical to previous example) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%A %D)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.9) +comment(// PHP 5 and above can use the built-in, 'microtime'. Crude implementation for ealier versions:) +comment(// function microtime(\) { $t = gettimeofday(\); return (float\) ($t['sec'] + $t['usec'] / 1000000.0\); } ) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($before) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($elapsed) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($before)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(You took %.3f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($elapsed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(,) integer(100)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(define)operator(()constant(SIZE)operator(,) integer(500)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($j) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($j) operator(<) constant(SIZE)operator(;) local_variable($j)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($arr)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($begin) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($elapsed) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($begin)operator(;) + + local_variable($total_time) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($elapsed)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) constant(SIZE)operator(,) local_variable($total_time) operator(/) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.10) +comment(// Low-resolution: sleep time specified in seconds) +ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// High-resolution: sleep time specified in microseconds [not reliable under Windows]) +ident(usleep)operator(()integer(250000)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.11) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.0) +comment(// Nested arrays are supported, and may be easily printed using 'print_r') + +local_variable($nested) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(this)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(that)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(the)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(other)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($nested) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(this)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(that)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(the)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(other)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($nested)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($tune) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(The)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Star-Spangled)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banner)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.1) +comment(// PHP offers only the 'array' type which is actually an associative array, though) +comment(// may be numerically indexed, to mimic vectors and matrices; there is no separate) +comment(// 'list' type) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(quick)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(brown)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(fox)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()delimiter(')string(Why are you teasing me?)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($lines) operator(=) delimiter(<<<END_OF_HERE_DOC) + constant(The) ident(boy) ident(stood) ident(on) ident(the) ident(burning) ident(deck)operator(,) + ident(it) ident(was) reserved(as) ident(hot) reserved(as) ident(glass)operator(.) +constant(END_OF_HERE_DOC)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($bigarray) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(rtrim)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(file)operator(()delimiter(')string(mydatafile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(')string(The mines of Moria)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()delimiter(')string(The mines of Moria)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Gandalf)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Speak )operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string(, and enter!)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Speak )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and welcome!)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($his_host) operator(=) delimiter(')string(www.perl.com)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($host_info) operator(=) error(`)ident(nslookup) local_variable($his_host)error(`)operator(;) + +local_variable($cmd) operator(=) delimiter(')string(ps )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(posix_getpid)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($perl_info) operator(=) error(`)local_variable($cmd)error(`)operator(;) + +local_variable($shell_info) operator(=) error(`)ident(ps) error($)error($)error(`)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Costs)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(only)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($4.95)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(escapeshellarg)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Costs only $4.95)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// AFAIK PHP doesn't support non-quoted strings ala Perl's 'q', 'qq' and 'qw', so arrays) +comment(// created from strings must use quoted strings, and make use of 'split' [or equivalent].) +comment(// A slew of functions exist for performing string quoting, including 'escapeshellarg',) +comment(// 'quotemeta', and 'preg_quote') + +local_variable($brax) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(( \) < > { } [ ])delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do this to quote each element within '..') +comment(// $brax = array_map('escapeshellarg', split(' ', '( \) < > { } [ ]'\)\);) + +local_variable($rings) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Nenya Narya Vilya)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($tags) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(LI TABLE TR TD A IMG H1 P)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sample) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(The vertical bar | looks and behaves like a pipe.)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.2) +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($n) operator(=) ident(str_word_count)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($series) operator(=) ident(str_word_count)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(NULL)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string(, )delimiter(')operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($series)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string(, and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($series)operator([)local_variable($n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red yellow)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red yellow green)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($mylist) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red yellow green)delimiter(')operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(I have )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($mylist)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( marbles.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($n) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($sepchar) operator(=) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($str)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strpos)operator(()local_variable($str)operator(,) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($sepchar) operator(=) delimiter(')string(;)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(break)operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(NULL)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sepchar)operator(})string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sepchar)operator(})string( and )delimiter(") operator(.) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($lists) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(just one thing)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mutt Jeff)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Peter Paul Mary)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(To our parents)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mother Theresa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(God)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pastrami)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ham and cheese)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(peanut butter and jelly)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(tuna)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(sleep and dream peacefully)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($lists) reserved(as) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The list is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.3) +comment(// AFAICT you cannot grow / shrink an array to an arbitrary size. However, you can:) +comment(// * Grow an array by appending an element using subscrip notation, or using) +comment(// either 'array_unshift' or 'array_push' to add one or more elements) + +local_variable($arr)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(;) +ident(array_unshift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(two)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(three)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(two)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(three)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// * Shrink an array by using 'unset' to remove one or more specific elements, or) +comment(// either 'array_shift' or 'array_pop' to remove an element from the ends) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx2)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx3)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($people)operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The array now has )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( elements)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The index value of the last element is )delimiter(') operator(.) operator(()ident(count)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Element #3 is )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($people)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($people) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Crosby)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Stills)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Nash)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Young)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Cannot, AFAICT, resize the array to an arbitrary size) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.4) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// do something with $item) +operator(}) + +comment(// Environment listing example) + +comment(// PHP defines a superglobal $_ENV to provide access to environment) +comment(// variables.) + +comment(// Beware, array assignment means copying in PHP. You need to use) +comment(// the reference operator to avoid copying. But we want a copy here.) +local_variable($env) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator(;) + +comment(// PHP can sort an array by key, so you don't need to get keys,) +comment(// and then sort.) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($env)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($env) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string(=)operator({)local_variable($value)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Literal translation of Perl example would be:) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($_ENV)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($keys) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string(=)operator({)local_variable($_ENV)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// This assumes that MAX_QUOTA is a named constant.) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($all_users) reserved(as) local_variable($user)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($disk_space) operator(=) ident(get_usage)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($disk_space) operator(>) constant(MAX_QUOTA)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(complain)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// You can't modify array's elements in-place.) +local_variable($array) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($newarray) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newarray)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($newarray)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Before PHP 5, that is. You can precede the reference operator) +comment(// before $item to get reference instead of copy.) +local_variable($array) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($item)operator(--)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// TODO: explain the old each(\) and list(\) iteration construct.) +comment(// foreach is new in PHP 4, and there are subtle differences.) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.5) +comment(// Conventional 'read-only' access) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Can access, but not update, array element referred to by '$item') +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// '&' makes '$item' a reference) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Update array element referred to by '$item') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arraylen) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($arraylen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// '$array' is updateable via subscript notation) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($fruits) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Raspberry)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($fruits) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($fruit)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($fruit)operator(})string( tastes good in a pie.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($fruitlen) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($fruits)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($fruitlen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($fruits)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(})string( tastes good in a pie.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($rogue_cats) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Blackie)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Goldie)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Silkie)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Take care to assign reference to '$rogue_cats' array via '=&') +local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=)operator(&) local_variable($rogue_cats)operator(;) + +comment(// Take care to make '$cat' a reference via '&$' to allow updating) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($cat) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')string( [meow])delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Via array reference) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) reserved(as) local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($cat)operator(})string( purrs hypnotically.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// Original array) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($rogue_cats) reserved(as) local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($cat)operator(})string( purrs hypnotically.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.6) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_unique' function to perform this task. It works with both keyed,) +comment(// and numerically-indexed arrays; keys / indexes are preserved; use of 'array_values' ) +comment(// is recommended to reindex numerically-indexed arrays since there will likely be missing) +comment(// indexes) + +comment(// Remove duplicate values) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_unique)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove duplicates, and reindex [for numerically-indexed arrays only]) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_unique)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or use:) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Selected Perl 'seen' examples) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + local_variable($unique)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) operator(()operator(++)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($unique)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Do something with '$item') +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) operator(()operator(++)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(&)operator(&) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($item)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($user_entry)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($user_entry)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($ucnt)operator([)local_variable($user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(++)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ucnt)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(users logged in:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ucnt) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($cnt)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\t)operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($cnt)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.7) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_diff' and 'array_diff_assoc' functions to perform this task. Same) +comment(// points as made about 'array_unique' apply here also) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(e)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [3] 'd') +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [3] 'e') + +comment(// Numerically-indexed array, reindexed) +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [0] 'd') +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [0] 'e') + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 1st Perl 'seen' example only) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(k1)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(11)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k2)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(12)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k4)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(14)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(k1)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(11)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k2)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(12)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k3)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($b) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Stores key only e.g. $aonly[0] contains 'k4', same as Perl example) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($a) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\)) local_variable($aonly)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Stores key and value e.g. $aonly['k4'] contains 14, same entry as in $a) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($a) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\)) local_variable($aonly)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Conventional way: $hash = array('key1' => 1, 'key2' => 2\);) + +local_variable($hash)operator([)delimiter(')string(key1)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +local_variable($hash)operator([)delimiter(')string(key2)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(2)operator(;) + +local_variable($hash) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(key1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(key2)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(,) ident(array_fill)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.8) +comment(// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions:) +comment(// * union: array_unique(array_merge(...\)\)) +comment(// * intersection: array_intersect and family) +comment(// * difference: array_diff and family) +comment(// which may be used for this type of task. Also, if returned arrays need to be) +comment(// reindexed, 'array_slice($array, 0\)', or 'array_values($array\)' are useful) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($union) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_unique)operator(()ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) +local_variable($isect) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_intersect)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 3, 5, 7) +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 1, 8) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.9) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function to perform this task. Duplicate values are retained,) +comment(// but if arrays are numerically-indexed, resulting array is reindexed) + +local_variable($arr1) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($arr2) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(e)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($new) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(,) local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $new -> 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd') + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Time)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Flies)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($initiates) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(An)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Arrow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) local_variable($initiates)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Time)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Flies)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($initiates) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(An)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Arrow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'array_splice' is the PHP equivalent to Perl's 'splice') +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) ident(array_merge)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Like)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($initiates)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($members)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Fruit)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(A)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($members)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.10) +local_variable($reversed) operator(=) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with '$item' ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(>=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(--)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with '$array[$i]' ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($array) operator(=) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(rsort)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.11) +comment(// Array elements can be deleted using 'unset'; removing several elements would require applying) +comment(// 'unset' several times, probably in a loop. However, they would most likely also need to be) +comment(// reindexed, so a better approach would be to use 'array_slice' which avoids explicit looping.) +comment(// Where elements need to be removed, and those elements also returned, it is probably best to) +comment(// combine both operations in a function. This is the approach taken here in implementing both) +comment(// 'shiftN' and 'popN', and it is these functions that are used in the examples) + +pre_type(function) ident(popN)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) operator(-)operator(()local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(shiftN)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Remove $n elements from the front of $array; return them in $fron) +local_variable($front) operator(=) ident(shiftN)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove $n elements from the end of $array; return them in $end) +local_variable($end) operator(=) ident(popN)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($friends) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Peter)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Paul)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mary)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jim)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Tim)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($this_)operator(,) local_variable($that)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(shiftN)operator(()local_variable($friends)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($this_)operator(})string( )operator({)local_variable($that)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($beverages) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Dew)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jolt)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Cola)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Sprite)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Fresca)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($pair) operator(=) ident(popN)operator(()local_variable($beverages)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($pair)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.12) +comment(// This section illustrates various 'find first' techniques. The Perl examples all use an) +comment(// explicit loop and condition testing [also repeated here]. This is the simplest, and) +comment(// [potentially] most efficient approach because the search can be terminated as soon as a) +comment(// match is found. However, it is worth mentioning a few alternatives:) +comment(// * 'array_search' performs a 'find first' using the element value rather than a condition) +comment(// check, so isn't really applicable here) +comment(// * 'array_filter', whilst using a condition check, actually performs a 'find all', though) +comment(// all but the first returned element can be discarded. This approach is actually less error) +comment(// prone than using a loop, but the disadvantage is that each element is visited: there is no) +comment(// means of terminating the search once a match has been found. It would be nice if this) +comment(// function were to have a third parameter, a Boolean flag indicating whether to traverse) +comment(// the whole array, or quit after first match [next version, maybe :\) ?]) + +local_variable($found) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Not found - skip to next item) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($criterion)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Found - save and leave) + local_variable($match) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) + local_variable($found) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(break)operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($found)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// do something with $match) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// not found) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(predicate)operator(()local_variable($element)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(criterion)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($match) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) delimiter(')string(predicate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($match)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// do something with $match[0]) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// $match is empty - not found) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(,) local_variable($category)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(category) operator(=) local_variable($category)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Programmer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(highest_salaried_engineer)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($highest_salary) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(category) operator(==) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(>) local_variable($highest_salary)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($highest_salary) operator(=) local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary)operator(;) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($employee)operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 'array_update' custom function is modelled on 'array_reduce' except that it allows the) +comment(// return of an array, contents and length of which are entirely dependant on what the) +comment(// callback function does. Here, it is logically working in a 'find first' capacity) +local_variable($highest_salaried_engineer) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) delimiter(')string(highest_salaried_engineer)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Highest paid engineer is: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($highest_salaried_engineer)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(->)ident(name) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.13) +comment(// PHP implements 'grep' functionality [as embodied in the current section] in the 'array_filter') +comment(// function) + +pre_type(function) ident(predicate)operator(()local_variable($element)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(criterion)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($matching) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(,) delimiter(')string(predicate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($bigs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($n)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $n > 1000000;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(is_pig)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($user_details) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(s\)+/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// Assuming field 5 is the resource being compared) + reserved(return) local_variable($user_details)operator([)integer(5)operator(]) operator(>) integer(1)ident(e7)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($pigs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who) operator(-)ident(u)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(is_pig)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($matching) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($user)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return preg_match()char(\\')string(/^gnat /)char(\\')string(, $user\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(,) local_variable($category)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(category) operator(=) local_variable($category)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Programmer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($engineers) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($employee)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $employee->category == "Engineer";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.14) +comment(// PHP offers a rich set of sorting functions. Key features:) +comment(// * Inplace sorts; the original array, not a a copy, is sorted) +comment(// * Separate functions exist for sorting [both ascending and descending order]:) +comment(// - By value, assign new keys / indices [sort, rsort]) +comment(// - By key [ksort, krsort] (for non-numerically indexed arrays\)) +comment(// - By value [asort, arsort]) +comment(// - As above, but using a user-defined comparator [i.e. callback function]) +comment(// [usort, uasort, uksort]) +comment(// - Natural order sort [natsort]) +comment(// * Significantly, if sorting digit-only elements, whether strings or numbers,) +comment(// 'natural order' [i.e. 1 before 10 before 100 (ascending\)] is retained. If) +comment(// the elements are alphanumeric e.g. 'z1', 'z10' then 'natsort' should be) +comment(// used [note: beware of 'natsort' with negative numbers; prefer 'sort' or 'asort']) + +local_variable($unsorted) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(7)operator(,) integer(12)operator(,) integer(-13)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(100)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(,) integer(23)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(rsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(asort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(arsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(natsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -2, -13, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(ascend)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(>) local_variable($right)operator(;) operator(}) +pre_type(function) ident(descend)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(<) local_variable($right)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ascend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(descend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(uasort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ascend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(uasort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(descend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(kill_process)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Is 'killable' ?) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return)operator(;) + + comment(// Ok, so kill in two stages) + ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(15)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// SIGTERM) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// SIGKILL) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(pid)operator(()local_variable($pentry)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($p) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($pentry)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($p)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($processes) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(pid)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(ps) ident(ax)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($processes)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( ,)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($processes)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Enter a pid to kill: )delimiter(')operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + ident(kill_process)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.15) +comment(// Tasks in this section would typically use the PHP 'usort' family of functions) +comment(// which are used with a comparator function so as to perform custom comparisions.) +comment(// A significant difference from the Perl examples is that these functions are) +comment(// inplace sorters, so it is the original array that is modified. Where this must) +comment(// be prevented a copy of the array can be made and sorted) + +pre_type(function) ident(comparator)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Compare '$left' with '$right' returning result) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($unordered)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($ordered)operator(,) delimiter(')string(comparator)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// The Perl example looks like it is creating a hash using computed values as the key,) +comment(// array values as the value, sorting on the computed key, then extracting the sorted) +comment(// values and placing them back into an array) + +pre_type(function) ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Return computed value utilising '$value') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used]) +local_variable($unordered) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create hash using 'compute' function to generate the keys. This example assumes that) +comment(// each value in the '$unordered' array is used in generating the corresponding '$key') +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($unordered) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($precomputed)operator([)ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Copy the hash, and sort it by key) +local_variable($ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($precomputed)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed) +comment(// array) +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// As above, except uses 'array_update' and 'accum' to help create hash) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Return computed value utilising '$value') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used]) +local_variable($unordered) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create hash) +local_variable($precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($unordered)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Copy the hash, and sort it by key) +local_variable($ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($precomputed)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed) +comment(// array) +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($ordered)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sorted_employees) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($bonus) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(12376) operator(=>) integer(5000)operator(,) integer(12345) operator(=>) integer(6000)operator(,) integer(12355) operator(=>) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees) reserved(as) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(name)operator(})string( earns )string(\\)string($)operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees) reserved(as) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($amount) operator(=) local_variable($bonus)operator([)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(ssn)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(name)operator(})string( got a bonus of: )string(\\)string($)operator({)local_variable($amount)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name || $left->age != $right->age;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP offers a swag of POSIX functions for obtaining user information [i.e. they all read) +comment(// the '/etc/passwd' file for the relevant infroamtion], and it is these that should rightly) +comment(// be used for this purpose. However, since the intent of this section is to illustrate array) +comment(// manipulation, these functions won't be used. Instead a custom function mimicing Perl's) +comment(// 'getpwent' function will be implemented so the code presented here can more faithfully match) +comment(// the Perl code) + +pre_type(function) ident(get_pw_entries)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(function) ident(normal_users_only)operator(()local_variable($e)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($e)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($entry)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(>) integer(100) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($entry)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(<) integer(32768)operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(file)operator(()delimiter(')string(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(normal_users_only)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) + local_variable($users)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($entry)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($users)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($users) operator(=) ident(get_pw_entries)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($users)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left[0] > $right[0];)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($users) reserved(as) local_variable($user)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($names) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($names)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return substr($left, 1, 1\) > substr($right, 1, 1\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($strings) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(bbb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(aa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($strings)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return strlen($left\) > strlen($right\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($strings) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(bbb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(aa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($temp) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($strings)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d+\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($fields) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(b1b2b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a4a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c9)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ddd)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($temp) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($fields)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($sorted_fields) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.16) +ident(array_unshift)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(,) ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// last -> first) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(,) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// first -> last) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($item) operator(=) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($item)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($processes) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($process) operator(=) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()local_variable($processes)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Handling process )operator({)local_variable($process)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.17) +comment(// PHP offers the 'shuffle' function to perform this task) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Perl example equivalents) +pre_type(function) ident(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($a)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($size) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) + + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($size)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(>=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(--)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($i)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!=) local_variable($i)operator(\)) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(naive_shuffle)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($a)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($size) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($size)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($size) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +ident(naive_shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.18) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.19) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.0) +comment(// PHP uses the term 'array' to refer to associative arrays - referred to in Perl) +comment(// as 'hashes' - and for the sake of avoiding confusion, the Perl terminology will) +comment(// be used. As a matter of interest, PHP does not sport a vector, matrix, or list) +comment(// type: the 'array' [Perl 'hash'] serves all these roles) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(24)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(25)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(17)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(24)operator(;) +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(25)operator(;) +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(17)operator(;) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(24)operator(,) integer(25)operator(,) integer(17)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.1) +local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Raspberry)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(pink)delimiter(')operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Known foods:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.2) +comment(// Returns TRUE on all existing entries with non-NULL values) +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator(;) comment(// entry exists ) +reserved(else) + operator(;) comment(// no such entry ) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Returns TRUE on all existing entries regardless of attached value) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator(;) comment(// entry exists ) +reserved(else) + operator(;) comment(// no such entry ) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Martini)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($name)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string( is a food.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string( is a drink.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Toddler)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Unborn)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Phantasm)delimiter(') operator(=>) constant(NULL)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Toddler)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Unborn)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Phantasm)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Relic)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($thing)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($thing)operator(})string(:)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($thing)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( exists)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($age)operator([)local_variable($thing)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( non-NULL)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($age)operator([)local_variable($thing)operator(])operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( TRUE)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.3) +comment(// Remove one, or more, hash entries) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key2)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key3)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove entire hash) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Perl example uses a global variable) + pre_type(global) local_variable($food_colour)operator(;) + + local_variable($foods) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Foods:)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})delimiter(")operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(Values:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($colour) operator(=) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( nullified or removed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Initially:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Nullify an entry) +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) constant(NULL)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(With 'Banana' nullified)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove an entry) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(With 'Banana' removed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Destroy the hash) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.4) +comment(// Access keys and values) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Access keys only) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Access values only) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'countfrom' - count number of messages from each sender) + +local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^From: (.*\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($from)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Senders:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($from) reserved(as) local_variable($sender) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sender)operator(})string( : )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(No valid data entered)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.5) +comment(// PHP offers, 'print_r', which prints hash contents in 'debug' form; it also) +comment(// works recursively, printing any contained arrays in similar form) +comment(// Array) +comment(// () +comment(// [key1] => value1 ) +comment(// [key2] => value2) +comment(// ...) +comment(// \)) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Based on Perl example; non-recursive, so contained arrays not printed correctly) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string( => )local_variable($value)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Sorted by keys) + +comment(// 1. Sort the original hash) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 2. Extract keys, sort, traverse original in key order) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($keys) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Sorted by values) + +comment(// 1. Sort the original hash) +ident(asort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 2. Extract values, sort, traverse original in value order [warning: finds ) +comment(// only first matching key in the case where duplicate values exist]) +local_variable($values) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($values)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($values) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($value) operator(.) delimiter(')string( <= )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(array_search)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.6) +comment(// Unless sorted, hash elements remain in the order of insertion. If care is taken to) +comment(// always add a new element to the end of the hash, then element order is the order) +comment(// of insertion. The following function, 'array_push_associative' [modified from original) +comment(// found at 'array_push' section of PHP documentation], does just that) +pre_type(function) ident(array_push_associative)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_array)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($arg) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) local_variable($ret)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) + reserved(else) + local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($arg)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Individual calls, or ...) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Yellow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Green)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Yellow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... one call, one array; physical order retained) +comment(// array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Banana' => 'Yellow', 'Apple' => 'Green', 'Lemon' => 'Yellow'\)\);) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(In insertion order:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($foods) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(Still in insertion order:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.7) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(,) local_variable($tty)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($entry)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($ttys)operator([)local_variable($user)operator(])operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($tty)operator(;) + + comment(// Could instead do this:) + comment(// $user = array_slice(preg_split('/\\s/', $entry\), 0, 2\);) + comment(// $ttys[$user[0]][] = $user[1];) +operator(}) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ttys)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string(: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string(: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($all_ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($tty)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($stat) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/dev/$tty)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($pwent) operator(=) ident(posix_getpwuid)operator(()local_variable($stat)operator([)delimiter(')string(uid)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($user) operator(=) pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($pwent)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($pwent)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(:) delimiter(')string(Not available)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($tty)operator(})string( owned by: )operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.8) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_flip' function to perform the task of exchanging the keys / values) +comment(// of a hash i.e. invert or 'flip' a hash) + +local_variable($reverse) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($surname) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Babe)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Ruth)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mickey)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Mantle)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($first_name) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($surname)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($first_name)operator([)delimiter(')string(Mantle)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( food|colour)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($given) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($given)operator(})string( is a food with colour: )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($food)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(})string( is a food with colour: )operator({)local_variable($given)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($foods_with_colour)operator([)local_variable($colour)operator(])operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($food)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(foods with colour )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})string( were: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($foods_with_colour)operator([)local_variable($colour)operator(])operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.9) +comment(// PHP implements a swag of sorting functions, most designed to work with numerically-indexed) +comment(// arrays. For sorting hashes, the 'key' sorting functions are required:) +comment(// * 'ksort', 'krsort', 'uksort') + +comment(// Ascending order) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Descending order [i.e. reverse sort]) +ident(krsort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Comparator-based sort) + +pre_type(function) ident(comparator)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Compare left key with right key) + reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(>) local_variable($right)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(,) delimiter(')string(comparator)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left > $right;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.10) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function for this task [a related function, 'array_combine',) +comment(// may be used to create a hash from an array of keys, and one of values, respectively]) + +comment(// Merge two, or more, arrays) +local_variable($merged) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create a hash from array of keys, and of values, respectively) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(,) local_variable($values)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Can always merge arrays manually ) +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(,) local_variable($h3)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// If same-key values differ, only latest retained) + local_variable($merged)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) + + comment(// Do this to append values for that key) + comment(// $merged[$key][] = $value;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($drink_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Galliano)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mai Tai)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(blue)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ingested_colour) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($drink_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($substance_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($drink_colour)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($substance) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($substance)operator(,) local_variable($substance_colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Warning )operator({)local_variable($substance_colour)operator([)local_variable($substance)operator(])operator(})string( seen twice. Using first definition.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(continue)operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($substance_colour)operator([)local_variable($substance)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($colour)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.11) +comment(// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions:) +comment(// * union: array_merge) +comment(// * intersection: array_intersect and family) +comment(// * difference: array_diff and family) +comment(// which may be used for this type of task) + +comment(// Keys occurring in both hashes) +local_variable($common) operator(=) ident(array_intersect_key)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Keys occurring in the first hash [left side], but not in the second hash) +local_variable($this_not_that) operator(=) ident(array_diff_key)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($citrus_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Orange)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lime)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(green)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($non_citrus) operator(=) ident(array_diff_key)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($citrus_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.12) +comment(// PHP implements a special type known as a 'resource' that encompasses things like file handles,) +comment(// sockets, database connections, and many others. The 'resource' type is, essentially, a) +comment(// reference variable that is not readily serialisable. That is to say:) +comment(// * A 'resource' may be converted to a string representation via the 'var_export' function) +comment(// * That same string cannot be converted back into a 'resource') +comment(// So, in terms of array handling, 'resource' types may be stored as array reference values,) +comment(// but cannot be used as keys. ) +comment(//) +comment(// I suspect it is this type of problem that the Perl::Tie package helps resolve. However, since) +comment(// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, sport a similar facility, the examples in this section cannot be) +comment(// implemented using file handles as keys) + +local_variable($filenames) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/etc/termcap)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/vmlinux)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/bin/cat)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filenames) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Cannot do this as required by the Perl code:) + comment(// $name[$fh] = $filename;) + + comment(// Ok) + local_variable($name)operator([)local_variable($filename)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fh)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Would traverse array via:) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach(array_keys($name\) as $fh\)) +comment(// ...) +comment(// or) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach($name as $fh => $filename\)) +comment(// ...) +comment(// but since '$fh' cannot be a key, either of these will work:) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach($name as $filename => $fh\)) +comment(// or) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($fh)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.13) +comment(// PHP hashes are dynamic expanding and contracting as entries are added, and removed,) +comment(// respectively. Thus, there is no need to presize a hash, nor is there, AFAIK, any) +comment(// means of doing so except by the number of datums used when defining the hash) + +comment(// zero elements) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// three elements) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.14) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($element)operator(\)) local_variable($count)operator([)local_variable($element)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.15) +local_variable($father) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Cain)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Abel)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Seth)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Enoch)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Cain)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Irad)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Enoch)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mehujael)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Irad)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Methusael)delimiter(')operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Mehujael)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Methusael)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jabal)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jubal)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Tubalcain)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Enos)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Seth)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($name)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + comment(// Can use either:) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($father)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($name) operator(=) local_variable($father)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// or:) + comment(// if (!key_exists($name, $father\)\) break;) + comment(// $name = $father[$name];) + + comment(// or combine the two lines:) + comment(// if (!($name = $father[$name]\)\) break;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($father) reserved(as) local_variable($child) operator(=>) local_variable($parent)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(])operator(\)) + local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($child)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(]) operator(.)operator(=) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($child)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($name) operator(.) delimiter(')string( begat )delimiter(')operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Nothing)char(\\n)delimiter(") + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) ident(str_replace)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(, )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Skipping )operator({)local_variable($file)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Skipping )operator({)local_variable($file)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^)string(\\)string(s*#)string(\\)string(s*include)string(\\)string(s*<([^>]+\)>/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(.)operator(=) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) + operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($includes)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.16) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.0) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/vi)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/usr/bin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/vi)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($ctime) operator(=) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(ctime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($size) operator(=) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(size)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// For the simple task of determining whether a file contains, text', a simple) +comment(// function that searches for a newline could be implemented. Not exactly) +comment(// foolproof, but very simple, low overhead, no installation headaches ...) +pre_type(function) ident(containsText)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($status) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($fp) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(FALSE) operator(!==) operator(()local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(fgetc)operator(()local_variable($fp)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($char) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($status) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) reserved(break)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fp)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($status)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// PHP offers the [currently experimental] Fileinfo group of functions to) +comment(// determine file types based on their contents / 'magic numbers'. This) +comment(// is functionality similar to the *NIX, 'file' utility. Note that it must) +comment(// first be installed using the PEAR utility [see PHP documentation] ) +pre_type(function) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Note: untested code, but I believe this is how it is supposed to work) + local_variable($finfo) operator(=) ident(finfo_open)operator(()constant(FILEINFO_NONE)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($status) operator(=) operator(()ident(finfo_file)operator(()local_variable($finfo)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(ASCII text)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + ident(finfo_close)operator(()local_variable($finfo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($status)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Alternatively, use the *NIX utility, 'file', directly) +pre_type(function) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(file -bN )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(ASCII text)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(containsText)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})string( doesn't have any text in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})string( doesn't have any text in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($dirhdl) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(()local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!==) constant(FALSE)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Inside %s is something called: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dirname)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.1) +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(example.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($readtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($writetime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Alter $writetime, and $readtime ...) + +comment(// Update file timestamp) +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($writetime)operator(,) local_variable($readtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(example.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Dedicated functions also exist to retrieve this information:) +comment(//) +comment(// $atime = $fileatime($filename\);) +comment(// $mtime = $filemtime($filename\);) +comment(//) + +comment(// Perform date arithmetic. Traditional approach where arithmetic is performed) +comment(// directly with Epoch Seconds [i.e. the *NIX time stamp value] will work ...) + +ident(define)operator(()delimiter(')string(SECONDS_PER_DAY)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Set file's access and modification times to 1 week ago) +local_variable($atime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)operator(;) + +comment(// ... but care must be taken to account for daylight saving. Therefore, the) +comment(// recommended approach is to use library functions to perform such tasks:) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(-7 days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(-7 days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Update file timestamp) +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Good idea to clear the cache after such updates have occurred so fresh) +comment(// values will be retrieved on next access) +ident(clearstatcache)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( filename)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Careful here: since interactive, use, 'system', not 'exec', to launch [latter) +comment(// does not work under *NIX - at least, not for me :\)]) +ident(system)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(EDITOR)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( vi )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($retcode)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Error updating timestamp on file, )operator({)local_variable($filename)operator(})string(!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.2) +comment(// The 'unlink' function is used to delete regular files, whilst the 'rmdir' function) +comment(// does the same on non-empty directories. AFAIK, no recursive-deletion facility) +comment(// exists, and must be manually programmed) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Can't delete, )operator({)local_variable($filename)operator(})string(!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($problem) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + +comment(// Could simply use a foreach loop) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($problem) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(//) +comment(// Alternatively, an applicative approach could be used, one closer in spirit to) +comment(// largely-functional languages like Scheme) +comment(//) +comment(// function is_all_deleted($deleted, $filename\) { return @unlink($filename\) && $deleted; }) +comment(// $problem = !array_reduce($files, 'is_all_deleted', TRUE\);) +comment(//) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($problem)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Could not delete all of:)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) reserved(exit)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(rmAll)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($count) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($count)operator(++)operator(;) operator(})operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($count)operator(;) + +comment(// An applicative alternative using 'create_function', PHP's rough equivalent of 'lambda' ...) +comment(//) +comment(// return array_reduce($files,) +comment(// create_function('$count, $filename', 'return @unlink($filename\) && $count++;'\), 0\);) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($toBeDeleted) operator(=) ident(sizeof)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($count) operator(=) ident(rmAll)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\))operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($count) operator(==) local_variable($toBeDeleted)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could only delete )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})string( of )operator({)local_variable($toBeDeleted)operator(})string( files)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.3) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(copy)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Error copying file)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// All the following copy a file by copying its contents. Examples do so in a single) +comment(// operation, but it is also possible to copy arbitrary blocks, or, line-by-line in ) +comment(// the case of 'text' files) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\)) + ident(file_put_contents)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) ident(file_get_contents)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(else) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem copying file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(fwrite)operator(()operator(()local_variable($nh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) ident(fread)operator(()operator(()local_variable($oh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(rb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// As above, but with some error checking / handling) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($oh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(rb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem opening input file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(()local_variable($nh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem opening output file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($filesize) operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(,) ident(fread)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(,) local_variable($filesize)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem reading / writing file data)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Should there be platform-specfic problems copying 'very large' files, it is) +comment(// a simple matter to call a system command utility via, 'exec') + +comment(// *NIX-specific example. Could check whether, 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether) +comment(// a file exists after the operation might be a better approach) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(cp --force )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem copying file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// For other operating systems just change:) +comment(// * filenames) +comment(// * command being 'exec'ed) +comment(// as the rest of the code is platform independant) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.4) +pre_type(function) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fs) operator(=) operator(@)ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + reserved(return) ident(strval)operator(()local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(dev)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(.) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(ino)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(do_my_thing)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Using a global variable to mimic Perl example, but could easily have passed) + comment(// '$seen' as an argument) + pre_type(global) local_variable($seen)operator(;) + + local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Process $filename if it has not previously been seen, else just increment) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// ... process $filename ...) + + comment(// Set initial count) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Otherwise, just increment the count) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Simple example) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($seen) reserved(as) local_variable($devino) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($devino)operator(})string( -> )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// A variation on the above avoiding use of global variables, and illustrating use of) +comment(// easily-implemented 'higher order' techniques) + +comment(// Helper function loosely modelled on, 'array_reduce', but using an array as) +comment(// 'accumulator', which is returned on completion) +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(do_my_thing)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(,) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(array_key_exists)operator(()operator(()local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// ... processing $filename ...) + + comment(// Update $seen) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Update $seen) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Simple example) +local_variable($files) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Could do this ...) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) delimiter(')string(do_my_thing)delimiter(')operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or this:) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) delimiter(')string(do_my_thing)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or a 'lambda' could be used:) +ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($seen, $filename)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(... code not shown ...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($seen) reserved(as) local_variable($devino) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($devino)operator(})string( -> )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/*)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(array_key_exists)operator(()operator(()local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($filename)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($devino)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($devino) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($key) operator(.) delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(split)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.5) +comment(// Conventional POSIX-like approach to directory traversal) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($dirhdl) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(()local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!==) constant(FALSE)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $dirname/$file) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Newer [post PHP 4], 'applicative' approach - an array of filenames is) +comment(// generated that may be processed via external loop ...) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $dirname/$file) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// .. or, via callback application, perhaps after massaging by one of the) +comment(// 'array' family of functions [also uses, 'array_update', from earlier section]) + +local_variable($newlist) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($filelist, $file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( ; )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// And don't forget that the old standby, 'glob', that returns an array of) +comment(// paths filtered using the Bourne Shell-based wildcards, '?' and '*', is) +comment(// also available) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $path) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Uses, 'isTextFile', from an earlier section) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Text files in )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})string(:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Take care when constructing paths to ensure cross-platform operability ) + local_variable($path) operator(=) local_variable($dirname) operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) local_variable($path) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(plain_files)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(()local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't glob )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Pass function name directly if only a single function performs filter test) + reserved(return) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($dirlist)operator(,) delimiter(')string(is_file)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Use, 'create_function', if a multi-function test is needed) + comment(//) + comment(// return array_filter($dirlist, create_function('$path', 'return is_file($path\);'\)\);) + comment(//) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(plain_files)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($path) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.6) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Full paths) +local_variable($pathlist) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*.c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// File names only - glob-based matching) +local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return fnmatch("*.c", $file\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// File names only - regex-based matching [case-insensitive]) +local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return eregi(")string(\\)string(.[ch]$", $file\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Directory names - all-digit names) +local_variable($dirs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(,) constant(GLOB_ONLYDIR)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($path)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return ereg("^[0-9]+$", basename($path\)\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.7) +comment(// Recursive directory traversal function and helper: traverses a directory tree) +comment(// applying a function [and a variable number of accompanying arguments] to each) +comment(// file) + +pre_type(class) constant(Accumulator) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($value)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($start_value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(value) operator(=) local_variable($start_value)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($current) operator(=) local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($current)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($entry) operator(==) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($entry) operator(==) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($current) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($entry)operator(;) + ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + ident(call_user_func_array)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(process_directory)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + local_variable($func_args) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/d1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d3)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do something with each directory in the list) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($dirlist) reserved(as) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) + comment(// Delete directory [if empty] -> rmdir($dir\); ) + comment(// Make it the 'current directory' -> chdir($dir\);) + comment(// Get list of files it contains -> $filelist = scandir($dir\);) + comment(// Get directory metadata -> $ds = stat($dir\);) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/d1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d3)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(pf)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ... do something to the file or directory ...) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// For each directory in the list ...) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($dirlist) reserved(as) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Is this a valid directory ?) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s does not exist)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// Ok, so get all the directory's entries) + local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// An 'empty' directory will contain at least two entries: '..' and '.') + reserved(if) operator(()ident(count)operator(()local_variable($filelist)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) operator({) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s is empty)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// For each file / directory in the directory ...) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filelist) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Ignore '..' and '.' entries) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($file) operator(==) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($file) operator(==) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Apply function to process the file / directory) + ident(pf)operator(()local_variable($dir) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum_filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value) operator(+)operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($dirsize) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(accum_filesize)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($dirsize)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s contains %d bytes)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($dirsize)operator(->)ident(value)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(biggest_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<) local_variable($fs)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($biggest) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(biggest_file)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Biggest file is %s containing %d bytes)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(youngest_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($fct) operator(=) ident(filectime)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(>) local_variable($fct)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fct)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($youngest) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) integer(2147483647)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(youngest_file)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Youngest file is %s dating %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_ATOM)operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.8) +comment(// AFAICT, there is currently no library function that recursively removes a) +comment(// directory tree [i.e. a directory, it's subdirectories, and any other files]) +comment(// with a single call. Such a function needs to be custom built. PHP tools) +comment(// with which to do this:) +comment(// * 'unlink', 'rmdir', 'is_dir', and 'is_file' functions, will all take care) +comment(// of the file testing and deletion) +comment(// * Actual directory traversal requires obtaining directory / subdirectory) +comment(// lists, and here there is much choice available, though care must be taken) +comment(// as each has it's own quirks) +comment(// - 'opendir', 'readdir', 'closedir') +comment(// - 'scandir') +comment(// - 'glob') +comment(// - SPL 'directory iterator' classes [newish / experimental - not shown here]) +comment(//) +comment(// The PHP documentation for 'rmdir' contains several examples, each illustrating) +comment(// one of each approach; the example shown here is loosely based on one of these) +comment(// examples) + +comment(// Recursor - recursively traverses directory tree) +pre_type(function) ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")local_variable($dir)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($dh) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(FALSE) operator(!==) operator(()local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dh)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($item) operator(!=) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($item) operator(!=) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($subdir) operator(=) local_variable($dir) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) delimiter(")local_variable($item)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(else) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dh)operator(\))operator(;) operator(@)ident(rmdir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Launcher - performs validation then starts recursive routine) +pre_type(function) ident(rmtree)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: rmtree dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(rmtree)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not remove directory )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.9) +local_variable($filepairs) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(x.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(x2.txt)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(y.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(y.doc)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(zxc.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(cxz.txt)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filepairs) reserved(as) local_variable($oldfile) operator(=>) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(@)ident(rename)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not rename %s to %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Call a system command utility via, 'exec'. *NIX-specific example. Could check whether,) +comment(// 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether a renamed file exists after the operation might) +comment(// be a better approach) + +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(mv --force )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem renaming file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// For other operating systems just change:) +comment(// * filenames) +comment(// * command being 'exec'ed) +comment(// as the rest of the code is platform independant) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// A modified implementation of Larry's Filename Fixer. Rather than passing) +comment(// a single expression, a 'from' regexp is passed; each match in the file) +comment(// name(s\) is changed to the value of 'to'. It otherwise behaves the same) +comment(//) + +local_variable($argc) operator(>) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: rename from to [file ...])char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($from) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($to) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(count)operator(()operator(()local_variable($argv) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(<) integer(1)operator(\)) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) local_variable($argv)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($argv) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($was) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) + local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(ereg_replace)operator(()local_variable($from)operator(,) local_variable($to)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strcmp)operator(()local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(!=) integer(0)operator(\)) + operator(@)ident(rename)operator(()local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not rename %s to %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.10) +local_variable($base) operator(=) ident(basename)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(dirname)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// PHP's equivalent to Perl's 'fileparse') +local_variable($pathinfo) operator(=) ident(pathinfo)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($base) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(basename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(dirname)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($ext) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, file is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dirname)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(,) ident(basename)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($pathinfo) operator(=) ident(pathinfo)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(dirname)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(basename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Handle Mac example as a simple parse task. However, AFAIK, 'pathinfo' is cross-platform,) +comment(// so should handle file path format differences transparently) +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Hard%20Drive:System%20Folder:README.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($macp) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(drive)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(folder)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(filename)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(")string(\\)string(:)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(%20)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($macf) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(")string(\\)string(.)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(filename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) operator(()local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(drive)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(folder)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($macf)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) operator(()delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($macf)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Not really necessary since we have, 'pathinfo', but better matches Perl example) +pre_type(function) ident(file_extension)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($separator) operator(=) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(')operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(end)operator(()ident(split)operator(()operator(()delimiter(")char(\\\\)delimiter(") operator(.) local_variable($separator)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +pre_type(echo) ident(file_extension)operator(()delimiter(')string(readme.txt)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.11) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.12) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.0) +comment(// Since defined at outermost scope, $greeted may be considered a global variable) +local_variable($greeted) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Must use, 'global', keyword to inform functions that $greeted already exists as) +comment(// a global variable. If this is not done, a local variable of that name is implicitly) +comment(// defined) +pre_type(function) ident(howManyGreetings)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(hello)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) + local_variable($greeted)operator(++)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(high there!, this procedure has been called )operator({)local_variable($greeted)operator(})string( times)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(hello)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($greetings) operator(=) ident(howManyGreetings)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(bye there!, there have been )operator({)local_variable($greetings)operator(})string( greetings so far)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.1) +comment(// Conventionally-defined function together with parameter list) +pre_type(function) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) local_variable($side2)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Alternative is to define the function without parameter list, then use) +comment(// 'func_get_arg' to extract arguments) +pre_type(function) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Could check number of arguments passed with: 'func_num_args', which) + comment(// would be the approach used if dealing with variable number of arguments) + local_variable($side1) operator(=) ident(func_get_arg)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($side2) operator(=) ident(func_get_arg)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 1. Conventional function call) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 2. Function call using, 'call_user_func' library routines) +local_variable($funcname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(hypotenuse)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// a. Pass function name, and variable number of arguments) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(call_user_func)operator(()local_variable($funcname)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// b. Package arguments as array, pass together with function name) +local_variable($args) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(call_user_func_array)operator(()local_variable($funcname)operator(,) local_variable($args)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($nums) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)float(.4)operator(,) integer(3)float(.5)operator(,) integer(6)float(.7)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Pass-by-value) +pre_type(function) ident(int_all)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(array_map)operator(()ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($n)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return (int\) $n;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Pass-by-reference) +pre_type(function) ident(trunc_em)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($n) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($value)operator(\)) local_variable($value) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// $nums untouched; $ints is new array) +local_variable($ints) operator(=) ident(int_all)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// $nums updated) +ident(trunc_em)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.2) +comment(// Strictly-speaking, PHP is neither lexically [no environment capture] nor) +comment(// dynamically [no variable shadowing] scoped. A script in which several) +comment(// functions have been defined has two, entirely separate, scopes:) +comment(//) +comment(// * A 'top-level' scope i.e. everything outside each function) +comment(//) +comment(// * A 'local scope' within each function; each function is a self-contained) +comment(// entity and cannot [via conventional means] access variables outside its) +comment(// local scope. Accessing a variable that has not been locally defined) +comment(// serves to define it i.e. accessing a variable assumed to be global) +comment(// sees a local variable of that name defined) +comment(//) +comment(// The way 'global' variables are provided is via a predefined array of) +comment(// variable names, $GLOBALS [it is one of a special set of variables known) +comment(// as 'superglobals'; such variables *are* accessable in all scopes]. Each) +comment(// entry in this array is a 'global' variable name, and may be freely) +comment(// accessed / updated. A more convenient means of accessing such variables) +comment(// is via the 'global' keyword: one or more variables within a function is) +comment(// declared 'global', and those names are then taken to refer to entries) +comment(// in the $GLOBALS array rather than seeing local variables of that name) +comment(// accessed or defined) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Variables declared within a function are local to that function) + local_variable($variable) operator(=) delimiter(')string(something)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Top-level declared variables) +local_variable($name) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) local_variable($age) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) ident(fetch_time)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($condition) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(run_check)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// The globally-declared variable, '$condition', is not accessable within) + comment(// the function unless it declared as 'global. Had this not been done then) + comment(// attempts to access, '$condition', would have seen a local variable) + comment(// of that name declared and updated. Same applies to other variables) + pre_type(global) local_variable($condition)operator(,) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(;) + + local_variable($condition) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(check_x)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($y) operator(=) delimiter(')string(whatever)delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// This function only has access to the parameter, '$x', and the locally) + comment(// declared variable, '$y'.) + + comment(// Whilst 'run_check' has access to several global variables, the current) + comment(// function does not. For it to access the global variable, '$condition',) + comment(// it must be declared 'global') + ident(run_check)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(global) local_variable($condition)operator(;) + + comment(// 'run_check' will have updated, '$condition', and since it has been) + comment(// declared 'global' here, it is accessable) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($condition)operator(\)) + operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.3) +comment(// Local scopes are not created in the same way as in Perl [by simply enclosing) +comment(// within braces]: only via the creation of functions are local scopes created) + +comment(// Doesn't create a local scope; '$myvariable' is created at top-level) +operator({) + local_variable($myvariable) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// '$myvariable' is accessable here) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($myvariable) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +operator({) + local_variable($counter) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + comment(// Local scope created within function, but not within surrounding braces) + comment(// so:) + comment(// * '$counter' is actually a top-level variable, so globally accessable) + comment(// * 'next_counter' has no implict access to '$counter'; must be granted) + comment(// via 'global' keyword) + + pre_type(function) ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(global) local_variable($counter)operator(;) local_variable($counter)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, offer an equivalent to Perl's BEGIN block. Similar) +comment(// behaviour may be obtained by defining a class, and including such code) +comment(// in its constructor) + +pre_type(class) constant(BEGIN) +operator({) + pre_type(private) local_variable($myvariable)operator(;) + + pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(myvariable) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(othersub)operator(()operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(myvariable) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(BEGIN)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($b)operator(->)ident(othersub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP, like C, supports 'static' local variables, that is, those that upon) +comment(// first access are initialised, and thence retain their value between function) +comment(// calls. However, the 'counter' example is better implemented as a class) + +pre_type(class) constant(Counter) +operator({) + pre_type(private) local_variable($counter)operator(;) + + pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($counter_init)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter) operator(=) local_variable($counter_init)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(++)operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) operator(}) + pre_type(function) ident(prev_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($counter) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Counter)operator(()integer(42)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(prev_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.4) +comment(// AFAICT there is no means of obtaining the name of the currently executing) +comment(// function, or, for that matter, perform any stack / activation record,) +comment(// inspection. It *is* possible to:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Obtain a list of the currently-defined functions ['get_defined_functions']) +comment(// * Check whether a specific function exists ['function_exists']) +comment(// * Use the 'Reflection API') +comment(//) +comment(// So, to solve this problem would seem to require adopting a convention where) +comment(// a string representing the function name is passed as an argument, or a local) +comment(// variable [perhaps called, '$name'] is so set [contrived, and of limited use]) + +pre_type(function) ident(whoami)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($name) operator(=) delimiter(')string(whoami)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(I am: )operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(whoami)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.5) +comment(// In PHP all items exist as 'memory references' [i.e. non-modifiable pointers],) +comment(// so when passing an item as a function argument, or returning an item from) +comment(// a function, it is this 'memory reference' that is passed, and *not* the) +comment(// contents of that item. Should several references to an item exist [e.g. if) +comment(// passed to a function then at least two such references would exist in) +comment(// different scopes] they would all be refering to the same copy of the item.) +comment(// However, if an attempt is made to alter the item is made, a copy is made) +comment(// and it is the copy that is altered, leaving the original intact.) +comment(// ) +comment(// The PHP reference mechanism is used to selectively prevent this behaviour,) +comment(// and ensure that if a change is made to an item that no copy is made, and that) +comment(// it is the original item that is changed. Importantly, there is no efficiency) +comment(// gain from passing function parameters using references if the parameter item) +comment(// is not altered.) + +comment(// A copy of the item referred to by, '$arr', is made, and altered; original) +comment(// remains intact) +pre_type(function) ident(array_by_value)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// No copy is made; original item referred to by, '$arr', is altered) +pre_type(function) ident(array_by_ref)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) +ident(array_by_value)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// output: 7) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) +ident(array_by_ref)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// output: 7) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 7 ) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Since, 'add_vecpair', does not attempt to alter either, '$x' or '$y', it makes) +comment(// no difference whether they are 'passed by value', or 'passed by reference') +pre_type(function) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($r) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($length) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($length)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($r)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($x)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(]) operator(+) local_variable($y)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($r)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) +ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr2)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: add_vecpair ARR1 ARR2)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'passed by value') +local_variable($arr3) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(,) local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'passed by reference' [also possible to override default 'passed by value') +comment(// if required]) +local_variable($arr3) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr1)operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.6) +comment(// PHP can be described as a dynamically typed language because variables serve) +comment(// as identifiers, and the same variable may refer to data of various types.) +comment(// As such, the set of arguments passed to a function may vary in type between) +comment(// calls, as can the type of return value. Where this is likely to occur type) +comment(// checking should be performed either / both within the function body, and) +comment(// when obtaining it's return value. As for Perl-style 'return context', I) +comment(// don't believe it is supported by PHP) + +comment(// Can return any type) +pre_type(function) ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) integer(5)operator(;) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) delimiter(')string(5)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Throw away return type [i.e. returns a 'void' type ?]) +ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Check return type. Can do via:) +comment(// * gettype($var\)) +comment(// * is_xxx e.g. is_array($var\), is_muneric($var\), ...) +local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_numeric)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_array)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_string)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.7) +comment(// PHP doesn't directly support named / keyword parameters, but these can be) +comment(// easily mimiced using a class of key / value pairs, and passing a variable) +comment(// number of arguments) + +pre_type(class) constant(KeyedValue) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(key) operator(=) local_variable($key)operator(;) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(value) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Key: %10s|Value:%10s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(->)ident(key)operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(->)ident(value)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Bob)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(age)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(36)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(income)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Alternatively, an associative array of key / value pairs may be constructed.) +comment(// With the aid of the 'extract' built-in function, the key part of this array) +comment(// may be intsntiated to a variable name, thus more closely approximating the) +comment(// behaviour of true named parameters) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(extract)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Name: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Age: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($income)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Income: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($income)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Bob)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(age)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(36)operator(,) delimiter(')string(income)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(RaceTime) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($time)operator(,) local_variable($dim)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($time)operator(,) local_variable($dim)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(time) operator(=) local_variable($time)operator(;) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(dim) operator(=) local_variable($dim)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(extract)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($start_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(start: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($start_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($start_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($finish_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(finish: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($finish_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($finish_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($incr_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(incr: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($incr_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($incr_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(20)operator(,) delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(finish_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(incr_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(finish_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(30)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(30)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.8) +comment(// The 'list' keyword [looks like a function but is actually a special language) +comment(// construct] may be used to perform multiple assignments from a numerically) +comment(// indexed array of values, and offers the added bonus of being able to skip) +comment(// assignment of one, or more, of those values) + +pre_type(function) ident(func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Provided 'func' returns an numerically-indexed array, the following) +comment(// multiple assignment will work) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Any existing variables no longer wanted would need to be 'unset') +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// As above, but second element of return array discarded) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)operator(,)local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Care needed to ensure returned array is numerically-indexed) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($dev)operator(,) local_variable($ino)operator(,)operator(,)operator(,)local_variable($uid)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(array_values)operator(()ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.9) +comment(// Multiple return values are possible via packing a set of values within a) +comment(// numerically-indexed array and using 'list' to extract them) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arrin) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($hashin) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($arrin)operator(,) local_variable($hashin)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.10) +comment(// AFAICT, most of the PHP library functions are designed to return some required ) +comment(// value on success, and FALSE on exit. Whilst it is possible to return NULL, or) +comment(// one of the recognised 'empty' values [e.g. '' or 0 or an empty array etc],) +comment(// FALSE actually seems to be the preferred means of indicating failure) + +pre_type(function) ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) operator(}) + +ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Function failed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Function failed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.11) +comment(// Whether PHP is seen to support prototyping depends on the accepted) +comment(// definition of this term:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Prototyping along the lines used in Ada, Modula X, and even C / C++,) +comment(// in which a function's interface is declared separately from its) +comment(// implementation, is *not* supported) +comment(//) +comment(// * Prototyping in which, as part of the function definition, parameter) +comment(// information must be supplied. In PHP a function definition neither) +comment(// parameter, nor return type, information needs to be supplied, though) +comment(// it is usual to see a parameter list supplied [indicates the number,) +comment(// positional order, and optionally, whether a parameter is passed by) +comment(// reference; no type information is present]. In short, prototyping in) +comment(// PHP is optional, and limited) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_one_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_two_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_three_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(,) local_variable($arg3)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// The following may be interpreted as meaning a function accepting no) +comment(// arguments:) +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_no_arg)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// whilst the following may mean a function taking zero or more arguments) +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_no_arg_information)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.12) +comment(// Unlike in Perl, PHP's 'die' [actually an alias for 'exit'] doesn't throw) +comment(// an exception, but instead terminates the script, optionally either) +comment(// returning an integer value to the operating system, or printing a message.) +comment(// So, the following, does not exhibit the same behaviour as the Perl example) + +reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(some message)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Instead, like so many modern languages, PHP implements exception handling) +comment(// via the 'catch' and 'throw' keywords. Furthermore, a C++ or Java programmer) +comment(// would find PHP's exception handling facility remarkably similar to those) +comment(// of their respective languages. A simple, canonical example follows:) + +comment(// Usual to derive new exception classes from the built-in, 'Exception',) +comment(// class) +pre_type(class) constant(MyException) pre_type(extends) constant(Exception) +operator({) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) + +reserved(try) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($some_problem_detected)operator(\)) reserved(throw) pre_type(new) constant(MyException)operator(()delimiter(')string(some message)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($some_error_code)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ..) +operator(}) + +reserved(catch) operator(()constant(MyException) local_variable($e)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... handle the problem ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(FullMoonException) pre_type(extends) constant(Exception) +operator({) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) + +reserved(try) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($some_problem_detected)operator(\)) reserved(throw) pre_type(new) constant(FullMoonException)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($full_moon_error_code)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ..) +operator(}) + +reserved(catch) operator(()constant(FullMoonException) local_variable($e)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ... rethrow the exception - will propagate to higher level ...) + reserved(throw) local_variable($e)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.13) +comment(// Please refer to discussion about PHP scope in section two of this chapter.) +comment(// Briefly, PHP assumes a variable name within a function to be local unless) +comment(// it has been specifically declared with the, 'global', keyword, in which) +comment(// case it refers to a variable in the 'superglobal' array, '$GLOBALS'. Thus,) +comment(// inadvertant variable name shadowing cannot occur since it is it not possible ) +comment(// to use the same name to refer to both a local and a global variable. If) +comment(// accessing a global variable care should be taken to not accidentally update) +comment(// it. The techniques used in this section are simply not required.) + +comment(// *** NOT TRANSLATED ***) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.14) +comment(// In PHP once a function has been defined it remains defined. In other words,) +comment(// it cannot be undefined / deleted, nor can that particular function name be) +comment(// reused to reference another function body. Even the lambda-like functions) +comment(// created via the 'create_function' built-in, cannot be undefined [they exist) +comment(// until script termination, thus creating too many of these can actually) +comment(// exhaust memory !]. However, since the latter can be assigned to variables,) +comment(// the same variable name can be used to reference difference functions [and) +comment(// when this is done the reference to the previous function is lost (unless) +comment(// deliberately saved\), though the function itself continues to exist].) +comment(//) +comment(// If, however, all that is needed is a simple function aliasing facility,) +comment(// then just assign the function name to a variable, and execute using the) +comment(// variable name) + +comment(// Original function) +pre_type(function) ident(expand)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(expand)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Prove that function exists) +pre_type(echo) operator(()ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(expand)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(?) delimiter(')string(yes)delimiter(') operator(:) delimiter(')string(no)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// Use a variable to alias it) +local_variable($grow) operator(=) delimiter(')string(expand)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Call function via original name, and variable, respectively) +ident(expand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($grow)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove alias variable) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($grow)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(fred)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(fred)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +local_variable($barney) operator(=) delimiter(')string(fred)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($barney)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($barney)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(fred)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($fred) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(echo "fred)string(\\)string(n";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($barney) operator(=) local_variable($fred)operator(;) + +local_variable($barney)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($barney)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($fred)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(red)operator(()local_variable($text)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) delimiter(")string(<FONT COLOR='red'>)local_variable($text)string(</FONT>)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) ident(red)operator(()delimiter(')string(careful here)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(;) + +error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) +string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(')string(careful here)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($colours) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(")string(Careful with this )local_variable($colour)string(, James)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.15) +comment(// PHP sports an AUTOLOAD facility that is quite easy to use, but, AFAICT, is geared) +comment(// towards the detection of unavailable classes rather than for individual functions.) +comment(// Here is a rudimentary example:) + +pre_type(function) ident(__autoload)operator(()local_variable($classname)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(file_exists)operator(()local_variable($classname)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Class file does not exist, so handle situation; in this case,) + comment(// issue error message, and exit program) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File for class: )operator({)local_variable($classname)operator(})string( not found - aborting)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Class file exists, so load it) + pre_type(require_once) local_variable($classname)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Attempt to instantiate object of undefined class ) +pre_type(new) constant(UnknownClassObject)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Execution continues here if class exists) +comment(// ...) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// It is also possible to perform [quite extensive] introspection on functions,) +comment(// variables etc, so it is possible to check whether a function exists before) +comment(// executing it, thus allowing a non-existent functions to be searched for and) +comment(// loaded from a source file, or perhaps dynamically defined. An example of what) +comment(// could be described as a custom autoload facility appears below.) + +local_variable($colours) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(blue)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(green)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(purple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(violet)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Let's add a new colour to the list) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($colours)operator(,) delimiter(')string(chartreuse)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Checking whether function is defined) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(function_exists)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Doesn't exist, so dynamically define it) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Alternatively, if it exists in a source file, 'include' the file:) + comment(// include 'newcolours.php') + operator(}) + + pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(")string(Careful with this )local_variable($colour)string(, James)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.16) +comment(// *** Warning *** Whilst PHP *does* allow functions to be defined within other) +comment(// functions it needs to be clearly understood that these 'inner' functions:) +comment(// * Do not exist until the outer function is called a first time, at which time) +comment(// they then remain defined) +comment(// * Are global in scope, so are accessable outside the function by their name;) +comment(// the fact that they are nested within another function has, AFAICT, no bearing) +comment(// on name resolution) +comment(// * Do not form a closure: the inner function is merely 'parked' within the) +comment(// outer function, and has no implicit access to the outer function's variables) +comment(// or other inner functions) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// *** wrong *** 'inner' returns 0 * 19, not ($arg + 35\) * 19) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + + comment(// No implicit access to outer function scope; any required data must be) + comment(// explicity passed) + pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------ ) + +comment(// Equivalent to previously-shown code) +pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.17) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.1) +comment(// Run a command and return its results as a string.) +local_variable($output_string) operator(=) ident(shell_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Same as above, using backtick operator.) +local_variable($output_string) operator(=) error(`)ident(program) ident(args)error(`)operator(;) + +comment(// Run a command and return its results as a list of strings,) +comment(// one per line.) +local_variable($output_lines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($output_lines)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// The only way to execute a program without using the shell is to) +comment(// use pcntl_exec(\). However, there is no way to do redirection, so) +comment(// you can't capture its output.) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + comment(// Note that pcntl_exec(\) automatically prepends the program name) + comment(// to the array of arguments; the program name cannot be spoofed.) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.2) +comment(// Run a simple command and retrieve its result code.) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(")string(vi )local_variable($myfile)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($result_code)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Use the shell to perform redirection.) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Run a command, handling its result code or signal.) +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifexited)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($status) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wexitstatus)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program exited with status )local_variable($status)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifsignaled)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($signal) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wtermsig)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program killed by signal )local_variable($signal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifstopped)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($signal) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wstopsig)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program stopped by signal )local_variable($signal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) local_variable($args)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Run a command while blocking interrupt signals.) +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// parent catches INT and berates user) + reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(function) ident(handle_sigint)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Tsk tsk, no process interruptus)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_sigint)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({)operator(}) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + comment(// child ignores INT and does its thing) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/sleep)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(10)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Since there is no direct access to execv(\) and friends, and) +comment(// pcntl_exec(\) won't let us supply an alternate program name) +comment(// in the argument list, there is no way to run a command with) +comment(// a different name in the process table.) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.3) +comment(// Transfer control to the shell to run another program.) +ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/sh)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(-c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(archive *.data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// Transfer control directly to another program.) +ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/archive)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(accounting.data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.4) +comment(// Handle each line in the output of a process.) +local_variable($readme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Write to the input of a process.) +local_variable($writeme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(,) delimiter(')string(data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Wait for a process to complete.) +local_variable($f) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(sleep 1000000)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// child goes to sleep) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($f)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// and parent goes to lala land) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($writeme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(,) delimiter(")string(hello)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) comment(// program will get hello\\n on STDIN) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// program will get EOF on STDIN) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Output buffering callback that sends output to the pager.) +pre_type(function) ident(ob_pager)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($pipe)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($mode) operator(&) constant(PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pager) operator(=) ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(PAGER)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($pager)operator(\)) local_variable($pager) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/less)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// XXX: might not exist) + local_variable($pipe) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()local_variable($pager)operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipe)operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($mode) operator(&) constant(PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($pipe)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Redirect standard output to the pager.) +ident(ob_start)operator(()delimiter(')string(ob_pager)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do something useful that writes to standard output, then) +comment(// close the output buffer.) +comment(// ...) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.5) +comment(// Output buffering: Only display a certain number of lines of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Head) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Head)operator(()local_variable($lines)operator(=)integer(20)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines) operator(=) local_variable($lines)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines)operator(--)operator(;) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(return) local_variable($result) operator(?) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline) operator(:) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Output buffering: Prepend line numbers to each line of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Number) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Number)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number)operator(++)operator(;) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number) operator(.) delimiter(')string(: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Output buffering: Prepend "> " to each line of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Quote) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Quote)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(")string(> )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Use arrays as callbacks to register filter methods.) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Head)operator(()integer(100)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Number)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Quote)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Act like /bin/cat.) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($line)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Should match number of calls to ob_start(\).) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.6) +comment(// Process command-line arguments using fopen(\). PHP supports URLs for) +comment(// filenames as long as the "allow_url_fopen" configuration option is set.) +comment(//) +comment(// Valid URL protocols include:) +comment(// - http://www.myserver.com/myfile.html) +comment(// - ftp://ftp.myserver.com/myfile.txt) +comment(// - compress.zlib://myfile.gz) +comment(// - php://stdin) +comment(//) +comment(// See http://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php for details.) +comment(//) +local_variable($filenames) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($filenames)operator(\)) local_variable($filenames) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(php://stdin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($filenames) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($handle) operator(=) operator(@)ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + comment(// ...) + operator(}) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(can't open )local_variable($filename)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.7) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>&1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(/)ident(dev)operator(/)pre_type(null)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(/)ident(dev)operator(/)pre_type(null)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(&)integer(2) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(3) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)operator(-)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-|)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(&)integer(2) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(3) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)operator(-)error(`)operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($fd3) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) local_variable($fd2)operator(;) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd3)operator(;) +local_variable($fd3) operator(=) pre_type(null)operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// exec('prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1'\);) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) delimiter(")string(tmpfile)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// change stdout destination first) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) comment(// now point stderr there, too) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// exec('prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile'\);) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) comment(// stderr same destination as stdout) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) delimiter(")string(tmpfile)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// but change stdout destination) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.8) +comment(// Connect to input and output of a process.) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(")string(here's your input)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) ident(stream_get_contents)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($result_code) operator(=) ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($result_code)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($all) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($outlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($errlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(")string(( )local_variable($cmd)string( | sed -e 's/^/stdout: /' \) 2>&1)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($all)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($all) reserved(as) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pos) operator(=) ident(strpos)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(,) delimiter(')string(stdout: )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pos) operator(!==) pre_type(false) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($pos) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($outlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + local_variable($errlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDOUT:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($outlines)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDERR:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($errlines)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.9) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($cmd)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(2) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// give end of file to kid, or feed him) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// read till EOF) + local_variable($outlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($outlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// XXX: block potential if massive) + local_variable($errlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($errlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDOUT:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($outlines)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDERR:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($errlines)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// cmd3sel - control all three of kids in, out, and error.) +local_variable($cmd) operator(=) delimiter(")string(grep vt33 /none/such - /etc/termcap)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($cmd)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(2) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(")string(This line has a vt33 lurking in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($readers) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()ident(stream_select)operator(()local_variable($read)operator(=)local_variable($readers)operator(,) + local_variable($write)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + local_variable($except)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + integer(0)operator(,) integer(200000)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($read) reserved(as) local_variable($stream)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($stream) operator(===) local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(STDOUT: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(STDERR: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($readers) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($readers)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.10) +comment(// PHP supports fork/exec/wait but not pipe. However, it does) +comment(// support socketpair, which can do everything pipes can as well) +comment(// as bidirectional communication. The original recipes have been) +comment(// modified here to use socketpair only.) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe1 - use socketpair and fork so parent can send to child) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) local_variable($writer)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// this will happen anyway) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe2 - use socketpair and fork so child can send to parent) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) local_variable($writer)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// this will happen anyway) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe3 and pipe4 demonstrate the use of perl's "forking open") +comment(// feature to reimplement pipe1 and pipe2. pipe5 uses two pipes) +comment(// to simulate socketpair. Since PHP supports socketpair but not) +comment(// pipe, and does not have a "forking open" feature, these) +comment(// examples are skipped here.) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe6 - bidirectional communication using socketpair) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) local_variable($parent)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.11) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// % mkfifo /path/to/named.pipe) +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/named.pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Got: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(could not open fifo for read)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/named.pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(,) delimiter(")string(Smoke this.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(could not open fifo for write)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// % mkfifo ~/.plan # isn't this everywhere yet?) +comment(// % mknod ~/.plan p # in case you don't have mkfifo) +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// dateplan - place current date and time in .plan file) +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($home) operator(=) ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(HOME)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(")local_variable($home)string(/.plan)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )local_variable($home)string(/.plan for writing.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(,) + delimiter(')string(The current time is )delimiter(') + operator(.) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// fifolog - read and record log msgs from fifo) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) pre_type(null)operator(;) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(handle_alarm)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($fifo)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\)) ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// move on to the next queued process) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGALRM)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_alarm)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// turn off alarm for blocking open) + local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/log)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(can't open /tmp/log)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// you have 1 second to log) + + local_variable($service) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) comment(// interrupt or nothing logged) + local_variable($service) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($service)operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($message) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($message) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) comment(// interrupt or nothing logged) + local_variable($message) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($message)operator(\))operator(;) + + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// turn off alarms for message processing) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(==) delimiter(')string(http)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// ignoring) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(==) delimiter(')string(login)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// log to /var/log/login) + local_variable($log) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/var/log/login)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($log) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($log)operator(,) + ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator(.) delimiter(")string( )local_variable($service)string( )local_variable($message)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($log)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(trigger_error)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't log )local_variable($service)string( )local_variable($message)string( to /var/log/login)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) + constant(E_USER_WARNING)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.12) +comment(// sharetest - test shared variables across forks) + +local_variable($SHM_KEY) operator(=) ident(ftok)operator(()pre_constant(__FILE__)operator(,) ident(chr)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($handle) operator(=) ident(sem_get)operator(()local_variable($SHM_KEY)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($buffer) operator(=) ident(shm_attach)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// The original recipe has an INT signal handler here. However, it) +comment(// causes erratic behavior with PHP, and PHP seems to do the right) +comment(// thing without it.) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) integer(10)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($child) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($child) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($kids)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($child)operator(;) comment(// in case we care about their pids) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(squabble)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(exit)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(')string(Buffer is )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(shm_get_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(Not reached)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(squabble)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($handle)operator(;) + pre_type(global) local_variable($buffer)operator(;) + local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^)local_variable($pid)char(\\\\)string(b/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(shm_get_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + ident(sem_acquire)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(;) + ident(shm_put_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(")local_variable($pid)string( )local_variable($i)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sem_release)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Buffer is 14357 1) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 3) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 4) +comment(// Buffer is 14354 5) +comment(// Buffer is 14353 6) +comment(// Buffer is 14351 8) +comment(// Buffer is 14351 9) +comment(// Buffer is 14350 10) +comment(// Buffer is 14348 11) +comment(// Buffer is 14348 12) +comment(// Buffer is 14357 10) +comment(// Buffer is 14357 11) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 13) +comment(// ...) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.13) +comment(// Available signal constants) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(print_r(get_defined_constants(\)\);)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) delimiter(')string(\\)string([SIG)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) operator(-)ident(v) ident(_) + operator([)constant(SIGHUP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(1) + operator([)constant(SIGINT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(2) + operator([)constant(SIGQUIT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(3) + operator([)constant(SIGILL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(4) + operator([)constant(SIGTRAP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(5) + operator([)constant(SIGABRT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(6) + operator([)constant(SIGIOT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(6) + operator([)constant(SIGBUS)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(7) + operator([)constant(SIGFPE)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(8) + operator([)constant(SIGKILL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(9) + operator([)constant(SIGUSR1)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(10) + operator([)constant(SIGSEGV)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(11) + operator([)constant(SIGUSR2)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(12) + operator([)constant(SIGPIPE)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(13) + operator([)constant(SIGALRM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(14) + operator([)constant(SIGTERM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(15) + operator([)constant(SIGSTKFLT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(16) + operator([)constant(SIGCLD)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(17) + operator([)constant(SIGCHLD)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(17) + operator([)constant(SIGCONT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(18) + operator([)constant(SIGSTOP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(19) + operator([)constant(SIGTSTP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(20) + operator([)constant(SIGTTIN)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(21) + operator([)constant(SIGTTOU)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(22) + operator([)constant(SIGURG)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(23) + operator([)constant(SIGXCPU)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(24) + operator([)constant(SIGXFSZ)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(25) + operator([)constant(SIGVTALRM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(26) + operator([)constant(SIGPROF)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(27) + operator([)constant(SIGWINCH)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(28) + operator([)constant(SIGPOLL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(29) + operator([)constant(SIGIO)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(29) + operator([)constant(SIGPWR)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(30) + operator([)constant(SIGSYS)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(31) + operator([)constant(SIGBABY)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(31) + +comment(// Predefined signal handler constants) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(print_r(get_defined_constants(\)\);)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) delimiter(')string(\\)string([SIG)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) ident(_) + operator([)constant(SIG_IGN)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(1) + operator([)constant(SIG_DFL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(0) + operator([)constant(SIG_ERR)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(-1) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.14) +comment(// send pid a signal 9) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send whole job a signal 1) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pgrp)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send myself a SIGUSR1) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(SIGUSR1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send a SIGHUP to processes in pids) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($pids) reserved(as) local_variable($pid)operator(\)) ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) constant(SIGHUP)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Use kill with pseudo-signal 0 to see if process is alive.) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($minion)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($minion)string( is alive!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($minion)string( is deceased.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.15) +comment(// call got_sig_quit for every SIGQUIT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGQUIT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_quit)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// call got_sig_pipe for every SIGPIPE) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGPIPE)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_pipe)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// increment ouch for every SIGINT) +pre_type(function) ident(got_sig_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(global) local_variable($ouch)operator(;) local_variable($ouch)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// ignore the signal INT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// restore default STOP signal handling) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGSTOP)operator(,) constant(SIG_DFL)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.16) +comment(// the signal handler) +pre_type(function) ident(ding)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x07Enter your name!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// prompt for name, overriding SIGINT) +pre_type(function) ident(get_name)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ding)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: )delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)operator(@)ident(stream_select)operator(()local_variable($read)operator(=)pre_type(array)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($write)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + local_variable($except)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// allow signals to be observed) + operator(}) + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Since pcntl_signal(\) doesn't return the old signal handler, the) + comment(// best we can do here is set it back to the default behavior.) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_DFL)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($name)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.17) +pre_type(function) ident(got_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// but not for SIGCHLD!) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($interrupted) operator(=) pre_type(false)operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(got_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($interrupted)operator(;) + local_variable($interrupted) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(;) + comment(// The third argument to pcntl_signal(\) determines if system calls) + comment(// should be restarted after a signal. It defaults to true.) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(false)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// or SIG_IGN) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(false)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... long-running code that you don't want to restart) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($interrupted)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// deal with the signal) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.18) +comment(// ignore signal INT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// install signal handler) +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(tsktsk)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x07The long habit of living indisposeth us for dying.)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(tsktsk)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(tsktsk)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.19) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()integer(-1)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// ...) + ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + comment(// install *after* calling waitpid) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()integer(-1)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// No child waiting. Ignore it.) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifexited)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Process )local_variable($pid)string( exited.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(False alarm on )local_variable($pid)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.20) +comment(// PHP does not support sigprocmask(\).) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.21) +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($aborted) operator(=) pre_type(false)operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(handle_alarm)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($aborted)operator(;) + local_variable($aborted) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGALRM)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_alarm)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(3600)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// long-time operations here) +ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($aborted)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// timed out - do what you will here) +operator(}) |