Clean up W503 and E402 pep8 errors

pycodestyle 2.40 and later enforce these rules that were not previously
enforced. Rather than just skipping them, this cleans up the trivial
instances of these violations.

This does also include some other updates that were not triggering errors
in an attempt to keep some of the style consistent.

Change-Id: Id7c0a6b8f1f835e69d844b000e3ed751852ada63
Closes-bug: #1762803

5 files changed, 170 insertions, 195 deletions

diff --git a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network.py b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network.py
index 40fb382a..9cef135f 100644
--- a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network.py
+++ b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network.py
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
             cmd_output["description"],
         )
 
-        del_output = self.openstack('network delete ' + name1 + ' ' + name2)
+        del_output = self.openstack('network delete %s %s' % (name1, name2))
         self.assertOutput('', del_output)
 
     def test_network_list(self):
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
             network_options +
             name1
         ))
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete ' + name1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete %s' % name1)
         self.assertIsNotNone(cmd_output["id"])
         if self.haz_network:
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -264,10 +264,8 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         else:
             network_options = '--subnet 4.5.6.7/28 '
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network create -f json ' +
-            '--share ' +
-            network_options +
-            name2
+            'network create -f json --share %s%s' %
+            (network_options, name2)
         ))
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete ' + name2)
         self.assertIsNotNone(cmd_output["id"])
@@ -313,8 +311,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         # Test list --long
         if self.haz_network:
             cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-                "network list -f json " +
-                "--long"
+                "network list -f json --long"
             ))
             col_name = [x["Name"] for x in cmd_output]
             self.assertIn(name1, col_name)
@@ -323,9 +320,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         # Test list --long --enable
         if self.haz_network:
             cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-                "network list -f json " +
-                "--enable " +
-                "--long"
+                "network list -f json --enable --long"
             ))
             col_name = [x["Name"] for x in cmd_output]
             self.assertIn(name1, col_name)
@@ -334,9 +329,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         # Test list --long --disable
         if self.haz_network:
             cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-                "network list -f json " +
-                "--disable " +
-                "--long"
+                "network list -f json --disable --long"
             ))
             col_name = [x["Name"] for x in cmd_output]
             self.assertNotIn(name1, col_name)
@@ -345,8 +338,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         # Test list --share
         if self.haz_network:
             cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-                "network list -f json " +
-                "--share "
+                "network list -f json --share "
             ))
             col_name = [x["Name"] for x in cmd_output]
             self.assertNotIn(name1, col_name)
@@ -355,8 +347,7 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         # Test list --no-share
         if self.haz_network:
             cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-                "network list -f json " +
-                "--no-share "
+                "network list -f json --no-share "
             ))
             col_name = [x["Name"] for x in cmd_output]
             self.assertIn(name1, col_name)
@@ -368,12 +359,10 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
 
         name1 = uuid.uuid4().hex
         cmd_output1 = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network create -f json ' +
-            '--description aaaa ' +
-            name1
+            'network create -f json --description aaaa %s' % name1
         ))
 
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete ' + name1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete %s' % name1)
 
         # Get network ID
         network_id = cmd_output1['id']
@@ -386,20 +375,19 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
 
         # Add Agent to Network
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent add network --dhcp '
-            + agent_id + ' ' + network_id
+            'network agent add network --dhcp %s %s' % (agent_id, network_id)
         )
 
         # Test network list --agent
         cmd_output3 = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network list -f json --agent ' + agent_id
+            'network list -f json --agent %s' % agent_id
         ))
 
         # Cleanup
         # Remove Agent from Network
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent remove network --dhcp '
-            + agent_id + ' ' + network_id
+            'network agent remove network --dhcp %s %s' %
+            (agent_id, network_id)
         )
 
         # Assert
@@ -415,16 +403,16 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
 
         name = uuid.uuid4().hex
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network create -f json ' +
-            '--description aaaa ' +
-            '--enable ' +
-            '--no-share ' +
-            '--internal ' +
-            '--no-default ' +
-            '--enable-port-security ' +
+            'network create -f json '
+            '--description aaaa '
+            '--enable '
+            '--no-share '
+            '--internal '
+            '--no-default '
+            '--enable-port-security %s' %
             name
         ))
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete ' + name)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete %s' % name)
         self.assertIsNotNone(cmd_output["id"])
         self.assertEqual(
             'aaaa',
@@ -453,12 +441,12 @@ class NetworkTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         )
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network set ' +
-            '--description cccc ' +
-            '--disable ' +
-            '--share ' +
-            '--external ' +
-            '--disable-port-security ' +
+            'network set '
+            '--description cccc '
+            '--disable '
+            '--share '
+            '--external '
+            '--disable-port-security %s' %
             name
         )
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
diff --git a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_agent.py b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_agent.py
index 0c74ea1d..86769e0c 100644
--- a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_agent.py
+++ b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_agent.py
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ class NetworkAgentTests(common.NetworkTests):
 
         # agent show
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent show -f json ' +
-            agent_ids[0]
+            'network agent show -f json %s' % agent_ids[0]
         ))
         self.assertEqual(
             agent_ids[0],
@@ -52,15 +51,12 @@ class NetworkAgentTests(common.NetworkTests):
 
         # agent set
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network agent set ' +
-            '--disable ' +
-            agent_ids[0]
+            'network agent set --disable %s' % agent_ids[0]
         )
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent show -f json ' +
-            agent_ids[0]
+            'network agent show -f json %s' % agent_ids[0]
         ))
         self.assertEqual(
             "DOWN",
@@ -68,15 +64,12 @@ class NetworkAgentTests(common.NetworkTests):
         )
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network agent set ' +
-            '--enable ' +
-            agent_ids[0]
+            'network agent set --enable %s' % agent_ids[0]
         )
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent show -f json ' +
-            agent_ids[0]
+            'network agent show -f json %s' % agent_ids[0]
         ))
         self.assertEqual(
             "UP",
@@ -98,12 +91,10 @@ class NetworkAgentListTests(common.NetworkTests):
 
         name1 = uuid.uuid4().hex
         cmd_output1 = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network create -f json ' +
-            '--description aaaa ' +
-            name1
+            'network create -f json --description aaaa %s' % name1
         ))
 
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete ' + name1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network delete %s' % name1)
 
         # Get network ID
         network_id = cmd_output1['id']
@@ -116,20 +107,20 @@ class NetworkAgentListTests(common.NetworkTests):
 
         # Add Agent to Network
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent add network --dhcp '
-            + agent_id + ' ' + network_id
+            'network agent add network --dhcp %s %s' %
+            (agent_id, network_id)
         )
 
         # Test network agent list --network
         cmd_output3 = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent list -f json --network ' + network_id
+            'network agent list -f json --network %s' % network_id
         ))
 
         # Cleanup
         # Remove Agent from Network
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent remove network --dhcp '
-            + agent_id + ' ' + network_id
+            'network agent remove network --dhcp %s %s' %
+            (agent_id, network_id)
         )
 
         # Assert
@@ -142,9 +133,9 @@ class NetworkAgentListTests(common.NetworkTests):
         """Add agent to router, list agents on router, delete."""
         name = uuid.uuid4().hex
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'router create -f json ' + name))
+            'router create -f json %s' % name))
 
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'router delete ' + name)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'router delete %s' % name)
         # Get router ID
         router_id = cmd_output['id']
         # Get l3 agent id
@@ -157,19 +148,19 @@ class NetworkAgentListTests(common.NetworkTests):
 
         # Add router to agent
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent add router --l3 ' + agent_id + ' ' + router_id)
+            'network agent add router --l3 %s %s' % (agent_id, router_id))
 
         # Test router list --agent
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent list -f json --router ' + router_id))
+            'network agent list -f json --router %s' % router_id))
 
         agent_ids = [x['ID'] for x in cmd_output]
         self.assertIn(agent_id, agent_ids)
 
         # Remove router from agent
         self.openstack(
-            'network agent remove router --l3 ' + agent_id + ' ' + router_id)
+            'network agent remove router --l3 %s %s' % (agent_id, router_id))
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network agent list -f json --router ' + router_id))
+            'network agent list -f json --router %s' % router_id))
         agent_ids = [x['ID'] for x in cmd_output]
         self.assertNotIn(agent_id, agent_ids)
diff --git a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_flavor.py b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_flavor.py
index 47e7b440..ba3de2cd 100644
--- a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_flavor.py
+++ b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_flavor.py
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ class NetworkFlavorTests(common.NetworkTests):
         # Create Service Flavor
         cmd_output2 = json.loads(self.openstack(
             'network flavor profile create -f json --description '
-            + 'fakedescription' + ' --enable --metainfo ' + 'Extrainfo'
+            'fakedescription --enable --metainfo Extrainfo'
         ))
         service_profile_id = cmd_output2.get('id')
 
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network flavor delete ' +
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network flavor delete %s' %
                         flavor_id)
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network flavor profile delete ' +
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'network flavor profile delete %s' %
                         service_profile_id)
         # Add flavor to service profile
         self.openstack(
diff --git a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_qos_rule.py b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_qos_rule.py
index 770abe94..5d235405 100644
--- a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_qos_rule.py
+++ b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_network_qos_rule.py
@@ -28,62 +28,60 @@ class NetworkQosRuleTestsMinimumBandwidth(common.NetworkTests):
         if not self.haz_network:
             self.skipTest("No Network service present")
 
-        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_' + uuid.uuid4().hex
+        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_%s' % uuid.uuid4().hex
 
         self.openstack(
-            'network qos policy create ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
+            'network qos policy create %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         )
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type minimum-bandwidth ' +
-            '--min-kbps 2800 ' +
-            '--egress ' +
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type minimum-bandwidth '
+            '--min-kbps 2800 '
+            '--egress %s' %
             self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         ))
         self.RULE_ID = cmd_output['id']
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos rule delete ' +
-                        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' +
-                        self.RULE_ID)
+                        'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+                        (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         self.assertTrue(self.RULE_ID)
 
     def test_qos_rule_create_delete(self):
         # This is to check the output of qos rule delete
         policy_name = uuid.uuid4().hex
-        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json ' + policy_name)
+        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json %s' % policy_name)
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + policy_name)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % policy_name)
         rule = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type minimum-bandwidth ' +
-            '--min-kbps 2800 ' +
-            '--egress ' + policy_name
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type minimum-bandwidth '
+            '--min-kbps 2800 '
+            '--egress %s' % policy_name
         ))
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule delete ' +
-            policy_name + ' ' + rule['id'])
+            'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+            (policy_name, rule['id']))
         self.assertEqual('', raw_output)
 
     def test_qos_rule_list(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule list -f json ' + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
+            'network qos rule list -f json %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
         self.assertIn(self.RULE_ID, [rule['ID'] for rule in cmd_output])
 
     def test_qos_rule_show(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(self.RULE_ID, cmd_output['id'])
 
     def test_qos_rule_set(self):
-        self.openstack('network qos rule set --min-kbps 7500 ' +
-                       self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID)
+        self.openstack('network qos rule set --min-kbps 7500 %s %s' %
+                       (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(7500, cmd_output['min_kbps'])
 
 
@@ -96,58 +94,57 @@ class NetworkQosRuleTestsDSCPMarking(common.NetworkTests):
         if not self.haz_network:
             self.skipTest("No Network service present")
 
-        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_' + uuid.uuid4().hex
+        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_%s' % uuid.uuid4().hex
         self.openstack(
-            'network qos policy create ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
+            'network qos policy create %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         )
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type dscp-marking ' +
-            '--dscp-mark 8 ' +
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type dscp-marking '
+            '--dscp-mark 8 %s' %
             self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         ))
         self.RULE_ID = cmd_output['id']
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos rule delete ' +
-                        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID)
+                        'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+                        (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         self.assertTrue(self.RULE_ID)
 
     def test_qos_rule_create_delete(self):
         # This is to check the output of qos rule delete
         policy_name = uuid.uuid4().hex
-        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json ' + policy_name)
+        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json %s' % policy_name)
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + policy_name)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % policy_name)
         rule = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type dscp-marking ' +
-            '--dscp-mark 8 ' + policy_name
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type dscp-marking '
+            '--dscp-mark 8 %s' % policy_name
         ))
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule delete ' +
-            policy_name + ' ' + rule['id'])
+            'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+            (policy_name, rule['id']))
         self.assertEqual('', raw_output)
 
     def test_qos_rule_list(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule list -f json ' + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
+            'network qos rule list -f json %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
         self.assertIn(self.RULE_ID, [rule['ID'] for rule in cmd_output])
 
     def test_qos_rule_show(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(self.RULE_ID, cmd_output['id'])
 
     def test_qos_rule_set(self):
-        self.openstack('network qos rule set --dscp-mark 32 ' +
-                       self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID)
+        self.openstack('network qos rule set --dscp-mark 32 %s %s' %
+                       (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(32, cmd_output['dscp_mark'])
 
 
@@ -160,65 +157,64 @@ class NetworkQosRuleTestsBandwidthLimit(common.NetworkTests):
         if not self.haz_network:
             self.skipTest("No Network service present")
 
-        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_' + uuid.uuid4().hex
+        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME = 'qos_policy_%s' % uuid.uuid4().hex
         self.openstack(
-            'network qos policy create ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
+            'network qos policy create %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         )
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % self.QOS_POLICY_NAME)
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type bandwidth-limit ' +
-            '--max-kbps 10000 ' +
-            '--max-burst-kbits 1400 ' +
-            '--egress ' +
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type bandwidth-limit '
+            '--max-kbps 10000 '
+            '--max-burst-kbits 1400 '
+            '--egress %s' %
             self.QOS_POLICY_NAME
         ))
         self.RULE_ID = cmd_output['id']
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos rule delete ' +
-                        self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID)
+                        'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+                        (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         self.assertTrue(self.RULE_ID)
 
     def test_qos_rule_create_delete(self):
         # This is to check the output of qos rule delete
         policy_name = uuid.uuid4().hex
-        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json ' + policy_name)
+        self.openstack('network qos policy create -f json %s' % policy_name)
         self.addCleanup(self.openstack,
-                        'network qos policy delete ' + policy_name)
+                        'network qos policy delete %s' % policy_name)
         rule = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule create -f json ' +
-            '--type bandwidth-limit ' +
-            '--max-kbps 10000 ' +
-            '--max-burst-kbits 1400 ' +
-            '--egress ' + policy_name
+            'network qos rule create -f json '
+            '--type bandwidth-limit '
+            '--max-kbps 10000 '
+            '--max-burst-kbits 1400 '
+            '--egress %s' % policy_name
         ))
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule delete ' +
-            policy_name + ' ' + rule['id'])
+            'network qos rule delete %s %s' %
+            (policy_name, rule['id']))
         self.assertEqual('', raw_output)
 
     def test_qos_rule_list(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule list -f json '
-            + self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
+            'network qos rule list -f json %s' %
+            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME))
         self.assertIn(self.RULE_ID, [rule['ID'] for rule in cmd_output])
 
     def test_qos_rule_show(self):
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(self.RULE_ID, cmd_output['id'])
 
     def test_qos_rule_set(self):
-        self.openstack('network qos rule set --max-kbps 15000 ' +
-                       '--max-burst-kbits 1800 ' +
-                       '--ingress ' +
-                       self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID)
+        self.openstack('network qos rule set --max-kbps 15000 '
+                       '--max-burst-kbits 1800 '
+                       '--ingress %s %s' %
+                       (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID))
         cmd_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'network qos rule show -f json ' +
-            self.QOS_POLICY_NAME + ' ' + self.RULE_ID))
+            'network qos rule show -f json %s %s' %
+            (self.QOS_POLICY_NAME, self.RULE_ID)))
         self.assertEqual(15000, cmd_output['max_kbps'])
         self.assertEqual(1800, cmd_output['max_burst_kbps'])
         self.assertEqual('ingress', cmd_output['direction'])
diff --git a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_port.py b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_port.py
index 7357c0ed..e3067d90 100644
--- a/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_port.py
+++ b/openstackclient/tests/functional/network/v2/test_port.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
 
             # Create a network for the port tests
             cls.openstack(
-                'network create ' + cls.NETWORK_NAME
+                'network create %s' % cls.NETWORK_NAME
             )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         try:
             if cls.haz_network:
                 raw_output = cls.openstack(
-                    'network delete ' + cls.NETWORK_NAME
+                    'network delete %s' % cls.NETWORK_NAME
                 )
                 cls.assertOutput('', raw_output)
         finally:
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
     def test_port_delete(self):
         """Test create, delete multiple"""
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json --network ' +
-            self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' + self.NAME
+            'port create -f json --network %s %s' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, self.NAME)
         ))
         id1 = json_output.get('id')
         self.assertIsNotNone(id1)
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         self.assertEqual(self.NAME, json_output.get('name'))
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json --network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' +
-            self.NAME + 'x'
+            'port create -f json --network %s %sx' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, self.NAME)
         ))
         id2 = json_output.get('id')
         self.assertIsNotNone(id2)
@@ -74,31 +74,31 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         self.assertEqual(self.NAME + 'x', json_output.get('name'))
 
         # Clean up after ourselves
-        raw_output = self.openstack('port delete ' + id1 + ' ' + id2)
+        raw_output = self.openstack('port delete %s %s' % (id1, id2))
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
     def test_port_list(self):
         """Test create defaults, list, delete"""
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json --network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' +
-            self.NAME
+            'port create -f json --network %s %s' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, self.NAME)
         ))
         id1 = json_output.get('id')
         self.assertIsNotNone(id1)
         mac1 = json_output.get('mac_address')
         self.assertIsNotNone(mac1)
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete ' + id1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete %s' % id1)
         self.assertEqual(self.NAME, json_output.get('name'))
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json --network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' +
-            self.NAME + 'x'
+            'port create -f json --network %s %sx' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, self.NAME)
         ))
         id2 = json_output.get('id')
         self.assertIsNotNone(id2)
         mac2 = json_output.get('mac_address')
         self.assertIsNotNone(mac2)
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete ' + id2)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete %s' % id2)
         self.assertEqual(self.NAME + 'x', json_output.get('name'))
 
         # Test list
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
 
         # Test list --mac-address
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port list -f json --mac-address ' + mac2
+            'port list -f json --mac-address %s' % mac2
         ))
         item_map = {item.get('ID'): item.get('MAC Address') for item in
                     json_output}
@@ -145,26 +145,26 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         """Test create, set, show, delete"""
         name = uuid.uuid4().hex
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json ' +
-            '--network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' +
-            '--description xyzpdq ' +
-            '--disable ' +
-            name
+            'port create -f json '
+            '--network %s '
+            '--description xyzpdq '
+            '--disable %s' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, name)
         ))
         id1 = json_output.get('id')
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete ' + id1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete %s' % id1)
         self.assertEqual(name, json_output.get('name'))
         self.assertEqual('xyzpdq', json_output.get('description'))
         self.assertEqual('DOWN', json_output.get('admin_state_up'))
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'port set ' + '--enable ' +
+            'port set --enable %s' %
             name
         )
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port show -f json ' + name
+            'port show -f json %s' % name
         ))
         sg_id = json_output.get('security_group_ids')
 
@@ -174,30 +174,30 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         self.assertIsNotNone(json_output.get('mac_address'))
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'port unset --security-group ' + sg_id + ' ' + id1)
+            'port unset --security-group %s %s' % (sg_id, id1))
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port show -f json ' + name
+            'port show -f json %s' % name
         ))
         self.assertEqual('', json_output.get('security_group_ids'))
 
     def test_port_admin_set(self):
         """Test create, set (as admin), show, delete"""
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json ' +
-            '--network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' + self.NAME
+            'port create -f json '
+            '--network %s %s' % (self.NETWORK_NAME, self.NAME)
         ))
         id_ = json_output.get('id')
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete ' + id_)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete %s' % id_)
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
             '--os-username admin '
-            + 'port set --mac-address 11:22:33:44:55:66 '
-            + self.NAME)
+            'port set --mac-address 11:22:33:44:55:66 %s' %
+            self.NAME)
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port show -f json ' + self.NAME
+            'port show -f json %s' % self.NAME
         ))
         self.assertEqual(json_output.get('mac_address'), '11:22:33:44:55:66')
 
@@ -205,41 +205,41 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         """Test create, set, show, delete"""
         sg_name1 = uuid.uuid4().hex
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'security group create -f json ' +
+            'security group create -f json %s' %
             sg_name1
         ))
         sg_id1 = json_output.get('id')
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'security group delete ' + sg_id1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'security group delete %s' % sg_id1)
 
         sg_name2 = uuid.uuid4().hex
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'security group create -f json ' +
+            'security group create -f json %s' %
             sg_name2
         ))
         sg_id2 = json_output.get('id')
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'security group delete ' + sg_id2)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'security group delete %s' % sg_id2)
 
         name = uuid.uuid4().hex
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port create -f json ' +
-            '--network ' + self.NETWORK_NAME + ' ' +
-            '--security-group ' + sg_name1 + ' ' +
-            name
+            'port create -f json '
+            '--network %s '
+            '--security-group %s %s' %
+            (self.NETWORK_NAME, sg_name1, name)
         ))
         id1 = json_output.get('id')
-        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete ' + id1)
+        self.addCleanup(self.openstack, 'port delete %s' % id1)
         self.assertEqual(name, json_output.get('name'))
         self.assertEqual(sg_id1, json_output.get('security_group_ids'))
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'port set ' +
-            '--security-group ' + sg_name2 + ' ' +
-            name
+            'port set '
+            '--security-group %s %s' %
+            (sg_name2, name)
         )
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port show -f json ' + name
+            'port show -f json %s' % name
         ))
         self.assertEqual(name, json_output.get('name'))
         self.assertIn(
@@ -254,11 +254,11 @@ class PortTests(common.NetworkTagTests):
         )
 
         raw_output = self.openstack(
-            'port unset --security-group ' + sg_id1 + ' ' + id1)
+            'port unset --security-group %s %s' % (sg_id1, id1))
         self.assertOutput('', raw_output)
 
         json_output = json.loads(self.openstack(
-            'port show -f json ' + name
+            'port show -f json %s' % name
         ))
         self.assertEqual(
             # TODO(dtroyer): output formatters should do this on JSON!