diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'test')
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.expected.raydebug | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.in.php | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug | 5516 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/pleac.in.php | 5516 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/suite.rb | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/test.expected.raydebug | 498 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/php/test.in.php | 498 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/create_tables.expected.raydebug | 94 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/create_tables.in.sql | 94 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/maintenance.expected.raydebug | 24 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/maintenance.in.sql | 24 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/reference.expected.raydebug | 109 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/reference.in.sql | 109 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/selects.expected.raydebug | 46 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/selects.in.sql | 46 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/scanners/sql/suite.rb | 2 |
16 files changed, 12580 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11a0372 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +operator(<)operator(?)ident(php) diff --git a/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.in.php b/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.in.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3d9bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/html+php_faulty.in.php @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?php diff --git a/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bec15e --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/pleac.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,5516 @@ +comment(# -*- php -*-) +comment(# The examples are taken from the Perl Cookbook) +comment(# By Tom Christiansen & Nathan Torkington) +comment(# see http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook for more) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_NAME) +comment(# @@SKIP@@ PHP) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_WEB) +comment(# @@SKIP@@ http://php.net/) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.0) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(\\)string(n)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# two characters, \\ and an n) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Jon )char(\\')string(Maddog)char(\\')string( Orwant)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# literal single quotes) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Jon "Maddog" Orwant)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(# literal double quotes) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# a "newline" character) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Jon )char(\\")string(Maddog)char(\\")string( Orwant)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# literal double quotes) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Jon 'Maddog' Orwant)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# literal single quotes) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($a) operator(=) +delimiter(")string(This is a multiline) +string(here document)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(<<<EOF) +constant(This) ident(is) ident(a) ident(multiline) ident(here) ident(document) +ident(terminated) ident(by) constant(EOF) ident(on) ident(a) ident(line) ident(by) ident(itself) +constant(EOF)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.1) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($value) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(,) local_variable($count)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($value) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($newstring)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(,) local_variable($count)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($newtail)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# get a 5-byte string, skip 3, then grab 2 8-byte strings, then the rest) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($leading)operator(,) local_variable($s1)operator(,) local_variable($s2)operator(,) local_variable($trailing)operator(\)) operator(=) + ident(array_values)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(A5a/x3/A8b/A8c/A*d)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($data)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(# split at five byte boundaries) +ident(preg_match_all) operator(()delimiter(")string(/.)string({)string(5}/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($data)operator(,) local_variable($f)operator(,) constant(PREG_PATTERN_ORDER)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($fivers) operator(=) local_variable($f)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + +comment(# chop string into individual characters) +local_variable($chars) operator(=) local_variable($string)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(This is what you have)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(# +012345678901234567890 Indexing forwards (left to right\)) +comment(# 109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left\)) +comment(# note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above) + +local_variable($first) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "T") +local_variable($start) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "is") +local_variable($rest) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "you have") +local_variable($last) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "e") +local_variable($end) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-4)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "have") +local_variable($piece) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-8)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "you") +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(This is what you have)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($string)operator(;) +comment(#This is what you have) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")string(wasn't)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# change "is" to "wasn't") +comment(#This wasn't what you have) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")string(ondrous)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(-12)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# "This wasn't wondrous") +comment(#This wasn't wondrous) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# delete first character) +comment(#his wasn't wondrous) + +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(substr_replace)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")delimiter(")operator(,) integer(-10)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# delete last 10 characters) +comment(#his wasn') +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/pattern/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) integer(-10)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(Pattern matches in last 10 characters)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(# substitute "at" for "is", restricted to first five characters) +local_variable($string)operator(=)operator(()ident(substr_replace)operator(()ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(")string(/is/)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(at)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(5)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# exchange the first and last letters in a string) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(make a hat)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\))integer(-1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)integer(0)operator(,)integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($a)operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# extract column with unpack) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(To be or not to be)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(x6/A6a)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# skip 6, grab 6) +pre_type(print) local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + +local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(x6/A2b/X5/A2c)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# forward 6, grab 2; backward 5, grab 2) +pre_type(print) local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(])operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(.)local_variable($b)operator([)delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(])operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(function) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($positions) operator(=) ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($template) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + local_variable($lastpos) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($positions) reserved(as) local_variable($place)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($template) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(A)delimiter(") operator(.) operator(()local_variable($place) operator(-) local_variable($lastpos)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($lastpos) operator(=) local_variable($place)operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($template) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(A*)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($template)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($fmt) operator(=) ident(cut2fmt)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(14)operator(,) integer(20)operator(,) integer(26)operator(,) integer(30)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($fmt)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#A7 A6 A6 A6 A4 A*) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.2) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# use $b if $b is true, else $c) +local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(?)local_variable($b)operator(:)local_variable($c)operator(;) + +comment(# set $x to $y unless $x is already true) +local_variable($x) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($x)operator(=)local_variable($y)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# use $b if $b is defined, else $c) +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(defined)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($b) operator(:) local_variable($c)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($foo) operator(=) local_variable($bar) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($foo) operator(=) delimiter(")string(DEFAULT VALUE)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(defined)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(:) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($_SERVER)operator([)delimiter(')string(argv)delimiter(')operator(])operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(:) delimiter(")string(/tmp)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($count)operator([)local_variable($shell)operator(?)local_variable($shell)operator(:)delimiter(")string(/bin/sh)delimiter(")operator(])operator(++)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# find the user name on Unix systems) +local_variable($user) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator([)delimiter(')string(USER)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator([)delimiter(')string(LOGNAME)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(posix_getlogin)operator(()operator(\)) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(posix_getpwuid)operator(()ident(posix_getuid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator([)integer(0)operator(]) + operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($user) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Unknown uid number )string($)string(<)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($starting_point) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($starting_point) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Greenwich)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(;) comment(# copy only if empty) +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($b) operator(:) local_variable($c)operator(;) comment(# assign @b if nonempty, else @c) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.3) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($VAR1)operator(,) local_variable($VAR2)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($VAR2)operator(,) local_variable($VAR1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($temp) operator(=) local_variable($a)operator(;) +local_variable($a) operator(=) local_variable($b)operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) local_variable($temp)operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($a) operator(=) delimiter(")string(alpha)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) delimiter(")string(omega)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# the first shall be last -- and versa vice) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($alpha)operator(,) local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()delimiter(")string(January)delimiter(")operator(,)delimiter(")string(March)delimiter(")operator(,)delimiter(")string(August)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +comment(# move beta to alpha,) +comment(# move production to beta,) +comment(# move alpha to production) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($alpha)operator(,) local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($beta)operator(,) local_variable($production)operator(,) local_variable($alpha)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.4) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($num) operator(=) ident(ord)operator(()local_variable($char)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(chr)operator(()local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%c)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# slower than chr($num\)) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(,) local_variable($num)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ASCII) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($STRING = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ASCII)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ascii_value) operator(=) ident(ord)operator(()delimiter(")string(e)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) comment(# now 101) +local_variable($character) operator(=) ident(chr)operator(()integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# now "e") +comment(#-----------------------------) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Number %d is character %c)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(101)operator(,) integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($ascii_character_numbers) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(sample)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,)local_variable($ascii_character_numbers)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($word = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ascii_character_numbers)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($word) operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(115)operator(,) integer(97)operator(,) integer(109)operator(,) integer(112)operator(,) integer(108)operator(,) integer(101)operator(\))operator(;) comment(# same) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($word)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($hal) operator(=) delimiter(")string(HAL)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($ascii) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($hal)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($ascii) reserved(as) local_variable($val)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($val)operator(++)operator(;) comment(# add one to each ASCII value) +operator(}) +pre_type(eval)operator(()delimiter(')string($ibm = pack("C*", )delimiter(')operator(.)ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(,)local_variable($ascii)operator(\))operator(.)delimiter(')string(\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($ibm)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(# prints "IBM") +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.5) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// using perl regexp) +local_variable($array) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(//)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string) operator(,)integer(-1)operator(,) constant(PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// using PHP function: $array = str_split($string\);) + +comment(// Cannot use unpack with a format of 'U*' in PHP.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($offset) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($offset)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// $matches[1] has charcter, ord($matches[1]\) its number) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(an apple a day)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(str_split)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($char)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($char)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(unique chars are: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(unique) ident(chars) label(are)operator(:) ident(adelnpy) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(an apple a day)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($offset) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($offset)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(unique chars are: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($keys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(unique) ident(chars) label(are)operator(:) ident(adelnpy) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($sum) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($byteval)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($sum) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($byteval)operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(sum is )local_variable($sum)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// prints "1248" if $string was "an apple a day") +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($sum) operator(=) ident(array_sum)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// sum - compute 16-bit checksum of all input files) +local_variable($handle) operator(=) operator(@)ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($checksum) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($checksum) operator(+)operator(=) operator(()ident(array_sum)operator(()ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(")string(C*)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +local_variable($checksum) operator(%)operator(=) ident(pow)operator(()integer(2)operator(,)integer(16)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) +pre_type(print) delimiter(")local_variable($checksum)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/slowcat.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.6) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revchars) operator(=) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// reverse word order) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Yoda said, "can you see this?")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($allwords) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($allwords)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($revwords) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(this)operator(?)delimiter(")string( see you )delimiter(")ident(can) ident(said)operator(,) constant(Yoda) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($revwords) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(s+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($word) operator(=) delimiter(")string(reviver)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($is_palindrome) operator(=) operator(()local_variable($word) operator(===) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($word)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// quite a one-liner since "php" does not have a -n switch) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(while (!feof(STDIN\)\) { $word = rtrim(fgets(STDIN\)\); if ($word == strrev($word\) && strlen($word\) > 5\) print $word; })delimiter(') operator(<) operator(/)ident(usr)operator(/)ident(dict)operator(/)ident(words) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.8) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($rows)operator(,) local_variable($cols)operator(\)) operator(=) constant(Array)operator(()integer(24)operator(,) integer(80)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(')string(I am $rows high and $cols long)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($text)operator(;) + +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(")string(I am 17 years old)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(2*$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# expand variables in $text, but put an error message in) +comment(# if the variable isn't defined) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string($()string(\\)string(w+\)/e)delimiter(')operator(,)delimiter(')string(isset($$1\)?$$1:)char(\\')string([NO VARIABLE: $$1])char(\\')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// As PHP arrays are used as hashes too, separation of section 4) +comment(// and section 5 makes little sense.) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.9) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($big) operator(=) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($little)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($little) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($big) operator(=) ident(ucfirst)operator(()local_variable($little)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($little) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($big)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($beast) operator(=) delimiter(")string(dromedary)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// capitalize various parts of $beast) +local_variable($capit) operator(=) ident(ucfirst)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Dromedar) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +local_variable($capall) operator(=) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// DROMEDAR) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +local_variable($caprest) operator(=) ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($beast)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// dROMEDAR) +comment(// PHP does not have the\\L and\\U string escapes.) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// titlecase each word's first character, lowercase the rest) +local_variable($text) operator(=) delimiter(")string(thIS is a loNG liNE)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($text) operator(=) ident(ucwords)operator(()ident(strtolower)operator(()local_variable($text)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print) local_variable($text)operator(;) +constant(This) constant(Is) constant(A) constant(Long) constant(Line) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(strtoupper)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) comment(// or strcasecmp($a, $b\) == 0) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(a and b are the same)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/randcap.php) + +comment(// % php randcap.php < genesis | head -9) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.10) +comment(#-----------------------------) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($var1) operator(.) ident(func)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($var2)operator(;) comment(// scalar only) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// PHP can only handle variable expression without operators) +local_variable($answer) operator(=) delimiter(")string(STRING )string($)string({)string([ VAR EXPR ]} MORE STRING)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($phrase) operator(=) delimiter(")string(I have )delimiter(") operator(.) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(+) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( guanacos.)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// PHP cannot handle the complex exression: ${\\($n + 1\)}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// Rest of Discussion is not applicable to PHP) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// Interpolating functions not available in PHP) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.11) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.12) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(wordwrap)operator(()local_variable($str)operator(,) local_variable($width)operator(,) local_variable($break)operator(,) local_variable($cut)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/wrapdemo.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// merge multiple lines into one, then wrap one long line) +pre_type(print) ident(wordwrap)operator(()ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(file_get_contents)operator(()delimiter(')string(php://stdin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +reserved(while)operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) ident(wordwrap)operator(()ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(stream_get_line)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")char(\\n)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.13) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(//backslash) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([CHARLIST]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// double) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([CHARLIST]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($1$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($var) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/%/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%%)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($var)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Mom said, "Don)char(\\')string(t do that.")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([)char(\\')string("]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// in PHP you can also use the addslashes(\) function) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Mom said, "Don)char(\\')string(t do that.")delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([)char(\\')string("]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($1$1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/([^A-Z]\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// PHP does not have the \\Q and \\E string metacharacters) +local_variable($string) operator(=) delimiter(")string(this is)char(\\\\)string( a)char(\\\\)string( test)char(\\\\)string(!)delimiter(")operator(;) +comment(// PHP's quotemeta(\) function is not the same as perl's quotemeta(\) function) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(W\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')char(\\\\)string(\\)string($1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is a test!)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.14) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// print what's typed, but surrounded by > < symbols) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(>)delimiter(") operator(.) ident(substr)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string(<)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// finally, collapse middle) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// 1. trim leading and trailing white space) +comment(// 2. collapse internal whitespace to single space each) +pre_type(function) ident(sub_trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($string) operator(=) ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s+/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($string)operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.15) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(# @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.16) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($code) operator(=) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +local_variable($phoned_words) operator(=) ident(metaphone)operator(()delimiter(")string(Schwern)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// substitution function for getpwent(\):) +comment(// returns an array of user entries,) +comment(// each entry contains the username and the full name) +pre_type(function) ident(getpwent)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pwents) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($handle) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(")string(passwd)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(")string(r)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^#/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($cols) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")string(:)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($pwents)operator([)local_variable($cols)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($cols)operator([)integer(4)operator(])operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) local_variable($pwents)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(Lookup user: )delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(exit)operator(;) +local_variable($name_code) operator(=) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($pwents) operator(=) ident(getpwent)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($pwents) reserved(as) local_variable($username) operator(=>) local_variable($fullname)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(w+\)[^,]*)char(\\b)string(()string(\\)string(w+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($fullname)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(list)operator(()operator(,) local_variable($firstname)operator(,) local_variable($lastname)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($matches)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($username)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) + local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($lastname)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) + local_variable($name_code) operator(==) ident(soundex)operator(()local_variable($firstname)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s: %s %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($username)operator(,) local_variable($firstname)operator(,) local_variable($lastname)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_1.17) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle2.php) +comment(#-----------------------------) +comment(// very fast, but whitespace collapse) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($input)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^()string(\\)string(s*\)(.*\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($input)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// emit leading whitespace) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(")string(/()string(\\)string(s+\)/)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($token)operator(\)) operator({) comment(// preserve trailing whitespace) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($token)operator(,) local_variable($config)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($config)operator([)local_variable($token)operator(]) operator(:) local_variable($token)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( )delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +comment(#-----------------------------) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.0) +comment(// As is the case under so many other languages floating point use under PHP is fraught) +comment(// with dangers. Although the basic techniques shown below are valid, please refer to) +comment(// the official PHP documentation for known issues, bugs, and alternate approaches ) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.1) +comment(// Two basic approaches to numeric validation:) +comment(// * Built-in functions like 'is_numeric', 'is_int', 'is_float' etc) +comment(// * Regexes, as shown below) + +local_variable($s) operator(=) delimiter(')string(12.345)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(D/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(has nondigits)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a natural number)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not an integer)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^[+-]?)string(\\)string(d+$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not an integer)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?)string(\\)string(d+)string(\\)string(.?)string(\\)string(d*$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a decimal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^-?(?:)string(\\)string(d+(?:)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d*\)?|)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d+\)$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a decimal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^([+-]?\)(?=)string(\\)string(d|)string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d\))string(\\)string(d*()string(\\)string(.)string(\\)string(d*\)?([Ee]([+-]?)string(\\)string(d+\)\)?$/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(not a C float)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(getnum)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) delimiter(")string(%D)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($number) operator(:) integer(0)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(123)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ok) +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(0xf)ident(f)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ..) +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()integer(044)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// ..) + +pre_type(echo) ident(getnum)operator(()delimiter(')string(x)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// fail) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.2) +comment(// In PHP floating point comparisions are 'safe' [meaning the '==' comparison operator) +comment(// can be used] as long as the value consists of 14 digits or less [total digits, either) +comment(// side of the decimal point e.g. xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx., .xxxxxxxxxxxxxx]. If) +comment(// values with more digits must be compared, then:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Represent as strings, and take care to avoid any implicit conversions e.g. don't pass) +comment(// a float as a float to a function and expect all digits to be retained - they won't be -) +comment(// then use 'strcmp' to compare the strings) +comment(//) +comment(// * Avoid float use; perhaps use arbitrary precision arithmetic. In this case, the) +comment(// 'bccomp' function is relevant) + +comment(// Will work as long as each floating point value is 14 digits or less) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($float_1) operator(==) local_variable($float_2)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Compare as strings) +local_variable($cmp) operator(=) ident(strcmp)operator(()delimiter(')string(123456789.123456789123456789)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(123456789.123456789123456788)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Use 'bccomp') +local_variable($precision) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) comment(// Number of significant comparison digits after decimal point) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(bccomp)operator(()delimiter(')string(1.111117)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(1.111116)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +local_variable($precision) operator(=) integer(6)operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(bccomp)operator(()delimiter(')string(1.111117)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(1.111116)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($wage) operator(=) integer(536)operator(;) +local_variable($week) operator(=) local_variable($wage) operator(*) integer(40)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(One week's wage is: )string($)string(%.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($week) operator(/) integer(100)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.3) +comment(// Preferred approach) +local_variable($rounded) operator(=) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($unrounded)operator(,) local_variable($precision)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Possible alternate approach) +local_variable($format) operator(=) delimiter(')string(%[width].[prec]f)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($rounded) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()local_variable($format)operator(,) local_variable($unrounded)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Unrounded: )operator({)local_variable($a)operator(})char(\\n)string(Rounded: )operator({)local_variable($b)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) local_variable($b) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%.2f)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Unrounded: )operator({)local_variable($a)operator(})char(\\n)string(Rounded: )operator({)local_variable($b)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) integer(0)float(.255)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Unrounded: %.f)char(\\n)string(Rounded: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(number)char(\\t)string(int)char(\\t)string(floor)char(\\t)string(ceil)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)float(.3)operator(,) integer(3)float(.5)operator(,) integer(3)float(.7)operator(,) integer(-3)float(.3)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($number)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\t)string(%.1f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) local_variable($number)operator(,) ident(floor)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(,) ident(ceil)operator(()local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.4) +comment(// PHP offers the 'bindec' and 'decbin' functions to converting between binary and decimal) + +local_variable($num) operator(=) ident(bindec)operator(()delimiter(')string(0110110)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($binstr) operator(=) ident(decbin)operator(()integer(54)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.5) +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(range)operator(()local_variable($X)operator(,) local_variable($Y)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(range)operator(()local_variable($X)operator(,) local_variable($Y)operator(,) integer(7)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($X)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<=) local_variable($Y)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($X)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<=) local_variable($Y)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(+)operator(=) integer(7)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Infancy is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Toddling is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Childhood is:)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(range)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(12)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($i)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.6) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for Roman Numerals. However, a 'Numbers_Roman' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Numbers_Roman].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Numbers/Roman.php'\);) + +local_variable($roman) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumeral)operator(()local_variable($arabic)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($arabic) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumber)operator(()local_variable($roman)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($roman_fifteen) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumeral)operator(()integer(15)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($arabic_fifteen) operator(=) constant(Numbers_Roman)operator(::)ident(toNumber)operator(()local_variable($roman_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Roman for fifteen is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($roman_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Arabic for fifteen is: %d)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($arabic_fifteen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.7) +comment(// Techniques used here simply mirror Perl examples, and are not an endorsement) +comment(// of any particular RNG technique) + +comment(// In PHP do this ...) +local_variable($random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()local_variable($lowerbound)operator(,) local_variable($upperbound)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($random) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(make_password)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) local_variable($reqlen)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($len) operator(=) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($reqlen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($password) operator(.)operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($len)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($password)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($chars) operator(=) delimiter(')string(ABCDEfghijKLMNOpqrstUVWXYz)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($reqlen) operator(=) integer(8)operator(;) + +local_variable($password) operator(=) ident(make_password)operator(()local_variable($chars)operator(,) local_variable($reqlen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.8) +comment(// PHP sports a large number of C Standard Library routines including the 'srand') +comment(// function, used to re-seed the RNG used with calls to the 'rand' function. Thus,) +comment(// as per Perl example:) + +reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seed) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($seed)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(srand)operator(()local_variable($seed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.9) +comment(// The above is considered - for many reasons - a poor way of seeding the RNG. PHP) +comment(// also offers alternate versions of the functions, 'mt_srand' and 'mt_rand',) +comment(// which are described as faster, and more 'random', though key to obtaining a) +comment(// more 'random' distribution of generated numbers seems to be through using) +comment(// a combination of a previously saved random value in combination with an) +comment(// unrepeatable value [like the current time in microseconds] that is multiplied) +comment(// by a large prime number, or perhaps as part of a hash [examples available in) +comment(// PHP documentation for 'srand' and 'mt_srand']) + +ident(mt_srand)operator(()local_variable($saved_random_value) operator(+) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(*) integer(1000003)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or) + +ident(mt_srand)operator(()operator(()local_variable($saved_random_value) operator(+) ident(hexdec)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()ident(md5)operator(()ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) integer(-8)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(&) integer(0x7)ident(fffffff)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Use of 'mt_rand' together with an appropriate seeding approach should help better) +comment(// approximate the generation of a 'truly random value') +local_variable($truly_random_value) operator(=) ident(mt_rand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.10) +pre_type(function) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(/) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) ident(getrandmax)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(gaussian_rand)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($u1) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($u2) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($g1) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($g2) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($w) operator(=) integer(0)float(.0)operator(;) + + reserved(do) + operator({) + local_variable($u1) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($u2) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(random)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)float(.0)operator(;) + local_variable($w) operator(=) local_variable($u1) operator(*) local_variable($u1) operator(+) local_variable($u2) operator(*) local_variable($u2)operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(while) operator(()local_variable($w) operator(>) integer(1)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($w) operator(=) ident(sqrt)operator(()operator(()integer(-2)float(.0) operator(*) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($w)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(/) local_variable($w)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($g2) operator(=) local_variable($u1) operator(*) local_variable($w)operator(;) local_variable($g1) operator(=) local_variable($u2) operator(*) local_variable($w)operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($g1)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($mean) operator(=) integer(25)float(.0)operator(;) local_variable($sdev) operator(=) integer(2)float(.0)operator(;) +local_variable($salary) operator(=) ident(gaussian_rand)operator(()operator(\)) operator(*) local_variable($mean) operator(+) local_variable($sdev)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(You have been hired at: %.2f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.11) +comment(// 'deg2rad' and 'rad2deg' are actually PHP built-ins, but here is how you might implement) +operator(/) ident(them) reserved(if) ident(needed) +pre_type(function) ident(deg2rad_)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()local_variable($deg) operator(/) integer(180)float(.0)operator(\)) operator(*) constant(M_PI)operator(;) operator(}) +pre_type(function) ident(rad2deg_)operator(()local_variable($rad)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) operator(()local_variable($rad) operator(/) constant(M_PI)operator(\)) operator(*) integer(180)float(.0)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(deg2rad_)operator(()integer(180)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(deg2rad)operator(()integer(180)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(degree_sin)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(sin)operator(()ident(deg2rad)operator(()local_variable($deg)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($rad) operator(=) ident(deg2rad)operator(()integer(380)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(sin)operator(()local_variable($rad)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(degree_sin)operator(()integer(380)float(.0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.12) +pre_type(function) ident(my_tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(sin)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(cos)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($theta) operator(=) integer(3)float(.7)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(my_tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(tan)operator(()local_variable($theta)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.13) +local_variable($value) operator(=) integer(100)float(.0)operator(;) + +local_variable($log_e) operator(=) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($log_10) operator(=) ident(log10)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(log_base)operator(()local_variable($base)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator(/) ident(log)operator(()local_variable($base)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($answer) operator(=) ident(log_base)operator(()integer(10)float(.0)operator(,) integer(10000)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(log(10, 10,000\) = %f)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($answer)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.14) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for matrices. However, a 'Math_Matrix' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Matrix].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Math/Matrix.php'\);) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Matrix)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(9)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Matrix)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(4)operator(,) integer(7)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(9)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(8)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($a)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($b)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// NOTE: When I installed this package I had to rename the 'clone' method else) +comment(// it would not load, so I chose to rename it to 'clone_', and this usage is) +comment(// shown below. This bug may well be fixed by the time you obtain this package) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) local_variable($a)operator(->)ident(clone_)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(multiply)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.15) +comment(// PHP offers no native support for complex numbers. However, a 'Math_Complex' class) +comment(// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Complex].) +comment(// Note the following 'include' directives are required:) +comment(//) +comment(// include_once('Math/Complex.php'\);) +comment(// include_once('Math/TrigOp.php'\);) +comment(// include_once('Math/ComplexOp.php'\);) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) constant(Math_ComplexOp)operator(::)ident(mult)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($c)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($d) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Math_Complex)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($r) operator(=) constant(Math_ComplexOp)operator(::)ident(sqrt)operator(()local_variable($d)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($r)operator(->)ident(toString)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.16) +comment(// Like C, PHP supports decimal-alternate notations. Thus, for example, the integer) +comment(// value, 867, is expressable in literal form as:) +comment(//) +comment(// Hexadecimal -> 0x363) +comment(// Octal -> 01543) +comment(//) +comment(// For effecting such conversions using strings there is 'sprintf' and 'sscanf'.) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(867)operator(;) +local_variable($hex) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%x)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($oct) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(')string(%o)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +local_variable($hex) operator(=) delimiter(')string(363)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($hex)operator(,) delimiter(')string(%x)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dec) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) +local_variable($oct) operator(=) delimiter(')string(1543)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(sscanf)operator(()local_variable($oct)operator(,) delimiter(')string(%o)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dec)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($number) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(')string(Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sscanf)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(%D)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %x %o)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(,) local_variable($number)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.17) +comment(// PHP offers the 'number_format' built-in function to, among many other format tasks, ) +comment(// commify numbers. Perl-compatible [as well as extended] regexes are also available) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) ident(number_format)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($hits) operator(=) integer(3456789)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Your website received %s accesses last month)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($hits)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(strrev)operator(()ident(preg_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d)string(\\)string(d)string(\\)string(d\)(?=)string(\\)string(d\)(?!)string(\\)string(d*)string(\\)string(.\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(${1},)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(strrev)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($hits) operator(=) integer(3456789)operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(commify)operator(()ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Your website received %d accesses last month)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($hits)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.18) +pre_type(function) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($root)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(=)delimiter(')delimiter(') operator(,) local_variable($plural)operator(=)delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) local_variable($root) operator(.) operator(()operator(()local_variable($value) operator(>) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($plural) operator(:) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($duration) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(It took %d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %s %s enough.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(are)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($duration) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(It took %d %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%d %s %s enough.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($duration)operator(,) ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hour)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(pluralise)operator(()local_variable($duration)operator(,) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(is)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(are)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(plural)operator(()local_variable($singular)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($s2p) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/ss$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(sses)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/([psc]h\)$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(${1}es)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/z$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(zes)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(/ff$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ffs)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/f$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ves)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/ey$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(eys)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(/y$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ies)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/ix$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(ices)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/([sx]\)$/)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string($1es)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string($)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($s2p) reserved(as) local_variable($s) operator(=>) local_variable($p)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) ident(preg_replace)operator(()local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($p)operator(,) local_variable($singular)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(mess)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(index)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(leaf)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(puppy)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($word)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%6s -> %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($word)operator(,) ident(plural)operator(()local_variable($word)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_2.19) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.0) +comment(// PHP's date / time suport is quite extensive, and appears grouped into three areas of) +comment(// functionality:) +comment(//) +comment(// * UNIX / C Library [libc]-based routines, which include [among others]:) +comment(// - localtime, gmtime) +comment(// - strftime, strptime, mktime) +comment(// - time, getdate, gettimeofday, ) +comment(//) +comment(// * PHP 'native' functions, those date / time routines released in earlier versions,) +comment(// and which otherwise provide 'convenience' functionality; these include:) +comment(// - date) +comment(// - strtotime) +comment(//) +comment(// * 'DateTime' class-based. This facility appears [according to the PHP documentation]) +comment(// to be extremely new / experimental, so whilst usage examples will be provided, they) +comment(// should not be taken to be 'official' examples, and obviously, subject to change.) +comment(// My own impression is that this facility is currently only partially implemented,) +comment(// so there is limited use for these functions. The functions included in this group) +comment(// are some of the 'date_'-prefixed functions; they are, however, not used standalone,) +comment(// but as methods in conjunction with an object. Typical usage:) +comment(//) +comment(// $today = new DateTime(\); // actually calls: date_create($today, ...\);) +comment(// echo $today->format('U'\) . "\\n"; // actually calls: date_format($today, ...\);) +comment(//) +comment(// Also worth mentioning is the PEAR [PHP Extension and Repository] package, 'Calendar',) +comment(// which offers a rich set of date / time manipulation facilities. However, since it is) +comment(// not currently shipped with PHP, no examples appear) + +comment(// Helper functions for performing date arithmetic ) + +pre_type(function) ident(dateOffset)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($tbl) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sec)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(min)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(60)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hou)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3600)operator(,) delimiter(')string(day)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(86400)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wee)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(604800)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($delta) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($kv) operator(=) ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(')string(=)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($delta) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($kv)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(*) local_variable($tbl)operator([)ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($kv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(])operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($delta)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(dateInterval)operator(()local_variable($intvltype)operator(,) local_variable($timevalue)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($tbl) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sec)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(min)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(60)operator(,) delimiter(')string(hou)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3600)operator(,) delimiter(')string(day)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(86400)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wee)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(604800)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($timevalue) operator(/) local_variable($tbl)operator([)ident(strtolower)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($intvltype)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Extract indexed array from 'getdate') +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract indexed, and associative arrays, respectively, from 'localtime') +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)integer(7)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()ident(time)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Today is day %d of the current year)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.1) +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(-)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mon)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(year)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Either do this to use interpolation:) +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($year)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($month)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($day)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// or simply concatenate:) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Current date is: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($year) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($month) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($day) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(localtime)operator(()ident(time)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_year)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1900)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Current date is: %4d%s%2d%s%2d)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($format) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Y)delimiter(') operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) delimiter(')string(n)delimiter(') operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()local_variable($format)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($today)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(")string(%Y)local_variable($sep)string(%m)local_variable($sep)string(%d)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Current date is: )operator({)local_variable($today)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.2) +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hour)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(gmmktime)operator(()local_variable($hour)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.3) +local_variable($dmyhms) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) comment(// timestamp: current date / time) + +local_variable($dmyhms) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()local_variable($timestamp)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// timestamp: arbitrary) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(mon)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(year)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($hours) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(hours)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($minutes) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(minutes)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($seconds) operator(=) local_variable($dmyhms)operator([)delimiter(')string(seconds)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.4) +comment(// Date arithmetic is probably most easily performed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch) +comment(// Seconds]. Dates - in whatever form - are converted to timestamps, these are) +comment(// arithmetically manipulated, and the result converted to whatever form required.) +comment(// Note: use 'mktime' to create timestamps properly adjusted for daylight saving; whilst) +comment(// 'strtotime' is more convenient to use, it does not, AFAIK, include this adjustment) + +local_variable($when) operator(=) local_variable($now) operator(+) local_variable($difference)operator(;) +local_variable($then) operator(=) local_variable($now) operator(-) local_variable($difference)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($now) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(2003)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($diff1) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(day=1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($diff2) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(weeks=2)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Today is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(One day in the future is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now) operator(+) local_variable($diff1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Two weeks in the past is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y-m-d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($now) operator(-) local_variable($diff2)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Date arithmetic performed using a custom function, 'dateOffset'. Internally, offset may) +comment(// be computed in one of several ways:) +comment(// * Direct timestamp manipulation - fastest, but no daylight saving adjustment ) +comment(// * Via 'date' built-in function - slower [?], needs a base time from which to) +comment(// compute values, but has daylight saving adjustment ) +comment(// * Via 'strtotime' built-in function - as for 'date') +comment(// * Via 'DateTime' class) +comment(//) +comment(// Approach used here is to utilise direct timestamp manipulation in 'dateOffset' [it's) +comment(// performance can also be improved by replacing $tbl with a global definition etc],) +comment(// and to illustrate how the other approaches might be used ) + +comment(// 1. 'dateOffset') + +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($interval) operator(=) ident(dateOffset)operator(()delimiter(')string(day=55)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(hours=2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(min=17)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(sec=5)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($then) operator(=) local_variable($birthtime) operator(+) local_variable($interval)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 2. 'date') + +comment(// Base values, and offsets, respectively) +local_variable($hr) operator(=) integer(3)operator(;) local_variable($min) operator(=) integer(45)operator(;) local_variable($sec) operator(=) integer(50)operator(;) local_variable($mon) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) local_variable($day) operator(=) integer(18)operator(;) local_variable($year) operator(=) integer(1973)operator(;) + +local_variable($yroff) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($monoff) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($dayoff) operator(=) integer(55)operator(;) local_variable($hroff) operator(=) integer(2)operator(;) local_variable($minoff) operator(=) integer(17)operator(;) local_variable($secoff) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) + +comment(// Base date) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hr)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($mon)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($year) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($yroff)operator(;) +local_variable($mon) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($monoff)operator(;) +local_variable($day) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($dayoff)operator(;) + +local_variable($hr) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(H)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($hroff)operator(;) +local_variable($min) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(i)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($minoff)operator(;) +local_variable($sec) operator(=) ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\)) operator(+) local_variable($secoff)operator(;) + +comment(// Offset date) +local_variable($then) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($hr)operator(,) local_variable($min)operator(,) local_variable($sec)operator(,) local_variable($mon)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 3. 'strtotime') + +comment(// Generate timestamp whatever way is preferable) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($then) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(\))operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 4. 'DateTime' class) + +local_variable($birthtime) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(DateTime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($then) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(DateTime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1/18/1973 03:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($then)operator(->)ident(modify)operator(()delimiter(')string(+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Birthtime is: %s)char(\\n)string(then is: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($birthtime)operator(->)ident(format)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($then)operator(->)ident(format)operator(()constant(DATE_RFC1123)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.5) +comment(// Date intervals are most easily computed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch) +comment(// Seconds] which, of course, gives the interval result is seconds from which) +comment(// all other interval measures [days, weeks, months, years] may be derived.) +comment(// Refer to previous section for discussion of daylight saving and other related) +comment(// problems) + +local_variable($interval_seconds) operator(=) local_variable($recent) operator(-) local_variable($earlier)operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Conventional approach ...) +local_variable($bree) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(16 Jun 1981, 4:35:25)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($nat) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... or, with daylight saving adjustment) +local_variable($bree) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(4)operator(,) integer(35)operator(,) integer(25)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(16)operator(,) integer(1981)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($nat) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(1973)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($difference) operator(=) local_variable($bree) operator(-) local_variable($nat)operator(;) + +comment(// 'dateInterval' custom function computes intervals in several measures given an) +comment(// interval in seconds. Note, 'month' and 'year' measures not provided) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d seconds between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d weeks between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(weeks)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d days between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d hours between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(hours)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(There were %d minutes between Nat and Bree)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dateInterval)operator(()delimiter(')string(mins)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($difference)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.6) +comment(// 'getdate' accepts a timestamp [or implicitly calls 'time'] and returns an array of) +comment(// date components. It returns much the same information as 'strptime' except that) +comment(// the component names are different) + +local_variable($today) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weekday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(wday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($monthday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($yearday) operator(=) local_variable($today)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($yearday) operator(/) integer(7)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Safter method of obtaining week number) +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%U)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($day) operator(=) integer(16)operator(;) +local_variable($month) operator(=) integer(6)operator(;) +local_variable($year) operator(=) integer(1981)operator(;) + +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($month)operator(,) local_variable($day)operator(,) local_variable($year)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($date) operator(=) ident(getdate)operator(()local_variable($timestamp)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weekday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(wday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($monthday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($yearday) operator(=) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(yday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) ident(round)operator(()local_variable($yearday) operator(/) integer(7)float(.0)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($weeknumber) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%U)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($timestamp)operator(\)) operator(+) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// Interpolate ...) +local_variable($sep) operator(=) constant(SEP)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($month)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($day)operator(})operator({)local_variable($sep)operator(})operator({)local_variable($year)operator(})string( was a )operator({)local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(weekday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})string( in week )operator({)local_variable($weeknumber)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ... or, concatenate) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($month) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($day) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($year) operator(.) delimiter(')string( was a )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($date)operator([)delimiter(')string(weekday)delimiter(')operator(]) + operator(.) delimiter(')string( in week )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($weeknumber) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.7) +comment(// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression by attempting a 'best guess' at) +comment(// the format, and either fails, or generates a timestamp. Timestamp could be fed) +comment(// into any one of the various functions; example:) +local_variable($timestamp) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) pre_type(echo) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($timestamp)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// 'strptime' parses a textual date expression according to a specified format,) +comment(// and returns an array of date components; components can be easily dumped) +ident(print_r)operator(()ident(strptime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Parse date string according to format) +local_variable($darr) operator(=) ident(strptime)operator(()delimiter(')string(1998-06-03)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(%Y-%m-%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Show date components in 'debug' form) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Check whether there was a parse error i.e. one or more components could not) + comment(// be extracted from the string) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(empty)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(unparsed)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Properly parsed date, so validate required components using, 'checkdate') + reserved(if) operator(()ident(checkdate)operator(()local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1)operator(,) local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_mday)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(tm_year)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(1900)operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Parsed date verified as correct)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Parsed date failed verification)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Date string parse not complete; failed components: )operator({)local_variable($darr)operator([)delimiter(')string(unparsed)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Date string could not be parsed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.8) +comment(// 'date' and 'strftime' both print a date string based on:) +comment(// * Format String, describing layout of date components) +comment(// * Timestamp [*NIX Epoch Seconds], either given explicitly, or implictly) +comment(// via a call to 'time' which retrieves current time value) + +local_variable($ts) operator(=) integer(1234567890)operator(;) + +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($ts)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($h)operator(,) local_variable($m)operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($mth)operator(,) local_variable($d)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(,) local_variable($is_dst)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(date)operator(()delimiter(')string(Y/m/d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// same as: date('Y/m/d', time(\)\);) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ts) operator(=) integer(1234567890)operator(;) + +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($ts)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()local_variable($h)operator(,) local_variable($m)operator(,) local_variable($s)operator(,) local_variable($mth)operator(,) local_variable($d)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(,) local_variable($is_dst)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%Y/%m/%d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// same as: strftime('%Y/%m/%d', time(\)\);) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'mktime' creates a local time timestamp) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// 'gmmktime' creates a GMT time timestamp) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(gmmktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression, and generates a timestamp ) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%A %D)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// This should generate output identical to previous example) +local_variable($t) operator(=) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%A %D)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(mktime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(45)operator(,) integer(50)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(18)operator(,) integer(73)operator(,) constant(TRUE)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($t)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.9) +comment(// PHP 5 and above can use the built-in, 'microtime'. Crude implementation for ealier versions:) +comment(// function microtime(\) { $t = gettimeofday(\); return (float\) ($t['sec'] + $t['usec'] / 1000000.0\); } ) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($before) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($elapsed) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($before)operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(You took %.3f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($elapsed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(,) integer(100)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(define)operator(()constant(SIZE)operator(,) integer(500)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($j) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($j) operator(<) constant(SIZE)operator(;) local_variable($j)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($arr)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($begin) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($elapsed) operator(=) ident(microtime)operator(()operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($begin)operator(;) + + local_variable($total_time) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($elapsed)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) constant(SIZE)operator(,) local_variable($total_time) operator(/) operator(()ident(float)operator(\)) constant(NUMBER_OF_TIMES)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.10) +comment(// Low-resolution: sleep time specified in seconds) +ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// High-resolution: sleep time specified in microseconds [not reliable under Windows]) +ident(usleep)operator(()integer(250000)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_3.11) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.0) +comment(// Nested arrays are supported, and may be easily printed using 'print_r') + +local_variable($nested) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(this)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(that)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(the)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(other)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($nested) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(this)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(that)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(the)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(other)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($nested)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($tune) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(The)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Star-Spangled)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banner)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.1) +comment(// PHP offers only the 'array' type which is actually an associative array, though) +comment(// may be numerically indexed, to mimic vectors and matrices; there is no separate) +comment(// 'list' type) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(quick)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(brown)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(fox)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()delimiter(')string(Why are you teasing me?)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($lines) operator(=) delimiter(<<<END_OF_HERE_DOC) + constant(The) ident(boy) ident(stood) ident(on) ident(the) ident(burning) ident(deck)operator(,) + ident(it) ident(was) reserved(as) ident(hot) reserved(as) ident(glass)operator(.) +constant(END_OF_HERE_DOC)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($bigarray) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(rtrim)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(file)operator(()delimiter(')string(mydatafile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(')string(The mines of Moria)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()delimiter(')string(The mines of Moria)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Gandalf)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(")string(Speak )operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string(, and enter!)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Speak )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and welcome!)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($his_host) operator(=) delimiter(')string(www.perl.com)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($host_info) operator(=) error(`)ident(nslookup) local_variable($his_host)error(`)operator(;) + +local_variable($cmd) operator(=) delimiter(')string(ps )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(posix_getpid)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($perl_info) operator(=) error(`)local_variable($cmd)error(`)operator(;) + +local_variable($shell_info) operator(=) error(`)ident(ps) error($)error($)error(`)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Costs)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(only)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string($4.95)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($banner) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(escapeshellarg)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Costs only $4.95)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// AFAIK PHP doesn't support non-quoted strings ala Perl's 'q', 'qq' and 'qw', so arrays) +comment(// created from strings must use quoted strings, and make use of 'split' [or equivalent].) +comment(// A slew of functions exist for performing string quoting, including 'escapeshellarg',) +comment(// 'quotemeta', and 'preg_quote') + +local_variable($brax) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(( \) < > { } [ ])delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do this to quote each element within '..') +comment(// $brax = array_map('escapeshellarg', split(' ', '( \) < > { } [ ]'\)\);) + +local_variable($rings) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Nenya Narya Vilya)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($tags) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(LI TABLE TR TD A IMG H1 P)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sample) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(The vertical bar | looks and behaves like a pipe.)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.2) +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($n) operator(=) ident(str_word_count)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($series) operator(=) ident(str_word_count)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(NULL)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($series)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string(, )delimiter(')operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($series)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string(, and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($series)operator([)local_variable($n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red yellow)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(commify_series)operator(()delimiter(')string(red yellow green)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($mylist) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red yellow green)delimiter(')operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(I have )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($mylist)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( marbles.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($n) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($sepchar) operator(=) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($str)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strpos)operator(()local_variable($str)operator(,) delimiter(')string(,)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($sepchar) operator(=) delimiter(')string(;)delimiter(')operator(;) reserved(break)operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(NULL)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(1)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($n) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) reserved(return) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string( and )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sepchar)operator(})string( )delimiter(")operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sepchar)operator(})string( and )delimiter(") operator(.) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($n) operator(-) integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($lists) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(just one thing)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mutt Jeff)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Peter Paul Mary)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(To our parents)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mother Theresa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(God)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pastrami)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ham and cheese)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(peanut butter and jelly)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(tuna)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(recycle tired, old phrases)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ponder big, happy thoughts)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(sleep and dream peacefully)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($lists) reserved(as) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The list is: )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(commify_series)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string(.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.3) +comment(// AFAICT you cannot grow / shrink an array to an arbitrary size. However, you can:) +comment(// * Grow an array by appending an element using subscrip notation, or using) +comment(// either 'array_unshift' or 'array_push' to add one or more elements) + +local_variable($arr)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(;) +ident(array_unshift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(two)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(three)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) delimiter(')string(one)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(two)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(three)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// * Shrink an array by using 'unset' to remove one or more specific elements, or) +comment(// either 'array_shift' or 'array_pop' to remove an element from the ends) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx2)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($idx3)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($people)operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The array now has )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")string( elements)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(The index value of the last element is )delimiter(') operator(.) operator(()ident(count)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Element #3 is )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($people)operator([)integer(3)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($people) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Crosby)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Stills)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Nash)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Young)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($people)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(what_about_the_array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Cannot, AFAICT, resize the array to an arbitrary size) + +comment(# @@PLEAC@@_4.4) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// do something with $item) +operator(}) + +comment(// Environment listing example) + +comment(// PHP defines a superglobal $_ENV to provide access to environment) +comment(// variables.) + +comment(// Beware, array assignment means copying in PHP. You need to use) +comment(// the reference operator to avoid copying. But we want a copy here.) +local_variable($env) operator(=) local_variable($_ENV)operator(;) + +comment(// PHP can sort an array by key, so you don't need to get keys,) +comment(// and then sort.) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($env)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($env) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string(=)operator({)local_variable($value)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Literal translation of Perl example would be:) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($_ENV)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($keys) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string(=)operator({)local_variable($_ENV)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// This assumes that MAX_QUOTA is a named constant.) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($all_users) reserved(as) local_variable($user)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($disk_space) operator(=) ident(get_usage)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($disk_space) operator(>) constant(MAX_QUOTA)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(complain)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// You can't modify array's elements in-place.) +local_variable($array) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($newarray) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newarray)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($newarray)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Before PHP 5, that is. You can precede the reference operator) +comment(// before $item to get reference instead of copy.) +local_variable($array) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($item)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($item)operator(--)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// TODO: explain the old each(\) and list(\) iteration construct.) +comment(// foreach is new in PHP 4, and there are subtle differences.) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.5) +comment(// Conventional 'read-only' access) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Can access, but not update, array element referred to by '$item') +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// '&' makes '$item' a reference) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Update array element referred to by '$item') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arraylen) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($arraylen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// '$array' is updateable via subscript notation) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($fruits) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Raspberry)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($fruits) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($fruit)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($fruit)operator(})string( tastes good in a pie.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($fruitlen) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($fruits)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($fruitlen)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($fruits)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(})string( tastes good in a pie.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($rogue_cats) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Blackie)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Goldie)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Silkie)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Take care to assign reference to '$rogue_cats' array via '=&') +local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=)operator(&) local_variable($rogue_cats)operator(;) + +comment(// Take care to make '$cat' a reference via '&$' to allow updating) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($cat) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')string( [meow])delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Via array reference) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($namelist)operator([)delimiter(')string(felines)delimiter(')operator(]) reserved(as) local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($cat)operator(})string( purrs hypnotically.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(---)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// Original array) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($rogue_cats) reserved(as) local_variable($cat)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($cat)operator(})string( purrs hypnotically.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.6) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_unique' function to perform this task. It works with both keyed,) +comment(// and numerically-indexed arrays; keys / indexes are preserved; use of 'array_values' ) +comment(// is recommended to reindex numerically-indexed arrays since there will likely be missing) +comment(// indexes) + +comment(// Remove duplicate values) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_unique)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove duplicates, and reindex [for numerically-indexed arrays only]) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_unique)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or use:) +local_variable($unique) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Selected Perl 'seen' examples) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + local_variable($unique)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) operator(()operator(++)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($unique)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Do something with '$item') +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($list) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(|)operator(|) operator(()operator(++)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(&)operator(&) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($item)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($user_entry)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($user) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($user_entry)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($ucnt)operator([)local_variable($user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(])operator(++)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ucnt)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(users logged in:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ucnt) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($cnt)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\t)operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($cnt)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.7) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_diff' and 'array_diff_assoc' functions to perform this task. Same) +comment(// points as made about 'array_unique' apply here also) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(e)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [3] 'd') +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [3] 'e') + +comment(// Numerically-indexed array, reindexed) +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [0] 'd') +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $diff -> [0] 'e') + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 1st Perl 'seen' example only) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(k1)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(11)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k2)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(12)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k4)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(14)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(k1)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(11)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k2)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(12)operator(,) delimiter(')string(k3)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($b) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Stores key only e.g. $aonly[0] contains 'k4', same as Perl example) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($a) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\)) local_variable($aonly)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Stores key and value e.g. $aonly['k4'] contains 14, same entry as in $a) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($a) reserved(as) local_variable($item) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(])operator(\)) local_variable($aonly)operator([)local_variable($item)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Conventional way: $hash = array('key1' => 1, 'key2' => 2\);) + +local_variable($hash)operator([)delimiter(')string(key1)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) +local_variable($hash)operator([)delimiter(')string(key2)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(2)operator(;) + +local_variable($hash) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(key1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(key2)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(,) ident(array_fill)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.8) +comment(// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions:) +comment(// * union: array_unique(array_merge(...\)\)) +comment(// * intersection: array_intersect and family) +comment(// * difference: array_diff and family) +comment(// which may be used for this type of task. Also, if returned arrays need to be) +comment(// reindexed, 'array_slice($array, 0\)', or 'array_values($array\)' are useful) + +local_variable($a) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($union) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_unique)operator(()ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) +local_variable($isect) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_intersect)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 3, 5, 7) +local_variable($diff) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 1, 8) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.9) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function to perform this task. Duplicate values are retained,) +comment(// but if arrays are numerically-indexed, resulting array is reindexed) + +local_variable($arr1) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(d)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($arr2) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(e)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($new) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(,) local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// $new -> 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd') + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Time)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Flies)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($initiates) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(An)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Arrow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) local_variable($initiates)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($members) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Time)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Flies)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($initiates) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(An)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Arrow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'array_splice' is the PHP equivalent to Perl's 'splice') +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) ident(array_merge)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Like)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($initiates)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($members)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Fruit)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_splice)operator(()local_variable($members)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(A)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($members)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.10) +local_variable($reversed) operator(=) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with '$item' ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(>=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(--)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with '$array[$i]' ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($array) operator(=) ident(array_reverse)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(rsort)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.11) +comment(// Array elements can be deleted using 'unset'; removing several elements would require applying) +comment(// 'unset' several times, probably in a loop. However, they would most likely also need to be) +comment(// reindexed, so a better approach would be to use 'array_slice' which avoids explicit looping.) +comment(// Where elements need to be removed, and those elements also returned, it is probably best to) +comment(// combine both operations in a function. This is the approach taken here in implementing both) +comment(// 'shiftN' and 'popN', and it is these functions that are used in the examples) + +pre_type(function) ident(popN)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) operator(-)operator(()local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(-) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(shiftN)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($arr) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Remove $n elements from the front of $array; return them in $fron) +local_variable($front) operator(=) ident(shiftN)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove $n elements from the end of $array; return them in $end) +local_variable($end) operator(=) ident(popN)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) local_variable($n)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($friends) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Peter)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Paul)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mary)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jim)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Tim)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($this_)operator(,) local_variable($that)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(shiftN)operator(()local_variable($friends)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($this_)operator(})string( )operator({)local_variable($that)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($beverages) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Dew)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jolt)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Cola)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Sprite)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Fresca)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($pair) operator(=) ident(popN)operator(()local_variable($beverages)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($pair)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.12) +comment(// This section illustrates various 'find first' techniques. The Perl examples all use an) +comment(// explicit loop and condition testing [also repeated here]. This is the simplest, and) +comment(// [potentially] most efficient approach because the search can be terminated as soon as a) +comment(// match is found. However, it is worth mentioning a few alternatives:) +comment(// * 'array_search' performs a 'find first' using the element value rather than a condition) +comment(// check, so isn't really applicable here) +comment(// * 'array_filter', whilst using a condition check, actually performs a 'find all', though) +comment(// all but the first returned element can be discarded. This approach is actually less error) +comment(// prone than using a loop, but the disadvantage is that each element is visited: there is no) +comment(// means of terminating the search once a match has been found. It would be nice if this) +comment(// function were to have a third parameter, a Boolean flag indicating whether to traverse) +comment(// the whole array, or quit after first match [next version, maybe :\) ?]) + +local_variable($found) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($item)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Not found - skip to next item) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($criterion)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Found - save and leave) + local_variable($match) operator(=) local_variable($item)operator(;) + local_variable($found) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(break)operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($found)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// do something with $match) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// not found) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(predicate)operator(()local_variable($element)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(criterion)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($match) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($array)operator(,) delimiter(')string(predicate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($match)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// do something with $match[0]) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// $match is empty - not found) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(,) local_variable($category)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(category) operator(=) local_variable($category)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Programmer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(highest_salaried_engineer)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($highest_salary) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(category) operator(==) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(>) local_variable($highest_salary)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($highest_salary) operator(=) local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary)operator(;) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($employee)operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 'array_update' custom function is modelled on 'array_reduce' except that it allows the) +comment(// return of an array, contents and length of which are entirely dependant on what the) +comment(// callback function does. Here, it is logically working in a 'find first' capacity) +local_variable($highest_salaried_engineer) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) delimiter(')string(highest_salaried_engineer)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Highest paid engineer is: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($highest_salaried_engineer)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(->)ident(name) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.13) +comment(// PHP implements 'grep' functionality [as embodied in the current section] in the 'array_filter') +comment(// function) + +pre_type(function) ident(predicate)operator(()local_variable($element)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(criterion)operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($matching) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($list)operator(,) delimiter(')string(predicate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($bigs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($n)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $n > 1000000;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(is_pig)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($user_details) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(s\)+/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($user)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// Assuming field 5 is the resource being compared) + reserved(return) local_variable($user_details)operator([)integer(5)operator(]) operator(>) integer(1)ident(e7)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($pigs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who) operator(-)ident(u)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(is_pig)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($matching) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($user)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return preg_match()char(\\')string(/^gnat /)char(\\')string(, $user\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(,) local_variable($category)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(category) operator(=) local_variable($category)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Programmer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Engineer)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($engineers) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($employee)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $employee->category == "Engineer";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.14) +comment(// PHP offers a rich set of sorting functions. Key features:) +comment(// * Inplace sorts; the original array, not a a copy, is sorted) +comment(// * Separate functions exist for sorting [both ascending and descending order]:) +comment(// - By value, assign new keys / indices [sort, rsort]) +comment(// - By key [ksort, krsort] (for non-numerically indexed arrays\)) +comment(// - By value [asort, arsort]) +comment(// - As above, but using a user-defined comparator [i.e. callback function]) +comment(// [usort, uasort, uksort]) +comment(// - Natural order sort [natsort]) +comment(// * Significantly, if sorting digit-only elements, whether strings or numbers,) +comment(// 'natural order' [i.e. 1 before 10 before 100 (ascending\)] is retained. If) +comment(// the elements are alphanumeric e.g. 'z1', 'z10' then 'natsort' should be) +comment(// used [note: beware of 'natsort' with negative numbers; prefer 'sort' or 'asort']) + +local_variable($unsorted) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(7)operator(,) integer(12)operator(,) integer(-13)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(100)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(-2)operator(,) integer(23)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(rsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(asort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(arsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(natsort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -2, -13, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(ascend)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(>) local_variable($right)operator(;) operator(}) +pre_type(function) ident(descend)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(<) local_variable($right)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ascend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(descend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +ident(uasort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ascend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100) +ident(uasort)operator(()local_variable($unsorted)operator(,) delimiter(')string(descend)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(kill_process)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Is 'killable' ?) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return)operator(;) + + comment(// Ok, so kill in two stages) + ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(15)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// SIGTERM) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// SIGKILL) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(pid)operator(()local_variable($pentry)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($p) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($pentry)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($p)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($processes) operator(=) ident(array_map)operator(()delimiter(')string(pid)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(ps) ident(ax)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($processes)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( ,)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($processes)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Enter a pid to kill: )delimiter(')operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + ident(kill_process)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.15) +comment(// Tasks in this section would typically use the PHP 'usort' family of functions) +comment(// which are used with a comparator function so as to perform custom comparisions.) +comment(// A significant difference from the Perl examples is that these functions are) +comment(// inplace sorters, so it is the original array that is modified. Where this must) +comment(// be prevented a copy of the array can be made and sorted) + +pre_type(function) ident(comparator)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Compare '$left' with '$right' returning result) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($unordered)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($ordered)operator(,) delimiter(')string(comparator)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// The Perl example looks like it is creating a hash using computed values as the key,) +comment(// array values as the value, sorting on the computed key, then extracting the sorted) +comment(// values and placing them back into an array) + +pre_type(function) ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Return computed value utilising '$value') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used]) +local_variable($unordered) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create hash using 'compute' function to generate the keys. This example assumes that) +comment(// each value in the '$unordered' array is used in generating the corresponding '$key') +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($unordered) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($precomputed)operator([)ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Copy the hash, and sort it by key) +local_variable($ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($precomputed)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed) +comment(// array) +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// As above, except uses 'array_update' and 'accum' to help create hash) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(compute)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// Return computed value utilising '$value') +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used]) +local_variable($unordered) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(6)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create hash) +local_variable($precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($unordered)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Copy the hash, and sort it by key) +local_variable($ordered_precomputed) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($precomputed)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed) +comment(// array) +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($ordered_precomputed)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(Employee) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($ssn)operator(,) local_variable($salary)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(name) operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(age) operator(=) local_variable($age)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(ssn) operator(=) local_variable($ssn)operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(salary) operator(=) local_variable($salary)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($employees) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(() + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(27)operator(,) integer(12345)operator(,) integer(47000)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(32)operator(,) integer(12376)operator(,) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(Employee)operator(()delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(31)operator(,) integer(12355)operator(,) integer(45000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ordered) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($ordered)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sorted_employees) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($bonus) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(12376) operator(=>) integer(5000)operator(,) integer(12345) operator(=>) integer(6000)operator(,) integer(12355) operator(=>) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees) reserved(as) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(name)operator(})string( earns )string(\\)string($)operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(salary)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($sorted_employees) reserved(as) local_variable($employee)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($amount) operator(=) local_variable($bonus)operator([)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(ssn)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($employee)operator(->)ident(name)operator(})string( got a bonus of: )string(\\)string($)operator({)local_variable($amount)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($employees)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left->name > $right->name || $left->age != $right->age;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP offers a swag of POSIX functions for obtaining user information [i.e. they all read) +comment(// the '/etc/passwd' file for the relevant infroamtion], and it is these that should rightly) +comment(// be used for this purpose. However, since the intent of this section is to illustrate array) +comment(// manipulation, these functions won't be used. Instead a custom function mimicing Perl's) +comment(// 'getpwent' function will be implemented so the code presented here can more faithfully match) +comment(// the Perl code) + +pre_type(function) ident(get_pw_entries)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(function) ident(normal_users_only)operator(()local_variable($e)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($e)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($entry)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(>) integer(100) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($entry)operator([)integer(2)operator(]) operator(<) integer(32768)operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(file)operator(()delimiter(')string(/etc/passwd)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(normal_users_only)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) + local_variable($users)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(trim)operator(()local_variable($entry)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($users)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($users) operator(=) ident(get_pw_entries)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($users)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left[0] > $right[0];)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($users) reserved(as) local_variable($user)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($names) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(sdf)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ajb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(dgh)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($names)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return substr($left, 1, 1\) > substr($right, 1, 1\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($strings) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(bbb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(aa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($strings)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(usort)operator(()local_variable($sorted)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return strlen($left\) > strlen($right\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(\))operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($strings) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(bbb)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(aa)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($temp) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($strings)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($sorted) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/()string(\\)string(d+\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($fields) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(b1b2b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a4a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(c9)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(ddd)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($temp) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($fields)operator(,) delimiter(')string(accum)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($sorted_fields) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($temp)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.16) +ident(array_unshift)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(,) ident(array_pop)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// last -> first) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(,) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($a1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// first -> last) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($item) operator(=) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) ident(array_shift)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($item)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($processes) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($process) operator(=) ident(grab_and_rotate)operator(()local_variable($processes)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Handling process )operator({)local_variable($process)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.17) +comment(// PHP offers the 'shuffle' function to perform this task) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Perl example equivalents) +pre_type(function) ident(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($a)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($size) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(;) + + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) local_variable($size)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(>=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(--)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($i)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!=) local_variable($i)operator(\)) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(naive_shuffle)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($a)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($size) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($size)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($j) operator(=) ident(rand)operator(()integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($size) operator(-) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($j)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($a)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(,) integer(5)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(fisher_yates_shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +ident(naive_shuffle)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.18) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_4.19) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.0) +comment(// PHP uses the term 'array' to refer to associative arrays - referred to in Perl) +comment(// as 'hashes' - and for the sake of avoiding confusion, the Perl terminology will) +comment(// be used. As a matter of interest, PHP does not sport a vector, matrix, or list) +comment(// type: the 'array' [Perl 'hash'] serves all these roles) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(24)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(25)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(17)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(24)operator(;) +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(25)operator(;) +local_variable($age)operator([)delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) integer(17)operator(;) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Nat)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jules)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Josh)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(24)operator(,) integer(25)operator(,) integer(17)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.1) +local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Raspberry)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')string(pink)delimiter(')operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Known foods:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.2) +comment(// Returns TRUE on all existing entries with non-NULL values) +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator(;) comment(// entry exists ) +reserved(else) + operator(;) comment(// no such entry ) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Returns TRUE on all existing entries regardless of attached value) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator(;) comment(// entry exists ) +reserved(else) + operator(;) comment(// no such entry ) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Martini)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($name)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string( is a food.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})string( is a drink.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($age) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Toddler)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(3)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Unborn)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(0)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Phantasm)delimiter(') operator(=>) constant(NULL)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Toddler)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Unborn)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Phantasm)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Relic)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($thing)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($thing)operator(})string(:)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($thing)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( exists)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($age)operator([)local_variable($thing)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( non-NULL)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($age)operator([)local_variable($thing)operator(])operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( TRUE)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.3) +comment(// Remove one, or more, hash entries) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key2)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key3)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove entire hash) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Perl example uses a global variable) + pre_type(global) local_variable($food_colour)operator(;) + + local_variable($foods) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string(Foods:)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})delimiter(")operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(Values:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($colour) operator(=) local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( nullified or removed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Initially:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Nullify an entry) +local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) constant(NULL)operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(With 'Banana' nullified)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove an entry) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator([)delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(With 'Banana' removed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +ident(print_foods)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Destroy the hash) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.4) +comment(// Access keys and values) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Access keys only) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// Access values only) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// 'countfrom' - count number of messages from each sender) + +local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^From: (.*\)/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($from)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($from)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Senders:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($from) reserved(as) local_variable($sender) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($sender)operator(})string( : )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) +reserved(else) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(No valid data entered)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.5) +comment(// PHP offers, 'print_r', which prints hash contents in 'debug' form; it also) +comment(// works recursively, printing any contained arrays in similar form) +comment(// Array) +comment(// () +comment(// [key1] => value1 ) +comment(// [key2] => value2) +comment(// ...) +comment(// \)) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Based on Perl example; non-recursive, so contained arrays not printed correctly) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string( => )local_variable($value)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Sorted by keys) + +comment(// 1. Sort the original hash) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 2. Extract keys, sort, traverse original in key order) +local_variable($keys) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($keys) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($key)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($hash)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Sorted by values) + +comment(// 1. Sort the original hash) +ident(asort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 2. Extract values, sort, traverse original in value order [warning: finds ) +comment(// only first matching key in the case where duplicate values exist]) +local_variable($values) operator(=) ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($values)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($values) reserved(as) local_variable($value)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($value) operator(.) delimiter(')string( <= )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(array_search)operator(()local_variable($value)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.6) +comment(// Unless sorted, hash elements remain in the order of insertion. If care is taken to) +comment(// always add a new element to the end of the hash, then element order is the order) +comment(// of insertion. The following function, 'array_push_associative' [modified from original) +comment(// found at 'array_push' section of PHP documentation], does just that) +pre_type(function) ident(array_push_associative)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_array)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($arg) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) local_variable($ret)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) + reserved(else) + local_variable($arr)operator([)local_variable($arg)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($ret)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Individual calls, or ...) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Yellow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Green)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_push_associative)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Yellow)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... one call, one array; physical order retained) +comment(// array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Banana' => 'Yellow', 'Apple' => 'Green', 'Lemon' => 'Yellow'\)\);) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(In insertion order:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +local_variable($foods) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)string(Still in insertion order:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($foods) reserved(as) local_variable($food)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string( )operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( => )operator({)local_variable($food_colour)operator([)local_variable($food)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.7) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(n/)delimiter(')operator(,) error(`)ident(who)error(`)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($user)operator(,) local_variable($tty)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(preg_split)operator(()delimiter(')string(/)string(\\)string(s/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($entry)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($ttys)operator([)local_variable($user)operator(])operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($tty)operator(;) + + comment(// Could instead do this:) + comment(// $user = array_slice(preg_split('/\\s/', $entry\), 0, 2\);) + comment(// $ttys[$user[0]][] = $user[1];) +operator(}) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($ttys)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string(: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($user) operator(=>) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})string(: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($all_ttys)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($all_ttys) reserved(as) local_variable($tty)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($stat) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/dev/$tty)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($pwent) operator(=) ident(posix_getpwuid)operator(()local_variable($stat)operator([)delimiter(')string(uid)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($user) operator(=) pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($pwent)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator(?) local_variable($pwent)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(:) delimiter(')string(Not available)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($tty)operator(})string( owned by: )operator({)local_variable($user)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.8) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_flip' function to perform the task of exchanging the keys / values) +comment(// of a hash i.e. invert or 'flip' a hash) + +local_variable($reverse) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($surname) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Babe)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Ruth)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mickey)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Mantle)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($first_name) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($surname)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($first_name)operator([)delimiter(')string(Mantle)delimiter(')operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( food|colour)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($given) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($food) operator(=) ident(array_flip)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($colour)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($given)operator(})string( is a food with colour: )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($food)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator([)local_variable($given)operator(])operator(})string( is a food with colour: )operator({)local_variable($given)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($foods_with_colour)operator([)local_variable($colour)operator(])operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($food)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(foods with colour )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})string( were: )delimiter(") operator(.) ident(join)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($foods_with_colour)operator([)local_variable($colour)operator(])operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.9) +comment(// PHP implements a swag of sorting functions, most designed to work with numerically-indexed) +comment(// arrays. For sorting hashes, the 'key' sorting functions are required:) +comment(// * 'ksort', 'krsort', 'uksort') + +comment(// Ascending order) +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Descending order [i.e. reverse sort]) +ident(krsort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Comparator-based sort) + +pre_type(function) ident(comparator)operator(()local_variable($left)operator(,) local_variable($right)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Compare left key with right key) + reserved(return) local_variable($left) operator(>) local_variable($right)operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($hash)operator(,) delimiter(')string(comparator)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(ksort)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($left, $right)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return $left > $right;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($food_colour) reserved(as) local_variable($food) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($food)operator(})string( is )operator({)local_variable($colour)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.10) +comment(// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function for this task [a related function, 'array_combine',) +comment(// may be used to create a hash from an array of keys, and one of values, respectively]) + +comment(// Merge two, or more, arrays) +local_variable($merged) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Create a hash from array of keys, and of values, respectively) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()local_variable($keys)operator(,) local_variable($values)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Can always merge arrays manually ) +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(,) local_variable($h3)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($key) operator(=>) local_variable($value)operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// If same-key values differ, only latest retained) + local_variable($merged)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) + + comment(// Do this to append values for that key) + comment(// $merged[$key][] = $value;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($drink_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Galliano)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mai Tai)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(blue)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($ingested_colour) operator(=) ident(array_merge)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($drink_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($substance_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($drink_colour)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($hash) reserved(as) local_variable($substance) operator(=>) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(array_key_exists)operator(()local_variable($substance)operator(,) local_variable($substance_colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Warning )operator({)local_variable($substance_colour)operator([)local_variable($substance)operator(])operator(})string( seen twice. Using first definition.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(continue)operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($substance_colour)operator([)local_variable($substance)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($colour)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.11) +comment(// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions:) +comment(// * union: array_merge) +comment(// * intersection: array_intersect and family) +comment(// * difference: array_diff and family) +comment(// which may be used for this type of task) + +comment(// Keys occurring in both hashes) +local_variable($common) operator(=) ident(array_intersect_key)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Keys occurring in the first hash [left side], but not in the second hash) +local_variable($this_not_that) operator(=) ident(array_diff_key)operator(()local_variable($h1)operator(,) local_variable($h2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($food_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Banana)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($citrus_colour) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Orange)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lime)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(green)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($non_citrus) operator(=) ident(array_diff_key)operator(()local_variable($food_colour)operator(,) local_variable($citrus_colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.12) +comment(// PHP implements a special type known as a 'resource' that encompasses things like file handles,) +comment(// sockets, database connections, and many others. The 'resource' type is, essentially, a) +comment(// reference variable that is not readily serialisable. That is to say:) +comment(// * A 'resource' may be converted to a string representation via the 'var_export' function) +comment(// * That same string cannot be converted back into a 'resource') +comment(// So, in terms of array handling, 'resource' types may be stored as array reference values,) +comment(// but cannot be used as keys. ) +comment(//) +comment(// I suspect it is this type of problem that the Perl::Tie package helps resolve. However, since) +comment(// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, sport a similar facility, the examples in this section cannot be) +comment(// implemented using file handles as keys) + +local_variable($filenames) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/etc/termcap)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/vmlinux)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/bin/cat)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filenames) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Cannot do this as required by the Perl code:) + comment(// $name[$fh] = $filename;) + + comment(// Ok) + local_variable($name)operator([)local_variable($filename)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fh)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Would traverse array via:) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach(array_keys($name\) as $fh\)) +comment(// ...) +comment(// or) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach($name as $fh => $filename\)) +comment(// ...) +comment(// but since '$fh' cannot be a key, either of these will work:) +comment(//) +comment(// foreach($name as $filename => $fh\)) +comment(// or) +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(array_values)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($fh)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.13) +comment(// PHP hashes are dynamic expanding and contracting as entries are added, and removed,) +comment(// respectively. Thus, there is no need to presize a hash, nor is there, AFAIK, any) +comment(// means of doing so except by the number of datums used when defining the hash) + +comment(// zero elements) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// three elements) +local_variable($hash) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Apple)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Lemon)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Carrot)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.14) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($array) reserved(as) local_variable($element)operator(\)) local_variable($count)operator([)local_variable($element)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.15) +local_variable($father) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(Cain)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Abel)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Seth)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Adam)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Enoch)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Cain)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Irad)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Enoch)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Mehujael)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Irad)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Methusael)delimiter(')operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Mehujael)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Methusael)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jabal)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Jubal)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) + delimiter(')string(Tubalcain)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Lamech)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Enos)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Seth)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(TRUE)operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($name)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + comment(// Can use either:) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($father)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($name) operator(=) local_variable($father)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// or:) + comment(// if (!key_exists($name, $father\)\) break;) + comment(// $name = $father[$name];) + + comment(// or combine the two lines:) + comment(// if (!($name = $father[$name]\)\) break;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($father) reserved(as) local_variable($child) operator(=>) local_variable($parent)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(])operator(\)) + local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($child)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($parent)operator(]) operator(.)operator(=) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($child)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($name) operator(.) delimiter(')string( begat )delimiter(')operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\)) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Nothing)char(\\n)delimiter(") + reserved(else) + pre_type(echo) ident(str_replace)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(, )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($children)operator([)local_variable($name)operator(])operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(trim)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/a)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/b)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Skipping )operator({)local_variable($file)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Skipping )operator({)local_variable($file)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(')string(/^)string(\\)string(s*#)string(\\)string(s*include)string(\\)string(s*<([^>]+\)>/)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) local_variable($matches)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(.)operator(=) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($includes)operator([)local_variable($matches)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) + operator(}) + + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fh)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($includes)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_5.16) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.0) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/vi)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/usr/bin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($entry) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/vi)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($ctime) operator(=) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(ctime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($size) operator(=) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(size)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// For the simple task of determining whether a file contains, text', a simple) +comment(// function that searches for a newline could be implemented. Not exactly) +comment(// foolproof, but very simple, low overhead, no installation headaches ...) +pre_type(function) ident(containsText)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($status) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($fp) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(FALSE) operator(!==) operator(()local_variable($char) operator(=) ident(fgetc)operator(()local_variable($fp)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($char) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($status) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) reserved(break)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fp)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($status)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// PHP offers the [currently experimental] Fileinfo group of functions to) +comment(// determine file types based on their contents / 'magic numbers'. This) +comment(// is functionality similar to the *NIX, 'file' utility. Note that it must) +comment(// first be installed using the PEAR utility [see PHP documentation] ) +pre_type(function) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Note: untested code, but I believe this is how it is supposed to work) + local_variable($finfo) operator(=) ident(finfo_open)operator(()constant(FILEINFO_NONE)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($status) operator(=) operator(()ident(finfo_file)operator(()local_variable($finfo)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(ASCII text)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + ident(finfo_close)operator(()local_variable($finfo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($status)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Alternatively, use the *NIX utility, 'file', directly) +pre_type(function) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(file -bN )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(ASCII text)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(containsText)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})string( doesn't have any text in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})string( doesn't have any text in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($dirhdl) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(()local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!==) constant(FALSE)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Inside %s is something called: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dirname)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.1) +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(example.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($readtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($writetime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Alter $writetime, and $readtime ...) + +comment(// Update file timestamp) +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($writetime)operator(,) local_variable($readtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(example.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Dedicated functions also exist to retrieve this information:) +comment(//) +comment(// $atime = $fileatime($filename\);) +comment(// $mtime = $filemtime($filename\);) +comment(//) + +comment(// Perform date arithmetic. Traditional approach where arithmetic is performed) +comment(// directly with Epoch Seconds [i.e. the *NIX time stamp value] will work ...) + +ident(define)operator(()delimiter(')string(SECONDS_PER_DAY)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(60) operator(*) integer(60) operator(*) integer(24)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Set file's access and modification times to 1 week ago) +local_variable($atime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(-)operator(=) integer(7) operator(*) constant(SECONDS_PER_DAY)operator(;) + +comment(// ... but care must be taken to account for daylight saving. Therefore, the) +comment(// recommended approach is to use library functions to perform such tasks:) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(-7 days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) ident(strtotime)operator(()delimiter(')string(-7 days)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Update file timestamp) +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Good idea to clear the cache after such updates have occurred so fresh) +comment(// values will be retrieved on next access) +ident(clearstatcache)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( filename)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($atime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(atime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($mtime) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(mtime)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// Careful here: since interactive, use, 'system', not 'exec', to launch [latter) +comment(// does not work under *NIX - at least, not for me :\)]) +ident(system)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(EDITOR)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( vi )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($retcode)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(touch)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($mtime)operator(,) local_variable($atime)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Error updating timestamp on file, )operator({)local_variable($filename)operator(})string(!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.2) +comment(// The 'unlink' function is used to delete regular files, whilst the 'rmdir' function) +comment(// does the same on non-empty directories. AFAIK, no recursive-deletion facility) +comment(// exists, and must be manually programmed) + +local_variable($filename) operator(=) delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Can't delete, )operator({)local_variable($filename)operator(})string(!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($problem) operator(=) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + +comment(// Could simply use a foreach loop) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($problem) operator(=) constant(TRUE)operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(//) +comment(// Alternatively, an applicative approach could be used, one closer in spirit to) +comment(// largely-functional languages like Scheme) +comment(//) +comment(// function is_all_deleted($deleted, $filename\) { return @unlink($filename\) && $deleted; }) +comment(// $problem = !array_reduce($files, 'is_all_deleted', TRUE\);) +comment(//) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($problem)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(')string(Could not delete all of:)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) reserved(exit)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(rmAll)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($count) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($count)operator(++)operator(;) operator(})operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($count)operator(;) + +comment(// An applicative alternative using 'create_function', PHP's rough equivalent of 'lambda' ...) +comment(//) +comment(// return array_reduce($files,) +comment(// create_function('$count, $filename', 'return @unlink($filename\) && $count++;'\), 0\);) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($toBeDeleted) operator(=) ident(sizeof)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($count) operator(=) ident(rmAll)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(\))operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($count) operator(==) local_variable($toBeDeleted)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could only delete )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})string( of )operator({)local_variable($toBeDeleted)operator(})string( files)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.3) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(copy)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Error copying file)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// All the following copy a file by copying its contents. Examples do so in a single) +comment(// operation, but it is also possible to copy arbitrary blocks, or, line-by-line in ) +comment(// the case of 'text' files) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\)) + ident(file_put_contents)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) ident(file_get_contents)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(else) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem copying file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(fwrite)operator(()operator(()local_variable($nh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) ident(fread)operator(()operator(()local_variable($oh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(rb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// As above, but with some error checking / handling) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($oh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(rb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem opening input file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(()local_variable($nh) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(,) delimiter(')string(wb)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem opening output file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(()local_variable($filesize) operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(,) ident(fread)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(,) local_variable($filesize)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem reading / writing file data)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($oh)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($nh)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Should there be platform-specfic problems copying 'very large' files, it is) +comment(// a simple matter to call a system command utility via, 'exec') + +comment(// *NIX-specific example. Could check whether, 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether) +comment(// a file exists after the operation might be a better approach) +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(cp --force )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem copying file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// For other operating systems just change:) +comment(// * filenames) +comment(// * command being 'exec'ed) +comment(// as the rest of the code is platform independant) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.4) +pre_type(function) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)operator(()local_variable($fs) operator(=) operator(@)ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + reserved(return) ident(strval)operator(()local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(dev)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(.) local_variable($fs)operator([)delimiter(')string(ino)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(do_my_thing)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Using a global variable to mimic Perl example, but could easily have passed) + comment(// '$seen' as an argument) + pre_type(global) local_variable($seen)operator(;) + + local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Process $filename if it has not previously been seen, else just increment) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// ... process $filename ...) + + comment(// Set initial count) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Otherwise, just increment the count) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Simple example) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(do_my_thing)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($seen) reserved(as) local_variable($devino) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($devino)operator(})string( -> )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// A variation on the above avoiding use of global variables, and illustrating use of) +comment(// easily-implemented 'higher order' techniques) + +comment(// Helper function loosely modelled on, 'array_reduce', but using an array as) +comment(// 'accumulator', which is returned on completion) +pre_type(function) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($lambda)operator(,) local_variable($updarr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($arr) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) local_variable($lambda)operator(()local_variable($updarr)operator(,) local_variable($key)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($updarr)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(do_my_thing)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(,) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(array_key_exists)operator(()operator(()local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// ... processing $filename ...) + + comment(// Update $seen) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Update $seen) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(+)operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Simple example) +local_variable($files) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Could do this ...) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) delimiter(')string(do_my_thing)delimiter(')operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or this:) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) delimiter(')string(do_my_thing)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// or a 'lambda' could be used:) +ident(array_update)operator(()local_variable($files)operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($seen, $filename)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(... code not shown ...)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + operator(&)local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($seen) reserved(as) local_variable($devino) operator(=>) local_variable($count)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($devino)operator(})string( -> )operator({)local_variable($count)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($files) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/*)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(define)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) delimiter(')string(;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($seen) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($files) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(array_key_exists)operator(()operator(()local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(makeDevInodePair)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(\)) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($filename)operator(;) + reserved(else) + local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($devino)operator(]) operator(.) constant(SEP) operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(;) +operator(}) + +local_variable($devino) operator(=) ident(array_keys)operator(()local_variable($seen)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(sort)operator(()local_variable($devino)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($devino) reserved(as) local_variable($key)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($key) operator(.) delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(split)operator(()constant(SEP)operator(,) local_variable($seen)operator([)local_variable($key)operator(])operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) pre_type(echo) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($filename)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.5) +comment(// Conventional POSIX-like approach to directory traversal) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +operator(()local_variable($dirhdl) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()operator(()local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(\)) operator(!==) constant(FALSE)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $dirname/$file) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dirhdl)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Newer [post PHP 4], 'applicative' approach - an array of filenames is) +comment(// generated that may be processed via external loop ...) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $dirname/$file) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// .. or, via callback application, perhaps after massaging by one of the) +comment(// 'array' family of functions [also uses, 'array_update', from earlier section]) + +local_variable($newlist) operator(=) ident(array_update)operator(()ident(array_reverse)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($filelist, $file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( ; )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// And don't forget that the old standby, 'glob', that returns an array of) +comment(// paths filtered using the Bourne Shell-based wildcards, '?' and '*', is) +comment(// also available) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... do something with $path) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Uses, 'isTextFile', from an earlier section) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Text files in )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})string(:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Take care when constructing paths to ensure cross-platform operability ) + local_variable($path) operator(=) local_variable($dirname) operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(isTextFile)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\)) pre_type(echo) local_variable($path) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(plain_files)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(()local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't glob )operator({)local_variable($dirname)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Pass function name directly if only a single function performs filter test) + reserved(return) ident(array_filter)operator(()local_variable($dirlist)operator(,) delimiter(')string(is_file)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Use, 'create_function', if a multi-function test is needed) + comment(//) + comment(// return array_filter($dirlist, create_function('$path', 'return is_file($path\);'\)\);) + comment(//) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(plain_files)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($path) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.6) +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Full paths) +local_variable($pathlist) operator(=) ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*.c)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// File names only - glob-based matching) +local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return fnmatch("*.c", $file\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// File names only - regex-based matching [case-insensitive]) +local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dirname)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($file)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return eregi(")string(\\)string(.[ch]$", $file\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Directory names - all-digit names) +local_variable($dirs) operator(=) ident(array_filter)operator(()ident(glob)operator(()local_variable($dirname) operator(.) delimiter(')string(*)delimiter(')operator(,) constant(GLOB_ONLYDIR)operator(\))operator(,) + ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($path)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return ereg("^[0-9]+$", basename($path\)\);)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.7) +comment(// Recursive directory traversal function and helper: traverses a directory tree) +comment(// applying a function [and a variable number of accompanying arguments] to each) +comment(// file) + +pre_type(class) constant(Accumulator) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($value)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($start_value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(value) operator(=) local_variable($start_value)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($current) operator(=) local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(foreach)operator(()ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($current)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($entry) operator(==) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($entry) operator(==) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + local_variable($func_args)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($current) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($entry)operator(;) + ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + ident(call_user_func_array)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(process_directory)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) + local_variable($func_args) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(process_directory_)operator(()local_variable($op)operator(,) local_variable($func_args)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) constant(TRUE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/d1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d3)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do something with each directory in the list) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($dirlist) reserved(as) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) + comment(// Delete directory [if empty] -> rmdir($dir\); ) + comment(// Make it the 'current directory' -> chdir($dir\);) + comment(// Get list of files it contains -> $filelist = scandir($dir\);) + comment(// Get directory metadata -> $ds = stat($dir\);) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($dirlist) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/d1)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d2)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(/tmp/d3)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(pf)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ... do something to the file or directory ...) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// For each directory in the list ...) +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($dirlist) reserved(as) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Is this a valid directory ?) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s does not exist)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// Ok, so get all the directory's entries) + local_variable($filelist) operator(=) ident(scandir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// An 'empty' directory will contain at least two entries: '..' and '.') + reserved(if) operator(()ident(count)operator(()local_variable($filelist)operator(\)) operator(==) integer(2)operator(\)) operator({) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s is empty)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(continue)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// For each file / directory in the directory ...) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filelist) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Ignore '..' and '.' entries) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($file) operator(==) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(|)operator(|) local_variable($file) operator(==) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + + comment(// Apply function to process the file / directory) + ident(pf)operator(()local_variable($dir) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(accum_filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value) operator(+)operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($dirsize) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(accum_filesize)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($dirsize)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(%s contains %d bytes)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($dirsize)operator(->)ident(value)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(biggest_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($fs) operator(=) ident(filesize)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(<) local_variable($fs)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fs)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($biggest) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(biggest_file)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Biggest file is %s containing %d bytes)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($biggest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(youngest_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($accum)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($fct) operator(=) ident(filectime)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(>) local_variable($fct)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) local_variable($accum)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fct)operator(;) operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Verify arguments ...) +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(})string( dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) + +ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")operator({)local_variable($dir)operator(})string( does not exist / not a directory)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results]) +local_variable($youngest) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Accumulator)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) integer(2147483647)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(process_directory)operator(()delimiter(')string(youngest_file)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($dir)operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Report results) +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Youngest file is %s dating %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) ident(date)operator(()constant(DATE_ATOM)operator(,) local_variable($youngest)operator(->)ident(value)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.8) +comment(// AFAICT, there is currently no library function that recursively removes a) +comment(// directory tree [i.e. a directory, it's subdirectories, and any other files]) +comment(// with a single call. Such a function needs to be custom built. PHP tools) +comment(// with which to do this:) +comment(// * 'unlink', 'rmdir', 'is_dir', and 'is_file' functions, will all take care) +comment(// of the file testing and deletion) +comment(// * Actual directory traversal requires obtaining directory / subdirectory) +comment(// lists, and here there is much choice available, though care must be taken) +comment(// as each has it's own quirks) +comment(// - 'opendir', 'readdir', 'closedir') +comment(// - 'scandir') +comment(// - 'glob') +comment(// - SPL 'directory iterator' classes [newish / experimental - not shown here]) +comment(//) +comment(// The PHP documentation for 'rmdir' contains several examples, each illustrating) +comment(// one of each approach; the example shown here is loosely based on one of these) +comment(// examples) + +comment(// Recursor - recursively traverses directory tree) +pre_type(function) ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($dir) operator(=) delimiter(")local_variable($dir)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($dh) operator(=) ident(opendir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()constant(FALSE) operator(!==) operator(()local_variable($item) operator(=) ident(readdir)operator(()local_variable($dh)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($item) operator(!=) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($item) operator(!=) delimiter(')string(..)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($subdir) operator(=) local_variable($dir) operator(.) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(') operator(.) delimiter(")local_variable($item)delimiter(")operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(else) operator(@)ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($subdir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(closedir)operator(()local_variable($dh)operator(\))operator(;) operator(@)ident(rmdir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Launcher - performs validation then starts recursive routine) +pre_type(function) ident(rmtree)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) operator(()local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(rmtree_)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) reserved(return) operator(!)ident(is_dir)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($argc) operator(==) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: rmtree dir)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(rmtree)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not remove directory )operator({)local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.9) +local_variable($filepairs) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(x.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(x2.txt)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(y.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(y.doc)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(zxc.txt)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(cxz.txt)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($filepairs) reserved(as) local_variable($oldfile) operator(=>) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(@)ident(rename)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not rename %s to %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($oldfile)operator(,) local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Call a system command utility via, 'exec'. *NIX-specific example. Could check whether,) +comment(// 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether a renamed file exists after the operation might) +comment(// be a better approach) + +local_variable($oldfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/old)delimiter(')operator(;) local_variable($newfile) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/tmp/new)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\)) operator(&)operator(&) ident(unlink)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(exec)operator(()ident(trim)operator(()delimiter(')string(mv --force )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(escapeshellarg)operator(()local_variable($newfile)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(is_file)operator(()local_variable($oldfile)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Problem renaming file )operator({)local_variable($oldfile)operator(})string( to file )operator({)local_variable($newfile)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// For other operating systems just change:) +comment(// * filenames) +comment(// * command being 'exec'ed) +comment(// as the rest of the code is platform independant) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// A modified implementation of Larry's Filename Fixer. Rather than passing) +comment(// a single expression, a 'from' regexp is passed; each match in the file) +comment(// name(s\) is changed to the value of 'to'. It otherwise behaves the same) +comment(//) + +local_variable($argc) operator(>) integer(2) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: rename from to [file ...])char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($from) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($to) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(count)operator(()operator(()local_variable($argv) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator(<) integer(1)operator(\)) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) local_variable($argv)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($argv) reserved(as) local_variable($file)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($was) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator(;) + local_variable($file) operator(=) ident(ereg_replace)operator(()local_variable($from)operator(,) local_variable($to)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strcmp)operator(()local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(!=) integer(0)operator(\)) + operator(@)ident(rename)operator(()local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Could not rename %s to %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($was)operator(,) local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.10) +local_variable($base) operator(=) ident(basename)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) ident(dirname)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// PHP's equivalent to Perl's 'fileparse') +local_variable($pathinfo) operator(=) ident(pathinfo)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($base) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(basename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($dir) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(dirname)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) +local_variable($ext) operator(=) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, file is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(dirname)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(,) ident(basename)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/lib/libc.a)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($pathinfo) operator(=) ident(pathinfo)operator(()local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(dirname)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(basename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pathinfo)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Handle Mac example as a simple parse task. However, AFAIK, 'pathinfo' is cross-platform,) +comment(// so should handle file path format differences transparently) +local_variable($path) operator(=) delimiter(')string(Hard%20Drive:System%20Folder:README.txt)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($macp) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(drive)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(folder)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(filename)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(")string(\\)string(:)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(str_replace)operator(()delimiter(')string(%20)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($path)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($macf) operator(=) ident(array_combine)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(")string(\\)string(.)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(filename)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) operator(()local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(drive)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(')string(:)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($macp)operator([)delimiter(')string(folder)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($macf)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) operator(()delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($macf)operator([)delimiter(')string(extension)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Not really necessary since we have, 'pathinfo', but better matches Perl example) +pre_type(function) ident(file_extension)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($separator) operator(=) delimiter(')string(.)delimiter(')operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(end)operator(()ident(split)operator(()operator(()delimiter(")char(\\\\)delimiter(") operator(.) local_variable($separator)operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +pre_type(echo) ident(file_extension)operator(()delimiter(')string(readme.txt)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.11) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_9.12) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.0) +comment(// Since defined at outermost scope, $greeted may be considered a global variable) +local_variable($greeted) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Must use, 'global', keyword to inform functions that $greeted already exists as) +comment(// a global variable. If this is not done, a local variable of that name is implicitly) +comment(// defined) +pre_type(function) ident(howManyGreetings)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(hello)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($greeted)operator(;) + local_variable($greeted)operator(++)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(high there!, this procedure has been called )operator({)local_variable($greeted)operator(})string( times)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(hello)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($greetings) operator(=) ident(howManyGreetings)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(bye there!, there have been )operator({)local_variable($greetings)operator(})string( greetings so far)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.1) +comment(// Conventionally-defined function together with parameter list) +pre_type(function) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) local_variable($side2)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +comment(// Alternative is to define the function without parameter list, then use) +comment(// 'func_get_arg' to extract arguments) +pre_type(function) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Could check number of arguments passed with: 'func_num_args', which) + comment(// would be the approach used if dealing with variable number of arguments) + local_variable($side1) operator(=) ident(func_get_arg)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($side2) operator(=) ident(func_get_arg)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) ident(sqrt)operator(()ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\)) operator(+) ident(pow)operator(()local_variable($side2)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 1. Conventional function call) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(hypotenuse)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// 2. Function call using, 'call_user_func' library routines) +local_variable($funcname) operator(=) delimiter(')string(hypotenuse)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// a. Pass function name, and variable number of arguments) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(call_user_func)operator(()local_variable($funcname)operator(,) integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// b. Package arguments as array, pass together with function name) +local_variable($args) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($diag) operator(=) ident(call_user_func_array)operator(()local_variable($funcname)operator(,) local_variable($args)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +local_variable($nums) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)float(.4)operator(,) integer(3)float(.5)operator(,) integer(6)float(.7)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Pass-by-value) +pre_type(function) ident(int_all)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) ident(array_map)operator(()ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($n)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(return (int\) $n;)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Pass-by-reference) +pre_type(function) ident(trunc_em)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($n)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($n) reserved(as) operator(&)local_variable($value)operator(\)) local_variable($value) operator(=) operator(()ident(int)operator(\)) local_variable($value)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// $nums untouched; $ints is new array) +local_variable($ints) operator(=) ident(int_all)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// $nums updated) +ident(trunc_em)operator(()local_variable($nums)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.2) +comment(// Strictly-speaking, PHP is neither lexically [no environment capture] nor) +comment(// dynamically [no variable shadowing] scoped. A script in which several) +comment(// functions have been defined has two, entirely separate, scopes:) +comment(//) +comment(// * A 'top-level' scope i.e. everything outside each function) +comment(//) +comment(// * A 'local scope' within each function; each function is a self-contained) +comment(// entity and cannot [via conventional means] access variables outside its) +comment(// local scope. Accessing a variable that has not been locally defined) +comment(// serves to define it i.e. accessing a variable assumed to be global) +comment(// sees a local variable of that name defined) +comment(//) +comment(// The way 'global' variables are provided is via a predefined array of) +comment(// variable names, $GLOBALS [it is one of a special set of variables known) +comment(// as 'superglobals'; such variables *are* accessable in all scopes]. Each) +comment(// entry in this array is a 'global' variable name, and may be freely) +comment(// accessed / updated. A more convenient means of accessing such variables) +comment(// is via the 'global' keyword: one or more variables within a function is) +comment(// declared 'global', and those names are then taken to refer to entries) +comment(// in the $GLOBALS array rather than seeing local variables of that name) +comment(// accessed or defined) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Variables declared within a function are local to that function) + local_variable($variable) operator(=) delimiter(')string(something)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Top-level declared variables) +local_variable($name) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(;) local_variable($age) operator(=) local_variable($argv)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(;) + +local_variable($c) operator(=) ident(fetch_time)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($condition) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(run_check)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// The globally-declared variable, '$condition', is not accessable within) + comment(// the function unless it declared as 'global. Had this not been done then) + comment(// attempts to access, '$condition', would have seen a local variable) + comment(// of that name declared and updated. Same applies to other variables) + pre_type(global) local_variable($condition)operator(,) local_variable($name)operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(;) + + local_variable($condition) operator(=) integer(1)operator(;) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(check_x)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($y) operator(=) delimiter(')string(whatever)delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// This function only has access to the parameter, '$x', and the locally) + comment(// declared variable, '$y'.) + + comment(// Whilst 'run_check' has access to several global variables, the current) + comment(// function does not. For it to access the global variable, '$condition',) + comment(// it must be declared 'global') + ident(run_check)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(global) local_variable($condition)operator(;) + + comment(// 'run_check' will have updated, '$condition', and since it has been) + comment(// declared 'global' here, it is accessable) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($condition)operator(\)) + operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.3) +comment(// Local scopes are not created in the same way as in Perl [by simply enclosing) +comment(// within braces]: only via the creation of functions are local scopes created) + +comment(// Doesn't create a local scope; '$myvariable' is created at top-level) +operator({) + local_variable($myvariable) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// '$myvariable' is accessable here) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($myvariable) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +operator({) + local_variable($counter) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + comment(// Local scope created within function, but not within surrounding braces) + comment(// so:) + comment(// * '$counter' is actually a top-level variable, so globally accessable) + comment(// * 'next_counter' has no implict access to '$counter'; must be granted) + comment(// via 'global' keyword) + + pre_type(function) ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(global) local_variable($counter)operator(;) local_variable($counter)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, offer an equivalent to Perl's BEGIN block. Similar) +comment(// behaviour may be obtained by defining a class, and including such code) +comment(// in its constructor) + +pre_type(class) constant(BEGIN) +operator({) + pre_type(private) local_variable($myvariable)operator(;) + + pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(myvariable) operator(=) integer(5)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(othersub)operator(()operator(\)) + operator({) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(myvariable) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($b) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(BEGIN)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($b)operator(->)ident(othersub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// PHP, like C, supports 'static' local variables, that is, those that upon) +comment(// first access are initialised, and thence retain their value between function) +comment(// calls. However, the 'counter' example is better implemented as a class) + +pre_type(class) constant(Counter) +operator({) + pre_type(private) local_variable($counter)operator(;) + + pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($counter_init)operator(\)) + operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter) operator(=) local_variable($counter_init)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(++)operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) operator(}) + pre_type(function) ident(prev_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) reserved(return) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(counter)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($counter) operator(=) pre_type(new) constant(Counter)operator(()integer(42)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(next_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($counter)operator(->)ident(prev_counter)operator(()operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.4) +comment(// AFAICT there is no means of obtaining the name of the currently executing) +comment(// function, or, for that matter, perform any stack / activation record,) +comment(// inspection. It *is* possible to:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Obtain a list of the currently-defined functions ['get_defined_functions']) +comment(// * Check whether a specific function exists ['function_exists']) +comment(// * Use the 'Reflection API') +comment(//) +comment(// So, to solve this problem would seem to require adopting a convention where) +comment(// a string representing the function name is passed as an argument, or a local) +comment(// variable [perhaps called, '$name'] is so set [contrived, and of limited use]) + +pre_type(function) ident(whoami)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($name) operator(=) delimiter(')string(whoami)delimiter(')operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(I am: )operator({)local_variable($name)operator(})char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +ident(whoami)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.5) +comment(// In PHP all items exist as 'memory references' [i.e. non-modifiable pointers],) +comment(// so when passing an item as a function argument, or returning an item from) +comment(// a function, it is this 'memory reference' that is passed, and *not* the) +comment(// contents of that item. Should several references to an item exist [e.g. if) +comment(// passed to a function then at least two such references would exist in) +comment(// different scopes] they would all be refering to the same copy of the item.) +comment(// However, if an attempt is made to alter the item is made, a copy is made) +comment(// and it is the copy that is altered, leaving the original intact.) +comment(// ) +comment(// The PHP reference mechanism is used to selectively prevent this behaviour,) +comment(// and ensure that if a change is made to an item that no copy is made, and that) +comment(// it is the original item that is changed. Importantly, there is no efficiency) +comment(// gain from passing function parameters using references if the parameter item) +comment(// is not altered.) + +comment(// A copy of the item referred to by, '$arr', is made, and altered; original) +comment(// remains intact) +pre_type(function) ident(array_by_value)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// No copy is made; original item referred to by, '$arr', is altered) +pre_type(function) ident(array_by_ref)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(=) integer(7)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) +ident(array_by_value)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// output: 7) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) + +local_variable($arr) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 1 ) +ident(array_by_ref)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// output: 7) +pre_type(echo) local_variable($arr)operator([)integer(0)operator(]) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// output: 7 ) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Since, 'add_vecpair', does not attempt to alter either, '$x' or '$y', it makes) +comment(// no difference whether they are 'passed by value', or 'passed by reference') +pre_type(function) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(,) local_variable($y)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($r) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($length) operator(=) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(for)operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) local_variable($length)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) local_variable($r)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($x)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(]) operator(+) local_variable($y)operator([)local_variable($i)operator(])operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($r)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) +ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(\)) operator(==) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($arr2)operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(usage: add_vecpair ARR1 ARR2)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'passed by value') +local_variable($arr3) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()local_variable($arr1)operator(,) local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// 'passed by reference' [also possible to override default 'passed by value') +comment(// if required]) +local_variable($arr3) operator(=) ident(add_vecpair)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr1)operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($arr2)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.6) +comment(// PHP can be described as a dynamically typed language because variables serve) +comment(// as identifiers, and the same variable may refer to data of various types.) +comment(// As such, the set of arguments passed to a function may vary in type between) +comment(// calls, as can the type of return value. Where this is likely to occur type) +comment(// checking should be performed either / both within the function body, and) +comment(// when obtaining it's return value. As for Perl-style 'return context', I) +comment(// don't believe it is supported by PHP) + +comment(// Can return any type) +pre_type(function) ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) integer(5)operator(;) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(5)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ...) + reserved(return) delimiter(')string(5)delimiter(')operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Throw away return type [i.e. returns a 'void' type ?]) +ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Check return type. Can do via:) +comment(// * gettype($var\)) +comment(// * is_xxx e.g. is_array($var\), is_muneric($var\), ...) +local_variable($ret) operator(=) ident(mysub)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_numeric)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_array)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_string)operator(()local_variable($ret)operator(\))operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.7) +comment(// PHP doesn't directly support named / keyword parameters, but these can be) +comment(// easily mimiced using a class of key / value pairs, and passing a variable) +comment(// number of arguments) + +pre_type(class) constant(KeyedValue) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($key)operator(,) local_variable($value)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(key) operator(=) local_variable($key)operator(;) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(value) operator(=) local_variable($value)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(func_get_args)operator(()operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($arg)operator(\)) + operator({) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Key: %10s|Value:%10s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(->)ident(key)operator(,) local_variable($arg)operator(->)ident(value)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(Bob)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(age)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(36)operator(\))operator(,) + pre_type(new) constant(KeyedValue)operator(()delimiter(')string(income)delimiter(')operator(,) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Alternatively, an associative array of key / value pairs may be constructed.) +comment(// With the aid of the 'extract' built-in function, the key part of this array) +comment(// may be intsntiated to a variable name, thus more closely approximating the) +comment(// behaviour of true named parameters) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(extract)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Name: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Age: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($age)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($income)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Income: %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($income)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(') operator(=>) delimiter(')string(Bob)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(age)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(36)operator(,) delimiter(')string(income)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(51000)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(RaceTime) +operator({) + pre_type(public) local_variable($time)operator(,) local_variable($dim)operator(;) + pre_type(public) pre_type(function) ident(__construct)operator(()local_variable($time)operator(,) local_variable($dim)operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(time) operator(=) local_variable($time)operator(;) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(dim) operator(=) local_variable($dim)operator(;) operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(the_func)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\)) +operator({) + ident(extract)operator(()local_variable($var_array)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($start_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(start: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($start_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($start_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($finish_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(finish: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($finish_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($finish_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()pre_type(isset)operator(()local_variable($incr_time)operator(\))operator(\)) ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(incr: %d - %s)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($incr_time)operator(->)ident(time)operator(,) local_variable($incr_time)operator(->)ident(dim)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(20)operator(,) delimiter(')string(s)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(finish_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(incr_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(5)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + delimiter(')string(finish_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(30)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(the_func)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(start_time)delimiter(') operator(=>) pre_type(new) constant(RaceTime)operator(()integer(30)operator(,) delimiter(')string(m)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.8) +comment(// The 'list' keyword [looks like a function but is actually a special language) +comment(// construct] may be used to perform multiple assignments from a numerically) +comment(// indexed array of values, and offers the added bonus of being able to skip) +comment(// assignment of one, or more, of those values) + +pre_type(function) ident(func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(3)operator(,) integer(6)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(6)operator(,) integer(7)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Provided 'func' returns an numerically-indexed array, the following) +comment(// multiple assignment will work) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,) local_variable($b)operator(,) local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Any existing variables no longer wanted would need to be 'unset') +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($b)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// As above, but second element of return array discarded) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($a)operator(,)operator(,)local_variable($c)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// Care needed to ensure returned array is numerically-indexed) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($dev)operator(,) local_variable($ino)operator(,)operator(,)operator(,)local_variable($uid)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()ident(array_values)operator(()ident(stat)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(13)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.9) +comment(// Multiple return values are possible via packing a set of values within a) +comment(// numerically-indexed array and using 'list' to extract them) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(some_func)operator(()operator(&)local_variable($arr)operator(,) operator(&)local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($arrin) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()integer(1)operator(,) integer(2)operator(,) integer(3)operator(\))operator(;) local_variable($hashin) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(')string(b)delimiter(') operator(=>) integer(2)operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($arr)operator(,) local_variable($hash)operator(\)) operator(=) ident(some_func)operator(()local_variable($arrin)operator(,) local_variable($hashin)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.10) +comment(// AFAICT, most of the PHP library functions are designed to return some required ) +comment(// value on success, and FALSE on exit. Whilst it is possible to return NULL, or) +comment(// one of the recognised 'empty' values [e.g. '' or 0 or an empty array etc],) +comment(// FALSE actually seems to be the preferred means of indicating failure) + +pre_type(function) ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) constant(FALSE)operator(;) operator(}) + +ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Function failed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(a_func)operator(()operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Function failed)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.11) +comment(// Whether PHP is seen to support prototyping depends on the accepted) +comment(// definition of this term:) +comment(//) +comment(// * Prototyping along the lines used in Ada, Modula X, and even C / C++,) +comment(// in which a function's interface is declared separately from its) +comment(// implementation, is *not* supported) +comment(//) +comment(// * Prototyping in which, as part of the function definition, parameter) +comment(// information must be supplied. In PHP a function definition neither) +comment(// parameter, nor return type, information needs to be supplied, though) +comment(// it is usual to see a parameter list supplied [indicates the number,) +comment(// positional order, and optionally, whether a parameter is passed by) +comment(// reference; no type information is present]. In short, prototyping in) +comment(// PHP is optional, and limited) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_one_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_two_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_three_arg)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(,) local_variable($arg3)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// The following may be interpreted as meaning a function accepting no) +comment(// arguments:) +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_no_arg)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// whilst the following may mean a function taking zero or more arguments) +pre_type(function) ident(func_with_no_arg_information)operator(()operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.12) +comment(// Unlike in Perl, PHP's 'die' [actually an alias for 'exit'] doesn't throw) +comment(// an exception, but instead terminates the script, optionally either) +comment(// returning an integer value to the operating system, or printing a message.) +comment(// So, the following, does not exhibit the same behaviour as the Perl example) + +reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(some message)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Instead, like so many modern languages, PHP implements exception handling) +comment(// via the 'catch' and 'throw' keywords. Furthermore, a C++ or Java programmer) +comment(// would find PHP's exception handling facility remarkably similar to those) +comment(// of their respective languages. A simple, canonical example follows:) + +comment(// Usual to derive new exception classes from the built-in, 'Exception',) +comment(// class) +pre_type(class) constant(MyException) pre_type(extends) constant(Exception) +operator({) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) + +reserved(try) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($some_problem_detected)operator(\)) reserved(throw) pre_type(new) constant(MyException)operator(()delimiter(')string(some message)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($some_error_code)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ..) +operator(}) + +reserved(catch) operator(()constant(MyException) local_variable($e)operator(\)) +operator({) + operator(;) comment(// ... handle the problem ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(class) constant(FullMoonException) pre_type(extends) constant(Exception) +operator({) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) + +comment(// ...) + +reserved(try) +operator({) + comment(// ...) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($some_problem_detected)operator(\)) reserved(throw) pre_type(new) constant(FullMoonException)operator(()delimiter(')string(...)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($full_moon_error_code)operator(\))operator(;) + comment(// ..) +operator(}) + +reserved(catch) operator(()constant(FullMoonException) local_variable($e)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// ... rethrow the exception - will propagate to higher level ...) + reserved(throw) local_variable($e)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.13) +comment(// Please refer to discussion about PHP scope in section two of this chapter.) +comment(// Briefly, PHP assumes a variable name within a function to be local unless) +comment(// it has been specifically declared with the, 'global', keyword, in which) +comment(// case it refers to a variable in the 'superglobal' array, '$GLOBALS'. Thus,) +comment(// inadvertant variable name shadowing cannot occur since it is it not possible ) +comment(// to use the same name to refer to both a local and a global variable. If) +comment(// accessing a global variable care should be taken to not accidentally update) +comment(// it. The techniques used in this section are simply not required.) + +comment(// *** NOT TRANSLATED ***) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.14) +comment(// In PHP once a function has been defined it remains defined. In other words,) +comment(// it cannot be undefined / deleted, nor can that particular function name be) +comment(// reused to reference another function body. Even the lambda-like functions) +comment(// created via the 'create_function' built-in, cannot be undefined [they exist) +comment(// until script termination, thus creating too many of these can actually) +comment(// exhaust memory !]. However, since the latter can be assigned to variables,) +comment(// the same variable name can be used to reference difference functions [and) +comment(// when this is done the reference to the previous function is lost (unless) +comment(// deliberately saved\), though the function itself continues to exist].) +comment(//) +comment(// If, however, all that is needed is a simple function aliasing facility,) +comment(// then just assign the function name to a variable, and execute using the) +comment(// variable name) + +comment(// Original function) +pre_type(function) ident(expand)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(expand)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// Prove that function exists) +pre_type(echo) operator(()ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(expand)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(?) delimiter(')string(yes)delimiter(') operator(:) delimiter(')string(no)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// Use a variable to alias it) +local_variable($grow) operator(=) delimiter(')string(expand)delimiter(')operator(;) + +comment(// Call function via original name, and variable, respectively) +ident(expand)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($grow)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Remove alias variable) +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($grow)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(fred)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(fred)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +local_variable($barney) operator(=) delimiter(')string(fred)delimiter(')operator(;) + +local_variable($barney)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($barney)operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(fred)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($fred) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(echo "fred)string(\\)string(n";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($barney) operator(=) local_variable($fred)operator(;) + +local_variable($barney)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()local_variable($barney)operator(\))operator(;) + +local_variable($fred)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(red)operator(()local_variable($text)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) delimiter(")string(<FONT COLOR='red'>)local_variable($text)string(</FONT>)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +pre_type(echo) ident(red)operator(()delimiter(')string(careful here)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +comment(// ------------) + +local_variable($colour) operator(=) delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(;) + +error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) +string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(')string(careful here)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + +pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ----) + +local_variable($colours) operator(=) ident(split)operator(()delimiter(')string( )delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(red blue green yellow orange purple violet)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(")string(Careful with this )local_variable($colour)string(, James)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.15) +comment(// PHP sports an AUTOLOAD facility that is quite easy to use, but, AFAICT, is geared) +comment(// towards the detection of unavailable classes rather than for individual functions.) +comment(// Here is a rudimentary example:) + +pre_type(function) ident(__autoload)operator(()local_variable($classname)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(file_exists)operator(()local_variable($classname)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Class file does not exist, so handle situation; in this case,) + comment(// issue error message, and exit program) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(File for class: )operator({)local_variable($classname)operator(})string( not found - aborting)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(else) + operator({) + comment(// Class file exists, so load it) + pre_type(require_once) local_variable($classname)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------) + +comment(// Attempt to instantiate object of undefined class ) +pre_type(new) constant(UnknownClassObject)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Execution continues here if class exists) +comment(// ...) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +comment(// It is also possible to perform [quite extensive] introspection on functions,) +comment(// variables etc, so it is possible to check whether a function exists before) +comment(// executing it, thus allowing a non-existent functions to be searched for and) +comment(// loaded from a source file, or perhaps dynamically defined. An example of what) +comment(// could be described as a custom autoload facility appears below.) + +local_variable($colours) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(red)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(blue)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(green)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(yellow)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(orange)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(purple)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(violet)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Let's add a new colour to the list) +ident(array_push)operator(()local_variable($colours)operator(,) delimiter(')string(chartreuse)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) +operator({) + comment(// Checking whether function is defined) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(function_exists)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(\)) + operator({) + comment(// Doesn't exist, so dynamically define it) + error($)local_variable($colour) operator(=) ident(create_function)operator(()delimiter(')string($text)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(global $colour;) + string(return "<FONT COLOR=)char(\\')string($colour)char(\\')string(>$text</FONT>";)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Alternatively, if it exists in a source file, 'include' the file:) + comment(// include 'newcolours.php') + operator(}) + + pre_type(echo) error($)local_variable($colour)operator(()delimiter(")string(Careful with this )local_variable($colour)string(, James)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($colours) reserved(as) local_variable($colour)operator(\)) pre_type(unset)operator(()error($)local_variable($colour)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.16) +comment(// *** Warning *** Whilst PHP *does* allow functions to be defined within other) +comment(// functions it needs to be clearly understood that these 'inner' functions:) +comment(// * Do not exist until the outer function is called a first time, at which time) +comment(// they then remain defined) +comment(// * Are global in scope, so are accessable outside the function by their name;) +comment(// the fact that they are nested within another function has, AFAICT, no bearing) +comment(// on name resolution) +comment(// * Do not form a closure: the inner function is merely 'parked' within the) +comment(// outer function, and has no implicit access to the outer function's variables) +comment(// or other inner functions) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) operator(}) + + comment(// *** wrong *** 'inner' returns 0 * 19, not ($arg + 35\) * 19) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ----------------------------) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + + comment(// No implicit access to outer function scope; any required data must be) + comment(// explicity passed) + pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) operator({) reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) operator(}) + + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// ------------ ) + +comment(// Equivalent to previously-shown code) +pre_type(function) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\)) +operator({) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(*) integer(19)operator(;) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) ident(outer)operator(()local_variable($arg)operator(\)) +operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) local_variable($arg) operator(+) integer(35)operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($x) operator(+) ident(inner)operator(()local_variable($x)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_10.17) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) +comment(// @@INCOMPLETE@@) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.1) +comment(// Run a command and return its results as a string.) +local_variable($output_string) operator(=) ident(shell_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Same as above, using backtick operator.) +local_variable($output_string) operator(=) error(`)ident(program) ident(args)error(`)operator(;) + +comment(// Run a command and return its results as a list of strings,) +comment(// one per line.) +local_variable($output_lines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($output_lines)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// The only way to execute a program without using the shell is to) +comment(// use pcntl_exec(\). However, there is no way to do redirection, so) +comment(// you can't capture its output.) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + comment(// Note that pcntl_exec(\) automatically prepends the program name) + comment(// to the array of arguments; the program name cannot be spoofed.) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($arg1)operator(,) local_variable($arg2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.2) +comment(// Run a simple command and retrieve its result code.) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(")string(vi )local_variable($myfile)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($result_code)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Use the shell to perform redirection.) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Run a command, handling its result code or signal.) +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifexited)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($status) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wexitstatus)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program exited with status )local_variable($status)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifsignaled)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($signal) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wtermsig)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program killed by signal )local_variable($signal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifstopped)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($signal) operator(=) ident(pcntl_wstopsig)operator(()local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(program stopped by signal )local_variable($signal)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) local_variable($args)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Run a command while blocking interrupt signals.) +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// parent catches INT and berates user) + reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(function) ident(handle_sigint)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Tsk tsk, no process interruptus)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_sigint)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({)operator(}) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + comment(// child ignores INT and does its thing) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/sleep)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(10)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Since there is no direct access to execv(\) and friends, and) +comment(// pcntl_exec(\) won't let us supply an alternate program name) +comment(// in the argument list, there is no way to run a command with) +comment(// a different name in the process table.) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.3) +comment(// Transfer control to the shell to run another program.) +ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/bin/sh)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(-c)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(archive *.data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// Transfer control directly to another program.) +ident(pcntl_exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/archive)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(accounting.data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.4) +comment(// Handle each line in the output of a process.) +local_variable($readme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($readme)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Write to the input of a process.) +local_variable($writeme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(,) delimiter(')string(data)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Wait for a process to complete.) +local_variable($f) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(sleep 1000000)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// child goes to sleep) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($f)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// and parent goes to lala land) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($writeme) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(program arguments)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(,) delimiter(")string(hello)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) comment(// program will get hello\\n on STDIN) +ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($writeme)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// program will get EOF on STDIN) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Output buffering callback that sends output to the pager.) +pre_type(function) ident(ob_pager)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(static) local_variable($pipe)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($mode) operator(&) constant(PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pager) operator(=) ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(PAGER)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($pager)operator(\)) local_variable($pager) operator(=) delimiter(')string(/usr/bin/less)delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// XXX: might not exist) + local_variable($pipe) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()local_variable($pager)operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipe)operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($mode) operator(&) constant(PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pclose)operator(()local_variable($pipe)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Redirect standard output to the pager.) +ident(ob_start)operator(()delimiter(')string(ob_pager)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Do something useful that writes to standard output, then) +comment(// close the output buffer.) +comment(// ...) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.5) +comment(// Output buffering: Only display a certain number of lines of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Head) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Head)operator(()local_variable($lines)operator(=)integer(20)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines) operator(=) local_variable($lines)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(lines)operator(--)operator(;) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(return) local_variable($result) operator(?) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline) operator(:) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Output buffering: Prepend line numbers to each line of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Number) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Number)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number)operator(++)operator(;) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(line_number) operator(.) delimiter(')string(: )delimiter(') operator(.) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Output buffering: Prepend "> " to each line of output.) +pre_type(class) constant(Quote) operator({) + pre_type(function) constant(Quote)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + operator(}) + + pre_type(function) ident(filter)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) local_variable($mode)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($output)operator([)ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(\)) operator(-) integer(1)operator(]) operator(==) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($newline) operator(=) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + local_variable($output) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($output)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(foreach) operator(()ident(explode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($output)operator(\)) reserved(as) local_variable($i) operator(=>) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($result)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) delimiter(")string(> )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + reserved(return) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($result)operator(\)) operator(.) local_variable($newline)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Use arrays as callbacks to register filter methods.) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Head)operator(()integer(100)operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Number)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_start)operator(()pre_type(array)operator(()pre_type(new) constant(Quote)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) delimiter(')string(filter)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Act like /bin/cat.) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) local_variable($line)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// Should match number of calls to ob_start(\).) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(ob_end_flush)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.6) +comment(// Process command-line arguments using fopen(\). PHP supports URLs for) +comment(// filenames as long as the "allow_url_fopen" configuration option is set.) +comment(//) +comment(// Valid URL protocols include:) +comment(// - http://www.myserver.com/myfile.html) +comment(// - ftp://ftp.myserver.com/myfile.txt) +comment(// - compress.zlib://myfile.gz) +comment(// - php://stdin) +comment(//) +comment(// See http://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php for details.) +comment(//) +local_variable($filenames) operator(=) ident(array_slice)operator(()local_variable($argv)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)local_variable($filenames)operator(\)) local_variable($filenames) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(php://stdin)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($filenames) reserved(as) local_variable($filename)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($handle) operator(=) operator(@)ident(fopen)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + comment(// ...) + operator(}) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(can't open )local_variable($filename)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.7) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>&1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(/)ident(dev)operator(/)pre_type(null)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>/dev/null)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(/)ident(dev)operator(/)pre_type(null)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(&)integer(2) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(3) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)operator(-)error(`)operator(;) comment(// with backticks) +comment(// or) +local_variable($ph) operator(=) ident(popen)operator(()delimiter(')string(cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-|)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// with an open pipe) +reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($ph)operator(\))operator(;) operator(}) comment(// plus a read) +comment(// -----------------------------) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($output) operator(=) error(`)ident(cmd) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)integer(1) integer(1)operator(>)operator(&)integer(2) integer(2)operator(>)operator(&)integer(3) integer(3)operator(>)operator(&)operator(-)error(`)operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +local_variable($fd3) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) local_variable($fd2)operator(;) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd3)operator(;) +local_variable($fd3) operator(=) pre_type(null)operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(')string(prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// exec('prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1'\);) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) delimiter(")string(tmpfile)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// change stdout destination first) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) comment(// now point stderr there, too) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// exec('prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile'\);) +local_variable($fd2) operator(=) local_variable($fd1)operator(;) comment(// stderr same destination as stdout) +local_variable($fd1) operator(=) delimiter(")string(tmpfile)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// but change stdout destination) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.8) +comment(// Connect to input and output of a process.) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($program)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(")string(here's your input)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) ident(stream_get_contents)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($result_code) operator(=) ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($result_code)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($all) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($outlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($errlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +ident(exec)operator(()delimiter(")string(( )local_variable($cmd)string( | sed -e 's/^/stdout: /' \) 2>&1)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($all)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($all) reserved(as) local_variable($line)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pos) operator(=) ident(strpos)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(,) delimiter(')string(stdout: )delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pos) operator(!==) pre_type(false) operator(&)operator(&) local_variable($pos) operator(==) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($outlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(,) integer(8)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + local_variable($errlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($line)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDOUT:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($outlines)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDERR:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($errlines)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.9) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($cmd)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(2) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// give end of file to kid, or feed him) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// read till EOF) + local_variable($outlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($outlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// XXX: block potential if massive) + local_variable($errlines) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + local_variable($errlines)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDOUT:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($outlines)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")string(STDERR:)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(print_r)operator(()local_variable($errlines)operator(\))operator(;) + pre_type(print)operator(()delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// cmd3sel - control all three of kids in, out, and error.) +local_variable($cmd) operator(=) delimiter(")string(grep vt33 /none/such - /etc/termcap)delimiter(")operator(;) +local_variable($proc) operator(=) ident(proc_open)operator(()local_variable($cmd)operator(,) + pre_type(array)operator(()integer(0) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(1) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(,) + integer(2) operator(=>) pre_type(array)operator(()delimiter(')string(pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($pipes)operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(if) operator(()ident(is_resource)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(,) delimiter(")string(This line has a vt33 lurking in it)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($readers) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(,) local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()ident(stream_select)operator(()local_variable($read)operator(=)local_variable($readers)operator(,) + local_variable($write)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + local_variable($except)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + integer(0)operator(,) integer(200000)operator(\)) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($read) reserved(as) local_variable($stream)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($stream) operator(===) local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(STDOUT: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(")string(STDERR: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($readers) operator(=) ident(array_diff)operator(()local_variable($readers)operator(,) pre_type(array)operator(()local_variable($stream)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) + operator(}) + + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(1)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($pipes)operator([)integer(2)operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + ident(proc_close)operator(()local_variable($proc)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.10) +comment(// PHP supports fork/exec/wait but not pipe. However, it does) +comment(// support socketpair, which can do everything pipes can as well) +comment(// as bidirectional communication. The original recipes have been) +comment(// modified here to use socketpair only.) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe1 - use socketpair and fork so parent can send to child) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) local_variable($writer)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// this will happen anyway) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe2 - use socketpair and fork so child can send to parent) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) local_variable($writer)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($reader)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($writer)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// this will happen anyway) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe3 and pipe4 demonstrate the use of perl's "forking open") +comment(// feature to reimplement pipe1 and pipe2. pipe5 uses two pipes) +comment(// to simulate socketpair. Since PHP supports socketpair but not) +comment(// pipe, and does not have a "forking open" feature, these) +comment(// examples are skipped here.) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// pipe6 - bidirectional communication using socketpair) +local_variable($sockets) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_create_pair)operator(()constant(AF_UNIX)operator(,) constant(SOCK_STREAM)operator(,) integer(0)operator(,) local_variable($sockets)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +pre_type(list)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) local_variable($parent)operator(\)) operator(=) local_variable($sockets)operator(;) + +local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(socket_read)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(,) constant(PHP_NORMAL_READ)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(printf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d just read this: `%s')char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(sprintf)operator(()delimiter(")string(Child Pid %d is sending this)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()operator(!)ident(socket_write)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(,) local_variable($line)operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($line)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(die)operator(()ident(socket_strerror)operator(()ident(socket_last_error)operator(()operator(\))operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(socket_close)operator(()local_variable($parent)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(exit)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.11) +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// % mkfifo /path/to/named.pipe) +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/named.pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)ident(feof)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($line) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($line) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(break)operator(;) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Got: )local_variable($line)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(could not open fifo for read)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/path/to/named.pipe)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(,) delimiter(")string(Smoke this.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(could not open fifo for write)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) +comment(// % mkfifo ~/.plan # isn't this everywhere yet?) +comment(// % mknod ~/.plan p # in case you don't have mkfifo) +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// dateplan - place current date and time in .plan file) +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($home) operator(=) ident(getenv)operator(()delimiter(')string(HOME)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(")local_variable($home)string(/.plan)delimiter(")operator(,) delimiter(')string(w)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't open )local_variable($home)string(/.plan for writing.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(,) + delimiter(')string(The current time is )delimiter(') + operator(.) ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// fifolog - read and record log msgs from fifo) + +local_variable($fifo) operator(=) pre_type(null)operator(;) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(handle_alarm)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($fifo)operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\)) ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// move on to the next queued process) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGALRM)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_alarm)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// turn off alarm for blocking open) + local_variable($fifo) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/tmp/log)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(r)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($fifo) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(")string(can't open /tmp/log)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// you have 1 second to log) + + local_variable($service) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) comment(// interrupt or nothing logged) + local_variable($service) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($service)operator(\))operator(;) + + local_variable($message) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()local_variable($fifo)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($message) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) comment(// interrupt or nothing logged) + local_variable($message) operator(=) ident(rtrim)operator(()local_variable($message)operator(\))operator(;) + + ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// turn off alarms for message processing) + + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(==) delimiter(')string(http)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// ignoring) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($service) operator(==) delimiter(')string(login)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// log to /var/log/login) + local_variable($log) operator(=) ident(fopen)operator(()delimiter(')string(/var/log/login)delimiter(')operator(,) delimiter(')string(a)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($log) operator(!==) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()local_variable($log)operator(,) + ident(strftime)operator(()delimiter(')string(%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z)delimiter(')operator(\)) + operator(.) delimiter(")string( )local_variable($service)string( )local_variable($message)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(fclose)operator(()local_variable($log)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(trigger_error)operator(()delimiter(")string(Couldn't log )local_variable($service)string( )local_variable($message)string( to /var/log/login)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(,) + constant(E_USER_WARNING)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.12) +comment(// sharetest - test shared variables across forks) + +local_variable($SHM_KEY) operator(=) ident(ftok)operator(()pre_constant(__FILE__)operator(,) ident(chr)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($handle) operator(=) ident(sem_get)operator(()local_variable($SHM_KEY)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($buffer) operator(=) ident(shm_attach)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(,) integer(1024)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// The original recipe has an INT signal handler here. However, it) +comment(// causes erratic behavior with PHP, and PHP seems to do the right) +comment(// thing without it.) + +reserved(for) operator(()local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) local_variable($i) operator(<) integer(10)operator(;) local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($child) operator(=) ident(pcntl_fork)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($child) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(cannot fork)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(elseif) operator(()local_variable($child)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($kids)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($child)operator(;) comment(// in case we care about their pids) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + ident(squabble)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(exit)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(print) delimiter(')string(Buffer is )delimiter(') operator(.) ident(shm_get_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\)) operator(.) delimiter(")char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + ident(sleep)operator(()integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(Not reached)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(squabble)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($handle)operator(;) + pre_type(global) local_variable($buffer)operator(;) + local_variable($i) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(preg_match)operator(()delimiter(")string(/^)local_variable($pid)char(\\\\)string(b/)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(shm_get_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(\))operator(\))operator(\)) reserved(continue)operator(;) + ident(sem_acquire)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($i)operator(++)operator(;) + ident(shm_put_var)operator(()local_variable($buffer)operator(,) integer(1)operator(,) delimiter(")local_variable($pid)string( )local_variable($i)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(sem_release)operator(()local_variable($handle)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +comment(// Buffer is 14357 1) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 3) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 4) +comment(// Buffer is 14354 5) +comment(// Buffer is 14353 6) +comment(// Buffer is 14351 8) +comment(// Buffer is 14351 9) +comment(// Buffer is 14350 10) +comment(// Buffer is 14348 11) +comment(// Buffer is 14348 12) +comment(// Buffer is 14357 10) +comment(// Buffer is 14357 11) +comment(// Buffer is 14355 13) +comment(// ...) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.13) +comment(// Available signal constants) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(print_r(get_defined_constants(\)\);)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) delimiter(')string(\\)string([SIG)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) operator(-)ident(v) ident(_) + operator([)constant(SIGHUP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(1) + operator([)constant(SIGINT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(2) + operator([)constant(SIGQUIT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(3) + operator([)constant(SIGILL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(4) + operator([)constant(SIGTRAP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(5) + operator([)constant(SIGABRT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(6) + operator([)constant(SIGIOT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(6) + operator([)constant(SIGBUS)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(7) + operator([)constant(SIGFPE)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(8) + operator([)constant(SIGKILL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(9) + operator([)constant(SIGUSR1)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(10) + operator([)constant(SIGSEGV)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(11) + operator([)constant(SIGUSR2)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(12) + operator([)constant(SIGPIPE)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(13) + operator([)constant(SIGALRM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(14) + operator([)constant(SIGTERM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(15) + operator([)constant(SIGSTKFLT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(16) + operator([)constant(SIGCLD)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(17) + operator([)constant(SIGCHLD)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(17) + operator([)constant(SIGCONT)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(18) + operator([)constant(SIGSTOP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(19) + operator([)constant(SIGTSTP)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(20) + operator([)constant(SIGTTIN)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(21) + operator([)constant(SIGTTOU)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(22) + operator([)constant(SIGURG)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(23) + operator([)constant(SIGXCPU)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(24) + operator([)constant(SIGXFSZ)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(25) + operator([)constant(SIGVTALRM)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(26) + operator([)constant(SIGPROF)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(27) + operator([)constant(SIGWINCH)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(28) + operator([)constant(SIGPOLL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(29) + operator([)constant(SIGIO)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(29) + operator([)constant(SIGPWR)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(30) + operator([)constant(SIGSYS)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(31) + operator([)constant(SIGBABY)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(31) + +comment(// Predefined signal handler constants) +operator(%) ident(php) operator(-)ident(r) delimiter(')string(print_r(get_defined_constants(\)\);)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) delimiter(')string(\\)string([SIG)delimiter(') operator(|) ident(grep) ident(_) + operator([)constant(SIG_IGN)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(1) + operator([)constant(SIG_DFL)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(0) + operator([)constant(SIG_ERR)operator(]) operator(=>) integer(-1) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.14) +comment(// send pid a signal 9) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) integer(9)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send whole job a signal 1) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pgrp)operator(,) integer(-1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send myself a SIGUSR1) +ident(posix_kill)operator(()ident(getmypid)operator(()operator(\))operator(,) constant(SIGUSR1)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// send a SIGHUP to processes in pids) +reserved(foreach) operator(()local_variable($pids) reserved(as) local_variable($pid)operator(\)) ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($pid)operator(,) constant(SIGHUP)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +comment(// Use kill with pseudo-signal 0 to see if process is alive.) +reserved(if) operator(()ident(posix_kill)operator(()local_variable($minion)operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($minion)string( is alive!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")local_variable($minion)string( is deceased.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.15) +comment(// call got_sig_quit for every SIGQUIT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGQUIT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_quit)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// call got_sig_pipe for every SIGPIPE) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGPIPE)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_pipe)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// increment ouch for every SIGINT) +pre_type(function) ident(got_sig_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) pre_type(global) local_variable($ouch)operator(;) local_variable($ouch)operator(++)operator(;) operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_sig_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// ignore the signal INT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// restore default STOP signal handling) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGSTOP)operator(,) constant(SIG_DFL)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.16) +comment(// the signal handler) +pre_type(function) ident(ding)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x07Enter your name!)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// prompt for name, overriding SIGINT) +pre_type(function) ident(get_name)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(ding)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: )delimiter(")operator(;) + reserved(while) operator(()operator(!)operator(@)ident(stream_select)operator(()local_variable($read)operator(=)pre_type(array)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(,) + local_variable($write)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + local_variable($except)operator(=)pre_type(null)operator(,) + integer(1)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// allow signals to be observed) + operator(}) + local_variable($name) operator(=) ident(fgets)operator(()constant(STDIN)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Since pcntl_signal(\) doesn't return the old signal handler, the) + comment(// best we can do here is set it back to the default behavior.) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_DFL)operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(return) local_variable($name)operator(;) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.17) +pre_type(function) ident(got_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) comment(// but not for SIGCHLD!) + comment(// ...) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($interrupted) operator(=) pre_type(false)operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(got_int)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($interrupted)operator(;) + local_variable($interrupted) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(;) + comment(// The third argument to pcntl_signal(\) determines if system calls) + comment(// should be restarted after a signal. It defaults to true.) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(false)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// or SIG_IGN) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(got_int)delimiter(')operator(,) pre_type(false)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// ... long-running code that you don't want to restart) + +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($interrupted)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// deal with the signal) +operator(}) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.18) +comment(// ignore signal INT) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// install signal handler) +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(tsktsk)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + ident(fwrite)operator(()constant(STDERR)operator(,) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x07The long habit of living indisposeth us for dying.)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(tsktsk)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGINT)operator(,) delimiter(')string(tsktsk)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.19) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) constant(SIG_IGN)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()integer(-1)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(>) integer(0)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// ...) + ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + comment(// install *after* calling waitpid) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// -----------------------------) + +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +pre_type(function) ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($pid) operator(=) ident(pcntl_waitpid)operator(()integer(-1)operator(,) local_variable($status)operator(,) constant(WNOHANG)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($pid) operator(==) integer(-1)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// No child waiting. Ignore it.) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + reserved(if) operator(()ident(pcntl_wifexited)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(Process )local_variable($pid)string( exited.)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + pre_type(echo) delimiter(")string(False alarm on )local_variable($pid)char(\\n)delimiter(")operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(reaper)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGCHLD)operator(,) delimiter(')string(reaper)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.20) +comment(// PHP does not support sigprocmask(\).) + +comment(// @@PLEAC@@_16.21) +reserved(declare)operator(()ident(ticks) operator(=) integer(1)operator(\))operator(;) +local_variable($aborted) operator(=) pre_type(false)operator(;) + +pre_type(function) ident(handle_alarm)operator(()local_variable($signal)operator(\)) operator({) + pre_type(global) local_variable($aborted)operator(;) + local_variable($aborted) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(;) +operator(}) +ident(pcntl_signal)operator(()constant(SIGALRM)operator(,) delimiter(')string(handle_alarm)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(3600)operator(\))operator(;) +comment(// long-time operations here) +ident(pcntl_alarm)operator(()integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(if) operator(()local_variable($aborted)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// timed out - do what you will here) +operator(}) diff --git a/test/scanners/php/pleac.in.php b/test/scanners/php/pleac.in.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bd0300 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/pleac.in.php @@ -0,0 +1,5516 @@ +# -*- php -*- +# The examples are taken from the Perl Cookbook +# By Tom Christiansen & Nathan Torkington +# see http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook for more + +# @@PLEAC@@_NAME +# @@SKIP@@ PHP + +# @@PLEAC@@_WEB +# @@SKIP@@ http://php.net/ + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.0 +#----------------------------- +$string = '\n'; # two characters, \ and an n +$string = 'Jon \'Maddog\' Orwant'; # literal single quotes +$string = 'Jon "Maddog" Orwant'; # literal double quotes +#----------------------------- +$string = "\n"; # a "newline" character +$string = "Jon \"Maddog\" Orwant"; # literal double quotes +$string = "Jon 'Maddog' Orwant"; # literal single quotes +#----------------------------- +$a = +"This is a multiline +here document"; + +$a = <<<EOF +This is a multiline here document +terminated by EOF on a line by itself +EOF; +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.1 +#----------------------------- +$value = substr($string, $offset, $count); +$value = substr($string, $offset); + +$string = substr_replace($string, $newstring, $offset, $count); +$string = substr_replace($string, $newtail, $offset); +#----------------------------- +# get a 5-byte string, skip 3, then grab 2 8-byte strings, then the rest +list($leading, $s1, $s2, $trailing) = + array_values(unpack("A5a/x3/A8b/A8c/A*d", $data); + +# split at five byte boundaries +preg_match_all ("/.{5}/", $data, $f, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER); +$fivers = $f[0]; + +# chop string into individual characters +$chars = $string; +#----------------------------- +$string = "This is what you have"; +# +012345678901234567890 Indexing forwards (left to right) +# 109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left) +# note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above + +$first = substr($string, 0, 1); # "T" +$start = substr($string, 5, 2); # "is" +$rest = substr($string, 13); # "you have" +$last = substr($string, -1); # "e" +$end = substr($string, -4); # "have" +$piece = substr($string, -8, 3); # "you" +#----------------------------- +$string = "This is what you have"; +print $string; +#This is what you have + +$string = substr_replace($string, "wasn't", 5, 2); # change "is" to "wasn't" +#This wasn't what you have + +$string = substr_replace($string, "ondrous", -12); # "This wasn't wondrous" +#This wasn't wondrous + +$string = substr_replace($string, "", 0, 1); # delete first character +#his wasn't wondrous + +$string = substr_replace($string, "", -10); # delete last 10 characters +#his wasn' +#----------------------------- +if (preg_match("/pattern/", substr($string, -10)) { + print "Pattern matches in last 10 characters\n"; +} + +# substitute "at" for "is", restricted to first five characters +$string=(substr_replace(preg_replace("/is/", "at", substr($string,0,5)),0,5); +#----------------------------- +# exchange the first and last letters in a string +$a = "make a hat"; +list($a[0], $a[strlen($a)-1]) = Array(substr($a,-1), substr($a,0,1)); +print $a; + +#----------------------------- +# extract column with unpack +$a = "To be or not to be"; +$b = unpack("x6/A6a", $a); # skip 6, grab 6 +print $b['a']; + + +$b = unpack("x6/A2b/X5/A2c", $a); # forward 6, grab 2; backward 5, grab 2 +print $b['b']."\n".$b['c']."\n"; + +#----------------------------- +function cut2fmt() { + $positions = func_get_args(); + $template = ''; + $lastpos = 1; + foreach($positions as $place) { + $template .= "A" . ($place - $lastpos) . " "; + $lastpos = $place; + } + $template .= "A*"; + return $template; +} + +$fmt = cut2fmt(8, 14, 20, 26, 30); +print "$fmt\n"; +#A7 A6 A6 A6 A4 A* +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.2 +#----------------------------- +# use $b if $b is true, else $c +$a = $b?$b:$c; + +# set $x to $y unless $x is already true +$x || $x=$y; +#----------------------------- +# use $b if $b is defined, else $c +$a = defined($b) ? $b : $c; +#----------------------------- +$foo = $bar || $foo = "DEFAULT VALUE"; +#----------------------------- +$dir = array_shift($_SERVER['argv']) || $dir = "/tmp"; +#----------------------------- +$dir = $_SERVER['argv'][0] || $dir = "/tmp"; +#----------------------------- +$dir = defined($_SERVER['argv'][0]) ? array_shift($_SERVER['argv']) : "/tmp"; +#----------------------------- +$dir = count($_SERVER['argv']) ? $_SERVER['argv'][0] : "/tmp"; +#----------------------------- +$count[$shell?$shell:"/bin/sh"]++; +#----------------------------- +# find the user name on Unix systems +$user = $_ENV['USER'] + || $user = $_ENV['LOGNAME'] + || $user = posix_getlogin() + || $user = posix_getpwuid(posix_getuid())[0] + || $user = "Unknown uid number $<"; +#----------------------------- +$starting_point || $starting_point = "Greenwich"; +#----------------------------- +count($a) || $a = $b; # copy only if empty +$a = count($b) ? $b : $c; # assign @b if nonempty, else @c +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.3 +#----------------------------- +list($VAR1, $VAR2) = array($VAR2, $VAR1); +#----------------------------- +$temp = $a; +$a = $b; +$b = $temp; +#----------------------------- +$a = "alpha"; +$b = "omega"; +list($a, $b) = array($b, $a); # the first shall be last -- and versa vice +#----------------------------- +list($alpha, $beta, $production) = Array("January","March","August"); +# move beta to alpha, +# move production to beta, +# move alpha to production +list($alpha, $beta, $production) = array($beta, $production, $alpha); +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.4 +#----------------------------- +$num = ord($char); +$char = chr($num); +#----------------------------- +$char = sprintf("%c", $num); # slower than chr($num) +printf("Number %d is character %c\n", $num, $num); +#----------------------------- +$ASCII = unpack("C*", $string); +eval('$STRING = pack("C*", '.implode(',',$ASCII).');'); +#----------------------------- +$ascii_value = ord("e"); # now 101 +$character = chr(101); # now "e" +#----------------------------- +printf("Number %d is character %c\n", 101, 101); +#----------------------------- +$ascii_character_numbers = unpack("C*", "sample"); +print explode(" ",$ascii_character_numbers)."\n"; + +eval('$word = pack("C*", '.implode(',',$ascii_character_numbers).');'); +$word = pack("C*", 115, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101); # same +print "$word\n"; +#----------------------------- +$hal = "HAL"; +$ascii = unpack("C*", $hal); +foreach ($ascii as $val) { + $val++; # add one to each ASCII value +} +eval('$ibm = pack("C*", '.implode(',',$ascii).');'); +print "$ibm\n"; # prints "IBM" +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.5 +#----------------------------- +// using perl regexp +$array = preg_split('//', $string ,-1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); +// using PHP function: $array = str_split($string); + +// Cannot use unpack with a format of 'U*' in PHP. +#----------------------------- +for ($offset = 0; preg_match('/(.)/', $string, $matches, 0, $offset) > 0; $offset++) { + // $matches[1] has charcter, ord($matches[1]) its number +} +#----------------------------- +$seen = array(); +$string = "an apple a day"; +foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { + $seen[$char] = 1; +} +$keys = array_keys($seen); +sort($keys); +print "unique chars are: " . implode('', $keys)) . "\n"; +unique chars are: adelnpy +#----------------------------- +$seen = array(); +$string = "an apple a day"; +for ($offset = 0; preg_match('/(.)/', $string, $matches, 0, $offset) > 0; $offset++) { + $seen[$matches[1]] = 1; +} +$keys = array_keys($seen); +sort($keys); +print "unique chars are: " . implode('', $keys) . "\n"; +unique chars are: adelnpy +#----------------------------- +$sum = 0; +foreach (unpack("C*", $string) as $byteval) { + $sum += $byteval; +} +print "sum is $sum\n"; +// prints "1248" if $string was "an apple a day" +#----------------------------- +$sum = array_sum(unpack("C*", $string)); +#----------------------------- + +// sum - compute 16-bit checksum of all input files +$handle = @fopen($argv[1], 'r'); +$checksum = 0; +while (!feof($handle)) { + $checksum += (array_sum(unpack("C*", fgets($handle)))); +} +$checksum %= pow(2,16) - 1; +print "$checksum\n"; + +# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/slowcat.php +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.6 +#----------------------------- +$revchars = strrev($string); +#----------------------------- +$revwords = implode(" ", array_reverse(explode(" ", $string))); +#----------------------------- +// reverse word order +$string = 'Yoda said, "can you see this?"'; +$allwords = explode(" ", $string); +$revwords = implode(" ", array_reverse($allwords)); +print $revwords . "\n"; +this?" see you "can said, Yoda +#----------------------------- +$revwords = implode(" ", array_reverse(explode(" ", $string))); +#----------------------------- +$revwords = implode(" ", array_reverse(preg_split("/(\s+)/", $string))); +#----------------------------- +$word = "reviver"; +$is_palindrome = ($word === strrev($word)); +#----------------------------- +// quite a one-liner since "php" does not have a -n switch +% php -r 'while (!feof(STDIN)) { $word = rtrim(fgets(STDIN)); if ($word == strrev($word) && strlen($word) > 5) print $word; }' < /usr/dict/words +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.8 +#----------------------------- +$text = preg_replace('/\$(\w+)/e', '$$1', $text); +#----------------------------- +list($rows, $cols) = Array(24, 80); +$text = 'I am $rows high and $cols long'; +$text = preg_replace('/\$(\w+)/e', '$$1', $text); +print $text; + +#----------------------------- +$text = "I am 17 years old"; +$text = preg_replace('/(\d+)/e', '2*$1', $text); +#----------------------------- +# expand variables in $text, but put an error message in +# if the variable isn't defined +$text = preg_replace('/\$(\w+)/e','isset($$1)?$$1:\'[NO VARIABLE: $$1]\'', $text); +#----------------------------- + +// As PHP arrays are used as hashes too, separation of section 4 +// and section 5 makes little sense. + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.9 +#----------------------------- +$big = strtoupper($little); +$little = strtolower($big); +// PHP does not have the\L and\U string escapes. +#----------------------------- +$big = ucfirst($little); +$little = strtolower(substr($big, 0, 1)) . substr($big, 1); +#----------------------------- +$beast = "dromedary"; +// capitalize various parts of $beast +$capit = ucfirst($beast); // Dromedar +// PHP does not have the\L and\U string escapes. +$capall = strtoupper($beast); // DROMEDAR +// PHP does not have the\L and\U string escapes. +$caprest = strtolower(substr($beast, 0, 1)) . substr(strtoupper($beast), 1); // dROMEDAR +// PHP does not have the\L and\U string escapes. +#----------------------------- +// titlecase each word's first character, lowercase the rest +$text = "thIS is a loNG liNE"; +$text = ucwords(strtolower($text)); +print $text; +This Is A Long Line +#----------------------------- +if (strtoupper($a) == strtoupper($b)) { // or strcasecmp($a, $b) == 0 + print "a and b are the same\n"; +} +#----------------------------- +# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/randcap.php + +// % php randcap.php < genesis | head -9 +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.10 +#----------------------------- +echo $var1 . func() . $var2; // scalar only +#----------------------------- +// PHP can only handle variable expression without operators +$answer = "STRING ${[ VAR EXPR ]} MORE STRING"; +#----------------------------- +$phrase = "I have " . ($n + 1) . " guanacos."; +// PHP cannot handle the complex exression: ${\($n + 1)} +#----------------------------- +// Rest of Discussion is not applicable to PHP +#----------------------------- +// Interpolating functions not available in PHP +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.11 +# @@INCOMPLETE@@ +# @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.12 +#----------------------------- +$output = wordwrap($str, $width, $break, $cut); +#----------------------------- +# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/wrapdemo.php +#----------------------------- +// merge multiple lines into one, then wrap one long line +print wordwrap(str_replace("\n", " ", file_get_contents('php://stdin'))); +#----------------------------- +while(!feof(STDIN)) { + print wordwrap(str_replace("\n", " ", stream_get_line(STDIN, 0, "\n\n"))); + print "\n\n"; +} +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.13 +#----------------------------- +//backslash +$var = preg_replace('/([CHARLIST])/', '\\\$1', $var); +// double +$var = preg_replace('/([CHARLIST])/', '$1$1', $var); +#----------------------------- +$var = preg_replace('/%/', '%%', $var); +#----------------------------- +$string = 'Mom said, "Don\'t do that."'; +$string = preg_replace('/([\'"])/', '\\\$1', $string); +// in PHP you can also use the addslashes() function +#----------------------------- +$string = 'Mom said, "Don\'t do that."'; +$string = preg_replace('/([\'"])/', '$1$1', $string); +#----------------------------- +$string = preg_replace('/([^A-Z])/', '\\\$1', $string); +#----------------------------- +// PHP does not have the \Q and \E string metacharacters +$string = "this is\\ a\\ test\\!"; +// PHP's quotemeta() function is not the same as perl's quotemeta() function +$string = preg_replace('/(\W)/', '\\\$1', 'is a test!'); +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.14 +#----------------------------- +$string = trim($string); +#----------------------------- +// print what's typed, but surrounded by > < symbols +while (!feof(STDIN)) { + print ">" . substr(fgets(STDIN), 0, -1) . "<\n"; +} +#----------------------------- +$string = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $string); // finally, collapse middle +#----------------------------- +$string = trim($string); +$string = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $string); +#----------------------------- +// 1. trim leading and trailing white space +// 2. collapse internal whitespace to single space each +function sub_trim($string) { + $string = trim($string); + $string = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $string); + return $string; +} +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.15 +# @@INCOMPLETE@@ +# @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.16 +#----------------------------- +$code = soundex($string); +#----------------------------- +$phoned_words = metaphone("Schwern"); +#----------------------------- +// substitution function for getpwent(): +// returns an array of user entries, +// each entry contains the username and the full name +function getpwent() { + $pwents = array(); + $handle = fopen("passwd", "r"); + while (!feof($handle)) { + $line = fgets($handle); + if (preg_match("/^#/", $line)) continue; + $cols = explode(":", $line); + $pwents[$cols[0]] = $cols[4]; + } + return $pwents; +} + +print "Lookup user: "; +$user = rtrim(fgets(STDIN)); +if (empty($user)) exit; +$name_code = soundex($user); +$pwents = getpwent(); +foreach($pwents as $username => $fullname) { + preg_match("/(\w+)[^,]*\b(\w+)/", $fullname, $matches); + list(, $firstname, $lastname) = $matches; + + if ($name_code == soundex($username) || + $name_code == soundex($lastname) || + $name_code == soundex($firstname)) + { + printf("%s: %s %s\n", $username, $firstname, $lastname); + } +} +#----------------------------- + +# @@PLEAC@@_1.17 +#----------------------------- +# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle.php +#----------------------------- +# @@INCLUDE@@ include/php/fixstyle2.php +#----------------------------- +// very fast, but whitespace collapse +while (!feof($input)) { + $i = 0; + preg_match("/^(\s*)(.*)/", fgets($input), $matches); // emit leading whitespace + fwrite($output, $matches[1]); + foreach (preg_split("/(\s+)/", $matches[2]) as $token) { // preserve trailing whitespace + fwrite($output, (array_key_exists($token, $config) ? $config[$token] : $token) . " "); + } + fwrite($output, "\n"); +} +#----------------------------- + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.0 +// As is the case under so many other languages floating point use under PHP is fraught +// with dangers. Although the basic techniques shown below are valid, please refer to +// the official PHP documentation for known issues, bugs, and alternate approaches + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.1 +// Two basic approaches to numeric validation: +// * Built-in functions like 'is_numeric', 'is_int', 'is_float' etc +// * Regexes, as shown below + +$s = '12.345'; + +preg_match('/\D/', $s) && die("has nondigits\n"); +preg_match('/^\d+$/', $s) || die("not a natural number\n"); +preg_match('/^-?\d+$/', $s) || die("not an integer\n"); +preg_match('/^[+-]?\d+$/', $s) || die("not an integer\n"); +preg_match('/^-?\d+\.?\d*$/', $s) || die("not a decimal\n"); +preg_match('/^-?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)$/', $s) || die("not a decimal\n"); +preg_match('/^([+-]?)(?=\d|\.\d)\d*(\.\d*)?([Ee]([+-]?\d+))?$/', $s) || die("not a C float\n"); + +// ---------------------------- + +function getnum($s) +{ + sscanf($s, "%D", $number); return isset($number) ? $number : 0; +} + +echo getnum(123) . "\n"; // ok +echo getnum(0xff) . "\n"; // .. +echo getnum(044) . "\n"; // .. + +echo getnum('x') . "\n"; // fail + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.2 +// In PHP floating point comparisions are 'safe' [meaning the '==' comparison operator +// can be used] as long as the value consists of 14 digits or less [total digits, either +// side of the decimal point e.g. xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx., .xxxxxxxxxxxxxx]. If +// values with more digits must be compared, then: +// +// * Represent as strings, and take care to avoid any implicit conversions e.g. don't pass +// a float as a float to a function and expect all digits to be retained - they won't be - +// then use 'strcmp' to compare the strings +// +// * Avoid float use; perhaps use arbitrary precision arithmetic. In this case, the +// 'bccomp' function is relevant + +// Will work as long as each floating point value is 14 digits or less +if ($float_1 == $float_2) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// Compare as strings +$cmp = strcmp('123456789.123456789123456789', '123456789.123456789123456788'); + +// Use 'bccomp' +$precision = 5; // Number of significant comparison digits after decimal point +if (bccomp('1.111117', '1.111116', $precision)) +{ + ; // ... +} + +$precision = 6; +if (bccomp('1.111117', '1.111116', $precision)) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$wage = 536; +$week = $wage * 40; +printf("One week's wage is: $%.2f\n", $week / 100); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.3 +// Preferred approach +$rounded = round($unrounded, $precision); + +// Possible alternate approach +$format = '%[width].[prec]f'; +$rounded = sprintf($format, $unrounded); + +// ------------ + +$a = 0.255; $b = round($a, 2); +echo "Unrounded: {$a}\nRounded: {$b}\n"; + +$a = 0.255; $b = sprintf('%.2f', $a); +echo "Unrounded: {$a}\nRounded: {$b}\n"; + +$a = 0.255; +printf("Unrounded: %.f\nRounded: %.2f\n", $a, $a); + +// ---------------------------- + +echo "number\tint\tfloor\tceil\n"; + +foreach(array(3.3, 3.5, 3.7, -3.3) as $number) +{ + printf("%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n", $number, (int) $number, floor($number), ceil($number)); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.4 +// PHP offers the 'bindec' and 'decbin' functions to converting between binary and decimal + +$num = bindec('0110110'); + +$binstr = decbin(54); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.5 +foreach (range($X, $Y) as $i) +{ + ; // ... +} + +foreach (range($X, $Y, 7) as $i) +{ + ; // ... +} + +for ($i = $X; $i <= $Y; $i++) +{ + ; // ... +} + +for ($i = $X; $i <= $Y; $i += 7) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +echo 'Infancy is:'; foreach(range(0, 2) as $i) echo " {$i}\n"; +echo 'Toddling is:'; foreach(range(3, 4) as $i) echo " {$i}\n"; +echo 'Childhood is:'; foreach(range(5, 12) as $i) echo " {$i}\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.6 +// PHP offers no native support for Roman Numerals. However, a 'Numbers_Roman' class +// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Numbers_Roman]. +// Note the following 'include' directives are required: +// +// include_once('Numbers/Roman.php'); + +$roman = Numbers_Roman::toNumeral($arabic); +$arabic = Numbers_Roman::toNumber($roman); + +// ---------------------------- + +$roman_fifteen = Numbers_Roman::toNumeral(15); + +$arabic_fifteen = Numbers_Roman::toNumber($roman_fifteen); + +printf("Roman for fifteen is: %s\n", $roman_fifteen); +printf("Arabic for fifteen is: %d\n", $arabic_fifteen); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.7 +// Techniques used here simply mirror Perl examples, and are not an endorsement +// of any particular RNG technique + +// In PHP do this ... +$random = rand($lowerbound, $upperbound); +$random = rand($x, $y); + +// ---------------------------- + +function make_password($chars, $reqlen) +{ + $len = strlen($chars); + for ($i = 0; $i < $reqlen; $i++) $password .= substr($chars, rand(0, $len), 1); + return $password; +} + +$chars = 'ABCDEfghijKLMNOpqrstUVWXYz'; $reqlen = 8; + +$password = make_password($chars, $reqlen); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.8 +// PHP sports a large number of C Standard Library routines including the 'srand' +// function, used to re-seed the RNG used with calls to the 'rand' function. Thus, +// as per Perl example: + +while (TRUE) +{ + $seed = (int) fgets(STDIN); + if (!empty($seed)) break; +} + +srand($seed); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.9 +// The above is considered - for many reasons - a poor way of seeding the RNG. PHP +// also offers alternate versions of the functions, 'mt_srand' and 'mt_rand', +// which are described as faster, and more 'random', though key to obtaining a +// more 'random' distribution of generated numbers seems to be through using +// a combination of a previously saved random value in combination with an +// unrepeatable value [like the current time in microseconds] that is multiplied +// by a large prime number, or perhaps as part of a hash [examples available in +// PHP documentation for 'srand' and 'mt_srand'] + +mt_srand($saved_random_value + microtime() * 1000003); + +// or + +mt_srand(($saved_random_value + hexdec(substr(md5(microtime()), -8))) & 0x7fffffff); + +// Use of 'mt_rand' together with an appropriate seeding approach should help better +// approximate the generation of a 'truly random value' +$truly_random_value = mt_rand(); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.10 +function random() { return (float) rand() / (float) getrandmax(); } + +function gaussian_rand() +{ + $u1 = 0.0; $u2 = 0.0; $g1 = 0.0; $g2 = 0.0; $w = 0.0; + + do + { + $u1 = 2.0 * random() - 1.0; $u2 = 2.0 * random() - 1.0; + $w = $u1 * $u1 + $u2 * $u2; + } while ($w > 1.0); + + $w = sqrt((-2.0 * log($w)) / $w); $g2 = $u1 * $w; $g1 = $u2 * $w; + + return $g1; +} + +// ------------ + +$mean = 25.0; $sdev = 2.0; +$salary = gaussian_rand() * $mean + $sdev; + +printf("You have been hired at: %.2f\n", $salary); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.11 +// 'deg2rad' and 'rad2deg' are actually PHP built-ins, but here is how you might implement +/ them if needed +function deg2rad_($deg) { return ($deg / 180.0) * M_PI; } +function rad2deg_($rad) { return ($rad / M_PI) * 180.0; } + +// ------------ + +printf("%f\n", deg2rad_(180.0)); +printf("%f\n", deg2rad(180.0)); + +// ---------------------------- + +function degree_sin($deg) { return sin(deg2rad($deg)); } + +// ------------ + +$rad = deg2rad(380.0); + +printf("%f\n", sin($rad)); +printf("%f\n", degree_sin(380.0)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.12 +function my_tan($theta) { return sin($theta) / cos($theta); } + +// ------------ + +$theta = 3.7; + +printf("%f\n", my_tan($theta)); +printf("%f\n", tan($theta)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.13 +$value = 100.0; + +$log_e = log($value); +$log_10 = log10($value); + +// ---------------------------- + +function log_base($base, $value) { return log($value) / log($base); } + +// ------------ + +$answer = log_base(10.0, 10000.0); + +printf("log(10, 10,000) = %f\n", $answer); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.14 +// PHP offers no native support for matrices. However, a 'Math_Matrix' class +// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Matrix]. +// Note the following 'include' directives are required: +// +// include_once('Math/Matrix.php'); + +$a = new Math_Matrix(array(array(3, 2, 3), array(5, 9, 8))); +$b = new Math_Matrix(array(array(4, 7), array(9, 3), array(8, 1))); + +echo $a->toString() . "\n"; +echo $b->toString() . "\n"; + +// NOTE: When I installed this package I had to rename the 'clone' method else +// it would not load, so I chose to rename it to 'clone_', and this usage is +// shown below. This bug may well be fixed by the time you obtain this package + +$c = $a->clone_(); +$c->multiply($b); + +echo $c->toString() . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.15 +// PHP offers no native support for complex numbers. However, a 'Math_Complex' class +// is available for download from PEAR: [http://pear.php.net/package/Math_Complex]. +// Note the following 'include' directives are required: +// +// include_once('Math/Complex.php'); +// include_once('Math/TrigOp.php'); +// include_once('Math/ComplexOp.php'); + +$a = new Math_Complex(3, 5); +$b = new Math_Complex(2, -2); + +$c = Math_ComplexOp::mult($a, $b); + +echo $c->toString() . "\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +$d = new Math_Complex(3, 4); +$r = Math_ComplexOp::sqrt($d); + +echo $r->toString() . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.16 +// Like C, PHP supports decimal-alternate notations. Thus, for example, the integer +// value, 867, is expressable in literal form as: +// +// Hexadecimal -> 0x363 +// Octal -> 01543 +// +// For effecting such conversions using strings there is 'sprintf' and 'sscanf'. + +$dec = 867; +$hex = sprintf('%x', $dec); +$oct = sprintf('%o', $dec); + +// ------------ + +$dec = 0; +$hex = '363'; + +sscanf($hex, '%x', $dec); + +// ------------ + +$dec = 0; +$oct = '1543'; + +sscanf($oct, '%o', $dec); + +// ---------------------------- + +$number = 0; + +printf('Gimme a number in decimal, octal, or hex: '); +sscanf(fgets(STDIN), '%D', $number); + +printf("%d %x %o\n", $number, $number, $number); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.17 +// PHP offers the 'number_format' built-in function to, among many other format tasks, +// commify numbers. Perl-compatible [as well as extended] regexes are also available + +function commify_series($s) { return number_format($s, 0, '', ','); } + +// ------------ + +$hits = 3456789; + +printf("Your website received %s accesses last month\n", commify_series($hits)); + +// ---------------------------- + +function commify($s) +{ + return strrev(preg_replace('/(\d\d\d)(?=\d)(?!\d*\.)/', '${1},', strrev($s))); +} + +// ------------ + +$hits = 3456789; + +echo commify(sprintf("Your website received %d accesses last month\n", $hits)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.18 +function pluralise($value, $root, $singular='' , $plural='s') +{ + return $root . (($value > 1) ? $plural : $singular); +} + +// ------------ + +$duration = 1; +printf("It took %d %s\n", $duration, pluralise($duration, 'hour')); +printf("%d %s %s enough.\n", $duration, pluralise($duration, 'hour'), + pluralise($duration, '', 'is', 'are')); + +$duration = 5; +printf("It took %d %s\n", $duration, pluralise($duration, 'hour')); +printf("%d %s %s enough.\n", $duration, pluralise($duration, 'hour'), + pluralise($duration, '', 'is', 'are')); + +// ---------------------------- + +function plural($singular) +{ + $s2p = array('/ss$/' => 'sses', '/([psc]h)$/' => '${1}es', '/z$/' => 'zes', + '/ff$/' => 'ffs', '/f$/' => 'ves', '/ey$/' => 'eys', + '/y$/' => 'ies', '/ix$/' => 'ices', '/([sx])$/' => '$1es', + '$' => 's'); + + foreach($s2p as $s => $p) + { + if (preg_match($s, $singular)) return preg_replace($s, $p, $singular); + } +} + +// ------------ + +foreach(array('mess', 'index', 'leaf', 'puppy') as $word) +{ + printf("%6s -> %s\n", $word, plural($word)); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_2.19 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.0 +// PHP's date / time suport is quite extensive, and appears grouped into three areas of +// functionality: +// +// * UNIX / C Library [libc]-based routines, which include [among others]: +// - localtime, gmtime +// - strftime, strptime, mktime +// - time, getdate, gettimeofday, +// +// * PHP 'native' functions, those date / time routines released in earlier versions, +// and which otherwise provide 'convenience' functionality; these include: +// - date +// - strtotime +// +// * 'DateTime' class-based. This facility appears [according to the PHP documentation] +// to be extremely new / experimental, so whilst usage examples will be provided, they +// should not be taken to be 'official' examples, and obviously, subject to change. +// My own impression is that this facility is currently only partially implemented, +// so there is limited use for these functions. The functions included in this group +// are some of the 'date_'-prefixed functions; they are, however, not used standalone, +// but as methods in conjunction with an object. Typical usage: +// +// $today = new DateTime(); // actually calls: date_create($today, ...); +// echo $today->format('U') . "\n"; // actually calls: date_format($today, ...); +// +// Also worth mentioning is the PEAR [PHP Extension and Repository] package, 'Calendar', +// which offers a rich set of date / time manipulation facilities. However, since it is +// not currently shipped with PHP, no examples appear + +// Helper functions for performing date arithmetic + +function dateOffset() +{ + static $tbl = array('sec' => 1, 'min' => 60, 'hou' => 3600, 'day' => 86400, 'wee' => 604800); + $delta = 0; + + foreach (func_get_args() as $arg) + { + $kv = explode('=', $arg); + $delta += $kv[1] * $tbl[strtolower(substr($kv[0], 0, 3))]; + } + + return $delta; +} + +function dateInterval($intvltype, $timevalue) +{ + static $tbl = array('sec' => 1, 'min' => 60, 'hou' => 3600, 'day' => 86400, 'wee' => 604800); + return (int) round($timevalue / $tbl[strtolower(substr($intvltype, 0, 3))]); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// Extract indexed array from 'getdate' +$today = getdate(); +printf("Today is day %d of the current year\n", $today['yday']); + +// Extract indexed, and associative arrays, respectively, from 'localtime' +$today = localtime(); +printf("Today is day %d of the current year\n", $today[7]); + +$today = localtime(time(), TRUE); +printf("Today is day %d of the current year\n", $today['tm_yday']); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.1 +define(SEP, '-'); + +// ------------ + +$today = getdate(); + +$day = $today['mday']; +$month = $today['mon']; +$year = $today['year']; + +// Either do this to use interpolation: +$sep = SEP; +echo "Current date is: {$year}{$sep}{$month}{$sep}{$day}\n"; + +// or simply concatenate: +echo 'Current date is: ' . $year . SEP . $month . SEP . $day . "\n"; + +// ------------ + +$today = localtime(time(), TRUE); + +$day = $today['tm_mday']; +$month = $today['tm_mon'] + 1; +$year = $today['tm_year'] + 1900; + +printf("Current date is: %4d%s%2d%s%2d\n", $year, SEP, $month, SEP, $day); + +// ------------ + +$format = 'Y' . SEP . 'n' . SEP . 'd'; + +$today = date($format); + +echo "Current date is: {$today}\n"; + +// ------------ + +$sep = SEP; + +$today = strftime("%Y$sep%m$sep%d"); + +echo "Current date is: {$today}\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.2 +$timestamp = mktime($hour, $min, $sec, $month, $day, $year); + +$timestamp = gmmktime($hour, $min, $sec, $month, $day, $year); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.3 +$dmyhms = getdate(); // timestamp: current date / time + +$dmyhms = getdate($timestamp); // timestamp: arbitrary + +$day = $dmyhms['mday']; +$month = $dmyhms['mon']; +$year = $dmyhms['year']; + +$hours = $dmyhms['hours']; +$minutes = $dmyhms['minutes']; +$seconds = $dmyhms['seconds']; + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.4 +// Date arithmetic is probably most easily performed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch +// Seconds]. Dates - in whatever form - are converted to timestamps, these are +// arithmetically manipulated, and the result converted to whatever form required. +// Note: use 'mktime' to create timestamps properly adjusted for daylight saving; whilst +// 'strtotime' is more convenient to use, it does not, AFAIK, include this adjustment + +$when = $now + $difference; +$then = $now - $difference; + +// ------------ + +$now = mktime(0, 0, 0, 8, 6, 2003); + +$diff1 = dateOffset('day=1'); $diff2 = dateOffset('weeks=2'); + +echo 'Today is: ' . date('Y-m-d', $now) . "\n"; +echo 'One day in the future is: ' . date('Y-m-d', $now + $diff1) . "\n"; +echo 'Two weeks in the past is: ' . date('Y-m-d', $now - $diff2) . "\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +// Date arithmetic performed using a custom function, 'dateOffset'. Internally, offset may +// be computed in one of several ways: +// * Direct timestamp manipulation - fastest, but no daylight saving adjustment +// * Via 'date' built-in function - slower [?], needs a base time from which to +// compute values, but has daylight saving adjustment +// * Via 'strtotime' built-in function - as for 'date' +// * Via 'DateTime' class +// +// Approach used here is to utilise direct timestamp manipulation in 'dateOffset' [it's +// performance can also be improved by replacing $tbl with a global definition etc], +// and to illustrate how the other approaches might be used + +// 1. 'dateOffset' + +$birthtime = mktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 1973); + +$interval = dateOffset('day=55', 'hours=2', 'min=17', 'sec=5'); + +$then = $birthtime + $interval; + +printf("Birthtime is: %s\nthen is: %s\n", date(DATE_RFC1123, $birthtime), date(DATE_RFC1123, $then)); + +// ------------ + +// 2. 'date' + +// Base values, and offsets, respectively +$hr = 3; $min = 45; $sec = 50; $mon = 1; $day = 18; $year = 1973; + +$yroff = 0; $monoff = 0; $dayoff = 55; $hroff = 2; $minoff = 17; $secoff = 5; + +// Base date +$birthtime = mktime($hr, $min, $sec, $mon, $day, $year, TRUE); + +$year = date('Y', $birthtime) + $yroff; +$mon = date('m', $birthtime) + $monoff; +$day = date('d', $birthtime) + $dayoff; + +$hr = date('H', $birthtime) + $hroff; +$min = date('i', $birthtime) + $minoff; +$sec = date('s', $birthtime) + $secoff; + +// Offset date +$then = mktime($hr, $min, $sec, $mon, $day, $year, TRUE); + +printf("Birthtime is: %s\nthen is: %s\n", date(DATE_RFC1123, $birthtime), date(DATE_RFC1123, $then)); + +// ------------ + +// 3. 'strtotime' + +// Generate timestamp whatever way is preferable +$birthtime = mktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 1973); +$birthtime = strtotime('1/18/1973 03:45:50'); + +$then = strtotime('+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds', $birthtime); + +printf("Birthtime is: %s\nthen is: %s\n", date(DATE_RFC1123, $birthtime), date(DATE_RFC1123, $then)); + +// ------------ + +// 4. 'DateTime' class + +$birthtime = new DateTime('1/18/1973 03:45:50'); +$then = new DateTime('1/18/1973 03:45:50'); +$then->modify('+55 days 2 hours 17 minutes 2 seconds'); + +printf("Birthtime is: %s\nthen is: %s\n", $birthtime->format(DATE_RFC1123), $then->format(DATE_RFC1123)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.5 +// Date intervals are most easily computed using timestamps [i.e. *NIX Epoch +// Seconds] which, of course, gives the interval result is seconds from which +// all other interval measures [days, weeks, months, years] may be derived. +// Refer to previous section for discussion of daylight saving and other related +// problems + +$interval_seconds = $recent - $earlier; + +// ---------------------------- + +// Conventional approach ... +$bree = strtotime('16 Jun 1981, 4:35:25'); +$nat = strtotime('18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50'); + +// ... or, with daylight saving adjustment +$bree = mktime(4, 35, 25, 6, 16, 1981, TRUE); +$nat = mktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 1973, TRUE); + +$difference = $bree - $nat; + +// 'dateInterval' custom function computes intervals in several measures given an +// interval in seconds. Note, 'month' and 'year' measures not provided +printf("There were %d seconds between Nat and Bree\n", $difference); +printf("There were %d weeks between Nat and Bree\n", dateInterval('weeks', $difference)); +printf("There were %d days between Nat and Bree\n", dateInterval('days', $difference)); +printf("There were %d hours between Nat and Bree\n", dateInterval('hours', $difference)); +printf("There were %d minutes between Nat and Bree\n", dateInterval('mins', $difference)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.6 +// 'getdate' accepts a timestamp [or implicitly calls 'time'] and returns an array of +// date components. It returns much the same information as 'strptime' except that +// the component names are different + +$today = getdate(); + +$weekday = $today['wday']; +$monthday = $today['mday']; +$yearday = $today['yday']; + +$weeknumber = (int) round($yearday / 7.0); + +// Safter method of obtaining week number +$weeknumber = strftime('%U') + 1; + +// ---------------------------- + +define(SEP, '/'); + +$day = 16; +$month = 6; +$year = 1981; + +$timestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year); + +$date = getdate($timestamp); + +$weekday = $date['wday']; +$monthday = $date['mday']; +$yearday = $date['yday']; + +$weeknumber = (int) round($yearday / 7.0); + +$weeknumber = strftime('%U', $timestamp) + 1; + +// Interpolate ... +$sep = SEP; +echo "{$month}{$sep}{$day}{$sep}{$year} was a {$date['weekday']} in week {$weeknumber}\n"; + +// ... or, concatenate +echo $month . SEP . $day . SEP . $year . ' was a ' . $date['weekday'] + . ' in week ' . $weeknumber . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.7 +// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression by attempting a 'best guess' at +// the format, and either fails, or generates a timestamp. Timestamp could be fed +// into any one of the various functions; example: +$timestamp = strtotime('1998-06-03'); echo strftime('%Y-%m-%d', $timestamp) . "\n"; + +// 'strptime' parses a textual date expression according to a specified format, +// and returns an array of date components; components can be easily dumped +print_r(strptime('1998-06-03', '%Y-%m-%d')); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Parse date string according to format +$darr = strptime('1998-06-03', '%Y-%m-%d'); + +if (!empty($darr)) +{ + // Show date components in 'debug' form + print_r($darr); + + // Check whether there was a parse error i.e. one or more components could not + // be extracted from the string + if (empty($darr['unparsed'])) + { + // Properly parsed date, so validate required components using, 'checkdate' + if (checkdate($darr['tm_mon'] + 1, $darr['tm_mday'], $darr['tm_year'] + 1900)) + echo "Parsed date verified as correct\n"; + else + echo "Parsed date failed verification\n"; + } + else + { + echo "Date string parse not complete; failed components: {$darr['unparsed']}\n"; + } +} +else +{ + echo "Date string could not be parsed\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.8 +// 'date' and 'strftime' both print a date string based on: +// * Format String, describing layout of date components +// * Timestamp [*NIX Epoch Seconds], either given explicitly, or implictly +// via a call to 'time' which retrieves current time value + +$ts = 1234567890; + +date('Y/m/d', $ts); +date('Y/m/d', mktime($h, $m, $s, $mth, $d, $y, $is_dst)); + +date('Y/m/d'); // same as: date('Y/m/d', time()); + +// ------------ + +$ts = 1234567890; + +strftime('%Y/%m/%d', $ts); +strftime('%Y/%m/%d', mktime($h, $m, $s, $mth, $d, $y, $is_dst)); + +strftime('%Y/%m/%d'); // same as: strftime('%Y/%m/%d', time()); + +// ---------------------------- + +// 'mktime' creates a local time timestamp +$t = strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y', mktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 73, TRUE)); +echo "{$t}\n"; + +// 'gmmktime' creates a GMT time timestamp +$t = strftime('%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %z %Y', gmmktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 73)); +echo "{$t}\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +// 'strtotime' parses a textual date expression, and generates a timestamp +$t = strftime('%A %D', strtotime('18 Jan 1973, 3:45:50')); +echo "{$t}\n"; + +// This should generate output identical to previous example +$t = strftime('%A %D', mktime(3, 45, 50, 1, 18, 73, TRUE)); +echo "{$t}\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.9 +// PHP 5 and above can use the built-in, 'microtime'. Crude implementation for ealier versions: +// function microtime() { $t = gettimeofday(); return (float) ($t['sec'] + $t['usec'] / 1000000.0); } + +// ------------ + +$before = microtime(); + +$line = fgets(STDIN); + +$elapsed = microtime() - $before; + +printf("You took %.3f seconds\n", $elapsed); + +// ------------ + +define(NUMBER_OF_TIMES, 100); +define(SIZE, 500); + +for($i = 0; $i < NUMBER_OF_TIMES; $i++) +{ + $arr = array(); + for($j = 0; $j < SIZE; $j++) $arr[] = rand(); + + $begin = microtime(); + sort($arr); + $elapsed = microtime() - $begin; + + $total_time += $elapsed; +} + +printf("On average, sorting %d random numbers takes %.5f seconds\n", SIZE, $total_time / (float) NUMBER_OF_TIMES); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.10 +// Low-resolution: sleep time specified in seconds +sleep(1); + +// High-resolution: sleep time specified in microseconds [not reliable under Windows] +usleep(250000); + +// @@PLEAC@@_3.11 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.0 +// Nested arrays are supported, and may be easily printed using 'print_r' + +$nested = array('this', 'that', 'the', 'other'); + +$nested = array('this', 'that', array('the', 'other')); print_r($nested); + +$tune = array('The', 'Star-Spangled', 'Banner'); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.1 +// PHP offers only the 'array' type which is actually an associative array, though +// may be numerically indexed, to mimic vectors and matrices; there is no separate +// 'list' type + +$a = array('quick', 'brown', 'fox'); + +// ------------ + +$a = escapeshellarg('Why are you teasing me?'); + +// ------------ + +$lines = <<<END_OF_HERE_DOC + The boy stood on the burning deck, + it was as hot as glass. +END_OF_HERE_DOC; + +// ------------ + +$bigarray = array_map('rtrim', file('mydatafile')); + +// ------------ + +$banner = 'The mines of Moria'; + +$banner = escapeshellarg('The mines of Moria'); + +// ------------ + +$name = 'Gandalf'; + +$banner = "Speak {$name}, and enter!"; + +$banner = 'Speak ' . escapeshellarg($name) . ' and welcome!'; + +// ------------ + +$his_host = 'www.perl.com'; + +$host_info = `nslookup $his_host`; + +$cmd = 'ps ' . posix_getpid(); $perl_info = `$cmd`; + +$shell_info = `ps $$`; + +// ------------ + +$banner = array('Costs', 'only', '$4.95'); + +$banner = array_map('escapeshellarg', split(' ', 'Costs only $4.95')); + +// ------------ + +// AFAIK PHP doesn't support non-quoted strings ala Perl's 'q', 'qq' and 'qw', so arrays +// created from strings must use quoted strings, and make use of 'split' [or equivalent]. +// A slew of functions exist for performing string quoting, including 'escapeshellarg', +// 'quotemeta', and 'preg_quote' + +$brax = split(' ', '( ) < > { } [ ]'); + +// Do this to quote each element within '..' +// $brax = array_map('escapeshellarg', split(' ', '( ) < > { } [ ]')); + +$rings = split(' ', 'Nenya Narya Vilya'); + +$tags = split(' ', 'LI TABLE TR TD A IMG H1 P'); + +$sample = split(' ', 'The vertical bar | looks and behaves like a pipe.'); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.2 +function commify_series($list) +{ + $n = str_word_count($list); $series = str_word_count($list, 1); + + if ($n == 0) return NULL; + if ($n == 1) return $series[0]; + if ($n == 2) return $series[0] . ' and ' . $series[1]; + + return join(', ', array_slice($series, 0, -1)) . ', and ' . $series[$n - 1]; +} + +// ------------ + +echo commify_series('red') . "\n"; +echo commify_series('red yellow') . "\n"; +echo commify_series('red yellow green') . "\n"; + +$mylist = 'red yellow green'; +echo 'I have ' . commify_series($mylist) . " marbles.\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +function commify_series($arr) +{ + $n = count($arr); $sepchar = ','; + + foreach($arr as $str) + { + if (strpos($str, ',') === false) continue; + $sepchar = ';'; break; + } + + if ($n == 0) return NULL; + if ($n == 1) return $arr[0]; + if ($n == 2) return $arr[0] . ' and ' . $arr[1]; + + return join("{$sepchar} ", array_slice($arr, 0, -1)) . "{$sepchar} and " . $arr[$n - 1]; +} + +// ------------ + +$lists = array( + array('just one thing'), + split(' ', 'Mutt Jeff'), + split(' ', 'Peter Paul Mary'), + array('To our parents', 'Mother Theresa', 'God'), + array('pastrami', 'ham and cheese', 'peanut butter and jelly', 'tuna'), + array('recycle tired, old phrases', 'ponder big, happy thoughts'), + array('recycle tired, old phrases', 'ponder big, happy thoughts', 'sleep and dream peacefully')); + +foreach($lists as $arr) +{ + echo 'The list is: ' . commify_series($arr) . ".\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.3 +// AFAICT you cannot grow / shrink an array to an arbitrary size. However, you can: +// * Grow an array by appending an element using subscrip notation, or using +// either 'array_unshift' or 'array_push' to add one or more elements + +$arr[] = 'one'; +array_unshift($arr, 'one', 'two', 'three'); +array_push($arr, 'one', 'two', 'three'); + +// * Shrink an array by using 'unset' to remove one or more specific elements, or +// either 'array_shift' or 'array_pop' to remove an element from the ends + +unset($arr[$idx1], $arr[$idx2], $arr[$idx3]); +$item = array_shift($arr); +$item = array_pop($arr); + +// ---------------------------- + +function what_about_the_array() +{ + global $people; + + echo 'The array now has ' . count($people) . " elements\n"; + echo 'The index value of the last element is ' . (count($people) - 1) . "\n"; + echo 'Element #3 is ' . $people[3] . "\n"; +} + +$people = array('Crosby', 'Stills', 'Nash', 'Young'); +what_about_the_array(); + +array_pop($people); +what_about_the_array(); + +// Cannot, AFAICT, resize the array to an arbitrary size + +# @@PLEAC@@_4.4 +foreach ($list as $item) { + // do something with $item +} + +// Environment listing example + +// PHP defines a superglobal $_ENV to provide access to environment +// variables. + +// Beware, array assignment means copying in PHP. You need to use +// the reference operator to avoid copying. But we want a copy here. +$env = $_ENV; + +// PHP can sort an array by key, so you don't need to get keys, +// and then sort. +ksort($env); + +foreach ($env as $key => $value) { + echo "{$key}={$value}\n"; +} + +// Literal translation of Perl example would be: +$keys = array_keys($_ENV); +sort($keys); +foreach ($keys as $key) { + echo "{$key}={$_ENV[$key]}\n"; +} + +// This assumes that MAX_QUOTA is a named constant. +foreach ($all_users as $user) { + $disk_space = get_usage($user); + if ($disk_space > MAX_QUOTA) { + complain($user); + } +} + +// You can't modify array's elements in-place. +$array = array(1, 2, 3); +$newarray = array(); +foreach ($array as $item) { + $newarray[] = $item - 1; +} +print_r($newarray); + +// Before PHP 5, that is. You can precede the reference operator +// before $item to get reference instead of copy. +$array = array(1, 2, 3); +foreach ($array as &$item) { + $item--; +} +print_r($array); + +// TODO: explain the old each() and list() iteration construct. +// foreach is new in PHP 4, and there are subtle differences. + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.5 +// Conventional 'read-only' access +foreach($array as $item) +{ + ; // Can access, but not update, array element referred to by '$item' +} + +// ---- + +// '&' makes '$item' a reference +foreach($array as &$item) +{ + ; // Update array element referred to by '$item' +} + +// ------------ + +$arraylen = count($array); + +for($i = 0; $i < $arraylen; $i++) +{ + ; // '$array' is updateable via subscript notation +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$fruits = array('Apple', 'Raspberry'); + +foreach($fruits as &$fruit) +{ + echo "{$fruit} tastes good in a pie.\n"; +} + +$fruitlen = count($fruits); + +for($i = 0; $i < $fruitlen; $i++) +{ + echo "{$fruits[$i]} tastes good in a pie.\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$rogue_cats = array('Blackie', 'Goldie', 'Silkie'); + +// Take care to assign reference to '$rogue_cats' array via '=&' +$namelist['felines'] =& $rogue_cats; + +// Take care to make '$cat' a reference via '&$' to allow updating +foreach($namelist['felines'] as &$cat) +{ + $cat .= ' [meow]'; +} + +// Via array reference +foreach($namelist['felines'] as $cat) +{ + echo "{$cat} purrs hypnotically.\n"; +} + +echo "---\n"; + +// Original array +foreach($rogue_cats as $cat) +{ + echo "{$cat} purrs hypnotically.\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.6 +// PHP offers the 'array_unique' function to perform this task. It works with both keyed, +// and numerically-indexed arrays; keys / indexes are preserved; use of 'array_values' +// is recommended to reindex numerically-indexed arrays since there will likely be missing +// indexes + +// Remove duplicate values +$unique = array_unique($array); + +// Remove duplicates, and reindex [for numerically-indexed arrays only] +$unique = array_values(array_unique($array)); + +// or use: +$unique = array_keys(array_flip($array)); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Selected Perl 'seen' examples +foreach($list as $item) +{ + if (!isset($seen[$item])) + { + $seen[$item] = TRUE; + $unique[] = $item; + } +} + +// ------------ + +foreach($list as $item) +{ + $seen[$item] || (++$seen[$item] && ($unique[] = $item)); +} + +// ------------ + +function some_func($item) +{ + ; // Do something with '$item' +} + +foreach($list as $item) +{ + $seen[$item] || (++$seen[$item] && some_func($item)); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +foreach(array_slice(preg_split('/\n/', `who`), 0, -1) as $user_entry) +{ + $user = preg_split('/\s/', $user_entry); + $ucnt[$user[0]]++; +} + +ksort($ucnt); + +echo "users logged in:\n"; + +foreach($ucnt as $user => $cnt) +{ + echo "\t{$user} => {$cnt}\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.7 +// PHP offers the 'array_diff' and 'array_diff_assoc' functions to perform this task. Same +// points as made about 'array_unique' apply here also + +$a = array('c', 'a', 'b', 'd'); +$b = array('c', 'a', 'b', 'e'); + +$diff = array_diff($a, $b); // $diff -> [3] 'd' +$diff = array_diff($b, $a); // $diff -> [3] 'e' + +// Numerically-indexed array, reindexed +$diff = array_values(array_diff($a, $b)); // $diff -> [0] 'd' +$diff = array_values(array_diff($b, $a)); // $diff -> [0] 'e' + +// ---------------------------- + +// 1st Perl 'seen' example only + +$a = array('k1' => 11, 'k2' => 12, 'k4' => 14); +$b = array('k1' => 11, 'k2' => 12, 'k3' => 13); + +foreach($b as $item => $value) { $seen[$item] = 1; } + +// Stores key only e.g. $aonly[0] contains 'k4', same as Perl example +foreach($a as $item => $value) { if (!$seen[$item]) $aonly[] = $item; } + +// Stores key and value e.g. $aonly['k4'] contains 14, same entry as in $a +foreach($a as $item => $value) { if (!$seen[$item]) $aonly[$item] = $value; } + +// ---------------------------- + +// Conventional way: $hash = array('key1' => 1, 'key2' => 2); + +$hash['key1'] = 1; +$hash['key2'] = 2; + +$hash = array_combine(array('key1', 'key2'), array(1, 2)); + +// ------------ + +$seen = array_slice($b, 0); + +$seen = array_combine(array_keys($b), array_fill(0, count($b), 1)); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.8 +// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions: +// * union: array_unique(array_merge(...)) +// * intersection: array_intersect and family +// * difference: array_diff and family +// which may be used for this type of task. Also, if returned arrays need to be +// reindexed, 'array_slice($array, 0)', or 'array_values($array)' are useful + +$a = array(1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8); +$b = array(2, 3, 5, 7, 9); + +$union = array_values(array_unique(array_merge($a, $b))); // 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 +$isect = array_values(array_intersect($a, $b)); // 3, 5, 7 +$diff = array_values(array_diff($a, $b)); // 1, 8 + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.9 +// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function to perform this task. Duplicate values are retained, +// but if arrays are numerically-indexed, resulting array is reindexed + +$arr1 = array('c', 'a', 'b', 'd'); +$arr2 = array('c', 'a', 'b', 'e'); + +$new = array_merge($arr1, $arr2); // $new -> 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'd' + +// ---------------------------- + +$members = array('Time', 'Flies'); +$initiates = array('An', 'Arrow'); + +$members = array_merge($members, $initiates); + +// ------------ + +$members = array('Time', 'Flies'); +$initiates = array('An', 'Arrow'); + +// 'array_splice' is the PHP equivalent to Perl's 'splice' +array_splice($members, 2, 0, array_merge(array('Like'), $initiates)); +echo join(' ', $members) . "\n"; + +array_splice($members, 0, 1, array('Fruit')); +array_splice($members, -2, 2, array('A', 'Banana')); +echo join(' ', $members) . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.10 +$reversed = array_reverse($array); + +// ---------------------------- + +foreach(array_reverse($array) as $item) +{ + ; // ... do something with '$item' ... +} + +// ------------ + +for($i = count($array) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) +{ + ; // ... do something with '$array[$i]' ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +sort($array); +$array = array_reverse($array); + +// ------------ + +rsort($array); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.11 +// Array elements can be deleted using 'unset'; removing several elements would require applying +// 'unset' several times, probably in a loop. However, they would most likely also need to be +// reindexed, so a better approach would be to use 'array_slice' which avoids explicit looping. +// Where elements need to be removed, and those elements also returned, it is probably best to +// combine both operations in a function. This is the approach taken here in implementing both +// 'shiftN' and 'popN', and it is these functions that are used in the examples + +function popN(&$arr, $n) +{ + $ret = array_slice($arr, -($n), $n); + $arr = array_slice($arr, 0, count($arr) - $n); + return $ret; +} + +function shiftN(&$arr, $n) +{ + $ret = array_slice($arr, 0, $n); + $arr = array_slice($arr, $n); + return $ret; +} + +// ------------ + +// Remove $n elements from the front of $array; return them in $fron +$front = shiftN($array, $n); + +// Remove $n elements from the end of $array; return them in $end +$end = popN($array, $n); + +// ------------ + +$friends = array('Peter', 'Paul', 'Mary', 'Jim', 'Tim'); + +list($this_, $that) = shiftN($friends, 2); + +echo "{$this_} {$that}\n"; + +// ------------ + +$beverages = array('Dew', 'Jolt', 'Cola', 'Sprite', 'Fresca'); + +$pair = popN($beverages, 2); + +echo join(' ', $pair) . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.12 +// This section illustrates various 'find first' techniques. The Perl examples all use an +// explicit loop and condition testing [also repeated here]. This is the simplest, and +// [potentially] most efficient approach because the search can be terminated as soon as a +// match is found. However, it is worth mentioning a few alternatives: +// * 'array_search' performs a 'find first' using the element value rather than a condition +// check, so isn't really applicable here +// * 'array_filter', whilst using a condition check, actually performs a 'find all', though +// all but the first returned element can be discarded. This approach is actually less error +// prone than using a loop, but the disadvantage is that each element is visited: there is no +// means of terminating the search once a match has been found. It would be nice if this +// function were to have a third parameter, a Boolean flag indicating whether to traverse +// the whole array, or quit after first match [next version, maybe :) ?] + +$found = FALSE; + +foreach($array as $item) +{ + // Not found - skip to next item + if (!$criterion) continue; + + // Found - save and leave + $match = $item; + $found = TRUE; + break; +} + +if ($found) +{ + ; // do something with $match +} +else +{ + ; // not found +} + +// ------------ + +function predicate($element) +{ + if (criterion) return TRUE; + return FALSE; +} + +$match = array_slice(array_filter($array, 'predicate'), 0, 1); + +if ($match) +{ + ; // do something with $match[0] +} +else +{ + ; // $match is empty - not found +} + +// ---------------------------- + +class Employee +{ + public $name, $age, $ssn, $salary; + + public function __construct($name, $age, $ssn, $salary, $category) + { + $this->name = $name; + $this->age = $age; + $this->ssn = $ssn; + $this->salary = $salary; + $this->category = $category; + } +} + +// ------------ + +$employees = array( + new Employee('sdf', 27, 12345, 47000, 'Engineer'), + new Employee('ajb', 32, 12376, 51000, 'Programmer'), + new Employee('dgh', 31, 12355, 45000, 'Engineer')); + +// ------------ + +function array_update($arr, $lambda, $updarr) +{ + foreach($arr as $key) $lambda($updarr, $key); + return $updarr; +} + +function highest_salaried_engineer(&$arr, $employee) +{ + static $highest_salary = 0; + + if ($employee->category == 'Engineer') + { + if ($employee->salary > $highest_salary) + { + $highest_salary = $employee->salary; + $arr[0] = $employee; + } + } +} + +// ------------ + +// 'array_update' custom function is modelled on 'array_reduce' except that it allows the +// return of an array, contents and length of which are entirely dependant on what the +// callback function does. Here, it is logically working in a 'find first' capacity +$highest_salaried_engineer = array_update($employees, 'highest_salaried_engineer', array()); + +echo 'Highest paid engineer is: ' . $highest_salaried_engineer[0]->name . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.13 +// PHP implements 'grep' functionality [as embodied in the current section] in the 'array_filter' +// function + +function predicate($element) +{ + if (criterion) return TRUE; + return FALSE; +} + +$matching = array_filter($list, 'predicate'); + +// ------------ + +$bigs = array_filter($nums, create_function('$n', 'return $n > 1000000;')); + +// ------------ + +function is_pig($user) +{ + $user_details = preg_split('/(\s)+/', $user); + // Assuming field 5 is the resource being compared + return $user_details[5] > 1e7; +} + +$pigs = array_filter(array_slice(preg_split('/\n/', `who -u`), 0, -1), 'is_pig'); + +// ------------ + +$matching = array_filter(array_slice(preg_split('/\n/', `who`), 0, -1), + create_function('$user', 'return preg_match(\'/^gnat /\', $user);')); + +// ------------ + +class Employee +{ + public $name, $age, $ssn, $salary; + + public function __construct($name, $age, $ssn, $salary, $category) + { + $this->name = $name; + $this->age = $age; + $this->ssn = $ssn; + $this->salary = $salary; + $this->category = $category; + } +} + +// ------------ + +$employees = array( + new Employee('sdf', 27, 12345, 47000, 'Engineer'), + new Employee('ajb', 32, 12376, 51000, 'Programmer'), + new Employee('dgh', 31, 12355, 45000, 'Engineer')); + +// ------------ + +$engineers = array_filter($employees, + create_function('$employee', 'return $employee->category == "Engineer";')); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.14 +// PHP offers a rich set of sorting functions. Key features: +// * Inplace sorts; the original array, not a a copy, is sorted +// * Separate functions exist for sorting [both ascending and descending order]: +// - By value, assign new keys / indices [sort, rsort] +// - By key [ksort, krsort] (for non-numerically indexed arrays) +// - By value [asort, arsort] +// - As above, but using a user-defined comparator [i.e. callback function] +// [usort, uasort, uksort] +// - Natural order sort [natsort] +// * Significantly, if sorting digit-only elements, whether strings or numbers, +// 'natural order' [i.e. 1 before 10 before 100 (ascending)] is retained. If +// the elements are alphanumeric e.g. 'z1', 'z10' then 'natsort' should be +// used [note: beware of 'natsort' with negative numbers; prefer 'sort' or 'asort'] + +$unsorted = array(7, 12, -13, 2, 100, 5, 1, -2, 23, 3, 6, 4); + +sort($unsorted); // -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100 +rsort($unsorted); // 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13 + +asort($unsorted); // -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100 +arsort($unsorted); // 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13 + +natsort($unsorted); // -2, -13, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100 + +// ------------ + +function ascend($left, $right) { return $left > $right; } +function descend($left, $right) { return $left < $right; } + +// ------------ + +usort($unsorted, 'ascend'); // -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100 +usort($unsorted, 'descend'); // 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13 + +uasort($unsorted, 'ascend'); // -13, -2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 23, 100 +uasort($unsorted, 'descend'); // 100, 23, 12, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -2, -13 + +// ---------------------------- + +function kill_process($pid) +{ + // Is 'killable' ? + if (!posix_kill($pid, 0)) return; + + // Ok, so kill in two stages + posix_kill($pid, 15); // SIGTERM + sleep(1); + posix_kill($pid, 9); // SIGKILL +} + +function pid($pentry) +{ + $p = preg_split('/\s/', trim($pentry)); + return $p[0]; +} + +$processes = array_map('pid', array_slice(preg_split('/\n/', `ps ax`), 1, -1)); +sort($processes); + +echo join(' ,', $processes) . "\n"; + +echo 'Enter a pid to kill: '; +if (($pid = trim(fgets(STDIN)))) + kill_process($pid); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.15 +// Tasks in this section would typically use the PHP 'usort' family of functions +// which are used with a comparator function so as to perform custom comparisions. +// A significant difference from the Perl examples is that these functions are +// inplace sorters, so it is the original array that is modified. Where this must +// be prevented a copy of the array can be made and sorted + +function comparator($left, $right) +{ + ; // Compare '$left' with '$right' returning result +} + +// ------------ + +$ordered = array_slice($unordered); +usort($ordered, 'comparator'); + +// ---------------------------- + +// The Perl example looks like it is creating a hash using computed values as the key, +// array values as the value, sorting on the computed key, then extracting the sorted +// values and placing them back into an array + +function compute($value) +{ + ; // Return computed value utilising '$value' +} + +// ------------ + +// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used] +$unordered = array(5, 3, 7, 1, 4, 2, 6); + +// Create hash using 'compute' function to generate the keys. This example assumes that +// each value in the '$unordered' array is used in generating the corresponding '$key' +foreach($unordered as $value) +{ + $precomputed[compute($value)] = $value; +} + +// Copy the hash, and sort it by key +$ordered_precomputed = array_slice($precomputed, 0); ksort($ordered_precomputed); + +// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed +// array +$ordered = array_values($ordered_precomputed); + +// ---------------------------- + +// As above, except uses 'array_update' and 'accum' to help create hash + +function array_update($arr, $lambda, $updarr) +{ + foreach($arr as $key) $lambda($updarr, $key); + return $updarr; +} + +function accum(&$arr, $value) +{ + $arr[compute($value)] = $value; +} + +// ------------ + +function compute($value) +{ + ; // Return computed value utilising '$value' +} + +// ------------ + +// Original numerically-indexed array [sample data used] +$unordered = array(5, 3, 7, 1, 4, 2, 6); + +// Create hash +$precomputed = array_update($unordered, 'accum', array()); + +// Copy the hash, and sort it by key +$ordered_precomputed = array_slice($precomputed, 0); ksort($ordered_precomputed); + +// Extract the values of the hash in current order placing them in a new numerically-indexed +// array +$ordered = array_values($ordered_precomputed); + +// ---------------------------- + +class Employee +{ + public $name, $age, $ssn, $salary; + + public function __construct($name, $age, $ssn, $salary) + { + $this->name = $name; + $this->age = $age; + $this->ssn = $ssn; + $this->salary = $salary; + } +} + +// ------------ + +$employees = array( + new Employee('sdf', 27, 12345, 47000), + new Employee('ajb', 32, 12376, 51000), + new Employee('dgh', 31, 12355, 45000)); + +// ------------ + +$ordered = array_slice($employees, 0); +usort($ordered, create_function('$left, $right', 'return $left->name > $right->name;')); + +// ------------ + +$sorted_employees = array_slice($employees, 0); +usort($sorted_employees, create_function('$left, $right', 'return $left->name > $right->name;')); + +$bonus = array(12376 => 5000, 12345 => 6000, 12355 => 0); + +foreach($sorted_employees as $employee) +{ + echo "{$employee->name} earns \${$employee->salary}\n"; +} + +foreach($sorted_employees as $employee) +{ + if (($amount = $bonus[$employee->ssn])) + echo "{$employee->name} got a bonus of: \${$amount}\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +$sorted = array_slice($employees, 0); +usort($sorted, create_function('$left, $right', 'return $left->name > $right->name || $left->age != $right->age;')); + +// ---------------------------- + +// PHP offers a swag of POSIX functions for obtaining user information [i.e. they all read +// the '/etc/passwd' file for the relevant infroamtion], and it is these that should rightly +// be used for this purpose. However, since the intent of this section is to illustrate array +// manipulation, these functions won't be used. Instead a custom function mimicing Perl's +// 'getpwent' function will be implemented so the code presented here can more faithfully match +// the Perl code + +function get_pw_entries() +{ + function normal_users_only($e) + { + $entry = split(':', $e); return $entry[2] > 100 && $entry[2] < 32768; + } + + foreach(array_filter(file('/etc/passwd'), 'normal_users_only') as $entry) + $users[] = split(':', trim($entry)); + + return $users; +} + +// ------------ + +$users = get_pw_entries(); + +usort($users, create_function('$left, $right', 'return $left[0] > $right[0];')); +foreach($users as $user) echo "{$user[0]}\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +$names = array('sdf', 'ajb', 'dgh'); + +$sorted = array_slice($names, 0); +usort($sorted, create_function('$left, $right', 'return substr($left, 1, 1) > substr($right, 1, 1);')); + +// ------------ + +$strings = array('bbb', 'aa', 'c'); + +$sorted = array_slice($strings, 0); +usort($sorted, create_function('$left, $right', 'return strlen($left) > strlen($right);')); + +// ---------------------------- + +function array_update($arr, $lambda, $updarr) +{ + foreach($arr as $key) $lambda($updarr, $key); + return $updarr; +} + +function accum(&$arr, $value) +{ + $arr[strlen($value)] = $value; +} + +// ---- + +$strings = array('bbb', 'aa', 'c'); + +$temp = array_update($strings, 'accum', array()); +ksort($temp); +$sorted = array_values($temp); + +// ---------------------------- + +function array_update($arr, $lambda, $updarr) +{ + foreach($arr as $key) $lambda($updarr, $key); + return $updarr; +} + +function accum(&$arr, $value) +{ + if (preg_match('/(\d+)/', $value, $matches)) + $arr[$matches[1]] = $value; +} + +// ---- + +$fields = array('b1b2b', 'a4a', 'c9', 'ddd', 'a'); + +$temp = array_update($fields, 'accum', array()); +ksort($temp); +$sorted_fields = array_values($temp); + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.16 +array_unshift($a1, array_pop($a1)); // last -> first +array_push($a1, array_shift($a1)); // first -> last + +// ---------------------------- + +function grab_and_rotate(&$arr) +{ + $item = $arr[0]; + array_push($arr, array_shift($arr)); + return $item; +} + +// ------------ + +$processes = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); + +while (TRUE) +{ + $process = grab_and_rotate($processes); + echo "Handling process {$process}\n"; + sleep(1); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.17 +// PHP offers the 'shuffle' function to perform this task + +$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); + +shuffle($arr); + +echo join(' ', $arr) . "\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +// Perl example equivalents +function fisher_yates_shuffle(&$a) +{ + $size = count($a) - 1; + + for($i = $size; $i >= 0; $i--) + { + if (($j = rand(0, $i)) != $i) + list($a[$i], $a[$j]) = array($a[$j], $a[$i]); + } +} + +function naive_shuffle(&$a) +{ + $size = count($a); + + for($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) + { + $j = rand(0, $size - 1); + list($a[$i], $a[$j]) = array($a[$j], $a[$i]); + } +} + +// ------------ + +$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); + +fisher_yates_shuffle($arr); +echo join(' ', $arr) . "\n"; + +naive_shuffle($arr); +echo join(' ', $arr) . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.18 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_4.19 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.0 +// PHP uses the term 'array' to refer to associative arrays - referred to in Perl +// as 'hashes' - and for the sake of avoiding confusion, the Perl terminology will +// be used. As a matter of interest, PHP does not sport a vector, matrix, or list +// type: the 'array' [Perl 'hash'] serves all these roles + +$age = array('Nat' => 24, 'Jules' => 25, 'Josh' => 17); + +$age['Nat'] = 24; +$age['Jules'] = 25; +$age['Josh'] = 17; + +$age = array_combine(array('Nat', 'Jules', 'Josh'), array(24, 25, 17)); + +// ------------ + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +$food_colour['Apple'] = 'red'; $food_colour['Banana'] = 'yellow'; +$food_colour['Lemon'] = 'yellow'; $food_colour['Carrot'] = 'orange'; + +$food_colour = array_combine(array('Apple', 'Banana', 'Lemon', 'Carrot'), + array('red', 'yellow', 'yellow', 'orange')); + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.1 +$hash[$key] = $value; + +// ------------ + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +$food_colour['Raspberry'] = 'pink'; + +echo "Known foods:\n"; +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) echo "{$food}\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.2 +// Returns TRUE on all existing entries with non-NULL values +if (isset($hash[$key])) + ; // entry exists +else + ; // no such entry + +// ------------ + +// Returns TRUE on all existing entries regardless of attached value +if (array_key_exists($key, $hash)) + ; // entry exists +else + ; // no such entry + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +foreach(array('Banana', 'Martini') as $name) +{ + if (isset($food_colour[$name])) + echo "{$name} is a food.\n"; + else + echo "{$name} is a drink.\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$age = array('Toddler' => 3, 'Unborn' => 0, 'Phantasm' => NULL); + +foreach(array('Toddler', 'Unborn', 'Phantasm', 'Relic') as $thing) +{ + echo "{$thing}:"; + if (array_key_exists($thing, $age)) echo ' exists'; + if (isset($age[$thing])) echo ' non-NULL'; + if ($age[$thing]) echo ' TRUE'; + echo "\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.3 +// Remove one, or more, hash entries +unset($hash[$key]); + +unset($hash[$key1], $hash[$key2], $hash[$key3]); + +// Remove entire hash +unset($hash); + +// ---------------------------- + +function print_foods() +{ + // Perl example uses a global variable + global $food_colour; + + $foods = array_keys($food_colour); + + echo 'Foods:'; + foreach($foods as $food) echo " {$food}"; + + echo "\nValues:\n"; + foreach($foods as $food) + { + $colour = $food_colour[$food]; + + if (isset($colour)) + echo " {$colour}\n"; + else + echo " nullified or removed\n"; + } +} + +// ------------ + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +echo "Initially:\n"; print_foods(); + +// Nullify an entry +$food_colour['Banana'] = NULL; +echo "\nWith 'Banana' nullified\n"; +print_foods(); + +// Remove an entry +unset($food_colour['Banana']); +echo "\nWith 'Banana' removed\n"; +print_foods(); + +// Destroy the hash +unset($food_colour); + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.4 +// Access keys and values +foreach($hash as $key => $value) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// Access keys only +foreach(array_keys($hash) as $key) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// Access values only +foreach($hash as $value) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) +{ + echo "{$food} is {$colour}\n"; +} + +foreach(array_keys($food_colour) as $food) +{ + echo "{$food} is {$food_colour[$food]}\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// 'countfrom' - count number of messages from each sender + +$line = fgets(STDIN); + +while (!feof(STDIN)) +{ + if (preg_match('/^From: (.*)/', $line, $matches)) + { + if (isset($from[$matches[1]])) + $from[$matches[1]] += 1; + else + $from[$matches[1]] = 1; + } + + $line = fgets(STDIN); +} + +if (isset($from)) +{ + echo "Senders:\n"; + foreach($from as $sender => $count) echo "{$sender} : {$count}\n"; +} +else +{ + echo "No valid data entered\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.5 +// PHP offers, 'print_r', which prints hash contents in 'debug' form; it also +// works recursively, printing any contained arrays in similar form +// Array +// ( +// [key1] => value1 +// [key2] => value2 +// ... +// ) + +print_r($hash); + +// ------------ + +// Based on Perl example; non-recursive, so contained arrays not printed correctly +foreach($hash as $key => $value) +{ + echo "{$key} => $value\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// Sorted by keys + +// 1. Sort the original hash +ksort($hash); + +// 2. Extract keys, sort, traverse original in key order +$keys = array_keys($hash); sort($keys); + +foreach($keys as $key) +{ + echo "{$key} => {$hash[$key]}\n"; +} + +// Sorted by values + +// 1. Sort the original hash +asort($hash); + +// 2. Extract values, sort, traverse original in value order [warning: finds +// only first matching key in the case where duplicate values exist] +$values = array_values($hash); sort($values); + +foreach($values as $value) +{ + echo $value . ' <= ' . array_search($value, $hash) . "\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.6 +// Unless sorted, hash elements remain in the order of insertion. If care is taken to +// always add a new element to the end of the hash, then element order is the order +// of insertion. The following function, 'array_push_associative' [modified from original +// found at 'array_push' section of PHP documentation], does just that +function array_push_associative(&$arr) +{ + foreach (func_get_args() as $arg) + { + if (is_array($arg)) + foreach ($arg as $key => $value) { $arr[$key] = $value; $ret++; } + else + $arr[$arg] = ''; + } + + return $ret; +} + +// ------------ + +$food_colour = array(); + +// Individual calls, or ... +array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Banana' => 'Yellow')); +array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Apple' => 'Green')); +array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Lemon' => 'Yellow')); + +// ... one call, one array; physical order retained +// array_push_associative($food_colour, array('Banana' => 'Yellow', 'Apple' => 'Green', 'Lemon' => 'Yellow')); + +print_r($food_colour); + +echo "\nIn insertion order:\n"; +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) echo " {$food} => {$colour}\n"; + +$foods = array_keys($food_colour); + +echo "\nStill in insertion order:\n"; +foreach($foods as $food) echo " {$food} => {$food_colour[$food]}\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.7 +foreach(array_slice(preg_split('/\n/', `who`), 0, -1) as $entry) +{ + list($user, $tty) = preg_split('/\s/', $entry); + $ttys[$user][] = $tty; + + // Could instead do this: + // $user = array_slice(preg_split('/\s/', $entry), 0, 2); + // $ttys[$user[0]][] = $user[1]; +} + +ksort($ttys); + +// ------------ + +foreach($ttys as $user => $all_ttys) +{ + echo "{$user}: " . join(' ', $all_ttys) . "\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +foreach($ttys as $user => $all_ttys) +{ + echo "{$user}: " . join(' ', $all_ttys) . "\n"; + + foreach($all_ttys as $tty) + { + $stat = stat('/dev/$tty'); + $pwent = posix_getpwuid($stat['uid']); + $user = isset($pwent['name']) ? $pwent['name'] : 'Not available'; + echo "{$tty} owned by: {$user}\n"; + } +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.8 +// PHP offers the 'array_flip' function to perform the task of exchanging the keys / values +// of a hash i.e. invert or 'flip' a hash + +$reverse = array_flip($hash); + +// ---------------------------- + +$surname = array('Babe' => 'Ruth', 'Mickey' => 'Mantle'); +$first_name = array_flip($surname); + +echo "{$first_name['Mantle']}\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +$argc == 2 || die("usage: {$argv[0]} food|colour\n"); + +$given = $argv[1]; + +$colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +$food = array_flip($colour); + +if (isset($colour[$given])) + echo "{$given} is a food with colour: {$colour[$given]}\n"; + +if (isset($food[$given])) + echo "{$food[$given]} is a food with colour: {$given}\n"; + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) +{ + $foods_with_colour[$colour][] = $food; +} + +$colour = 'yellow'; +echo "foods with colour {$colour} were: " . join(' ', $foods_with_colour[$colour]) . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.9 +// PHP implements a swag of sorting functions, most designed to work with numerically-indexed +// arrays. For sorting hashes, the 'key' sorting functions are required: +// * 'ksort', 'krsort', 'uksort' + +// Ascending order +ksort($hash); + +// Descending order [i.e. reverse sort] +krsort($hash); + +// Comparator-based sort + +function comparator($left, $right) +{ + // Compare left key with right key + return $left > $right; +} + +uksort($hash, 'comparator'); + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +// ------------ + +ksort($food_colour); + +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) +{ + echo "{$food} is {$colour}\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +uksort($food_colour, create_function('$left, $right', 'return $left > $right;')); + +foreach($food_colour as $food => $colour) +{ + echo "{$food} is {$colour}\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.10 +// PHP offers the 'array_merge' function for this task [a related function, 'array_combine', +// may be used to create a hash from an array of keys, and one of values, respectively] + +// Merge two, or more, arrays +$merged = array_merge($a, $b, $c); + +// Create a hash from array of keys, and of values, respectively +$hash = array_combine($keys, $values); + +// ------------ + +// Can always merge arrays manually +foreach(array($h1, $h2, $h3) as $hash) +{ + foreach($hash as $key => $value) + { + // If same-key values differ, only latest retained + $merged[$key] = $value; + + // Do this to append values for that key + // $merged[$key][] = $value; + } +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +$drink_colour = array('Galliano' => 'yellow', 'Mai Tai' => 'blue'); + +// ------------ + +$ingested_colour = array_merge($food_colour, $drink_colour); + +// ------------ + +$substance_colour = array(); + +foreach(array($food_colour, $drink_colour) as $hash) +{ + foreach($hash as $substance => $colour) + { + if (array_key_exists($substance, $substance_colour)) + { + echo "Warning {$substance_colour[$substance]} seen twice. Using first definition.\n"; + continue; + } + $substance_colour[$substance] = $colour; + } +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.11 +// PHP offers a number of array-based 'set operation' functions: +// * union: array_merge +// * intersection: array_intersect and family +// * difference: array_diff and family +// which may be used for this type of task + +// Keys occurring in both hashes +$common = array_intersect_key($h1, $h2); + +// Keys occurring in the first hash [left side], but not in the second hash +$this_not_that = array_diff_key($h1, $h2); + +// ---------------------------- + +$food_colour = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Banana' => 'yellow', + 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +$citrus_colour = array('Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Orange' => 'orange', 'Lime' => 'green'); + +$non_citrus = array_diff_key($food_colour, $citrus_colour); + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.12 +// PHP implements a special type known as a 'resource' that encompasses things like file handles, +// sockets, database connections, and many others. The 'resource' type is, essentially, a +// reference variable that is not readily serialisable. That is to say: +// * A 'resource' may be converted to a string representation via the 'var_export' function +// * That same string cannot be converted back into a 'resource' +// So, in terms of array handling, 'resource' types may be stored as array reference values, +// but cannot be used as keys. +// +// I suspect it is this type of problem that the Perl::Tie package helps resolve. However, since +// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, sport a similar facility, the examples in this section cannot be +// implemented using file handles as keys + +$filenames = array('/etc/termcap', '/vmlinux', '/bin/cat'); + +foreach($filenames as $filename) +{ + if (!($fh = fopen($filename, 'r'))) continue; + + // Cannot do this as required by the Perl code: + // $name[$fh] = $filename; + + // Ok + $name[$filename] = $fh; +} + +// Would traverse array via: +// +// foreach(array_keys($name) as $fh) +// ... +// or +// +// foreach($name as $fh => $filename) +// ... +// but since '$fh' cannot be a key, either of these will work: +// +// foreach($name as $filename => $fh) +// or +foreach(array_values($name) as $fh) +{ + fclose($fh); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.13 +// PHP hashes are dynamic expanding and contracting as entries are added, and removed, +// respectively. Thus, there is no need to presize a hash, nor is there, AFAIK, any +// means of doing so except by the number of datums used when defining the hash + +// zero elements +$hash = array(); + +// ------------ + +// three elements +$hash = array('Apple' => 'red', 'Lemon' => 'yellow', 'Carrot' => 'orange'); + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.14 +foreach($array as $element) $count[$element] += 1; + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.15 +$father = array('Cain' => 'Adam', 'Abel' => 'Adam', 'Seth' => 'Adam', 'Enoch' => 'Cain', + 'Irad' => 'Enoch', 'Mehujael' => 'Irad', 'Methusael'=> 'Mehujael', + 'Lamech' => 'Methusael', 'Jabal' => 'Lamech', 'Jubal' => 'Lamech', + 'Tubalcain' => 'Lamech', 'Enos' => 'Seth'); + +// ------------ + +$name = trim(fgets(STDIN)); + +while (!feof(STDIN)) +{ + while (TRUE) + { + echo "$name\n"; + + // Can use either: + if (!isset($father[$name])) break; + $name = $father[$name]; + + // or: + // if (!key_exists($name, $father)) break; + // $name = $father[$name]; + + // or combine the two lines: + // if (!($name = $father[$name])) break; + } + + echo "\n"; + $name = trim(fgets(STDIN)); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +define(SEP, ' '); + +foreach($father as $child => $parent) +{ + if (!$children[$parent]) + $children[$parent] = $child; + else + $children[$parent] .= SEP . $child; +} + +$name = trim(fgets(STDIN)); + +while (!feof(STDIN)) +{ + echo $name . ' begat '; + + if (!$children[$name]) + echo "Nothing\n" + else + echo str_replace(SEP, ', ', $children[$name]) . "\n"; + + $name = trim(fgets(STDIN)); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +define(SEP, ' '); + +$files = array('/tmp/a', '/tmp/b', '/tmp/c'); + +foreach($files as $file) +{ + if (!is_file($file)) { echo "Skipping {$file}\n"; continue; } + if (!($fh = fopen($file, 'r'))) { echo "Skipping {$file}\n"; continue; } + + $line = fgets($fh); + + while (!feof($fh)) + { + if (preg_match('/^\s*#\s*include\s*<([^>]+)>/', $line, $matches)) + { + if (isset($includes[$matches[1]])) + $includes[$matches[1]] .= SEP . $file; + else + $includes[$matches[1]] = $file; + } + + $line = fgets($fh); + } + + fclose($fh); +} + +print_r($includes); + +// @@PLEAC@@_5.16 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.0 +$entry = stat('/bin/vi'); +$entry = stat('/usr/bin'); +$entry = stat($argv[1]); + +// ------------ + +$entry = stat('/bin/vi'); + +$ctime = $entry['ctime']; +$size = $entry['size']; + +// ---------------------------- + +// For the simple task of determining whether a file contains, text', a simple +// function that searches for a newline could be implemented. Not exactly +// foolproof, but very simple, low overhead, no installation headaches ... +function containsText($file) +{ + $status = FALSE; + + if (($fp = fopen($file, 'r'))) + { + while (FALSE !== ($char = fgetc($fp))) + { + if ($char == "\n") { $status = TRUE; break; } + } + + fclose($fp); + } + + return $status; +} + +// PHP offers the [currently experimental] Fileinfo group of functions to +// determine file types based on their contents / 'magic numbers'. This +// is functionality similar to the *NIX, 'file' utility. Note that it must +// first be installed using the PEAR utility [see PHP documentation] +function isTextFile($file) +{ + // Note: untested code, but I believe this is how it is supposed to work + $finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_NONE); + $status = (finfo_file($finfo, $file) == 'ASCII text'); + finfo_close($finfo); + return $status; +} + +// Alternatively, use the *NIX utility, 'file', directly +function isTextFile($file) +{ + return exec(trim('file -bN ' . escapeshellarg($file))) == 'ASCII text'; +} + +// ---- + +containsText($argv[1]) || die("File {$argv[1]} doesn't have any text in it\n"); + +isTextFile($argv[1]) || die("File {$argv[1]} doesn't have any text in it\n"); + +// ---------------------------- + +$dirname = '/usr/bin/'; + +($dirhdl = opendir($dirname)) || die("Couldn't open {$dirname}\n"); + +while (($file = readdir($dirhdl)) !== FALSE) +{ + printf("Inside %s is something called: %s\n", $dirname, $file); +} + +closedir($dirhdl); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.1 +$filename = 'example.txt'; + +// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively +$fs = stat($filename); + +$readtime = $fs['atime']; +$writetime = $fs['mtime']; + +// Alter $writetime, and $readtime ... + +// Update file timestamp +touch($filename, $writetime, $readtime); + +// ---------------------------- + +$filename = 'example.txt'; + +// Get the file's current access and modification time, respectively +$fs = stat($filename); + +$atime = $fs['atime']; +$mtime = $fs['mtime']; + +// Dedicated functions also exist to retrieve this information: +// +// $atime = $fileatime($filename); +// $mtime = $filemtime($filename); +// + +// Perform date arithmetic. Traditional approach where arithmetic is performed +// directly with Epoch Seconds [i.e. the *NIX time stamp value] will work ... + +define('SECONDS_PER_DAY', 60 * 60 * 24); + +// Set file's access and modification times to 1 week ago +$atime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY; +$mtime -= 7 * SECONDS_PER_DAY; + +// ... but care must be taken to account for daylight saving. Therefore, the +// recommended approach is to use library functions to perform such tasks: + +$atime = strtotime('-7 days', $atime); +$mtime = strtotime('-7 days', $mtime); + +// Update file timestamp +touch($filename, $mtime, $atime); + +// Good idea to clear the cache after such updates have occurred so fresh +// values will be retrieved on next access +clearstatcache(); + +// ---------------------------- + +$argc == 2 || die("usage: {$argv[0]} filename\n"); + +$filename = $argv[1]; +$fs = stat($filename); + +$atime = $fs['atime']; +$mtime = $fs['mtime']; + +// Careful here: since interactive, use, 'system', not 'exec', to launch [latter +// does not work under *NIX - at least, not for me :)] +system(trim(getenv('EDITOR') . ' vi ' . escapeshellarg($filename)), $retcode); + +touch($filename, $mtime, $atime) || die("Error updating timestamp on file, {$filename}!\n"); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.2 +// The 'unlink' function is used to delete regular files, whilst the 'rmdir' function +// does the same on non-empty directories. AFAIK, no recursive-deletion facility +// exists, and must be manually programmed + +$filename = '...'; + +@unlink($filename) || die("Can't delete, {$filename}!\n"); + +// ------------ + +$files = glob('...'); +$problem = FALSE; + +// Could simply use a foreach loop +foreach($files as $filename) { @unlink($filename) || $problem = TRUE; } + +// +// Alternatively, an applicative approach could be used, one closer in spirit to +// largely-functional languages like Scheme +// +// function is_all_deleted($deleted, $filename) { return @unlink($filename) && $deleted; } +// $problem = !array_reduce($files, 'is_all_deleted', TRUE); +// + +if ($problem) +{ + fwrite(STDERR, 'Could not delete all of:'); + foreach($files as $filename) { fwrite(STDERR, ' ' . $filename); } + fwrite(STDERR, "\n"); exit(1); +} + +// ------------ + +function rmAll($files) +{ + $count = 0; + + foreach($files as $filename) { @unlink($filename) && $count++; }; + + return $count; + +// An applicative alternative using 'create_function', PHP's rough equivalent of 'lambda' ... +// +// return array_reduce($files, +// create_function('$count, $filename', 'return @unlink($filename) && $count++;'), 0); +} + +// ---- + +$files = glob('...'); +$toBeDeleted = sizeof($files); +$count = rmAll($files); + +($count == $toBeDeleted) || die("Could only delete {$count} of {$toBeDeleted} files\n"); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.3 +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +copy($oldfile, $newfile) || die("Error copying file\n"); + +// ---------------------------- + +// All the following copy a file by copying its contents. Examples do so in a single +// operation, but it is also possible to copy arbitrary blocks, or, line-by-line in +// the case of 'text' files +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +if (is_file($oldfile)) + file_put_contents($newfile, file_get_contents($oldfile)); +else + die("Problem copying file {$oldfile} to file {$newfile}\n"); + +// ------------ + +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +fwrite(($nh = fopen($newfile, 'wb')), fread(($oh = fopen($oldfile, 'rb')), filesize($oldfile))); +fclose($oh); +fclose($nh); + +// ------------ + +// As above, but with some error checking / handling +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +($oh = fopen($oldfile, 'rb')) || die("Problem opening input file {$oldfile}\n"); +($nh = fopen($newfile, 'wb')) || die("Problem opening output file {$newfile}\n"); + +if (($filesize = filesize($oldfile)) > 0) +{ + fwrite($nh, fread($oh, $filesize)) || die("Problem reading / writing file data\n"); +} + +fclose($oh); +fclose($nh); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Should there be platform-specfic problems copying 'very large' files, it is +// a simple matter to call a system command utility via, 'exec' + +// *NIX-specific example. Could check whether, 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether +// a file exists after the operation might be a better approach +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +is_file($newfile) && unlink($newfile); + +exec(trim('cp --force ' . escapeshellarg($oldfile) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($newfile))); + +is_file($newfile) || die("Problem copying file {$oldfile} to file {$newfile}\n"); + +// For other operating systems just change: +// * filenames +// * command being 'exec'ed +// as the rest of the code is platform independant + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.4 +function makeDevInodePair($filename) +{ + if (!($fs = @stat($filename))) return FALSE; + return strval($fs['dev'] . $fs['ino']); +} + +// ------------ + +function do_my_thing($filename) +{ + // Using a global variable to mimic Perl example, but could easily have passed + // '$seen' as an argument + global $seen; + + $devino = makeDevInodePair($filename); + + // Process $filename if it has not previously been seen, else just increment + if (!isset($seen[$devino])) + { + // ... process $filename ... + + // Set initial count + $seen[$devino] = 1; + } + else + { + // Otherwise, just increment the count + $seen[$devino] += 1; + } +} + +// ---- + +// Simple example +$seen = array(); + +do_my_thing('/tmp/old'); +do_my_thing('/tmp/old'); +do_my_thing('/tmp/old'); +do_my_thing('/tmp/new'); + +foreach($seen as $devino => $count) +{ + echo "{$devino} -> {$count}\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +// A variation on the above avoiding use of global variables, and illustrating use of +// easily-implemented 'higher order' techniques + +// Helper function loosely modelled on, 'array_reduce', but using an array as +// 'accumulator', which is returned on completion +function array_update($arr, $lambda, $updarr) +{ + foreach($arr as $key) $lambda($updarr, $key); + return $updarr; +} + +function do_my_thing(&$seen, $filename) +{ + if (!array_key_exists(($devino = makeDevInodePair($filename)), $seen)) + { + // ... processing $filename ... + + // Update $seen + $seen[$devino] = 1; + } + else + { + // Update $seen + $seen[$devino] += 1; + } +} + +// ---- + +// Simple example +$files = array('/tmp/old', '/tmp/old', '/tmp/old', '/tmp/new'); + +// Could do this ... +$seen = array(); +array_update($files, 'do_my_thing', &$seen); + +// or this: +$seen = array_update($files, 'do_my_thing', array()); + +// or a 'lambda' could be used: +array_update($files, + create_function('$seen, $filename', '... code not shown ...'), + &$seen); + +foreach($seen as $devino => $count) +{ + echo "{$devino} -> {$count}\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$files = glob('/tmp/*'); + +define(SEP, ';'); +$seen = array(); + +foreach($files as $filename) +{ + if (!array_key_exists(($devino = makeDevInodePair($filename)), $seen)) + $seen[$devino] = $filename; + else + $seen[$devino] = $seen[$devino] . SEP . $filename; +} + +$devino = array_keys($seen); +sort($devino); + +foreach($devino as $key) +{ + echo $key . ':'; + foreach(split(SEP, $seen[$key]) as $filename) echo ' ' . $filename; + echo "\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.5 +// Conventional POSIX-like approach to directory traversal +$dirname = '/usr/bin/'; + +($dirhdl = opendir($dirname)) || die("Couldn't open {$dirname}\n"); + +while (($file = readdir($dirhdl)) !== FALSE) +{ + ; // ... do something with $dirname/$file + // ... +} + +closedir($dirhdl); + +// ------------ + +// Newer [post PHP 4], 'applicative' approach - an array of filenames is +// generated that may be processed via external loop ... + +$dirname = '/usr/bin/'; + +foreach(scandir($dirname) as $file) +{ + ; // ... do something with $dirname/$file + // ... +} + +// .. or, via callback application, perhaps after massaging by one of the +// 'array' family of functions [also uses, 'array_update', from earlier section] + +$newlist = array_update(array_reverse(scandir($dirname)), + create_function('$filelist, $file', ' ; '), + array()); + +// And don't forget that the old standby, 'glob', that returns an array of +// paths filtered using the Bourne Shell-based wildcards, '?' and '*', is +// also available + +foreach(glob($dirname . '*') as $path) +{ + ; // ... do something with $path + // ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// Uses, 'isTextFile', from an earlier section +$dirname = '/usr/bin/'; + +echo "Text files in {$dirname}:\n"; + +foreach(scandir($dirname) as $file) +{ + // Take care when constructing paths to ensure cross-platform operability + $path = $dirname . $file; + + if (is_file($path) && isTextFile($path)) echo $path . "\n"; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +function plain_files($dirname) +{ + ($dirlist = glob($dirname . '*')) || die("Couldn't glob {$dirname}\n"); + + // Pass function name directly if only a single function performs filter test + return array_filter($dirlist, 'is_file'); + + // Use, 'create_function', if a multi-function test is needed + // + // return array_filter($dirlist, create_function('$path', 'return is_file($path);')); + // +} + +// ------------ + +foreach(plain_files('/tmp/') as $path) +{ + echo $path . "\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.6 +$dirname = '/tmp/'; + +// Full paths +$pathlist = glob($dirname . '*.c'); + +// File names only - glob-based matching +$filelist = array_filter(scandir($dirname), + create_function('$file', 'return fnmatch("*.c", $file);')); + +// ---------------------------- + +$dirname = '/tmp/'; + +// File names only - regex-based matching [case-insensitive] +$filelist = array_filter(scandir($dirname), + create_function('$file', 'return eregi("\.[ch]$", $file);')); + +// ---------------------------- + +$dirname = '/tmp/'; + +// Directory names - all-digit names +$dirs = array_filter(glob($dirname . '*', GLOB_ONLYDIR), + create_function('$path', 'return ereg("^[0-9]+$", basename($path));')); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.7 +// Recursive directory traversal function and helper: traverses a directory tree +// applying a function [and a variable number of accompanying arguments] to each +// file + +class Accumulator +{ + public $value; + public function __construct($start_value) { $this->value = $start_value; } +} + +// ------------ + +function process_directory_($op, $func_args) +{ + if (is_dir($func_args[0])) + { + $current = $func_args[0]; + foreach(scandir($current) as $entry) + { + if ($entry == '.' || $entry == '..') continue; + $func_args[0] = $current . '/' . $entry; + process_directory_($op, $func_args); + } + } + else + { + call_user_func_array($op, $func_args); + } +} + +function process_directory($op, $dir) +{ + if (!is_dir($dir)) return FALSE; + $func_args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 1); + process_directory_($op, $func_args); + return TRUE; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +$dirlist = array('/tmp/d1', '/tmp/d2', '/tmp/d3'); + +// Do something with each directory in the list +foreach($dirlist as $dir) +{ + ; + // Delete directory [if empty] -> rmdir($dir); + // Make it the 'current directory' -> chdir($dir); + // Get list of files it contains -> $filelist = scandir($dir); + // Get directory metadata -> $ds = stat($dir); +} + +// ------------ + +$dirlist = array('/tmp/d1', '/tmp/d2', '/tmp/d3'); + +function pf($path) +{ + // ... do something to the file or directory ... + printf("%s\n", $path); +} + +// For each directory in the list ... +foreach($dirlist as $dir) +{ + // Is this a valid directory ? + if (!is_dir($dir)) { printf("%s does not exist\n", $dir); continue; } + + // Ok, so get all the directory's entries + $filelist = scandir($dir); + + // An 'empty' directory will contain at least two entries: '..' and '.' + if (count($filelist) == 2) { printf("%s is empty\n", $dir); continue; } + + // For each file / directory in the directory ... + foreach($filelist as $file) + { + // Ignore '..' and '.' entries + if ($file == '.' || $file == '..') continue; + + // Apply function to process the file / directory + pf($dir . '/' . $file); + } +} + +// ---------------------------- + +function accum_filesize($file, $accum) +{ + is_file($file) && ($accum->value += filesize($file)); +} + +// ------------ + +// Verify arguments ... +$argc == 2 || die("usage: {$argv[0]} dir\n"); +$dir = $argv[1]; + +is_dir($dir) || die("{$dir} does not exist / not a directory\n"); + +// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results] +$dirsize = new Accumulator(0); +process_directory('accum_filesize', $dir, $dirsize); + +// Report results +printf("%s contains %d bytes\n", $dir, $dirsize->value); + +// ---------------------------- + +function biggest_file($file, $accum) +{ + if (is_file($file)) + { + $fs = filesize($file); + if ($accum->value[1] < $fs) { $accum->value[0] = $file; $accum->value[1] = $fs; } + } +} + +// ------------ + +// Verify arguments ... +$argc == 2 || die("usage: {$argv[0]} dir\n"); +$dir = $argv[1]; + +is_dir($dir) || die("{$dir} does not exist / not a directory\n"); + +// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results] +$biggest = new Accumulator(array('', 0)); +process_directory('biggest_file', $dir, $biggest); + +// Report results +printf("Biggest file is %s containing %d bytes\n", $biggest->value[0], $biggest->value[1]); + +// ---------------------------- + +function youngest_file($file, $accum) +{ + if (is_file($file)) + { + $fct = filectime($file); + if ($accum->value[1] > $fct) { $accum->value[0] = $file; $accum->value[1] = $fct; } + } +} + +// ------------ + +// Verify arguments ... +$argc == 2 || die("usage: {$argv[0]} dir\n"); +$dir = $argv[1]; + +is_dir($dir) || die("{$dir} does not exist / not a directory\n"); + +// Collect data [use an object to accumulate results] +$youngest = new Accumulator(array('', 2147483647)); +process_directory('youngest_file', $dir, $youngest); + +// Report results +printf("Youngest file is %s dating %s\n", $youngest->value[0], date(DATE_ATOM, $youngest->value[1])); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.8 +// AFAICT, there is currently no library function that recursively removes a +// directory tree [i.e. a directory, it's subdirectories, and any other files] +// with a single call. Such a function needs to be custom built. PHP tools +// with which to do this: +// * 'unlink', 'rmdir', 'is_dir', and 'is_file' functions, will all take care +// of the file testing and deletion +// * Actual directory traversal requires obtaining directory / subdirectory +// lists, and here there is much choice available, though care must be taken +// as each has it's own quirks +// - 'opendir', 'readdir', 'closedir' +// - 'scandir' +// - 'glob' +// - SPL 'directory iterator' classes [newish / experimental - not shown here] +// +// The PHP documentation for 'rmdir' contains several examples, each illustrating +// one of each approach; the example shown here is loosely based on one of these +// examples + +// Recursor - recursively traverses directory tree +function rmtree_($dir) +{ + $dir = "$dir"; + + if ($dh = opendir($dir)) + { + while (FALSE !== ($item = readdir($dh))) + { + if ($item != '.' && $item != '..') + { + $subdir = $dir . '/' . "$item"; + + if (is_dir($subdir)) rmtree_($subdir); + else @unlink($subdir); + } + } + + closedir($dh); @rmdir($dir); + } +} + +// Launcher - performs validation then starts recursive routine +function rmtree($dir) +{ + if (is_dir($dir)) + { + (substr($dir, -1, 1) == '/') && ($dir = substr($dir, 0, -1)); + rmtree_($dir); return !is_dir($dir); + } + + return FALSE; +} + +// ------------ + +$argc == 2 || die("usage: rmtree dir\n"); + +rmtree($argv[1]) || die("Could not remove directory {$argv[1]}\n"); + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.9 +$filepairs = array('x.txt' => 'x2.txt', 'y.txt' => 'y.doc', 'zxc.txt' => 'cxz.txt'); + +foreach($filepairs as $oldfile => $newfile) +{ + @rename($oldfile, $newfile) || fwrite(STDERR, sprintf("Could not rename %s to %s\n", $oldfile, $newfile)); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// Call a system command utility via, 'exec'. *NIX-specific example. Could check whether, +// 'exec', succeeded, but checking whether a renamed file exists after the operation might +// be a better approach + +$oldfile = '/tmp/old'; $newfile = '/tmp/new'; + +is_file($newfile) && unlink($newfile); + +exec(trim('mv --force ' . escapeshellarg($oldfile) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($newfile))); + +is_file($oldfile) || die("Problem renaming file {$oldfile} to file {$newfile}\n"); + +// For other operating systems just change: +// * filenames +// * command being 'exec'ed +// as the rest of the code is platform independant + +// ---------------------------- + +// A modified implementation of Larry's Filename Fixer. Rather than passing +// a single expression, a 'from' regexp is passed; each match in the file +// name(s) is changed to the value of 'to'. It otherwise behaves the same +// + +$argc > 2 || die("usage: rename from to [file ...]\n"); + +$from = $argv[1]; +$to = $argv[2]; + +if (count(($argv = array_slice($argv, 3))) < 1) + while (!feof(STDIN)) $argv[] = substr(fgets(STDIN), 0, -1); + +foreach($argv as $file) +{ + $was = $file; + $file = ereg_replace($from, $to, $file); + + if (strcmp($was, $file) != 0) + @rename($was, $file) || fwrite(STDERR, sprintf("Could not rename %s to %s\n", $was, $file)); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.10 +$base = basename($path); +$dir = dirname($path); + +// PHP's equivalent to Perl's 'fileparse' +$pathinfo = pathinfo($path); + +$base = $pathinfo['basename']; +$dir = $pathinfo['dirname']; +$ext = $pathinfo['extension']; + +// ---------------------------- + +$path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'; + +printf("dir is %s, file is %s\n", dirname($path), basename($path)); + +// ------------ + +$path = '/usr/lib/libc.a'; + +$pathinfo = pathinfo($path); + +printf("dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s\n", $pathinfo['dirname'], $pathinfo['basename'], $pathinfo['extension']); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Handle Mac example as a simple parse task. However, AFAIK, 'pathinfo' is cross-platform, +// so should handle file path format differences transparently +$path = 'Hard%20Drive:System%20Folder:README.txt'; + +$macp = array_combine(array('drive', 'folder', 'filename'), split("\:", str_replace('%20', ' ', $path))); +$macf = array_combine(array('name', 'extension'), split("\.", $macp['filename'])); + +printf("dir is %s, name is %s, extension is %s\n", ($macp['drive'] . ':' . $macp['folder']), $macf['name'], ('.' . $macf['extension'])); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Not really necessary since we have, 'pathinfo', but better matches Perl example +function file_extension($filename, $separator = '.') +{ + return end(split(("\\" . $separator), $filename)); +} + +// ---- + +echo file_extension('readme.txt') . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.11 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_9.12 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.0 +// Since defined at outermost scope, $greeted may be considered a global variable +$greeted = 0; + +// ------------ + +// Must use, 'global', keyword to inform functions that $greeted already exists as +// a global variable. If this is not done, a local variable of that name is implicitly +// defined +function howManyGreetings() +{ + global $greeted; + return $greeted; +} + +function hello() +{ + global $greeted; + $greeted++; + echo "high there!, this procedure has been called {$greeted} times\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +hello(); +$greetings = howManyGreetings(); +echo "bye there!, there have been {$greetings} greetings so far\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.1 +// Conventionally-defined function together with parameter list +function hypotenuse($side1, $side2) +{ + return sqrt(pow($side1, 2) + pow($side2, 2)); +} + +// ---- + +// Alternative is to define the function without parameter list, then use +// 'func_get_arg' to extract arguments +function hypotenuse() +{ + // Could check number of arguments passed with: 'func_num_args', which + // would be the approach used if dealing with variable number of arguments + $side1 = func_get_arg(0); $side2 = func_get_arg(1); + + return sqrt(pow($side1, 2) + pow($side2, 2)); +} + +// ------------ + +// 1. Conventional function call +$diag = hypotenuse(3, 4); + +// ------------ + +// 2. Function call using, 'call_user_func' library routines +$funcname = 'hypotenuse'; + +// a. Pass function name, and variable number of arguments +$diag = call_user_func($funcname, 3, 4); + +// b. Package arguments as array, pass together with function name +$args = array(3, 4); +$diag = call_user_func_array($funcname, $args); + +// ---------------------------- + +$nums = array(1.4, 3.5, 6.7); + +// ------------ + +// Pass-by-value +function int_all($arr) +{ + return array_map(create_function('$n', 'return (int) $n;'), $arr); +} + +// Pass-by-reference +function trunc_em(&$n) +{ + foreach ($n as &$value) $value = (int) $value; +} + +// ------------ + +// $nums untouched; $ints is new array +$ints = int_all($nums); + +// $nums updated +trunc_em($nums); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.2 +// Strictly-speaking, PHP is neither lexically [no environment capture] nor +// dynamically [no variable shadowing] scoped. A script in which several +// functions have been defined has two, entirely separate, scopes: +// +// * A 'top-level' scope i.e. everything outside each function +// +// * A 'local scope' within each function; each function is a self-contained +// entity and cannot [via conventional means] access variables outside its +// local scope. Accessing a variable that has not been locally defined +// serves to define it i.e. accessing a variable assumed to be global +// sees a local variable of that name defined +// +// The way 'global' variables are provided is via a predefined array of +// variable names, $GLOBALS [it is one of a special set of variables known +// as 'superglobals'; such variables *are* accessable in all scopes]. Each +// entry in this array is a 'global' variable name, and may be freely +// accessed / updated. A more convenient means of accessing such variables +// is via the 'global' keyword: one or more variables within a function is +// declared 'global', and those names are then taken to refer to entries +// in the $GLOBALS array rather than seeing local variables of that name +// accessed or defined + +function some_func() +{ + // Variables declared within a function are local to that function + $variable = 'something'; +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// Top-level declared variables +$name = $argv[1]; $age = $argv[2]; + +$c = fetch_time(); + +$condition = 0; + +// ------------ + +function run_check() +{ + // The globally-declared variable, '$condition', is not accessable within + // the function unless it declared as 'global. Had this not been done then + // attempts to access, '$condition', would have seen a local variable + // of that name declared and updated. Same applies to other variables + global $condition, $name, $age, $c; + + $condition = 1; + // ... +} + +function check_x($x) +{ + $y = 'whatever'; + + // This function only has access to the parameter, '$x', and the locally + // declared variable, '$y'. + + // Whilst 'run_check' has access to several global variables, the current + // function does not. For it to access the global variable, '$condition', + // it must be declared 'global' + run_check(); + + global $condition; + + // 'run_check' will have updated, '$condition', and since it has been + // declared 'global' here, it is accessable + + if ($condition) + { + ; // ... + } +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.3 +// Local scopes are not created in the same way as in Perl [by simply enclosing +// within braces]: only via the creation of functions are local scopes created + +// Doesn't create a local scope; '$myvariable' is created at top-level +{ + $myvariable = 7; +} + +// '$myvariable' is accessable here +echo $myvariable . "\n"; + +// ------------ + +{ + $counter = 0; + + // Local scope created within function, but not within surrounding braces + // so: + // * '$counter' is actually a top-level variable, so globally accessable + // * 'next_counter' has no implict access to '$counter'; must be granted + // via 'global' keyword + + function next_counter() { global $counter; $counter++; } +} + +// ---------------------------- + +// PHP doesn't, AFAIK, offer an equivalent to Perl's BEGIN block. Similar +// behaviour may be obtained by defining a class, and including such code +// in its constructor + +class BEGIN +{ + private $myvariable; + + function __construct() + { + $this->myvariable = 5; + } + + function othersub() + { + echo $this->myvariable . "\n"; + } +} + +// ------------ + +$b = new BEGIN(); + +$b->othersub(); + +// ---------------------------- + +// PHP, like C, supports 'static' local variables, that is, those that upon +// first access are initialised, and thence retain their value between function +// calls. However, the 'counter' example is better implemented as a class + +class Counter +{ + private $counter; + + function __construct($counter_init) + { + $this->counter = $counter_init; + } + + function next_counter() { $this->counter++; return $this->counter; } + function prev_counter() { $this->counter; return $this->counter; } +} + +// ------------ + +$counter = new Counter(42); +echo $counter->next_counter() . "\n"; +echo $counter->next_counter() . "\n"; +echo $counter->prev_counter() . "\n"; + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.4 +// AFAICT there is no means of obtaining the name of the currently executing +// function, or, for that matter, perform any stack / activation record, +// inspection. It *is* possible to: +// +// * Obtain a list of the currently-defined functions ['get_defined_functions'] +// * Check whether a specific function exists ['function_exists'] +// * Use the 'Reflection API' +// +// So, to solve this problem would seem to require adopting a convention where +// a string representing the function name is passed as an argument, or a local +// variable [perhaps called, '$name'] is so set [contrived, and of limited use] + +function whoami() +{ + $name = 'whoami'; + echo "I am: {$name}\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +whoami(); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.5 +// In PHP all items exist as 'memory references' [i.e. non-modifiable pointers], +// so when passing an item as a function argument, or returning an item from +// a function, it is this 'memory reference' that is passed, and *not* the +// contents of that item. Should several references to an item exist [e.g. if +// passed to a function then at least two such references would exist in +// different scopes] they would all be refering to the same copy of the item. +// However, if an attempt is made to alter the item is made, a copy is made +// and it is the copy that is altered, leaving the original intact. +// +// The PHP reference mechanism is used to selectively prevent this behaviour, +// and ensure that if a change is made to an item that no copy is made, and that +// it is the original item that is changed. Importantly, there is no efficiency +// gain from passing function parameters using references if the parameter item +// is not altered. + +// A copy of the item referred to by, '$arr', is made, and altered; original +// remains intact +function array_by_value($arr) +{ + $arr[0] = 7; + echo $arr[0] . "\n"; +} + +// No copy is made; original item referred to by, '$arr', is altered +function array_by_ref(&$arr) +{ + $arr[0] = 7; + echo $arr[0] . "\n"; +} + +// ------------ + +$arr = array(1, 2, 3); + +echo $arr[0] . "\n"; // output: 1 +array_by_value($arr); // output: 7 +echo $arr[0] . "\n"; // output: 1 + +$arr = array(1, 2, 3); + +echo $arr[0] . "\n"; // output: 1 +array_by_ref($arr); // output: 7 +echo $arr[0] . "\n"; // output: 7 + +// ---------------------------- + +// Since, 'add_vecpair', does not attempt to alter either, '$x' or '$y', it makes +// no difference whether they are 'passed by value', or 'passed by reference' +function add_vecpair($x, $y) +{ + $r = array(); + $length = count($x); + for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) $r[$i] = $x[$i] + $y[$i]; + return $r; +} + +// ... +count($arr1) == count($arr2) || die("usage: add_vecpair ARR1 ARR2\n"); + +// 'passed by value' +$arr3 = add_vecpair($arr1, $arr2); + +// 'passed by reference' [also possible to override default 'passed by value' +// if required] +$arr3 = add_vecpair(&$arr1, &$arr2); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.6 +// PHP can be described as a dynamically typed language because variables serve +// as identifiers, and the same variable may refer to data of various types. +// As such, the set of arguments passed to a function may vary in type between +// calls, as can the type of return value. Where this is likely to occur type +// checking should be performed either / both within the function body, and +// when obtaining it's return value. As for Perl-style 'return context', I +// don't believe it is supported by PHP + +// Can return any type +function mysub() +{ + // ... + return 5; + // ... + return array(5); + // ... + return '5'; +} + +// Throw away return type [i.e. returns a 'void' type ?] +mysub(); + +// Check return type. Can do via: +// * gettype($var) +// * is_xxx e.g. is_array($var), is_muneric($var), ... +$ret = mysub(); + +if (is_numeric($ret)) +{ + ; // ... +} + +if (is_array($ret)) +{ + ; // ... +} + +if (is_string($ret)) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.7 +// PHP doesn't directly support named / keyword parameters, but these can be +// easily mimiced using a class of key / value pairs, and passing a variable +// number of arguments + +class KeyedValue +{ + public $key, $value; + public function __construct($key, $value) { $this->key = $key; $this->value = $value; } +} + +function the_func() +{ + foreach (func_get_args() as $arg) + { + printf("Key: %10s|Value:%10s\n", $arg->key, $arg->value); + } +} + +// ---- + +the_func(new KeyedValue('name', 'Bob'), + new KeyedValue('age', 36), + new KeyedValue('income', 51000)); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Alternatively, an associative array of key / value pairs may be constructed. +// With the aid of the 'extract' built-in function, the key part of this array +// may be intsntiated to a variable name, thus more closely approximating the +// behaviour of true named parameters + +function the_func($var_array) +{ + extract($var_array); + + if (isset($name)) printf("Name: %s\n", $name); + if (isset($age)) printf("Age: %s\n", $age); + if (isset($income)) printf("Income: %s\n", $income); +} + +// ---- + +the_func(array('name' => 'Bob', 'age' => 36, 'income' => 51000)); + +// ---------------------------- + +class RaceTime +{ + public $time, $dim; + public function __construct($time, $dim) { $this->time = $time; $this->dim = $dim; } +} + +function the_func($var_array) +{ + extract($var_array); + + if (isset($start_time)) printf("start: %d - %s\n", $start_time->time, $start_time->dim); + if (isset($finish_time)) printf("finish: %d - %s\n", $finish_time->time, $finish_time->dim); + if (isset($incr_time)) printf("incr: %d - %s\n", $incr_time->time, $incr_time->dim); +} + +// ---- + +the_func(array('start_time' => new RaceTime(20, 's'), + 'finish_time' => new RaceTime(5, 'm'), + 'incr_time' => new RaceTime(3, 'm'))); + +the_func(array('start_time' => new RaceTime(5, 'm'), + 'finish_time' => new RaceTime(30, 'm'))); + +the_func(array('start_time' => new RaceTime(30, 'm'))); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.8 +// The 'list' keyword [looks like a function but is actually a special language +// construct] may be used to perform multiple assignments from a numerically +// indexed array of values, and offers the added bonus of being able to skip +// assignment of one, or more, of those values + +function func() { return array(3, 6, 9); } + +// ------------ + +list($a, $b, $c) = array(6, 7, 8); + +// Provided 'func' returns an numerically-indexed array, the following +// multiple assignment will work +list($a, $b, $c) = func(); + +// Any existing variables no longer wanted would need to be 'unset' +unset($b); + +// As above, but second element of return array discarded +list($a,,$c) = func(); + +// ---------------------------- + +// Care needed to ensure returned array is numerically-indexed +list($dev, $ino,,,$uid) = array_slice(array_values(stat($filename)), 0, 13); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.9 +// Multiple return values are possible via packing a set of values within a +// numerically-indexed array and using 'list' to extract them + +function some_func() { return array(array(1, 2, 3), array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2)); } + +// ------------ + +list($arr, $hash) = some_func(); + +// ---------------------------- + +function some_func(&$arr, &$hash) { return array($arr, $hash); } + +// ------------ + +$arrin = array(1, 2, 3); $hashin = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2); + +list($arr, $hash) = some_func($arrin, $hashin); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.10 +// AFAICT, most of the PHP library functions are designed to return some required +// value on success, and FALSE on exit. Whilst it is possible to return NULL, or +// one of the recognised 'empty' values [e.g. '' or 0 or an empty array etc], +// FALSE actually seems to be the preferred means of indicating failure + +function a_func() { return FALSE; } + +a_func() || die("Function failed\n"); + +if (!a_func()) die("Function failed\n"); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.11 +// Whether PHP is seen to support prototyping depends on the accepted +// definition of this term: +// +// * Prototyping along the lines used in Ada, Modula X, and even C / C++, +// in which a function's interface is declared separately from its +// implementation, is *not* supported +// +// * Prototyping in which, as part of the function definition, parameter +// information must be supplied. In PHP a function definition neither +// parameter, nor return type, information needs to be supplied, though +// it is usual to see a parameter list supplied [indicates the number, +// positional order, and optionally, whether a parameter is passed by +// reference; no type information is present]. In short, prototyping in +// PHP is optional, and limited + +function func_with_one_arg($arg1) +{ + ; // ... +} + +function func_with_two_arg($arg1, $arg2) +{ + ; // ... +} + +function func_with_three_arg($arg1, $arg2, $arg3) +{ + ; // ... +} + +// The following may be interpreted as meaning a function accepting no +// arguments: +function func_with_no_arg() +{ + ; // ... +} + +// whilst the following may mean a function taking zero or more arguments +function func_with_no_arg_information() +{ + ; // ... +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.12 +// Unlike in Perl, PHP's 'die' [actually an alias for 'exit'] doesn't throw +// an exception, but instead terminates the script, optionally either +// returning an integer value to the operating system, or printing a message. +// So, the following, does not exhibit the same behaviour as the Perl example + +die("some message\n"); + +// Instead, like so many modern languages, PHP implements exception handling +// via the 'catch' and 'throw' keywords. Furthermore, a C++ or Java programmer +// would find PHP's exception handling facility remarkably similar to those +// of their respective languages. A simple, canonical example follows: + +// Usual to derive new exception classes from the built-in, 'Exception', +// class +class MyException extends Exception +{ + // ... +} + +// ... + +try +{ + // ... + if ($some_problem_detected) throw new MyException('some message', $some_error_code); + // .. +} + +catch (MyException $e) +{ + ; // ... handle the problem ... +} + +// ---------------------------- + +class FullMoonException extends Exception +{ + // ... +} + +// ... + +try +{ + // ... + if ($some_problem_detected) throw new FullMoonException('...', $full_moon_error_code); + // .. +} + +catch (FullMoonException $e) +{ + // ... rethrow the exception - will propagate to higher level ... + throw $e; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.13 +// Please refer to discussion about PHP scope in section two of this chapter. +// Briefly, PHP assumes a variable name within a function to be local unless +// it has been specifically declared with the, 'global', keyword, in which +// case it refers to a variable in the 'superglobal' array, '$GLOBALS'. Thus, +// inadvertant variable name shadowing cannot occur since it is it not possible +// to use the same name to refer to both a local and a global variable. If +// accessing a global variable care should be taken to not accidentally update +// it. The techniques used in this section are simply not required. + +// *** NOT TRANSLATED *** + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.14 +// In PHP once a function has been defined it remains defined. In other words, +// it cannot be undefined / deleted, nor can that particular function name be +// reused to reference another function body. Even the lambda-like functions +// created via the 'create_function' built-in, cannot be undefined [they exist +// until script termination, thus creating too many of these can actually +// exhaust memory !]. However, since the latter can be assigned to variables, +// the same variable name can be used to reference difference functions [and +// when this is done the reference to the previous function is lost (unless +// deliberately saved), though the function itself continues to exist]. +// +// If, however, all that is needed is a simple function aliasing facility, +// then just assign the function name to a variable, and execute using the +// variable name + +// Original function +function expand() { echo "expand\n"; } + +// Prove that function exists +echo (function_exists('expand') ? 'yes' : 'no') . "\n"; + +// Use a variable to alias it +$grow = 'expand'; + +// Call function via original name, and variable, respectively +expand(); + +$grow(); + +// Remove alias variable +unset($grow); + +// ---------------------------- + +function fred() { echo "fred\n"; } + +$barney = 'fred'; + +$barney(); + +unset($barney); + +fred(); + +// ------------ + +$fred = create_function('', 'echo "fred\n";'); + +$barney = $fred; + +$barney(); + +unset($barney); + +$fred(); + +// ---------------------------- + +function red($text) { return "<FONT COLOR='red'>$text</FONT>"; } + +echo red('careful here') . "\n"; + +// ------------ + +$colour = 'red'; + +$$colour = create_function('$text', 'global $colour; +return "<FONT COLOR=\'$colour\'>$text</FONT>";'); + +echo $$colour('careful here') . "\n"; + +unset($$colour); + +// ---- + +$colours = split(' ', 'red blue green yellow orange purple violet'); + +foreach ($colours as $colour) +{ + $$colour = create_function('$text', 'global $colour; + return "<FONT COLOR=\'$colour\'>$text</FONT>";'); +} + +foreach ($colours as $colour) { echo $$colour("Careful with this $colour, James") . "\n"; } + +foreach ($colours as $colour) { unset($$colour); } + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.15 +// PHP sports an AUTOLOAD facility that is quite easy to use, but, AFAICT, is geared +// towards the detection of unavailable classes rather than for individual functions. +// Here is a rudimentary example: + +function __autoload($classname) +{ + if (!file_exists($classname)) + { + // Class file does not exist, so handle situation; in this case, + // issue error message, and exit program + die("File for class: {$classname} not found - aborting\n"); + } + else + { + // Class file exists, so load it + require_once $classname; + } +} + +// ------------ + +// Attempt to instantiate object of undefined class +new UnknownClassObject(); + +// Execution continues here if class exists +// ... + +// ---------------------------- + +// It is also possible to perform [quite extensive] introspection on functions, +// variables etc, so it is possible to check whether a function exists before +// executing it, thus allowing a non-existent functions to be searched for and +// loaded from a source file, or perhaps dynamically defined. An example of what +// could be described as a custom autoload facility appears below. + +$colours = array('red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow', 'orange', 'purple', 'violet'); + +foreach ($colours as $colour) +{ + $$colour = create_function('$text', 'global $colour; + return "<FONT COLOR=\'$colour\'>$text</FONT>";'); +} + +// Let's add a new colour to the list +array_push($colours, 'chartreuse'); + +foreach ($colours as $colour) +{ + // Checking whether function is defined + if (!function_exists($$colour)) + { + // Doesn't exist, so dynamically define it + $$colour = create_function('$text', 'global $colour; + return "<FONT COLOR=\'$colour\'>$text</FONT>";'); + + // Alternatively, if it exists in a source file, 'include' the file: + // include 'newcolours.php' + } + + echo $$colour("Careful with this $colour, James") . "\n"; +} + +foreach ($colours as $colour) unset($$colour); + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.16 +// *** Warning *** Whilst PHP *does* allow functions to be defined within other +// functions it needs to be clearly understood that these 'inner' functions: +// * Do not exist until the outer function is called a first time, at which time +// they then remain defined +// * Are global in scope, so are accessable outside the function by their name; +// the fact that they are nested within another function has, AFAICT, no bearing +// on name resolution +// * Do not form a closure: the inner function is merely 'parked' within the +// outer function, and has no implicit access to the outer function's variables +// or other inner functions + +function outer($arg) +{ + $x = $arg + 35; + function inner() { return $x * 19; } + + // *** wrong *** 'inner' returns 0 * 19, not ($arg + 35) * 19 + return $x + inner(); +} + +// ---------------------------- + +function outer($arg) +{ + $x = $arg + 35; + + // No implicit access to outer function scope; any required data must be + // explicity passed + function inner($x) { return $x * 19; } + + return $x + inner($x); +} + +// ------------ + +// Equivalent to previously-shown code +function inner($x) +{ + return $x * 19; +} + +function outer($arg) +{ + $x = $arg + 35; + return $x + inner($x); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_10.17 +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ +// @@INCOMPLETE@@ + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.1 +// Run a command and return its results as a string. +$output_string = shell_exec('program args'); + +// Same as above, using backtick operator. +$output_string = `program args`; + +// Run a command and return its results as a list of strings, +// one per line. +$output_lines = array(); +exec('program args', $output_lines); + +// ----------------------------- + +// The only way to execute a program without using the shell is to +// use pcntl_exec(). However, there is no way to do redirection, so +// you can't capture its output. + +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status); +} else { + // Note that pcntl_exec() automatically prepends the program name + // to the array of arguments; the program name cannot be spoofed. + pcntl_exec($program, array($arg1, $arg2)); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.2 +// Run a simple command and retrieve its result code. +exec("vi $myfile", $output, $result_code); + +// ----------------------------- + +// Use the shell to perform redirection. +exec('cmd1 args | cmd2 | cmd3 >outfile'); +exec('cmd args <infile >outfile 2>errfile'); + +// ----------------------------- + +// Run a command, handling its result code or signal. +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status); + if (pcntl_wifexited($status)) { + $status = pcntl_wexitstatus($status); + echo "program exited with status $status\n"; + } elseif (pcntl_wifsignaled($status)) { + $signal = pcntl_wtermsig($status); + echo "program killed by signal $signal\n"; + } elseif (pcntl_wifstopped($status)) { + $signal = pcntl_wstopsig($status); + echo "program stopped by signal $signal\n"; + } +} else { + pcntl_exec($program, $args); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// Run a command while blocking interrupt signals. +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + // parent catches INT and berates user + declare(ticks = 1); + function handle_sigint($signal) { + echo "Tsk tsk, no process interruptus\n"; + } + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'handle_sigint'); + while (!pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status, WNOHANG)) {} +} else { + // child ignores INT and does its thing + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); + pcntl_exec('/bin/sleep', array('10')); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// Since there is no direct access to execv() and friends, and +// pcntl_exec() won't let us supply an alternate program name +// in the argument list, there is no way to run a command with +// a different name in the process table. + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.3 +// Transfer control to the shell to run another program. +pcntl_exec('/bin/sh', array('-c', 'archive *.data')); +// Transfer control directly to another program. +pcntl_exec('/path/to/archive', array('accounting.data')); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.4 +// Handle each line in the output of a process. +$readme = popen('program arguments', 'r'); +while (!feof($readme)) { + $line = fgets($readme); + if ($line === false) break; + // ... +} +pclose($readme); + +// ----------------------------- + +// Write to the input of a process. +$writeme = popen('program arguments', 'w'); +fwrite($writeme, 'data'); +pclose($writeme); + +// ----------------------------- + +// Wait for a process to complete. +$f = popen('sleep 1000000', 'r'); // child goes to sleep +pclose($f); // and parent goes to lala land + +// ----------------------------- + +$writeme = popen('program arguments', 'w'); +fwrite($writeme, "hello\n"); // program will get hello\n on STDIN +pclose($writeme); // program will get EOF on STDIN + +// ----------------------------- + +// Output buffering callback that sends output to the pager. +function ob_pager($output, $mode) { + static $pipe; + if ($mode & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_START) { + $pager = getenv('PAGER'); + if (!$pager) $pager = '/usr/bin/less'; // XXX: might not exist + $pipe = popen($pager, 'w'); + } + fwrite($pipe, $output); + if ($mode & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_END) { + pclose($pipe); + } +} + +// Redirect standard output to the pager. +ob_start('ob_pager'); + +// Do something useful that writes to standard output, then +// close the output buffer. +// ... +ob_end_flush(); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.5 +// Output buffering: Only display a certain number of lines of output. +class Head { + function Head($lines=20) { + $this->lines = $lines; + } + + function filter($output, $mode) { + $result = array(); + $newline = ''; + if (strlen($output) > 0 && $output[strlen($output) - 1] == "\n") { + $newline = "\n"; + $output = substr($output, 0, -1); + } + foreach (explode("\n", $output) as $i => $line) { + if ($this->lines > 0) { + $this->lines--; + $result[] = $line; + } + } + return $result ? implode("\n", $result) . $newline : ''; + } +} + +// Output buffering: Prepend line numbers to each line of output. +class Number { + function Number() { + $this->line_number = 0; + } + + function filter($output, $mode) { + $result = array(); + $newline = ''; + if (strlen($output) > 0 && $output[strlen($output) - 1] == "\n") { + $newline = "\n"; + $output = substr($output, 0, -1); + } + foreach (explode("\n", $output) as $i => $line) { + $this->line_number++; + $result[] = $this->line_number . ': ' . $line; + } + return implode("\n", $result) . $newline; + } +} + +// Output buffering: Prepend "> " to each line of output. +class Quote { + function Quote() { + } + + function filter($output, $mode) { + $result = array(); + $newline = ''; + if (strlen($output) > 0 && $output[strlen($output) - 1] == "\n") { + $newline = "\n"; + $output = substr($output, 0, -1); + } + foreach (explode("\n", $output) as $i => $line) { + $result[] = "> $line"; + } + return implode("\n", $result) . $newline; + } +} + +// Use arrays as callbacks to register filter methods. +ob_start(array(new Head(100), 'filter')); +ob_start(array(new Number(), 'filter')); +ob_start(array(new Quote(), 'filter')); + +// Act like /bin/cat. +while (!feof(STDIN)) { + $line = fgets(STDIN); + if ($line === false) break; + echo $line; +} + +// Should match number of calls to ob_start(). +ob_end_flush(); +ob_end_flush(); +ob_end_flush(); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.6 +// Process command-line arguments using fopen(). PHP supports URLs for +// filenames as long as the "allow_url_fopen" configuration option is set. +// +// Valid URL protocols include: +// - http://www.myserver.com/myfile.html +// - ftp://ftp.myserver.com/myfile.txt +// - compress.zlib://myfile.gz +// - php://stdin +// +// See http://www.php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php for details. +// +$filenames = array_slice($argv, 1); +if (!$filenames) $filenames = array('php://stdin'); +foreach ($filenames as $filename) { + $handle = @fopen($filename, 'r'); + if ($handle) { + while (!feof($handle)) { + $line = fgets($handle); + if ($line === false) break; + // ... + } + fclose($handle); + } else { + die("can't open $filename\n"); + } +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.7 +$output = `cmd 2>&1`; // with backticks +// or +$ph = popen('cmd 2>&1'); // with an open pipe +while (!feof($ph)) { $line = fgets($ph); } // plus a read +// ----------------------------- +$output = `cmd 2>/dev/null`; // with backticks +// or +$ph = popen('cmd 2>/dev/null'); // with an open pipe +while (!feof($ph)) { $line = fgets($ph); } // plus a read +// ----------------------------- +$output = `cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null`; // with backticks +// or +$ph = popen('cmd 2>&1 1>/dev/null'); // with an open pipe +while (!feof($ph)) { $line = fgets($ph); } // plus a read +// ----------------------------- +$output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`; // with backticks +// or +$ph = popen('cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-|'); // with an open pipe +while (!feof($ph)) { $line = fgets($ph); } // plus a read +// ----------------------------- +exec('program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr'); +// ----------------------------- +$output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`; +// ----------------------------- +$fd3 = $fd1; +$fd1 = $fd2; +$fd2 = $fd3; +$fd3 = null; +// ----------------------------- +exec('prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1'); +exec('prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile'); +// ----------------------------- +// exec('prog args 1>tmpfile 2>&1'); +$fd1 = "tmpfile"; // change stdout destination first +$fd2 = $fd1; // now point stderr there, too +// ----------------------------- +// exec('prog args 2>&1 1>tmpfile'); +$fd2 = $fd1; // stderr same destination as stdout +$fd1 = "tmpfile"; // but change stdout destination + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.8 +// Connect to input and output of a process. +$proc = proc_open($program, + array(0 => array('pipe', 'r'), + 1 => array('pipe', 'w')), + $pipes); +if (is_resource($proc)) { + fwrite($pipes[0], "here's your input\n"); + fclose($pipes[0]); + echo stream_get_contents($pipes[1]); + fclose($pipes[1]); + $result_code = proc_close($proc); + echo "$result_code\n"; +} + +// ----------------------------- + +$all = array(); +$outlines = array(); +$errlines = array(); +exec("( $cmd | sed -e 's/^/stdout: /' ) 2>&1", $all); +foreach ($all as $line) { + $pos = strpos($line, 'stdout: '); + if ($pos !== false && $pos == 0) { + $outlines[] = substr($line, 8); + } else { + $errlines[] = $line; + } +} +print("STDOUT:\n"); +print_r($outlines); +print("\n"); +print("STDERR:\n"); +print_r($errlines); +print("\n"); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.9 +$proc = proc_open($cmd, + array(0 => array('pipe', 'r'), + 1 => array('pipe', 'w'), + 2 => array('pipe', 'w')), + $pipes); + +if (is_resource($proc)) { + // give end of file to kid, or feed him + fclose($pipes[0]); + + // read till EOF + $outlines = array(); + while (!feof($pipes[1])) { + $line = fgets($pipes[1]); + if ($line === false) break; + $outlines[] = rtrim($line); + } + + // XXX: block potential if massive + $errlines = array(); + while (!feof($pipes[2])) { + $line = fgets($pipes[2]); + if ($line === false) break; + $errlines[] = rtrim($line); + } + + fclose($pipes[1]); + fclose($pipes[2]); + proc_close($proc); + + print("STDOUT:\n"); + print_r($outlines); + print("\n"); + print("STDERR:\n"); + print_r($errlines); + print("\n"); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// cmd3sel - control all three of kids in, out, and error. +$cmd = "grep vt33 /none/such - /etc/termcap"; +$proc = proc_open($cmd, + array(0 => array('pipe', 'r'), + 1 => array('pipe', 'w'), + 2 => array('pipe', 'w')), + $pipes); + +if (is_resource($proc)) { + fwrite($pipes[0], "This line has a vt33 lurking in it\n"); + fclose($pipes[0]); + + $readers = array($pipes[1], $pipes[2]); + while (stream_select($read=$readers, + $write=null, + $except=null, + 0, 200000) > 0) { + foreach ($read as $stream) { + $line = fgets($stream); + if ($line !== false) { + if ($stream === $pipes[1]) { + print "STDOUT: $line"; + } else { + print "STDERR: $line"; + } + } + if (feof($stream)) { + $readers = array_diff($readers, array($stream)); + } + } + } + + fclose($pipes[1]); + fclose($pipes[2]); + proc_close($proc); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.10 +// PHP supports fork/exec/wait but not pipe. However, it does +// support socketpair, which can do everything pipes can as well +// as bidirectional communication. The original recipes have been +// modified here to use socketpair only. + +// ----------------------------- + +// pipe1 - use socketpair and fork so parent can send to child +$sockets = array(); +if (!socket_create_pair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, $sockets)) { + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); +} +list($reader, $writer) = $sockets; + +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + socket_close($reader); + $line = sprintf("Parent Pid %d is sending this\n", getmypid()); + if (!socket_write($writer, $line, strlen($line))) { + socket_close($writer); + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); + } + socket_close($writer); + pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status); +} else { + socket_close($writer); + $line = socket_read($reader, 1024, PHP_NORMAL_READ); + printf("Child Pid %d just read this: `%s'\n", getmypid(), rtrim($line)); + socket_close($reader); // this will happen anyway + exit(0); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// pipe2 - use socketpair and fork so child can send to parent +$sockets = array(); +if (!socket_create_pair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, $sockets)) { + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); +} +list($reader, $writer) = $sockets; + +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + socket_close($writer); + $line = socket_read($reader, 1024, PHP_NORMAL_READ); + printf("Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s'\n", getmypid(), rtrim($line)); + socket_close($reader); + pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status); +} else { + socket_close($reader); + $line = sprintf("Child Pid %d is sending this\n", getmypid()); + if (!socket_write($writer, $line, strlen($line))) { + socket_close($writer); + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); + } + socket_close($writer); // this will happen anyway + exit(0); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// pipe3 and pipe4 demonstrate the use of perl's "forking open" +// feature to reimplement pipe1 and pipe2. pipe5 uses two pipes +// to simulate socketpair. Since PHP supports socketpair but not +// pipe, and does not have a "forking open" feature, these +// examples are skipped here. + +// ----------------------------- + +// pipe6 - bidirectional communication using socketpair +$sockets = array(); +if (!socket_create_pair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, $sockets)) { + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); +} +list($child, $parent) = $sockets; + +$pid = pcntl_fork(); +if ($pid == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); +} elseif ($pid) { + socket_close($parent); + $line = sprintf("Parent Pid %d is sending this\n", getmypid()); + if (!socket_write($child, $line, strlen($line))) { + socket_close($child); + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); + } + $line = socket_read($child, 1024, PHP_NORMAL_READ); + printf("Parent Pid %d just read this: `%s'\n", getmypid(), rtrim($line)); + socket_close($child); + pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status); +} else { + socket_close($child); + $line = socket_read($parent, 1024, PHP_NORMAL_READ); + printf("Child Pid %d just read this: `%s'\n", getmypid(), rtrim($line)); + $line = sprintf("Child Pid %d is sending this\n", getmypid()); + if (!socket_write($parent, $line, strlen($line))) { + socket_close($parent); + die(socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); + } + socket_close($parent); + exit(0); +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.11 +// ----------------------------- +// % mkfifo /path/to/named.pipe +// ----------------------------- + +$fifo = fopen('/path/to/named.pipe', 'r'); +if ($fifo !== false) { + while (!feof($fifo)) { + $line = fgets($fifo); + if ($line === false) break; + echo "Got: $line"; + } + fclose($fifo); +} else { + die('could not open fifo for read'); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +$fifo = fopen('/path/to/named.pipe', 'w'); +if ($fifo !== false) { + fwrite($fifo, "Smoke this.\n"); + fclose($fifo); +} else { + die('could not open fifo for write'); +} + +// ----------------------------- +// % mkfifo ~/.plan # isn't this everywhere yet? +// % mknod ~/.plan p # in case you don't have mkfifo +// ----------------------------- + +// dateplan - place current date and time in .plan file +while (true) { + $home = getenv('HOME'); + $fifo = fopen("$home/.plan", 'w'); + if ($fifo === false) { + die("Couldn't open $home/.plan for writing.\n"); + } + fwrite($fifo, + 'The current time is ' + . strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z') + . "\n"); + fclose($fifo); + sleep(1); +} + +// ----------------------------- + +// fifolog - read and record log msgs from fifo + +$fifo = null; + +declare(ticks = 1); +function handle_alarm($signal) { + global $fifo; + if ($fifo) fclose($fifo); // move on to the next queued process +} +pcntl_signal(SIGALRM, 'handle_alarm'); + +while (true) { + pcntl_alarm(0); // turn off alarm for blocking open + $fifo = fopen('/tmp/log', 'r'); + if ($fifo === false) { + die("can't open /tmp/log"); + } + pcntl_alarm(1); // you have 1 second to log + + $service = fgets($fifo); + if ($service === false) continue; // interrupt or nothing logged + $service = rtrim($service); + + $message = fgets($fifo); + if ($message === false) continue; // interrupt or nothing logged + $message = rtrim($message); + + pcntl_alarm(0); // turn off alarms for message processing + + if ($service == 'http') { + // ignoring + } elseif ($service == 'login') { + // log to /var/log/login + $log = fopen('/var/log/login', 'a'); + if ($log !== false) { + fwrite($log, + strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z') + . " $service $message\n"); + fclose($log); + } else { + trigger_error("Couldn't log $service $message to /var/log/login\n", + E_USER_WARNING); + } + } +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.12 +// sharetest - test shared variables across forks + +$SHM_KEY = ftok(__FILE__, chr(1)); +$handle = sem_get($SHM_KEY); +$buffer = shm_attach($handle, 1024); + +// The original recipe has an INT signal handler here. However, it +// causes erratic behavior with PHP, and PHP seems to do the right +// thing without it. + +for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { + $child = pcntl_fork(); + if ($child == -1) { + die('cannot fork'); + } elseif ($child) { + $kids[] = $child; // in case we care about their pids + } else { + squabble(); + exit(); + } +} + +while (true) { + print 'Buffer is ' . shm_get_var($buffer, 1) . "\n"; + sleep(1); +} +die('Not reached'); + +function squabble() { + global $handle; + global $buffer; + $i = 0; + $pid = getmypid(); + while (true) { + if (preg_match("/^$pid\\b/", shm_get_var($buffer, 1))) continue; + sem_acquire($handle); + $i++; + shm_put_var($buffer, 1, "$pid $i"); + sem_release($handle); + } +} + +// Buffer is 14357 1 +// Buffer is 14355 3 +// Buffer is 14355 4 +// Buffer is 14354 5 +// Buffer is 14353 6 +// Buffer is 14351 8 +// Buffer is 14351 9 +// Buffer is 14350 10 +// Buffer is 14348 11 +// Buffer is 14348 12 +// Buffer is 14357 10 +// Buffer is 14357 11 +// Buffer is 14355 13 +// ... + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.13 +// Available signal constants +% php -r 'print_r(get_defined_constants());' | grep '\[SIG' | grep -v _ + [SIGHUP] => 1 + [SIGINT] => 2 + [SIGQUIT] => 3 + [SIGILL] => 4 + [SIGTRAP] => 5 + [SIGABRT] => 6 + [SIGIOT] => 6 + [SIGBUS] => 7 + [SIGFPE] => 8 + [SIGKILL] => 9 + [SIGUSR1] => 10 + [SIGSEGV] => 11 + [SIGUSR2] => 12 + [SIGPIPE] => 13 + [SIGALRM] => 14 + [SIGTERM] => 15 + [SIGSTKFLT] => 16 + [SIGCLD] => 17 + [SIGCHLD] => 17 + [SIGCONT] => 18 + [SIGSTOP] => 19 + [SIGTSTP] => 20 + [SIGTTIN] => 21 + [SIGTTOU] => 22 + [SIGURG] => 23 + [SIGXCPU] => 24 + [SIGXFSZ] => 25 + [SIGVTALRM] => 26 + [SIGPROF] => 27 + [SIGWINCH] => 28 + [SIGPOLL] => 29 + [SIGIO] => 29 + [SIGPWR] => 30 + [SIGSYS] => 31 + [SIGBABY] => 31 + +// Predefined signal handler constants +% php -r 'print_r(get_defined_constants());' | grep '\[SIG' | grep _ + [SIG_IGN] => 1 + [SIG_DFL] => 0 + [SIG_ERR] => -1 + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.14 +// send pid a signal 9 +posix_kill($pid, 9); +// send whole job a signal 1 +posix_kill($pgrp, -1); +// send myself a SIGUSR1 +posix_kill(getmypid(), SIGUSR1); +// send a SIGHUP to processes in pids +foreach ($pids as $pid) posix_kill($pid, SIGHUP); + +// ----------------------------- + +// Use kill with pseudo-signal 0 to see if process is alive. +if (posix_kill($minion, 0)) { + echo "$minion is alive!\n"; +} else { + echo "$minion is deceased.\n"; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.15 +// call got_sig_quit for every SIGQUIT +pcntl_signal(SIGQUIT, 'got_sig_quit'); +// call got_sig_pipe for every SIGPIPE +pcntl_signal(SIGPIPE, 'got_sig_pipe'); +// increment ouch for every SIGINT +function got_sig_int($signal) { global $ouch; $ouch++; } +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'got_sig_int'); +// ignore the signal INT +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); +// restore default STOP signal handling +pcntl_signal(SIGSTOP, SIG_DFL); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.16 +// the signal handler +function ding($signal) { + fwrite(STDERR, "\x07Enter your name!\n"); +} + +// prompt for name, overriding SIGINT +function get_name() { + declare(ticks = 1); + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'ding'); + + echo "Kindly Stranger, please enter your name: "; + while (!@stream_select($read=array(STDIN), + $write=null, + $except=null, + 1)) { + // allow signals to be observed + } + $name = fgets(STDIN); + + // Since pcntl_signal() doesn't return the old signal handler, the + // best we can do here is set it back to the default behavior. + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); + + return $name; +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.17 +function got_int($signal) { + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'got_int'); // but not for SIGCHLD! + // ... +} +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'got_int'); + +// ----------------------------- + +declare(ticks = 1); +$interrupted = false; + +function got_int($signal) { + global $interrupted; + $interrupted = true; + // The third argument to pcntl_signal() determines if system calls + // should be restarted after a signal. It defaults to true. + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'got_int', false); // or SIG_IGN +} +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'got_int', false); + +// ... long-running code that you don't want to restart + +if ($interrupted) { + // deal with the signal +} + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.18 +// ignore signal INT +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); + +// install signal handler +declare(ticks = 1); +function tsktsk($signal) { + fwrite(STDERR, "\x07The long habit of living indisposeth us for dying."); + pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'tsktsk'); +} +pcntl_signal(SIGINT, 'tsktsk'); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.19 +pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN); + +// ----------------------------- + +declare(ticks = 1); +function reaper($signal) { + $pid = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG); + if ($pid > 0) { + // ... + reaper($signal); + } + // install *after* calling waitpid + pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, 'reaper'); +} +pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, 'reaper'); + +// ----------------------------- + +declare(ticks = 1); +function reaper($signal) { + $pid = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG); + if ($pid == -1) { + // No child waiting. Ignore it. + } else { + if (pcntl_wifexited($signal)) { + echo "Process $pid exited.\n"; + } else { + echo "False alarm on $pid\n"; + } + reaper($signal); + } + pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, 'reaper'); +} +pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, 'reaper'); + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.20 +// PHP does not support sigprocmask(). + +// @@PLEAC@@_16.21 +declare(ticks = 1); +$aborted = false; + +function handle_alarm($signal) { + global $aborted; + $aborted = true; +} +pcntl_signal(SIGALRM, 'handle_alarm'); + +pcntl_alarm(3600); +// long-time operations here +pcntl_alarm(0); +if ($aborted) { + // timed out - do what you will here +} diff --git a/test/scanners/php/suite.rb b/test/scanners/php/suite.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d72ce3 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/suite.rb @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +class PHP < CodeRay::TestCase +end diff --git a/test/scanners/php/test.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/php/test.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30c860c --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/test.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +operator(<)operator(?)ident(php) +comment(/*)comment(*) +comment( * Zip class file) +comment( *) +comment( * @package fnord.bb) +comment( * @subpackage archive) +comment( )comment(*/) + +comment(// Unlock?) +reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)ident(defined)operator(()delimiter(')string(UNLOCK)delimiter(')operator(\)) operator(|)operator(|) operator(!)constant(UNLOCK)operator(\)) + reserved(die)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(// Load the parent archive class) +pre_type(require_once)operator(()constant(ROOT_PATH)operator(.)delimiter(')string(/classes/archive.class.php)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(/*)comment(*) +comment( * Zip class) +comment( *) +comment( * @author Manni <manni@fnord.name>) +comment( * @copyright Copyright (c\) 2006, Manni) +comment( * @version 1.0) +comment( * @link http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/popups/appnote.txt) +comment( * @link http://mannithedark.is-a-geek.net/) +comment( * @since 1.0) +comment( * @package fnord.bb) +comment( * @subpackage archive) +comment( )comment(*/) +pre_type(class) constant(Zip) pre_type(extends) constant(Archive) operator({) + comment(/*)comment(*) +comment( * Outputs the zip file) +comment( *) +comment( * This function creates the zip file with the dirs and files given.) +comment( * If the optional parameter $file is given, the zip file is will be) +comment( * saved at that location. Otherwise the function returns the zip file's content.) +comment( *) +comment( * @access public) +comment( *) +comment( * @link http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/popups/appnote.txt) +comment( * @param string $filename The path where the zip file will be saved) +comment( *) +comment( * @return bool|string Returns either true if the fil is sucessfully created or the content of the zip file) +comment( )comment(*/) + pre_type(function) ident(out)operator(()local_variable($filename) operator(=) pre_type(false)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Empty output) + local_variable($file_data) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Data of the file part) + local_variable($cd_data) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Data of the central directory) + + comment(// Sort dirs and files by path length) + ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(dirs)operator(,) delimiter(')string(sort_by_length)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + ident(uksort)operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(files)operator(,) delimiter(')string(sort_by_length)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Handle dirs) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(dirs) reserved(as) local_variable($dir)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($dir) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')string(/)delimiter(')operator(;) + comment(// File part) + + comment(// Reset dir data) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// Local file header) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x03)string(\\)string(x04)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// Local file header signature) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(10)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version needed to extract) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// General purpose bit flag) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compression method) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file time) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file date) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File name length) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Extra field length) + + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) local_variable($dir)operator(;) comment(// File name) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Extra field (is empty\)) + + comment(// File data) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Dirs have no file data) + + comment(// Data descriptor) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + + comment(// Save current offset) + local_variable($offset) operator(=) ident(strlen)operator(()ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($file_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Append dir data to the file part) + local_variable($file_data)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($dir_data)operator(;) + + comment(// Central directory) + + comment(// Reset dir data) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// File header) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x01)string(\\)string(x02)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// Local file header signature) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version made by) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(10)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version needed to extract) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// General purpose bit flag) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compression method) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file time) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file date) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($dir)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File name length) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Extra field length) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File comment length) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Disk number start) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Internal file attributes) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(16)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// External file attributes) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Relative offset of local header) + + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) local_variable($dir)operator(;) comment(// File name) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Extra field (is empty\)) + local_variable($dir_data) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// File comment (is empty\)) + + comment(/*) +comment( // Data descriptor) +comment( $dir_data .= pack("V", 0\); // crc-32) +comment( $dir_data .= pack("V", 0\); // Compressed size) +comment( $dir_data .= pack("V", 0\); // Uncompressed size) +comment( )comment(*/) + + comment(// Append dir data to the central directory data) + local_variable($cd_data)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($dir_data)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Handle files) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(files) reserved(as) local_variable($name) operator(=>) local_variable($file)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Get values) + local_variable($content) operator(=) local_variable($file)operator([)integer(0)operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// File part) + + comment(// Reset file data) + local_variable($fd) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// Detect possible compressions) + comment(// Use deflate) + reserved(if)operator(()ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(gzdeflate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($method) operator(=) integer(8)operator(;) + + comment(// Compress file content) + local_variable($compressed_data) operator(=) ident(gzdeflate)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Use bzip2) + operator(}) reserved(elseif)operator(()ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(bzcompress)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($method) operator(=) integer(12)operator(;) + + comment(// Compress file content) + local_variable($compressed_data) operator(=) ident(bzcompress)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// No compression) + operator(}) reserved(else) operator({) + local_variable($method) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + + comment(// Do not compress the content :P) + local_variable($compressed_data) operator(=) local_variable($content)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Local file header) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x03)string(\\)string(x04)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// Local file header signature) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(20)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version needed to extract) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// General purpose bit flag) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($method)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compression method) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file time) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file date) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(crc32)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($compressed_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File name length) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Extra field length) + + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) comment(// File name) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Extra field (is empty\)) + + comment(// File data) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) local_variable($compressed_data)operator(;) + + comment(// Data descriptor) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(crc32)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($compressed_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + + comment(// Save current offset) + local_variable($offset) operator(=) ident(strlen)operator(()ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($file_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Append file data to the file part) + local_variable($file_data)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fd)operator(;) + + comment(// Central directory) + + comment(// Reset file data) + local_variable($fd) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + + comment(// File header) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x01)string(\\)string(x02)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// Local file header signature) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version made by) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(20)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Version needed to extract) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// General purpose bit flag) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($method)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compression method) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file time) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Last mod file date) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(crc32)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// crc-32) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($compressed_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Compressed size) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Uncompressed size) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($name)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File name length) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Extra field length) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File comment length) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Disk number start) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Internal file attributes) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(32)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// External file attributes) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) local_variable($offset)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Relative offset of local header) + + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) local_variable($name)operator(;) comment(// File name) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Extra field (is empty\)) + local_variable($fd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// File comment (is empty\)) + + comment(/*) +comment( // Data descriptor) +comment( $fd .= pack("V", crc32($content\)\); // crc-32) +comment( $fd .= pack("V", strlen($compressed_data\)\); // Compressed size) +comment( $fd .= pack("V", strlen($content\)\); // Uncompressed size) +comment( )comment(*/) + + comment(// Append file data to the central directory data) + local_variable($cd_data)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($fd)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Digital signature) + local_variable($digital_signature) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + local_variable($digital_signature) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x05)string(\\)string(x05)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// Header signature) + local_variable($digital_signature) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Size of data) + local_variable($digital_signature) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// Signature data (is empty\)) + + local_variable($tmp_file_data) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($file_data)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// File data) + local_variable($tmp_cd_data) operator(=) ident(implode)operator(()delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($cd_data)operator(\))operator(.) comment(// Central directory) + local_variable($digital_signature)operator(;) comment(// Digital signature) + + comment(// End of central directory) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x05)string(\\)string(x06)delimiter(")operator(;) comment(// End of central dir signature) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Number of this disk) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Number of the disk with the start of the central directory) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($cd_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Total number of entries in the central directory on this disk) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(count)operator(()local_variable($cd_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Total number of entries in the central directory) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($tmp_cd_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Size of the central directory) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(V)delimiter(")operator(,) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($tmp_file_data)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) comment(// Offset of start of central directory with respect to the starting disk number) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) ident(pack)operator(()delimiter(")string(v)delimiter(")operator(,) integer(0)operator(\))operator(;) comment(// .ZIP file comment length) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(.)operator(=) delimiter(')delimiter(')operator(;) comment(// .ZIP file comment (is empty\)) + + comment(// Content of the zip file) + local_variable($data) operator(=) local_variable($tmp_file_data)operator(.) + comment(// $extra_data_record.) + local_variable($tmp_cd_data)operator(.) + local_variable($eof_cd)operator(;) + + comment(// Return content?) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)local_variable($filename)operator(\)) + reserved(return) local_variable($data)operator(;) + + comment(// Write to file) + reserved(return) ident(file_put_contents)operator(()local_variable($filename)operator(,) local_variable($data)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(/*)comment(*) +comment( * Load a zip file) +comment( *) +comment( * This function loads the files and dirs from a zip file from the harddrive.) +comment( *) +comment( * @access public) +comment( *) +comment( * @param string $file The path to the zip file) +comment( * @param bool $reset Reset the files and dirs before adding the zip file's content?) +comment( *) +comment( * @return bool Returns true if the file was loaded sucessfully) +comment( )comment(*/) + pre_type(function) ident(load_file)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(,) local_variable($reset) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Check whether the file exists) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)ident(file_exists)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Load the files content) + local_variable($content) operator(=) operator(@)ident(file_get_contents)operator(()local_variable($file)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Return false if the file cannot be opened) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)local_variable($content)operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Read the zip) + reserved(return) local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(load_string)operator(()local_variable($content)operator(,) local_variable($reset)operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(/*)comment(*) +comment( * Load a zip string) +comment( *) +comment( * This function loads the files and dirs from a string) +comment( *) +comment( * @access public) +comment( *) +comment( * @param string $string The string the zip is generated from) +comment( * @param bool $reset Reset the files and dirs before adding the zip file's content?) +comment( *) +comment( * @return bool Returns true if the string was loaded sucessfully) +comment( )comment(*/) + pre_type(function) ident(load_string)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($reset) operator(=) pre_type(true)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Reset the zip?) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($reset)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(dirs) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(files) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Get the starting position of the end of central directory record) + local_variable($start) operator(=) ident(strpos)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x05)string(\\)string(x06)delimiter(")operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Error) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($start) operator(===) pre_type(false)operator(\)) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(Could not find the end of central directory record)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Get the ecdr) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($start)operator(+)integer(4)operator(,) integer(18)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Unpack the ecdr infos) + local_variable($eof_cd) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(')string(vdisc1/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vdisc2/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(ventries1/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(ventries2/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vsize/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Voffset/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vcomment_lenght)delimiter(')operator(,) local_variable($eof_cd)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Do not allow multi disc zips) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($eof_cd)operator([)delimiter(')string(disc1)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(!=) integer(0)operator(\)) + reserved(die)operator(()delimiter(')string(multi disk stuff is not yet implemented :/)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Save the interesting values) + local_variable($cd_entries) operator(=) local_variable($eof_cd)operator([)delimiter(')string(entries1)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + local_variable($cd_size) operator(=) local_variable($eof_cd)operator([)delimiter(')string(size)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + local_variable($cd_offset) operator(=) local_variable($eof_cd)operator([)delimiter(')string(offset)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// Get the central directory record) + local_variable($cdr) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($cd_offset)operator(,) local_variable($cd_size)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Reset the position and the list of the entries) + local_variable($pos) operator(=) integer(0)operator(;) + local_variable($entries) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Handle cdr) + reserved(while)operator(()local_variable($pos) operator(<) ident(strlen)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(\))operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Check header signature) + comment(// Digital signature) + reserved(if)operator(()ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos)operator(,) integer(4)operator(\)) operator(==) delimiter(")string(\\)string(x50)string(\\)string(x4b)string(\\)string(x05)string(\\)string(x05)delimiter(")operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Get digital signature size) + local_variable($tmp_info) operator(=) ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(')string(vsize)delimiter(')operator(,) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos) operator(+) integer(4)operator(,) integer(2)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Read out the digital signature) + local_variable($digital_sig) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($header)operator(,) local_variable($pos) operator(+) integer(6)operator(,) local_variable($tmp_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(size)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + reserved(break)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Get file header) + local_variable($header) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos)operator(,) integer(46)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Unpack the header information) + local_variable($header_info) operator(=) operator(@)ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(')string(Vheader/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vversion_made_by/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vversion_needed/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vgeneral_purpose/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vcompression_method/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vlast_mod_time/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vlast_mod_date/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vcrc32/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vcompressed_size/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vuncompressed_size/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vname_length/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vextra_length/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vcomment_length/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vdisk_number/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vinternal_attributes/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vexternal_attributes/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Voffset)delimiter(')operator(,) + local_variable($header)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Valid header?) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(header)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(!=) integer(33639248)operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// New position) + local_variable($pos) operator(+)operator(=) integer(46)operator(;) + + comment(// Read out the file name) + local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos)operator(,) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(name_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// New position) + local_variable($pos) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(name_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// Read out the extra stuff) + local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(extra)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos)operator(,) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(extra_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// New position) + local_variable($pos) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(extra_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// Read out the comment) + local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(comment)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($cdr)operator(,) local_variable($pos)operator(,) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(comment_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// New position) + local_variable($pos) operator(+)operator(=) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(comment_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// Append this file/dir to the entry list) + local_variable($entries)operator([)operator(]) operator(=) local_variable($header_info)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Check whether all entries where read sucessfully) + reserved(if)operator(()ident(count)operator(()local_variable($entries)operator(\)) operator(!=) local_variable($cd_entries)operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Handle files/dirs) + reserved(foreach)operator(()local_variable($entries) reserved(as) local_variable($entry)operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// Is a dir?) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(external_attributes)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(&) integer(16)operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(add_dir)operator(()local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(continue)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Get local file header) + local_variable($header) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(offset)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) integer(30)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Unpack the header information) + local_variable($header_info) operator(=) operator(@)ident(unpack)operator(()delimiter(')string(Vheader/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vversion_needed/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vgeneral_purpose/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vcompression_method/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vlast_mod_time/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vlast_mod_date/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vcrc32/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vcompressed_size/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(Vuncompressed_size/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vname_length/)delimiter(')operator(.) + delimiter(')string(vextra_length)delimiter(')operator(,) + local_variable($header)operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Valid header?) + reserved(if)operator(()local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(header)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(!=) integer(67324752)operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Get content start position) + local_variable($start) operator(=) local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(offset)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) integer(30) operator(+) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(name_length)delimiter(')operator(]) operator(+) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(extra_length)delimiter(')operator(])operator(;) + + comment(// Get the compressed data) + local_variable($data) operator(=) ident(substr)operator(()local_variable($string)operator(,) local_variable($start)operator(,) local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(compressed_size)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\))operator(;) + + comment(// Detect compression type) + reserved(switch)operator(()local_variable($header_info)operator([)delimiter(')string(compression_method)delimiter(')operator(])operator(\)) operator({) + comment(// No compression) + reserved(case) integer(0)operator(:) + comment(// Ne decompression needed) + local_variable($content) operator(=) local_variable($data)operator(;) + reserved(break)operator(;) + + comment(// Gzip) + reserved(case) integer(8)operator(:) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(gzinflate)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Uncompress data) + local_variable($content) operator(=) ident(gzinflate)operator(()local_variable($data)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(break)operator(;) + + comment(// Bzip2) + reserved(case) integer(12)operator(:) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)ident(function_exists)operator(()delimiter(')string(bzdecompress)delimiter(')operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + + comment(// Decompress data) + local_variable($content) operator(=) ident(bzdecompress)operator(()local_variable($data)operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(break)operator(;) + + comment(// Compression not supported -> error) + reserved(default)operator(:) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + operator(}) + + comment(// Try to add file) + reserved(if)operator(()operator(!)local_variable($this)operator(->)ident(add_file)operator(()local_variable($entry)operator([)delimiter(')string(name)delimiter(')operator(])operator(,) local_variable($content)operator(\))operator(\)) + reserved(return) pre_type(false)operator(;) + operator(}) + + reserved(return) pre_type(true)operator(;) + operator(}) +operator(}) + +pre_type(function) operator(&)ident(byref)operator(()operator(\)) operator({) + local_variable($x) operator(=) pre_type(array)operator(()operator(\))operator(;) + reserved(return) local_variable($x)operator(;) +operator(}) +delimiter(?>) diff --git a/test/scanners/php/test.in.php b/test/scanners/php/test.in.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90de747 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/php/test.in.php @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +<?php +/** + * Zip class file + * + * @package fnord.bb + * @subpackage archive + */ + +// Unlock? +if(!defined('UNLOCK') || !UNLOCK) + die(); + +// Load the parent archive class +require_once(ROOT_PATH.'/classes/archive.class.php'); + +/** + * Zip class + * + * @author Manni <manni@fnord.name> + * @copyright Copyright (c) 2006, Manni + * @version 1.0 + * @link http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/popups/appnote.txt + * @link http://mannithedark.is-a-geek.net/ + * @since 1.0 + * @package fnord.bb + * @subpackage archive + */ +class Zip extends Archive { + /** + * Outputs the zip file + * + * This function creates the zip file with the dirs and files given. + * If the optional parameter $file is given, the zip file is will be + * saved at that location. Otherwise the function returns the zip file's content. + * + * @access public + * + * @link http://www.pkware.com/business_and_developers/developer/popups/appnote.txt + * @param string $filename The path where the zip file will be saved + * + * @return bool|string Returns either true if the fil is sucessfully created or the content of the zip file + */ + function out($filename = false) { + // Empty output + $file_data = array(); // Data of the file part + $cd_data = array(); // Data of the central directory + + // Sort dirs and files by path length + uksort($this->dirs, 'sort_by_length'); + uksort($this->files, 'sort_by_length'); + + // Handle dirs + foreach($this->dirs as $dir) { + $dir .= '/'; + // File part + + // Reset dir data + $dir_data = ''; + + // Local file header + $dir_data .= "\x50\x4b\x03\x04"; // Local file header signature + $dir_data .= pack("v", 10); // Version needed to extract + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // General purpose bit flag + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Compression method + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file time + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file date + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // crc-32 + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Compressed size + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Uncompressed size + $dir_data .= pack("v", strlen($dir)); // File name length + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Extra field length + + $dir_data .= $dir; // File name + $dir_data .= ''; // Extra field (is empty) + + // File data + $dir_data .= ''; // Dirs have no file data + + // Data descriptor + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // crc-32 + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Compressed size + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Uncompressed size + + // Save current offset + $offset = strlen(implode('', $file_data)); + + // Append dir data to the file part + $file_data[] = $dir_data; + + // Central directory + + // Reset dir data + $dir_data = ''; + + // File header + $dir_data .= "\x50\x4b\x01\x02"; // Local file header signature + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Version made by + $dir_data .= pack("v", 10); // Version needed to extract + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // General purpose bit flag + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Compression method + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file time + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file date + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // crc-32 + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Compressed size + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Uncompressed size + $dir_data .= pack("v", strlen($dir)); // File name length + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Extra field length + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // File comment length + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Disk number start + $dir_data .= pack("v", 0); // Internal file attributes + $dir_data .= pack("V", 16); // External file attributes + $dir_data .= pack("V", $offset); // Relative offset of local header + + $dir_data .= $dir; // File name + $dir_data .= ''; // Extra field (is empty) + $dir_data .= ''; // File comment (is empty) + + /* + // Data descriptor + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // crc-32 + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Compressed size + $dir_data .= pack("V", 0); // Uncompressed size + */ + + // Append dir data to the central directory data + $cd_data[] = $dir_data; + } + + // Handle files + foreach($this->files as $name => $file) { + // Get values + $content = $file[0]; + + // File part + + // Reset file data + $fd = ''; + + // Detect possible compressions + // Use deflate + if(function_exists('gzdeflate')) { + $method = 8; + + // Compress file content + $compressed_data = gzdeflate($content); + + // Use bzip2 + } elseif(function_exists('bzcompress')) { + $method = 12; + + // Compress file content + $compressed_data = bzcompress($content); + + // No compression + } else { + $method = 0; + + // Do not compress the content :P + $compressed_data = $content; + } + + // Local file header + $fd .= "\x50\x4b\x03\x04"; // Local file header signature + $fd .= pack("v", 20); // Version needed to extract + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // General purpose bit flag + $fd .= pack("v", $method); // Compression method + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file time + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file date + $fd .= pack("V", crc32($content)); // crc-32 + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($compressed_data)); // Compressed size + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($content)); // Uncompressed size + $fd .= pack("v", strlen($name)); // File name length + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Extra field length + + $fd .= $name; // File name + $fd .= ''; // Extra field (is empty) + + // File data + $fd .= $compressed_data; + + // Data descriptor + $fd .= pack("V", crc32($content)); // crc-32 + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($compressed_data)); // Compressed size + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($content)); // Uncompressed size + + // Save current offset + $offset = strlen(implode('', $file_data)); + + // Append file data to the file part + $file_data[] = $fd; + + // Central directory + + // Reset file data + $fd = ''; + + // File header + $fd .= "\x50\x4b\x01\x02"; // Local file header signature + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Version made by + $fd .= pack("v", 20); // Version needed to extract + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // General purpose bit flag + $fd .= pack("v", $method); // Compression method + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file time + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Last mod file date + $fd .= pack("V", crc32($content)); // crc-32 + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($compressed_data)); // Compressed size + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($content)); // Uncompressed size + $fd .= pack("v", strlen($name)); // File name length + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Extra field length + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // File comment length + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Disk number start + $fd .= pack("v", 0); // Internal file attributes + $fd .= pack("V", 32); // External file attributes + $fd .= pack("V", $offset); // Relative offset of local header + + $fd .= $name; // File name + $fd .= ''; // Extra field (is empty) + $fd .= ''; // File comment (is empty) + + /* + // Data descriptor + $fd .= pack("V", crc32($content)); // crc-32 + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($compressed_data)); // Compressed size + $fd .= pack("V", strlen($content)); // Uncompressed size + */ + + // Append file data to the central directory data + $cd_data[] = $fd; + } + + // Digital signature + $digital_signature = ''; + $digital_signature .= "\x50\x4b\x05\x05"; // Header signature + $digital_signature .= pack("v", 0); // Size of data + $digital_signature .= ''; // Signature data (is empty) + + $tmp_file_data = implode('', $file_data); // File data + $tmp_cd_data = implode('', $cd_data). // Central directory + $digital_signature; // Digital signature + + // End of central directory + $eof_cd = ''; + $eof_cd .= "\x50\x4b\x05\x06"; // End of central dir signature + $eof_cd .= pack("v", 0); // Number of this disk + $eof_cd .= pack("v", 0); // Number of the disk with the start of the central directory + $eof_cd .= pack("v", count($cd_data)); // Total number of entries in the central directory on this disk + $eof_cd .= pack("v", count($cd_data)); // Total number of entries in the central directory + $eof_cd .= pack("V", strlen($tmp_cd_data)); // Size of the central directory + $eof_cd .= pack("V", strlen($tmp_file_data)); // Offset of start of central directory with respect to the starting disk number + $eof_cd .= pack("v", 0); // .ZIP file comment length + $eof_cd .= ''; // .ZIP file comment (is empty) + + // Content of the zip file + $data = $tmp_file_data. + // $extra_data_record. + $tmp_cd_data. + $eof_cd; + + // Return content? + if(!$filename) + return $data; + + // Write to file + return file_put_contents($filename, $data); + } + + /** + * Load a zip file + * + * This function loads the files and dirs from a zip file from the harddrive. + * + * @access public + * + * @param string $file The path to the zip file + * @param bool $reset Reset the files and dirs before adding the zip file's content? + * + * @return bool Returns true if the file was loaded sucessfully + */ + function load_file($file, $reset = true) { + // Check whether the file exists + if(!file_exists($file)) + return false; + + // Load the files content + $content = @file_get_contents($file); + + // Return false if the file cannot be opened + if(!$content) + return false; + + // Read the zip + return $this->load_string($content, $reset); + } + + /** + * Load a zip string + * + * This function loads the files and dirs from a string + * + * @access public + * + * @param string $string The string the zip is generated from + * @param bool $reset Reset the files and dirs before adding the zip file's content? + * + * @return bool Returns true if the string was loaded sucessfully + */ + function load_string($string, $reset = true) { + // Reset the zip? + if($reset) { + $this->dirs = array(); + $this->files = array(); + } + + // Get the starting position of the end of central directory record + $start = strpos($string, "\x50\x4b\x05\x06"); + + // Error + if($start === false) + die('Could not find the end of central directory record'); + + // Get the ecdr + $eof_cd = substr($string, $start+4, 18); + + // Unpack the ecdr infos + $eof_cd = unpack('vdisc1/'. + 'vdisc2/'. + 'ventries1/'. + 'ventries2/'. + 'Vsize/'. + 'Voffset/'. + 'vcomment_lenght', $eof_cd); + + // Do not allow multi disc zips + if($eof_cd['disc1'] != 0) + die('multi disk stuff is not yet implemented :/'); + + // Save the interesting values + $cd_entries = $eof_cd['entries1']; + $cd_size = $eof_cd['size']; + $cd_offset = $eof_cd['offset']; + + // Get the central directory record + $cdr = substr($string, $cd_offset, $cd_size); + + // Reset the position and the list of the entries + $pos = 0; + $entries = array(); + + // Handle cdr + while($pos < strlen($cdr)) { + // Check header signature + // Digital signature + if(substr($cdr, $pos, 4) == "\x50\x4b\x05\x05") { + // Get digital signature size + $tmp_info = unpack('vsize', substr($cdr, $pos + 4, 2)); + + // Read out the digital signature + $digital_sig = substr($header, $pos + 6, $tmp_info['size']); + + break; + } + + // Get file header + $header = substr($cdr, $pos, 46); + + // Unpack the header information + $header_info = @unpack('Vheader/'. + 'vversion_made_by/'. + 'vversion_needed/'. + 'vgeneral_purpose/'. + 'vcompression_method/'. + 'vlast_mod_time/'. + 'vlast_mod_date/'. + 'Vcrc32/'. + 'Vcompressed_size/'. + 'Vuncompressed_size/'. + 'vname_length/'. + 'vextra_length/'. + 'vcomment_length/'. + 'vdisk_number/'. + 'vinternal_attributes/'. + 'Vexternal_attributes/'. + 'Voffset', + $header); + + // Valid header? + if($header_info['header'] != 33639248) + return false; + + // New position + $pos += 46; + + // Read out the file name + $header_info['name'] = substr($cdr, $pos, $header_info['name_length']); + + // New position + $pos += $header_info['name_length']; + + // Read out the extra stuff + $header_info['extra'] = substr($cdr, $pos, $header_info['extra_length']); + + // New position + $pos += $header_info['extra_length']; + + // Read out the comment + $header_info['comment'] = substr($cdr, $pos, $header_info['comment_length']); + + // New position + $pos += $header_info['comment_length']; + + // Append this file/dir to the entry list + $entries[] = $header_info; + } + + // Check whether all entries where read sucessfully + if(count($entries) != $cd_entries) + return false; + + // Handle files/dirs + foreach($entries as $entry) { + // Is a dir? + if($entry['external_attributes'] & 16) { + $this->add_dir($entry['name']); + continue; + } + + // Get local file header + $header = substr($string, $entry['offset'], 30); + + // Unpack the header information + $header_info = @unpack('Vheader/'. + 'vversion_needed/'. + 'vgeneral_purpose/'. + 'vcompression_method/'. + 'vlast_mod_time/'. + 'vlast_mod_date/'. + 'Vcrc32/'. + 'Vcompressed_size/'. + 'Vuncompressed_size/'. + 'vname_length/'. + 'vextra_length', + $header); + + // Valid header? + if($header_info['header'] != 67324752) + return false; + + // Get content start position + $start = $entry['offset'] + 30 + $header_info['name_length'] + $header_info['extra_length']; + + // Get the compressed data + $data = substr($string, $start, $header_info['compressed_size']); + + // Detect compression type + switch($header_info['compression_method']) { + // No compression + case 0: + // Ne decompression needed + $content = $data; + break; + + // Gzip + case 8: + if(!function_exists('gzinflate')) + return false; + + // Uncompress data + $content = gzinflate($data); + break; + + // Bzip2 + case 12: + if(!function_exists('bzdecompress')) + return false; + + // Decompress data + $content = bzdecompress($data); + break; + + // Compression not supported -> error + default: + return false; + } + + // Try to add file + if(!$this->add_file($entry['name'], $content)) + return false; + } + + return true; + } +} + +function &byref() { + $x = array(); + return $x; +} +?> diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..567c7c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +comment(--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING) +comment(--Copyright (C\) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com>) + +comment(--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify) +comment(--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by) +comment(--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or) +comment(--(at your option\) any later version.) + +comment(--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,) +comment(--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of) +comment(--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the) +comment(--GNU General Public License for more details.) + +comment(--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License) +comment(--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.) + +comment(-- Comment: Drop table) +reserved(DROP) reserved(TABLE) reserved(IF) reserved(EXISTS) string<delimiter(`)content(general_lookups)delimiter(`)>operator(;) + +comment(-- Create table) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(general_lookups)delimiter(`)> operator(() + string<delimiter(`)content(name)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(255)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL) +operator(\)) reserved(ENGINE)operator(=)(InnoDB) directive(DEFAULT) directive(CHARSET)operator(=)(latin1)operator(;) + +comment(-- Drop table again) +reserved(DROP) reserved(TABLE) reserved(IF) reserved(EXISTS) (customer)operator(;) + +comment(-- Create customers) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) (customer) operator(() + (first_name) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\))operator(,) + (last_name) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\))operator(,) + (address) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\))operator(,) + (city) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\))operator(,) + (country) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(25)operator(\))operator(,) + (birth_date) pre_type(date)operator(,) + (created_at) pre_type(timestamp)operator(,) comment(-- Differnt sort of date here) + (updated_at) pre_type(timestamp) +operator(\)) + +comment(-- Create business) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) (business) operator(() + (compant_name) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\))operator(,) + (address) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) string<delimiter(')content(Address Unknown)delimiter(')>operator(,) comment(-- Oohh, defaults..) + (city) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) string<delimiter(')content(Adelaide)delimiter(')>operator(,) + (country) pre_type(char)operator(()integer(150)operator(\)) directive(default) string<delimiter(')content(Australia)delimiter(')> +operator(\)) + +comment(-- Some random table) + +reserved(DROP) reserved(TABLE) reserved(IF) reserved(EXISTS) (customer_statuses)operator(;) + +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(customer_statuses)delimiter(`)> operator(() + comment(-- Auto incrementing IDs) + string<delimiter(`)content(id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(smallint)operator(()integer(6)operator(\)) pre_type(unsigned) reserved(NOT) pre_constant(NULL) directive(auto_increment)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(customer_id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(int)operator(()integer(10)operator(\)) pre_type(unsigned) reserved(NOT) pre_constant(NULL) directive(default) string<delimiter(')content(0)delimiter(')>operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(customer_client_code)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(entry_date)delimiter(`)> pre_type(date) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(status_id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(smallint)operator(()integer(6)operator(\)) pre_type(unsigned) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(comments)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(100)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + reserved(PRIMARY) reserved(KEY) operator(()string<delimiter(`)content(id)delimiter(`)>operator(\)) +operator(\)) reserved(ENGINE)operator(=)(InnoDB) directive(DEFAULT) directive(CHARSET)operator(=)(latin1)operator(;) + +comment(-- Try creating an index.) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(INDEX) (customer_status_status_id) reserved(ON) (customer_statuses) operator(()(status_id)operator(\)) + +comment(/* Now lets try and make a really big table */) + +reserved(DROP) reserved(TABLE) reserved(IF) reserved(EXISTS) string<delimiter(`)content(legacy_clients)delimiter(`)>operator(;) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(legacy_clients)delimiter(`)> operator(() + string<delimiter(`)content(id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(int)operator(()integer(10)operator(\)) pre_type(unsigned) reserved(NOT) pre_constant(NULL) directive(auto_increment)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(client_code)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(first_name)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(20)operator(\)) reserved(NOT) pre_constant(NULL) directive(default) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(other_name)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(20)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(surname)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(30)operator(\)) reserved(NOT) pre_constant(NULL) directive(default) string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(address)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(suburb)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(postcode)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(10)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(location_id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(smallint)operator(()integer(3)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(home_phone)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(work_phone)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(fax)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(mobile)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(15)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(email)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(date_of_birth)delimiter(`)> pre_type(date) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(business_id)delimiter(`)> pre_type(int)operator(()integer(11)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(comments)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(100)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(state)delimiter(`)> pre_type(char)operator(()integer(3)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(sex)delimiter(`)> pre_type(char)operator(()integer(1)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(location_temp)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + string<delimiter(`)content(employer_temp)delimiter(`)> pre_type(varchar)operator(()integer(50)operator(\)) directive(default) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) + reserved(PRIMARY) reserved(KEY) operator(()string<delimiter(`)content(id)delimiter(`)>operator(\)) +operator(\)) reserved(ENGINE)operator(=)(InnoDB) directive(DEFAULT) directive(CHARSET)operator(=)(latin1)operator(;) + + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.in.sql b/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.in.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1844af0 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/create_tables.in.sql @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING +--Copyright (C) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com> + +--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +--(at your option) any later version. + +--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +--GNU General Public License for more details. + +--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + +-- Comment: Drop table +DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `general_lookups`; + +-- Create table +CREATE TABLE `general_lookups` ( + `name` varchar(255) default NULL +) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; + +-- Drop table again +DROP TABLE IF EXISTS customer; + +-- Create customers +CREATE TABLE customer ( + first_name char(50), + last_name char(50), + address char(50), + city char(50), + country char(25), + birth_date date, + created_at timestamp, -- Differnt sort of date here + updated_at timestamp +) + +-- Create business +CREATE TABLE business ( + compant_name char(50), + address char(50) default 'Address Unknown', -- Oohh, defaults.. + city char(50) default 'Adelaide', + country char(150) default 'Australia' +) + +-- Some random table + +DROP TABLE IF EXISTS customer_statuses; + +CREATE TABLE `customer_statuses` ( + -- Auto incrementing IDs + `id` smallint(6) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, + `customer_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', + `customer_client_code` varchar(15) default NULL, + `entry_date` date default NULL, + `status_id` smallint(6) unsigned default NULL, + `comments` varchar(100) default NULL, + PRIMARY KEY (`id`) +) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; + +-- Try creating an index. +CREATE INDEX customer_status_status_id ON customer_statuses (status_id) + +/* Now lets try and make a really big table */ + +DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `legacy_clients`; +CREATE TABLE `legacy_clients` ( + `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, + `client_code` varchar(15) default NULL, + `first_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL default '', + `other_name` varchar(20) default NULL, + `surname` varchar(30) NOT NULL default '', + `address` varchar(50) default NULL, + `suburb` varchar(50) default NULL, + `postcode` varchar(10) default NULL, + `location_id` smallint(3) default NULL, + `home_phone` varchar(15) default NULL, + `work_phone` varchar(15) default NULL, + `fax` varchar(15) default NULL, + `mobile` varchar(15) default NULL, + `email` varchar(50) default NULL, + `date_of_birth` date default NULL, + `business_id` int(11) default NULL, + `comments` varchar(100) default NULL, + `state` char(3) default NULL, + `sex` char(1) default NULL, + `location_temp` varchar(50) default NULL, + `employer_temp` varchar(50) default NULL, + PRIMARY KEY (`id`) +) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; + + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81c3c8e --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +comment(--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING) +comment(--Copyright (C\) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com>) + +comment(--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify) +comment(--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by) +comment(--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or) +comment(--(at your option\) any later version.) + +comment(--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,) +comment(--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of) +comment(--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the) +comment(--GNU General Public License for more details.) + +comment(--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License) +comment(--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.) + +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (users) operator(()(first_name)operator(,) (last_name)operator(\)) reserved(VALUES) operator(()string<delimiter(')content(John)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(Doe)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (users) operator(()(first_name)operator(,) (last_name)operator(\)) reserved(VALUES) operator(()string<delimiter(")content(John)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(Doe)delimiter(")>operator(\))operator(;) + +reserved(UPDATE) (users) reserved(SET) (first_name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Keith)delimiter(')> reserved(WHERE) (first_name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(JOHN)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(DELETE) reserved(FROM) (users) reserved(WHERE) (first_name) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Keith)delimiter(')>operator(;) + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.in.sql b/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.in.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b06db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/maintenance.in.sql @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING +--Copyright (C) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com> + +--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +--(at your option) any later version. + +--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +--GNU General Public License for more details. + +--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + +INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('John', 'Doe'); + +INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name) VALUES ("John", "Doe"); + +UPDATE users SET first_name = 'Keith' WHERE first_name = 'JOHN'; + +DELETE FROM users WHERE first_name = 'Keith'; + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/reference.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/sql/reference.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ed8e195 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/reference.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +comment(# All of the values below are valid MySQL syntax accoring to) +comment(# the Reference Manual:) +comment(# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/language-structure.html) +comment(# unless stated otherwise.) + +comment(# strings) +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')content(a string)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(")content(another string)delimiter(")>operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(_latin1)delimiter(')content(string)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(_latin1)delimiter(')content(string)delimiter(')> reserved(COLLATE) (latin1_danish_ci)operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(N)delimiter(')content(some text)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(n)delimiter(')content(some text)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(_utf8)delimiter(')content(some text)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(")char(\\0)char(\\')char(\\")content(''"")char(\\b)char(\\n)char(\\r)char(\\t)char(\\Z)char(\\\\)char(\\%)char(\\_)delimiter(")>operator(;) comment(# ") +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')char(\\0)char(\\')char(\\")content(''"")char(\\b)char(\\n)char(\\r)char(\\t)char(\\Z)char(\\\\)char(\\%)char(\\_)delimiter(')>operator(;) comment(# ') + +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(")char(\\B)char(\\x)delimiter(")>operator(;) comment(# ") +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')char(\\B)char(\\x)delimiter(')>operator(;) comment(# ') + +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')content(hello)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content("hello")delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(""hello"")delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')content(hel''lo)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<delimiter(')char(\\')content(hello)delimiter(')>operator(;) comment(-- ') +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(")content(hello)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content('hello')delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(''hello'')delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")content(hel""lo)delimiter(")>operator(,) string<delimiter(")char(\\")content(hello)delimiter(")>operator(;) comment(-- ") + +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')content(This)char(\\n)content(Is)char(\\n)content(Four)char(\\n)content(Lines)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(')content(disappearing)char(\\ )content(backslash)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +comment(# numbers) +reserved(select) integer(1221)operator(;) +reserved(select) integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(select) operator(-)integer(32)error(:) + +reserved(select) float(294.42)error(:) +reserved(select) operator(-)float(32032.6809e+10)operator(;) +reserved(select) float(148.00)operator(;) + +reserved(select) float(10e+10)operator(;) +reserved(select) float(10e10)operator(;) + +comment(# hexadecimal) +reserved(SELECT) string<modifier(X)delimiter(')content(4D7953514C)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) hex(0x0a)operator(+)integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) hex(0x5061756c)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) hex(0x41)operator(,) predefined(CAST)operator(()hex(0x41) reserved(AS) pre_type(UNSIGNED)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) pre_type(HEX)operator(()string<delimiter(')content(cat)delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) hex(0x636174)operator(;) +reserved(insert) reserved(into) (t) operator(()(md5)operator(\)) reserved(values) operator(()hex(0xad65)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) (SomeTable) reserved(WHERE) (BinaryColumn) operator(=) predefined(CAST)operator(() string<modifier(x)delimiter(')content(a0f44ef7a52411de)delimiter(')> reserved(AS) pre_type(BINARY) operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(select) string<modifier(x)delimiter(')content(000bdddc0e9153f5a93447fc3310f710)delimiter(')>operator(,) string<modifier(x)delimiter(')content(0bdddc0e9153f5a93447fc3310f710)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) pre_constant(TRUE)operator(,) pre_constant(true)operator(,) pre_constant(FALSE)operator(,) pre_constant(false)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) pre_constant(NULL)operator(,) pre_constant(null)operator(,) pre_constant(nuLL)operator(,) error(\\)(N)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) error(\\)(n)operator(;) comment(# invalid!) + +comment(# bit-field) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) (t) operator(()(b) pre_type(BIT)operator(()integer(8)operator(\))operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (t) reserved(SET) (b) operator(=) string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(11111111)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (t) reserved(SET) (b) operator(=) string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(1010)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (t) reserved(SET) (b) operator(=) string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(0101)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) (b)operator(+)integer(0)operator(,) pre_type(BIN)operator(()(b)operator(+)integer(0)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(OCT)operator(()(b)operator(+)integer(0)operator(\))operator(,) pre_type(HEX)operator(()(b)operator(+)integer(0)operator(\)) reserved(FROM) (t)operator(;) + +reserved(SET) variable(@v1) operator(=) string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(1000001)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(SET) variable(@v2) operator(=) predefined(CAST)operator(()string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(1000001)delimiter(')> reserved(AS) pre_type(UNSIGNED)operator(\))operator(,) variable(@v3) operator(=) string<modifier(b)delimiter(')content(1000001)delimiter(')>operator(+)integer(0)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) variable(@v1)operator(,) variable(@v2)operator(,) variable(@v3)operator(;) + +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (my_table) operator(()(phone)operator(\)) reserved(VALUES) operator(()pre_constant(NULL)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(INSERT) reserved(INTO) (my_table) operator(()(phone)operator(\)) reserved(VALUES) operator(()string<delimiter(')delimiter(')>operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(# schema object names) +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) string<delimiter(`)content(select)delimiter(`)> reserved(WHERE) string<delimiter(`)content(select)delimiter(`)>operator(.)(id) operator(>) integer(100)operator(;) + +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(a``b)delimiter(`)> operator(()string<delimiter(`)content(c"d)delimiter(`)> pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) integer(1) reserved(AS) string<delimiter(`)content(one)delimiter(`)>operator(,) integer(2) reserved(AS) string<delimiter(')content(two)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(select) (foo) reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) string<delimiter(`)content(foo)delimiter(`)> reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) (foo)operator(.)(bar) reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) string<delimiter(`)content(foo)delimiter(`)>operator(.)(bar) reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) (foo)operator(.)string<delimiter(`)content(bar)delimiter(`)> reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) string<delimiter(`)content(foo.bar)delimiter(`)> reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) +reserved(select) string<delimiter(`)content(foo)delimiter(`)>operator(.)string<delimiter(`)content(bar)delimiter(`)> reserved(from) (foo)operator(;) + +comment(# How to handle ANSI_QUOTES?) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(")content(test)delimiter(")> operator(()(col) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) +reserved(SET) (sql_mode)operator(=)string<delimiter(')content(ANSI_QUOTES)delimiter(')>operator(;) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(")content(test)delimiter(")> operator(()(col) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) + +comment(# identifiers) +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) (my_table) reserved(WHERE) (MY_TABLE)operator(.)(col)operator(=)integer(1)operator(;) +reserved(SHOW) reserved(COLUMNS) reserved(FROM) string<delimiter(`)content(#mysql50#a@b)delimiter(`)>operator(;) + +comment(# Function Name Parsing and Resolution) + + +reserved(SELECT) predefined(COUNT)operator(()operator(*)operator(\)) reserved(FROM) (mytable)operator(;) comment(-- the first reference to count is a function call) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) predefined(count) operator(()(i) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- whereas the second reference is a table name) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(count)delimiter(`)>operator(()(i) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- this too) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(count)delimiter(`)> operator(()(i) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- this too) + +comment(# IGNORE_SPACE) +reserved(SELECT) predefined(COUNT)operator(()operator(*)operator(\)) reserved(FROM) (mytable)operator(;) +reserved(SELECT) predefined(COUNT) operator(()operator(*)operator(\)) reserved(FROM) (mytable)operator(;) + +comment(# reserved words) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) (interval) operator(()reserved(begin) pre_type(INT)operator(,) reserved(end) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- errror) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) string<delimiter(`)content(interval)delimiter(`)> operator(()reserved(begin) pre_type(INT)operator(,) reserved(end) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- valid) +reserved(CREATE) reserved(TABLE) (mydb)operator(.)(interval) operator(()reserved(begin) pre_type(INT)operator(,) reserved(end) pre_type(INT)operator(\))operator(;) comment(-- valid) +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(`)content(foo)delimiter(`)>operator(,) string<delimiter(`)content(bar)delimiter(`)> reserved(FROM) string<delimiter(`)content(baz)delimiter(`)> reserved(WHERE) string<delimiter(`)content(bal)delimiter(`)> operator(=) string<delimiter(`)content(quiche)delimiter(`)>operator(;) comment(-- valid) diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/reference.in.sql b/test/scanners/sql/reference.in.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e301570 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/reference.in.sql @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +# All of the values below are valid MySQL syntax accoring to +# the Reference Manual: +# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/language-structure.html +# unless stated otherwise. + +# strings +SELECT 'a string'; +SELECT "another string"; + +SELECT _latin1'string'; +SELECT _latin1'string' COLLATE latin1_danish_ci; + +SELECT N'some text'; +SELECT n'some text'; +SELECT _utf8'some text'; + +SELECT "\0\'\"''""\b\n\r\t\Z\\\%\_"; # " +SELECT '\0\'\"''""\b\n\r\t\Z\\\%\_'; # ' + +SELECT "\B\x"; # " +SELECT '\B\x'; # ' + +SELECT 'hello', '"hello"', '""hello""', 'hel''lo', '\'hello'; -- ' +SELECT "hello", "'hello'", "''hello''", "hel""lo", "\"hello"; -- " + +SELECT 'This\nIs\nFour\nLines'; +SELECT 'disappearing\ backslash'; + +# numbers +select 1221; +select 0; +select -32: + +select 294.42: +select -32032.6809e+10; +select 148.00; + +select 10e+10; +select 10e10; + +# hexadecimal +SELECT X'4D7953514C'; +SELECT 0x0a+0; +SELECT 0x5061756c; +SELECT 0x41, CAST(0x41 AS UNSIGNED); +SELECT HEX('cat'); +SELECT 0x636174; +insert into t (md5) values (0xad65); +SELECT * FROM SomeTable WHERE BinaryColumn = CAST( x'a0f44ef7a52411de' AS BINARY ); +select x'000bdddc0e9153f5a93447fc3310f710', x'0bdddc0e9153f5a93447fc3310f710'; + +SELECT TRUE, true, FALSE, false; +SELECT NULL, null, nuLL, \N; +SELECT \n; # invalid! + +# bit-field +CREATE TABLE t (b BIT(8)); +INSERT INTO t SET b = b'11111111'; +INSERT INTO t SET b = b'1010'; +INSERT INTO t SET b = b'0101'; +SELECT b+0, BIN(b+0), OCT(b+0), HEX(b+0) FROM t; + +SET @v1 = b'1000001'; +SET @v2 = CAST(b'1000001' AS UNSIGNED), @v3 = b'1000001'+0; +SELECT @v1, @v2, @v3; + +INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES (NULL); +INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES (''); + +# schema object names +SELECT * FROM `select` WHERE `select`.id > 100; + +CREATE TABLE `a``b` (`c"d` INT); +SELECT 1 AS `one`, 2 AS 'two'; + +select foo from foo; +select `foo` from foo; +select foo.bar from foo; +select `foo`.bar from foo; +select foo.`bar` from foo; +select `foo.bar` from foo; +select `foo`.`bar` from foo; + +# How to handle ANSI_QUOTES? +CREATE TABLE "test" (col INT); +SET sql_mode='ANSI_QUOTES'; +CREATE TABLE "test" (col INT); + +# identifiers +SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE MY_TABLE.col=1; +SHOW COLUMNS FROM `#mysql50#a@b`; + +# Function Name Parsing and Resolution + + +SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; -- the first reference to count is a function call +CREATE TABLE count (i INT); -- whereas the second reference is a table name +CREATE TABLE `count`(i INT); -- this too +CREATE TABLE `count` (i INT); -- this too + +# IGNORE_SPACE +SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; +SELECT COUNT (*) FROM mytable; + +# reserved words +CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT); -- errror +CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT); -- valid +CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT); -- valid +SELECT `foo`, `bar` FROM `baz` WHERE `bal` = `quiche`; -- valid diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/selects.expected.raydebug b/test/scanners/sql/selects.expected.raydebug new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bbd89d --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/selects.expected.raydebug @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +comment(--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING) +comment(--Copyright (C\) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com>) + +comment(--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify) +comment(--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by) +comment(--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or) +comment(--(at your option\) any later version.) + +comment(--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,) +comment(--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of) +comment(--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the) +comment(--GNU General Public License for more details.) + +comment(--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License) +comment(--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.) + +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) (users)operator(;) + +reserved(select) operator(*) reserved(from) (users)operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) string<delimiter(`)content(First Name)delimiter(`)>operator(,) string<delimiter(`)content(Last Name)delimiter(`)> reserved(FROM) string<delimiter(`)content(User Table)delimiter(`)>operator(;) + +reserved(select) (first_name)operator(,) (last_name) reserved(FROM) (users)operator(;) + +reserved(select) (first_name) operator(|)operator(|) string<delimiter(')content( )delimiter(')> operator(|)operator(|) (last_name) reserved(from) (users)operator(;) + +reserved(select) (first_name) operator(|)operator(|) string<delimiter(")content( )delimiter(")> operator(|)operator(|) (last_name) reserved(from) (users)operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) (users) reserved(JOIN) (companies) reserved(USING) operator(()(company_id)operator(\)) reserved(WHERE) (company_type) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(Fortune 500)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) operator(*) reserved(FROM) (users) reserved(WHERE) (name_first) reserved(LIKE) string<delimiter(')content(%Keith%)delimiter(')>operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) reserved(CASE) reserved(WHEN) (foo)operator(.)(bar) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(PY)delimiter(')> + reserved(THEN) string<delimiter(')content(BAR)delimiter(')> + reserved(ELSE) string<delimiter(')content(FOO)delimiter(')> + reserved(END) reserved(as) (bar_type)operator(,) + (user_id)operator(,) + (company_id)operator(,) + predefined(sum)operator(() + reserved(case) reserved(when) (foo)operator(.)(bar) operator(=) string<delimiter(')content(PY)delimiter(')> + reserved(then) operator(-)(amt) reserved(else) (amt) + reserved(end) + operator(\)) (over) operator(()reserved(order) reserved(by) (id)operator(,) (amt)operator(\)) reserved(as) (balance)operator(;) + +reserved(SELECT) (users)operator(.)operator(*)operator(,) operator(()reserved(SELECT) (company_name) reserved(FROM) (companies) reserved(WHERE) (company_id) operator(=) (users)operator(.)(company_id)operator(\)) reserved(FROM) (users)operator(;) + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/selects.in.sql b/test/scanners/sql/selects.in.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c6203f --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/selects.in.sql @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +--RANDOM SQL QUERIES THAT DO NOTHING INTERESTING +--Copyright (C) 2009 - Keith Pitt <keith@keithpitt.com> + +--This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +--it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +--the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +--(at your option) any later version. + +--This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +--but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +--MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +--GNU General Public License for more details. + +--You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +--along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + +SELECT * FROM users; + +select * from users; + +SELECT `First Name`, `Last Name` FROM `User Table`; + +select first_name, last_name FROM users; + +select first_name || ' ' || last_name from users; + +select first_name || " " || last_name from users; + +SELECT * FROM users JOIN companies USING (company_id) WHERE company_type = 'Fortune 500'; + +SELECT * FROM users WHERE name_first LIKE '%Keith%'; + +SELECT CASE WHEN foo.bar = 'PY' + THEN 'BAR' + ELSE 'FOO' + END as bar_type, + user_id, + company_id, + sum( + case when foo.bar = 'PY' + then -amt else amt + end + ) over (order by id, amt) as balance; + +SELECT users.*, (SELECT company_name FROM companies WHERE company_id = users.company_id) FROM users; + diff --git a/test/scanners/sql/suite.rb b/test/scanners/sql/suite.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1122b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/scanners/sql/suite.rb @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +class SQL < CodeRay::TestCase +end |