Refs #23919 -- Removed six.PY2/PY3 usage

Thanks Tim Graham for the review.

111 files changed, 308 insertions, 1299 deletions

diff --git a/django/contrib/admindocs/views.py b/django/contrib/admindocs/views.py
index 3488e9fb3a..4a8e1eb599 100644
--- a/django/contrib/admindocs/views.py
+++ b/django/contrib/admindocs/views.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.http import Http404
 from django.template.engine import Engine
 from django.urls import get_mod_func, get_resolver, get_urlconf, reverse
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
 from django.utils.inspect import (
     func_accepts_kwargs, func_accepts_var_args, func_has_no_args,
@@ -132,12 +131,7 @@ class ViewIndexView(BaseAdminDocsView):
     @staticmethod
     def _get_full_name(func):
         mod_name = func.__module__
-        if six.PY3:
-            return '%s.%s' % (mod_name, func.__qualname__)
-        else:
-            # PY2 does not support __qualname__
-            func_name = getattr(func, '__name__', func.__class__.__name__)
-            return '%s.%s' % (mod_name, func_name)
+        return '%s.%s' % (mod_name, func.__qualname__)
 
     def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
         views = []
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py b/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py
index 17fd8dd11a..0d3fca03eb 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ from django.apps import apps as global_apps
 from django.contrib.auth import get_permission_codename
 from django.core import exceptions
 from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, router
-from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.encoding import DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING
 
 
 def _get_all_permissions(opts):
@@ -98,12 +96,6 @@ def get_system_username():
         # if there is no corresponding entry in the /etc/passwd file
         # (a very restricted chroot environment, for example).
         return ''
-    if six.PY2:
-        try:
-            result = result.decode(DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING)
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            # UnicodeDecodeError - preventive treatment for non-latin Windows.
-            return ''
     return result
 
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0001_initial.py b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0001_initial.py
index f97caae1e4..5ab80b64e0 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import django.contrib.auth.models
 from django.contrib.auth import validators
 from django.db import migrations, models
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
@@ -63,9 +63,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                 ('username', models.CharField(
                     help_text='Required. 30 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.', unique=True,
                     max_length=30, verbose_name='username',
-                    validators=[
-                        validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator() if six.PY3 else validators.ASCIIUsernameValidator()
-                    ],
+                    validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()],
                 )),
                 ('first_name', models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='first name', blank=True)),
                 ('last_name', models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='last name', blank=True)),
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0004_alter_user_username_opts.py b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0004_alter_user_username_opts.py
index f4afcf7bd8..a16083ee37 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0004_alter_user_username_opts.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0004_alter_user_username_opts.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib.auth import validators
 from django.db import migrations, models
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
             name='username',
             field=models.CharField(
                 error_messages={'unique': 'A user with that username already exists.'}, max_length=30,
-                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator() if six.PY3 else validators.ASCIIUsernameValidator()],
+                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()],
                 help_text='Required. 30 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.',
                 unique=True, verbose_name='username'
             ),
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages.py b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages.py
index 6d44280856..42f5087730 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib.auth import validators
 from django.db import migrations, models
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                 help_text='Required. 30 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.',
                 max_length=30,
                 unique=True,
-                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator() if six.PY3 else validators.ASCIIUsernameValidator()],
+                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()],
                 verbose_name='username',
             ),
         ),
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0008_alter_user_username_max_length.py b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0008_alter_user_username_max_length.py
index 15b9cf8c94..7c9dae0950 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0008_alter_user_username_max_length.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/migrations/0008_alter_user_username_max_length.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib.auth import validators
 from django.db import migrations, models
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                 help_text='Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.',
                 max_length=150,
                 unique=True,
-                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator() if six.PY3 else validators.ASCIIUsernameValidator()],
+                validators=[validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()],
                 verbose_name='username',
             ),
         ),
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/models.py b/django/contrib/auth/models.py
index 51b0d8fa63..7155bd1199 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/models.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from django.db.models.manager import EmptyManager
 from django.utils import six, timezone
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
-from .validators import ASCIIUsernameValidator, UnicodeUsernameValidator
+from .validators import UnicodeUsernameValidator
 
 
 def update_last_login(sender, user, **kwargs):
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class AbstractUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
 
     Username and password are required. Other fields are optional.
     """
-    username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator() if six.PY3 else ASCIIUsernameValidator()
+    username_validator = UnicodeUsernameValidator()
 
     username = models.CharField(
         _('username'),
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/validators.py b/django/contrib/auth/validators.py
index 0691d22a88..d8083de809 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/validators.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/validators.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
 from django.core import validators
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ class ASCIIUsernameValidator(validators.RegexValidator):
         'Enter a valid username. This value may contain only English letters, '
         'numbers, and @/./+/-/_ characters.'
     )
-    flags = re.ASCII if six.PY3 else 0
+    flags = re.ASCII
 
 
 @deconstructible
@@ -23,4 +22,4 @@ class UnicodeUsernameValidator(validators.RegexValidator):
         'Enter a valid username. This value may contain only letters, '
         'numbers, and @/./+/-/_ characters.'
     )
-    flags = re.UNICODE if six.PY2 else 0
+    flags = 0
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py b/django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py
index 3cf9b10fd5..71e4c64878 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/utils/ogrinspect.py
@@ -235,5 +235,4 @@ def _ogrinspect(data_source, model_name, geom_name='geom', layer_key=0, srid=Non
 
     if name_field:
         yield ''
-        yield '    def __%s__(self): return self.%s' % (
-            'str' if six.PY3 else 'unicode', name_field)
+        yield '    def __str__(self): return self.%s' % name_field
diff --git a/django/contrib/postgres/signals.py b/django/contrib/postgres/signals.py
index 183ba1d983..682627de1d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/postgres/signals.py
+++ b/django/contrib/postgres/signals.py
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 from psycopg2 import ProgrammingError
 from psycopg2.extras import register_hstore
 
-from django.utils import six
-
 
 def register_hstore_handler(connection, **kwargs):
     if connection.vendor != 'postgresql':
         return
 
     try:
-        if six.PY2:
-            register_hstore(connection.connection, globally=True, unicode=True)
-        else:
-            register_hstore(connection.connection, globally=True)
+        register_hstore(connection.connection, globally=True)
     except ProgrammingError:
         # Hstore is not available on the database.
         #
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/db.py b/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
index ce48018d91..ad805324bd 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.cache.backends.base import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, BaseCache
 from django.db import DatabaseError, connections, models, router, transaction
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 
 try:
@@ -112,11 +112,9 @@ class DatabaseCache(BaseDatabaseCache):
             if num > self._max_entries:
                 self._cull(db, cursor, now)
             pickled = pickle.dumps(value, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
-            b64encoded = base64.b64encode(pickled)
             # The DB column is expecting a string, so make sure the value is a
             # string, not bytes. Refs #19274.
-            if six.PY3:
-                b64encoded = b64encoded.decode('latin1')
+            b64encoded = base64.b64encode(pickled).decode('latin1')
             try:
                 # Note: typecasting for datetimes is needed by some 3rd party
                 # database backends. All core backends work without typecasting,
diff --git a/django/core/exceptions.py b/django/core/exceptions.py
index 47c5359c75..3bf52fab00 100644
--- a/django/core/exceptions.py
+++ b/django/core/exceptions.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """
 Global Django exception and warning classes.
 """
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 
@@ -115,10 +114,7 @@ class ValidationError(Exception):
         if isinstance(message, ValidationError):
             if hasattr(message, 'error_dict'):
                 message = message.error_dict
-            # PY2 has a `message` property which is always there so we can't
-            # duck-type on it. It was introduced in Python 2.5 and already
-            # deprecated in Python 2.6.
-            elif not hasattr(message, 'message' if six.PY3 else 'code'):
+            elif not hasattr(message, 'message'):
                 message = message.error_list
             else:
                 message, code, params = message.message, message.code, message.params
diff --git a/django/core/files/base.py b/django/core/files/base.py
index f797158881..dd07bc959a 100644
--- a/django/core/files/base.py
+++ b/django/core/files/base.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from io import BytesIO, StringIO, UnsupportedOperation
 
 from django.core.files.utils import FileProxyMixin
 from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str, force_text
+from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text
 
 
 class File(FileProxyMixin):
@@ -140,11 +140,7 @@ class ContentFile(File):
     A File-like object that takes just raw content, rather than an actual file.
     """
     def __init__(self, content, name=None):
-        if six.PY3:
-            stream_class = StringIO if isinstance(content, six.text_type) else BytesIO
-        else:
-            stream_class = BytesIO
-            content = force_bytes(content)
+        stream_class = StringIO if isinstance(content, six.text_type) else BytesIO
         super(ContentFile, self).__init__(stream_class(content), name=name)
         self.size = len(content)
 
diff --git a/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py b/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
index 538373cd8d..f4d3e6553a 100644
--- a/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
+++ b/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core import signals
 from django.core.handlers import base
 from django.urls import set_script_prefix
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import (
     force_str, force_text, repercent_broken_unicode,
 )
@@ -212,22 +211,20 @@ def get_bytes_from_wsgi(environ, key, default):
     """
     Get a value from the WSGI environ dictionary as bytes.
 
-    key and default should be str objects. Under Python 2 they may also be
-    unicode objects provided they only contain ASCII characters.
+    key and default should be str objects.
     """
     value = environ.get(str(key), str(default))
-    # Under Python 3, non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are arbitrarily
-    # decoded with ISO-8859-1. This is wrong for Django websites where UTF-8
-    # is the default. Re-encode to recover the original bytestring.
-    return value.encode(ISO_8859_1) if six.PY3 else value
+    # Non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are arbitrarily decoded with
+    # ISO-8859-1. This is wrong for Django websites where UTF-8 is the default.
+    # Re-encode to recover the original bytestring.
+    return value.encode(ISO_8859_1)
 
 
 def get_str_from_wsgi(environ, key, default):
     """
     Get a value from the WSGI environ dictionary as str.
 
-    key and default should be str objects. Under Python 2 they may also be
-    unicode objects provided they only contain ASCII characters.
+    key and default should be str objects.
     """
     value = get_bytes_from_wsgi(environ, key, default)
-    return value.decode(UTF_8, errors='replace') if six.PY3 else value
+    return value.decode(UTF_8, errors='replace')
diff --git a/django/core/mail/backends/console.py b/django/core/mail/backends/console.py
index 0ce88534ea..49ddade984 100644
--- a/django/core/mail/backends/console.py
+++ b/django/core/mail/backends/console.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import sys
 import threading
 
 from django.core.mail.backends.base import BaseEmailBackend
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class EmailBackend(BaseEmailBackend):
@@ -17,9 +16,8 @@ class EmailBackend(BaseEmailBackend):
     def write_message(self, message):
         msg = message.message()
         msg_data = msg.as_bytes()
-        if six.PY3:
-            charset = msg.get_charset().get_output_charset() if msg.get_charset() else 'utf-8'
-            msg_data = msg_data.decode(charset)
+        charset = msg.get_charset().get_output_charset() if msg.get_charset() else 'utf-8'
+        msg_data = msg_data.decode(charset)
         self.stream.write('%s\n' % msg_data)
         self.stream.write('-' * 79)
         self.stream.write('\n')
diff --git a/django/core/mail/message.py b/django/core/mail/message.py
index 2c68e82809..c4df44fa9d 100644
--- a/django/core/mail/message.py
+++ b/django/core/mail/message.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import time
 from email import (
     charset as Charset, encoders as Encoders, generator, message_from_string,
 )
+from email.errors import InvalidHeaderDefect, NonASCIILocalPartDefect
 from email.header import Header
+from email.headerregistry import Address
 from email.message import Message
 from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
 from email.mime.message import MIMEMessage
@@ -139,18 +141,8 @@ def sanitize_address(addr, encoding):
     except UnicodeEncodeError:  # IDN or non-ascii in the local part
         localpart, domain = split_addr(addr, encoding)
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        # On Python 2, use the stdlib since `email.headerregistry` doesn't exist.
-        from email.utils import formataddr
-        if localpart and domain:
-            addr = '@'.join([localpart, domain])
-        return formataddr((nm, addr))
-
-    # On Python 3, an `email.headerregistry.Address` object is used since
+    # An `email.headerregistry.Address` object is used since
     # email.utils.formataddr() naively encodes the name as ascii (see #25986).
-    from email.headerregistry import Address
-    from email.errors import InvalidHeaderDefect, NonASCIILocalPartDefect
-
     if localpart and domain:
         address = Address(nm, username=localpart, domain=domain)
         return str(address)
@@ -174,27 +166,21 @@ class MIMEMixin():
         """
         fp = six.StringIO()
         g = generator.Generator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
-        if six.PY2:
-            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
-        else:
-            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
+        g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
         return fp.getvalue()
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        as_bytes = as_string
-    else:
-        def as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, linesep='\n'):
-            """Return the entire formatted message as bytes.
-            Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
-            header.
+    def as_bytes(self, unixfrom=False, linesep='\n'):
+        """Return the entire formatted message as bytes.
+        Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
+        header.
 
-            This overrides the default as_bytes() implementation to not mangle
-            lines that begin with 'From '. See bug #13433 for details.
-            """
-            fp = BytesIO()
-            g = generator.BytesGenerator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
-            g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
-            return fp.getvalue()
+        This overrides the default as_bytes() implementation to not mangle
+        lines that begin with 'From '. See bug #13433 for details.
+        """
+        fp = BytesIO()
+        g = generator.BytesGenerator(fp, mangle_from_=False)
+        g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom, linesep=linesep)
+        return fp.getvalue()
 
 
 class SafeMIMEMessage(MIMEMixin, MIMEMessage):
@@ -450,8 +436,6 @@ class EmailMessage(object):
             try:
                 filename.encode('ascii')
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                if six.PY2:
-                    filename = filename.encode('utf-8')
                 filename = ('utf-8', '', filename)
             attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
                                   filename=filename)
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py b/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py
index 4b621205e6..9f71400862 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from django.utils import lru_cache
 from django.utils._os import upath
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
-from django.utils.glob import glob_escape
 
 try:
     import bz2
@@ -238,7 +237,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                 self.stdout.write("Checking %s for fixtures..." % humanize(fixture_dir))
             fixture_files_in_dir = []
             path = os.path.join(fixture_dir, fixture_name)
-            for candidate in glob.iglob(glob_escape(path) + '*'):
+            for candidate in glob.iglob(glob.escape(path) + '*'):
                 if os.path.basename(candidate) in targets:
                     # Save the fixture_dir and fixture_name for future error messages.
                     fixture_files_in_dir.append((candidate, fixture_dir, fixture_name))
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py b/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py
index 62370072c5..e5dcaa1771 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
 from django.core.servers.basehttp import (
     WSGIServer, get_internal_wsgi_application, run,
 )
-from django.utils import autoreload, six
-from django.utils.encoding import force_text, get_system_encoding
+from django.utils import autoreload
+from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 
 naiveip_re = re.compile(r"""^(?:
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         # requires_migrations_check attribute.
         self.check_migrations()
         now = datetime.now().strftime('%B %d, %Y - %X')
-        if six.PY2:
-            now = now.decode(get_system_encoding())
         self.stdout.write(now)
         self.stdout.write((
             "Django version %(version)s, using settings %(settings)r\n"
diff --git a/django/core/management/templates.py b/django/core/management/templates.py
index 805da99148..775e75201b 100644
--- a/django/core/management/templates.py
+++ b/django/core/management/templates.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
 from django.core.management.utils import handle_extensions
 from django.template import Context, Engine
-from django.utils import archive, six
+from django.utils import archive
 from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.request import urlretrieve
 from django.utils.version import get_docs_version
 
@@ -218,21 +218,11 @@ class TemplateCommand(BaseCommand):
             raise CommandError("you must provide %s %s name" % (
                 "an" if app_or_project == "app" else "a", app_or_project))
         # If it's not a valid directory name.
-        if six.PY2:
-            if not re.search(r'^[_a-zA-Z]\w*$', name):
-                # Provide a smart error message, depending on the error.
-                if not re.search(r'^[_a-zA-Z]', name):
-                    message = 'make sure the name begins with a letter or underscore'
-                else:
-                    message = 'use only numbers, letters and underscores'
-                raise CommandError("%r is not a valid %s name. Please %s." %
-                                   (name, app_or_project, message))
-        else:
-            if not name.isidentifier():
-                raise CommandError(
-                    "%r is not a valid %s name. Please make sure the name is "
-                    "a valid identifier." % (name, app_or_project)
-                )
+        if not name.isidentifier():
+            raise CommandError(
+                "%r is not a valid %s name. Please make sure the name is "
+                "a valid identifier." % (name, app_or_project)
+            )
 
     def download(self, url):
         """
diff --git a/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py b/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py
index 3d6cb71915..495ca33221 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py
@@ -219,8 +219,6 @@ class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
             'conv': django_conversions,
             'charset': 'utf8',
         }
-        if six.PY2:
-            kwargs['use_unicode'] = True
         settings_dict = self.settings_dict
         if settings_dict['USER']:
             kwargs['user'] = settings_dict['USER']
diff --git a/django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py b/django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
index fd9d2d1179..9878fbd9bb 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
@@ -252,8 +252,6 @@ WHEN (new.%(col_name)s IS NULL)
         # https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cursor.html#Cursor.statement
         # The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
         statement = cursor.statement
-        if statement and six.PY2 and not isinstance(statement, unicode):  # NOQA: unicode undefined on PY3
-            statement = statement.decode('utf-8')
         # Unlike Psycopg's `query` and MySQLdb`'s `_last_executed`, CxOracle's
         # `statement` doesn't contain the query parameters. refs #20010.
         return super(DatabaseOperations, self).last_executed_query(cursor, statement, params)
diff --git a/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py b/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
index 85a21a8905..10b54faa20 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
 from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
 from django.db.utils import DatabaseError as WrappedDatabaseError
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeBytes, SafeText
@@ -46,9 +45,6 @@ from .schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor                    # NOQA isort:skip
 from .utils import utc_tzinfo_factory                       # NOQA isort:skip
 from .version import get_version                            # NOQA isort:skip
 
-if six.PY2:
-    psycopg2.extensions.register_type(psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE)
-    psycopg2.extensions.register_type(psycopg2.extensions.UNICODEARRAY)
 psycopg2.extensions.register_adapter(SafeBytes, psycopg2.extensions.QuotedString)
 psycopg2.extensions.register_adapter(SafeText, psycopg2.extensions.QuotedString)
 psycopg2.extras.register_uuid()
diff --git a/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py b/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py
index 0cd0516a0a..de3aa40000 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from django.utils.dateparse import (
     parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time,
 )
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
-from django.utils.safestring import SafeBytes
 
 try:
     try:
@@ -55,9 +54,6 @@ Database.register_converter(str("TIMESTAMP"), decoder(parse_datetime))
 Database.register_converter(str("decimal"), decoder(backend_utils.typecast_decimal))
 
 Database.register_adapter(decimal.Decimal, backend_utils.rev_typecast_decimal)
-if six.PY2:
-    Database.register_adapter(str, lambda s: s.decode('utf-8'))
-    Database.register_adapter(SafeBytes, lambda s: s.decode('utf-8'))
 
 
 class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
diff --git a/django/db/backends/sqlite3/features.py b/django/db/backends/sqlite3/features.py
index 43a29b78f5..5bf1997b4c 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/sqlite3/features.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/sqlite3/features.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.db import utils
 from django.db.backends.base.features import BaseDatabaseFeatures
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import cached_property
 
 from .base import Database
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
     @cached_property
     def can_share_in_memory_db(self):
         return (
-            six.PY3 and
             Database.__name__ == 'sqlite3.dbapi2' and
             Database.sqlite_version_info >= (3, 7, 13)
         )
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/questioner.py b/django/db/migrations/questioner.py
index d508ee9b78..17b9da8eaf 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/questioner.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/questioner.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import sys
 
 from django.apps import apps
 from django.db.models.fields import NOT_PROVIDED
-from django.utils import datetime_safe, six, timezone
+from django.utils import datetime_safe, timezone
 from django.utils.six.moves import input
 
 from .loader import MigrationLoader
@@ -125,13 +125,7 @@ class InteractiveMigrationQuestioner(MigrationQuestioner):
                 prompt = "[default: {}] >>> ".format(default)
             else:
                 prompt = ">>> "
-            if six.PY3:
-                # Six does not correctly abstract over the fact that
-                # py3 input returns a unicode string, while py2 raw_input
-                # returns a bytestring.
-                code = input(prompt)
-            else:
-                code = input(prompt).decode(sys.stdin.encoding)
+            code = input(prompt)
             if not code and default:
                 code = default
             if not code:
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/serializer.py b/django/db/migrations/serializer.py
index b273097da4..261fcabd73 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/serializer.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/serializer.py
@@ -53,11 +53,7 @@ class BaseSimpleSerializer(BaseSerializer):
 
 class ByteTypeSerializer(BaseSerializer):
     def serialize(self):
-        value_repr = repr(self.value)
-        if six.PY2:
-            # Prepend the `b` prefix since we're importing unicode_literals
-            value_repr = 'b' + value_repr
-        return value_repr, set()
+        return repr(self.value), set()
 
 
 class DatetimeSerializer(BaseSerializer):
@@ -276,11 +272,7 @@ class SettingsReferenceSerializer(BaseSerializer):
 
 class TextTypeSerializer(BaseSerializer):
     def serialize(self):
-        value_repr = repr(self.value)
-        if six.PY2:
-            # Strip the `u` prefix since we're importing unicode_literals
-            value_repr = value_repr[1:]
-        return value_repr, set()
+        return repr(self.value), set()
 
 
 class TimedeltaSerializer(BaseSerializer):
diff --git a/django/db/models/base.py b/django/db/models/base.py
index e18615d76d..38d0b96217 100644
--- a/django/db/models/base.py
+++ b/django/db/models/base.py
@@ -510,9 +510,7 @@ class Model(six.with_metaclass(ModelBase)):
         return force_str('<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, u))
 
     def __str__(self):
-        if six.PY2 and hasattr(self, '__unicode__'):
-            return force_text(self).encode('utf-8')
-        return str('%s object' % self.__class__.__name__)
+        return '%s object' % self.__class__.__name__
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, Model):
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/related.py b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
index aec362e84a..7f7a6d3ea8 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/related.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ class RelatedField(Field):
         return errors
 
     def _check_related_name_is_valid(self):
-        import re
         import keyword
         related_name = self.remote_field.related_name
         if related_name is None:
@@ -115,12 +114,8 @@ class RelatedField(Field):
         is_valid_id = True
         if keyword.iskeyword(related_name):
             is_valid_id = False
-        if six.PY3:
-            if not related_name.isidentifier():
-                is_valid_id = False
-        else:
-            if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*\Z', related_name):
-                is_valid_id = False
+        if not related_name.isidentifier():
+            is_valid_id = False
         if not (is_valid_id or related_name.endswith('+')):
             return [
                 checks.Error(
diff --git a/django/db/models/manager.py b/django/db/models/manager.py
index 5b498d631b..96c82e54eb 100644
--- a/django/db/models/manager.py
+++ b/django/db/models/manager.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from importlib import import_module
 
 from django.db import router
 from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class BaseManager(object):
@@ -86,9 +85,7 @@ class BaseManager(object):
             return manager_method
 
         new_methods = {}
-        # Refs http://bugs.python.org/issue1785.
-        predicate = inspect.isfunction if six.PY3 else inspect.ismethod
-        for name, method in inspect.getmembers(queryset_class, predicate=predicate):
+        for name, method in inspect.getmembers(queryset_class, predicate=inspect.isfunction):
             # Only copy missing methods.
             if hasattr(cls, name):
                 continue
diff --git a/django/db/utils.py b/django/db/utils.py
index 92354b7bad..4451f5a60e 100644
--- a/django/db/utils.py
+++ b/django/db/utils.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS = 'default'
 DJANGO_VERSION_PICKLE_KEY = '_django_version'
 
 
-class Error(Exception if six.PY3 else StandardError):  # NOQA: StandardError undefined on PY3
+class Error(Exception):
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py b/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py
index db2f6839f8..8cf1680b6e 100644
--- a/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py
+++ b/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py
@@ -2,15 +2,9 @@ import sys
 import threading
 import weakref
 
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.inspect import func_accepts_kwargs
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
-if six.PY2:
-    from .weakref_backports import WeakMethod
-else:
-    from weakref import WeakMethod
-
 
 def _make_id(target):
     if hasattr(target, '__func__'):
@@ -107,13 +101,10 @@ class Signal(object):
             receiver_object = receiver
             # Check for bound methods
             if hasattr(receiver, '__self__') and hasattr(receiver, '__func__'):
-                ref = WeakMethod
+                ref = weakref.WeakMethod
                 receiver_object = receiver.__self__
-            if six.PY3:
-                receiver = ref(receiver)
-                weakref.finalize(receiver_object, self._remove_receiver)
-            else:
-                receiver = ref(receiver, self._remove_receiver)
+            receiver = ref(receiver)
+            weakref.finalize(receiver_object, self._remove_receiver)
 
         with self.lock:
             self._clear_dead_receivers()
diff --git a/django/dispatch/weakref_backports.py b/django/dispatch/weakref_backports.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 736f7e1ab8..0000000000
--- a/django/dispatch/weakref_backports.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-"""
-weakref_backports is a partial backport of the weakref module for python
-versions below 3.4.
-
-Copyright (C) 2013 Python Software Foundation, see LICENSE.python for details.
-
-The following changes were made to the original sources during backporting:
-
- * Added `self` to `super` calls.
- * Removed `from None` when raising exceptions.
-
-"""
-from weakref import ref
-
-
-class WeakMethod(ref):
-    """
-    A custom `weakref.ref` subclass which simulates a weak reference to
-    a bound method, working around the lifetime problem of bound methods.
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = "_func_ref", "_meth_type", "_alive", "__weakref__"
-
-    def __new__(cls, meth, callback=None):
-        try:
-            obj = meth.__self__
-            func = meth.__func__
-        except AttributeError:
-            raise TypeError("argument should be a bound method, not {}"
-                            .format(type(meth)))
-        def _cb(arg):
-            # The self-weakref trick is needed to avoid creating a reference
-            # cycle.
-            self = self_wr()
-            if self._alive:
-                self._alive = False
-                if callback is not None:
-                    callback(self)
-        self = ref.__new__(cls, obj, _cb)
-        self._func_ref = ref(func, _cb)
-        self._meth_type = type(meth)
-        self._alive = True
-        self_wr = ref(self)
-        return self
-
-    def __call__(self):
-        obj = super(WeakMethod, self).__call__()
-        func = self._func_ref()
-        if obj is None or func is None:
-            return None
-        return self._meth_type(func, obj)
-
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, WeakMethod):
-            if not self._alive or not other._alive:
-                return self is other
-            return ref.__eq__(self, other) and self._func_ref == other._func_ref
-        return False
-
-    def __ne__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, WeakMethod):
-            if not self._alive or not other._alive:
-                return self is not other
-            return ref.__ne__(self, other) or self._func_ref != other._func_ref
-        return True
-
-    __hash__ = ref.__hash__
diff --git a/django/http/cookie.py b/django/http/cookie.py
index 49048787eb..7251d04c40 100644
--- a/django/http/cookie.py
+++ b/django/http/cookie.py
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 
-from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.six.moves import http_cookies
 
-# http://bugs.python.org/issue2193 is fixed in Python 3.3+.
-_cookie_allows_colon_in_names = six.PY3
-
 # Cookie pickling bug is fixed in Python 2.7.9 and Python 3.4.3+
 # http://bugs.python.org/issue22775
 cookie_pickles_properly = (
@@ -14,7 +9,7 @@ cookie_pickles_properly = (
     sys.version_info >= (3, 4, 3)
 )
 
-if _cookie_allows_colon_in_names and cookie_pickles_properly:
+if cookie_pickles_properly:
     SimpleCookie = http_cookies.SimpleCookie
 else:
     Morsel = http_cookies.Morsel
@@ -30,37 +25,12 @@ else:
                 else:
                     super(SimpleCookie, self).__setitem__(key, value)
 
-        if not _cookie_allows_colon_in_names:
-            def load(self, rawdata):
-                self.bad_cookies = set()
-                if isinstance(rawdata, six.text_type):
-                    rawdata = force_str(rawdata)
-                super(SimpleCookie, self).load(rawdata)
-                for key in self.bad_cookies:
-                    del self[key]
-
-            # override private __set() method:
-            # (needed for using our Morsel, and for laxness with CookieError
-            def _BaseCookie__set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
-                key = force_str(key)
-                try:
-                    M = self.get(key, Morsel())
-                    M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
-                    dict.__setitem__(self, key, M)
-                except http_cookies.CookieError:
-                    if not hasattr(self, 'bad_cookies'):
-                        self.bad_cookies = set()
-                    self.bad_cookies.add(key)
-                    dict.__setitem__(self, key, http_cookies.Morsel())
-
 
 def parse_cookie(cookie):
     """
     Return a dictionary parsed from a `Cookie:` header string.
     """
     cookiedict = {}
-    if six.PY2:
-        cookie = force_str(cookie)
     for chunk in cookie.split(str(';')):
         if str('=') in chunk:
             key, val = chunk.split(str('='), 1)
diff --git a/django/http/multipartparser.py b/django/http/multipartparser.py
index ecfbdf7252..812e83eff0 100644
--- a/django/http/multipartparser.py
+++ b/django/http/multipartparser.py
@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@ RAW = "raw"
 FILE = "file"
 FIELD = "field"
 
-_BASE64_DECODE_ERROR = TypeError if six.PY2 else binascii.Error
-
 
 class MultiPartParser(object):
     """
@@ -190,7 +188,7 @@ class MultiPartParser(object):
                         num_bytes_read += len(raw_data)
                         try:
                             data = base64.b64decode(raw_data)
-                        except _BASE64_DECODE_ERROR:
+                        except binascii.Error:
                             data = raw_data
                     else:
                         data = field_stream.read(size=read_size)
@@ -684,10 +682,7 @@ def parse_header(line):
             value = p[i + 1:].strip()
             if has_encoding:
                 encoding, lang, value = value.split(b"'")
-                if six.PY3:
-                    value = unquote(value.decode(), encoding=encoding.decode())
-                else:
-                    value = unquote(value).decode(encoding)
+                value = unquote(value.decode(), encoding=encoding.decode())
             if len(value) >= 2 and value[:1] == value[-1:] == b'"':
                 value = value[1:-1]
                 value = value.replace(b'\\\\', b'\\').replace(b'\\"', b'"')
diff --git a/django/http/request.py b/django/http/request.py
index 559081b50c..b4053142ac 100644
--- a/django/http/request.py
+++ b/django/http/request.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParser, MultiPartParserError
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.datastructures import ImmutableList, MultiValueDict
 from django.utils.encoding import (
-    escape_uri_path, force_bytes, force_str, force_text, iri_to_uri,
+    escape_uri_path, force_bytes, force_str, iri_to_uri,
 )
 from django.utils.http import is_same_domain, limited_parse_qsl
 from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import (
@@ -381,24 +381,15 @@ class QueryDict(MultiValueDict):
             'fields_limit': settings.DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS,
             'encoding': encoding,
         }
-        if six.PY3:
-            if isinstance(query_string, bytes):
-                # query_string normally contains URL-encoded data, a subset of ASCII.
-                try:
-                    query_string = query_string.decode(encoding)
-                except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                    # ... but some user agents are misbehaving :-(
-                    query_string = query_string.decode('iso-8859-1')
-            for key, value in limited_parse_qsl(query_string, **parse_qsl_kwargs):
-                self.appendlist(key, value)
-        else:
-            for key, value in limited_parse_qsl(query_string, **parse_qsl_kwargs):
-                try:
-                    value = value.decode(encoding)
-                except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                    value = value.decode('iso-8859-1')
-                self.appendlist(force_text(key, encoding, errors='replace'),
-                                value)
+        if isinstance(query_string, bytes):
+            # query_string normally contains URL-encoded data, a subset of ASCII.
+            try:
+                query_string = query_string.decode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                # ... but some user agents are misbehaving :-(
+                query_string = query_string.decode('iso-8859-1')
+        for key, value in limited_parse_qsl(query_string, **parse_qsl_kwargs):
+            self.appendlist(key, value)
         self._mutable = mutable
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/django/http/response.py b/django/http/response.py
index 597d688602..e4cce4fdbe 100644
--- a/django/http/response.py
+++ b/django/http/response.py
@@ -100,10 +100,7 @@ class HttpResponseBase(six.Iterator):
         ]
         return b'\r\n'.join(headers)
 
-    if six.PY3:
-        __bytes__ = serialize_headers
-    else:
-        __str__ = serialize_headers
+    __bytes__ = serialize_headers
 
     @property
     def _content_type_for_repr(self):
@@ -122,20 +119,12 @@ class HttpResponseBase(six.Iterator):
                 isinstance(value, six.text_type) and ('\n' in value or '\r' in value)):
             raise BadHeaderError("Header values can't contain newlines (got %r)" % value)
         try:
-            if six.PY3:
-                if isinstance(value, str):
-                    # Ensure string is valid in given charset
-                    value.encode(charset)
-                else:
-                    # Convert bytestring using given charset
-                    value = value.decode(charset)
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                # Ensure string is valid in given charset
+                value.encode(charset)
             else:
-                if isinstance(value, str):
-                    # Ensure string is valid in given charset
-                    value.decode(charset)
-                else:
-                    # Convert unicode string to given charset
-                    value = value.encode(charset)
+                # Convert bytestring using given charset
+                value = value.decode(charset)
         except UnicodeError as e:
             if mime_encode:
                 # Wrapping in str() is a workaround for #12422 under Python 2.
@@ -311,10 +300,7 @@ class HttpResponse(HttpResponseBase):
         """Full HTTP message, including headers, as a bytestring."""
         return self.serialize_headers() + b'\r\n\r\n' + self.content
 
-    if six.PY3:
-        __bytes__ = serialize
-    else:
-        __str__ = serialize
+    __bytes__ = serialize
 
     @property
     def content(self):
diff --git a/django/test/client.py b/django/test/client.py
index 7365b1d2aa..8134c17253 100644
--- a/django/test/client.py
+++ b/django/test/client.py
@@ -322,10 +322,10 @@ class RequestFactory(object):
         if parsed[3]:
             path += str(";") + force_str(parsed[3])
         path = uri_to_iri(path).encode(UTF_8)
-        # Under Python 3, non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are arbitrarily
-        # decoded with ISO-8859-1. We replicate this behavior here.
+        # Replace the behavior where non-ASCII values in the WSGI environ are
+        # arbitrarily decoded with ISO-8859-1.
         # Refs comment in `get_bytes_from_wsgi()`.
-        return path.decode(ISO_8859_1) if six.PY3 else path
+        return path.decode(ISO_8859_1)
 
     def get(self, path, data=None, secure=False, **extra):
         "Construct a GET request."
@@ -406,10 +406,8 @@ class RequestFactory(object):
         r.update(extra)
         # If QUERY_STRING is absent or empty, we want to extract it from the URL.
         if not r.get('QUERY_STRING'):
-            query_string = force_bytes(parsed[4])
             # WSGI requires latin-1 encoded strings. See get_path_info().
-            if six.PY3:
-                query_string = query_string.decode('iso-8859-1')
+            query_string = force_bytes(parsed[4]).decode('iso-8859-1')
             r['QUERY_STRING'] = query_string
         return self.request(**r)
 
diff --git a/django/test/signals.py b/django/test/signals.py
index 7b105eda35..a623e756ce 100644
--- a/django/test/signals.py
+++ b/django/test/signals.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from django.core.signals import setting_changed
 from django.db import connections, router
 from django.db.utils import ConnectionRouter
 from django.dispatch import Signal, receiver
-from django.utils import six, timezone
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.formats import FORMAT_SETTINGS, reset_format_cache
 from django.utils.functional import empty
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def complex_setting_changed(**kwargs):
         # Considering the current implementation of the signals framework,
         # this stacklevel shows the line containing the override_settings call.
         warnings.warn("Overriding setting %s can lead to unexpected behavior."
-                      % kwargs['setting'], stacklevel=5 if six.PY2 else 6)
+                      % kwargs['setting'], stacklevel=6)
 
 
 @receiver(setting_changed)
diff --git a/django/test/testcases.py b/django/test/testcases.py
index 88d355311d..7e8cee5c0d 100644
--- a/django/test/testcases.py
+++ b/django/test/testcases.py
@@ -775,12 +775,6 @@ class SimpleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 standardMsg = '%s == %s' % (safe_repr(xml1, True), safe_repr(xml2, True))
                 self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        assertCountEqual = unittest.TestCase.assertItemsEqual
-        assertNotRegex = unittest.TestCase.assertNotRegexpMatches
-        assertRaisesRegex = unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp
-        assertRegex = unittest.TestCase.assertRegexpMatches
-
 
 class TransactionTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
 
diff --git a/django/test/utils.py b/django/test/utils.py
index b24f2e8c80..5ed32dbab5 100644
--- a/django/test/utils.py
+++ b/django/test/utils.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import time
 import warnings
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import wraps
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest import TestCase, skipIf, skipUnless
 from xml.dom.minidom import Node, parseString
 
@@ -25,12 +26,6 @@ from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.translation import deactivate
 
-if six.PY3:
-    from types import SimpleNamespace
-else:
-    class SimpleNamespace(object):
-        pass
-
 try:
     import jinja2
 except ImportError:
@@ -615,7 +610,7 @@ def strip_quotes(want, got):
 
 
 def str_prefix(s):
-    return s % {'_': '' if six.PY3 else 'u'}
+    return s % {'_': ''}
 
 
 class CaptureQueriesContext(object):
diff --git a/django/urls/resolvers.py b/django/urls/resolvers.py
index 4a66895de5..4e8bded3db 100644
--- a/django/urls/resolvers.py
+++ b/django/urls/resolvers.py
@@ -209,11 +209,7 @@ class RegexURLPattern(LocaleRegexProvider):
             callback = callback.func
         if not hasattr(callback, '__name__'):
             return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__class__.__name__
-        elif six.PY3:
-            return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__qualname__
-        else:
-            # PY2 does not support __qualname__
-            return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__name__
+        return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__qualname__
 
 
 class RegexURLResolver(LocaleRegexProvider):
diff --git a/django/utils/_os.py b/django/utils/_os.py
index 994f766d49..ddf2132f5f 100644
--- a/django/utils/_os.py
+++ b/django/utils/_os.py
@@ -1,41 +1,18 @@
 import os
-import sys
 import tempfile
-from os.path import abspath, dirname, isabs, join, normcase, normpath, sep
+from os.path import abspath, dirname, join, normcase, sep
 
 from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousFileOperation
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
-if six.PY2:
-    fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()
 
-
-# Under Python 2, define our own abspath function that can handle joining
-# unicode paths to a current working directory that has non-ASCII characters
-# in it.  This isn't necessary on Windows since the Windows version of abspath
-# handles this correctly. It also handles drive letters differently than the
-# pure Python implementation, so it's best not to replace it.
-if six.PY3 or os.name == 'nt':
-    abspathu = abspath
-else:
-    def abspathu(path):
-        """
-        Version of os.path.abspath that uses the unicode representation
-        of the current working directory, thus avoiding a UnicodeDecodeError
-        in join when the cwd has non-ASCII characters.
-        """
-        if not isabs(path):
-            path = join(os.getcwdu(), path)
-        return normpath(path)
+abspathu = abspath
 
 
 def upath(path):
     """
     Always return a unicode path.
     """
-    if six.PY2 and not isinstance(path, six.text_type):
-        return path.decode(fs_encoding)
     return path
 
 
@@ -44,8 +21,6 @@ def npath(path):
     Always return a native path, that is unicode on Python 3 and bytestring on
     Python 2.
     """
-    if six.PY2 and not isinstance(path, bytes):
-        return path.encode(fs_encoding)
     return path
 
 
diff --git a/django/utils/crypto.py b/django/utils/crypto.py
index a7257a1b3a..554958b6ee 100644
--- a/django/utils/crypto.py
+++ b/django/utils/crypto.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import struct
 import time
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ else:
         if len(val1) != len(val2):
             return False
         result = 0
-        if six.PY3 and isinstance(val1, bytes) and isinstance(val2, bytes):
+        if isinstance(val1, bytes) and isinstance(val2, bytes):
             for x, y in zip(val1, val2):
                 result |= x ^ y
         else:
diff --git a/django/utils/datastructures.py b/django/utils/datastructures.py
index a95f8c351a..7367924600 100644
--- a/django/utils/datastructures.py
+++ b/django/utils/datastructures.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class MultiValueDict(dict):
         """Appends an item to the internal list associated with key."""
         self.setlistdefault(key).append(value)
 
-    def _iteritems(self):
+    def items(self):
         """
         Yields (key, value) pairs, where value is the last item in the list
         associated with the key.
@@ -187,33 +187,15 @@ class MultiValueDict(dict):
         for key in self:
             yield key, self[key]
 
-    def _iterlists(self):
+    def lists(self):
         """Yields (key, list) pairs."""
         return six.iteritems(super(MultiValueDict, self))
 
-    def _itervalues(self):
+    def values(self):
         """Yield the last value on every key list."""
         for key in self:
             yield self[key]
 
-    if six.PY3:
-        items = _iteritems
-        lists = _iterlists
-        values = _itervalues
-    else:
-        iteritems = _iteritems
-        iterlists = _iterlists
-        itervalues = _itervalues
-
-        def items(self):
-            return list(self.iteritems())
-
-        def lists(self):
-            return list(self.iterlists())
-
-        def values(self):
-            return list(self.itervalues())
-
     def copy(self):
         """Returns a shallow copy of this object."""
         return copy.copy(self)
diff --git a/django/utils/decorators.py b/django/utils/decorators.py
index 7ba31a32e3..071028930f 100644
--- a/django/utils/decorators.py
+++ b/django/utils/decorators.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from functools import WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS, update_wrapper, wraps
 
-from django.utils import six
-
 
 class classonlymethod(classmethod):
     def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
@@ -121,13 +119,10 @@ def decorator_from_middleware(middleware_class):
 def available_attrs(fn):
     """
     Return the list of functools-wrappable attributes on a callable.
-    This is required as a workaround for http://bugs.python.org/issue3445
+    This was required as a workaround for http://bugs.python.org/issue3445
     under Python 2.
     """
-    if six.PY3:
-        return WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS
-    else:
-        return tuple(a for a in WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS if hasattr(fn, a))
+    return WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS
 
 
 def make_middleware_decorator(middleware_class):
diff --git a/django/utils/encoding.py b/django/utils/encoding.py
index a3b07dcec6..f0627f5d39 100644
--- a/django/utils/encoding.py
+++ b/django/utils/encoding.py
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ import codecs
 import datetime
 import locale
 from decimal import Decimal
+from urllib.parse import unquote_to_bytes
 
 from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
-from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import quote, unquote
-
-if six.PY3:
-    from urllib.parse import unquote_to_bytes
+from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import quote
 
 
 class DjangoUnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeDecodeError):
@@ -66,15 +64,10 @@ def force_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
         return s
     try:
         if not issubclass(type(s), six.string_types):
-            if six.PY3:
-                if isinstance(s, bytes):
-                    s = six.text_type(s, encoding, errors)
-                else:
-                    s = six.text_type(s)
-            elif hasattr(s, '__unicode__'):
-                s = six.text_type(s)
+            if isinstance(s, bytes):
+                s = six.text_type(s, encoding, errors)
             else:
-                s = six.text_type(bytes(s), encoding, errors)
+                s = six.text_type(s)
         else:
             # Note: We use .decode() here, instead of six.text_type(s, encoding,
             # errors), so that if s is a SafeBytes, it ends up being a
@@ -127,10 +120,7 @@ def force_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
         return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding, errors)
     if not isinstance(s, six.string_types):
         try:
-            if six.PY3:
-                return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding)
-            else:
-                return bytes(s)
+            return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding)
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             if isinstance(s, Exception):
                 # An Exception subclass containing non-ASCII data that doesn't
@@ -143,15 +133,8 @@ def force_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
         return s.encode(encoding, errors)
 
 
-if six.PY3:
-    smart_str = smart_text
-    force_str = force_text
-else:
-    smart_str = smart_bytes
-    force_str = force_bytes
-    # backwards compatibility for Python 2
-    smart_unicode = smart_text
-    force_unicode = force_text
+smart_str = smart_text
+force_str = force_text
 
 smart_str.__doc__ = """
 Apply smart_text in Python 3 and smart_bytes in Python 2.
@@ -207,7 +190,7 @@ def uri_to_iri(uri):
     if uri is None:
         return uri
     uri = force_bytes(uri)
-    iri = unquote_to_bytes(uri) if six.PY3 else unquote(uri)
+    iri = unquote_to_bytes(uri)
     return repercent_broken_unicode(iri).decode('utf-8')
 
 
diff --git a/django/utils/feedgenerator.py b/django/utils/feedgenerator.py
index 64aa970e93..fbab58b905 100644
--- a/django/utils/feedgenerator.py
+++ b/django/utils/feedgenerator.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ http://web.archive.org/web/20110718035220/http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/
 """
 import datetime
 
-from django.utils import datetime_safe, six
+from django.utils import datetime_safe
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text, iri_to_uri
 from django.utils.six import StringIO
 from django.utils.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ def rfc2822_date(date):
     dow = days[date.weekday()]
     month = months[date.month - 1]
     time_str = date.strftime('%s, %%d %s %%Y %%H:%%M:%%S ' % (dow, month))
-    if six.PY2:             # strftime returns a byte string in Python 2
-        time_str = time_str.decode('utf-8')
     offset = date.utcoffset()
     # Historically, this function assumes that naive datetimes are in UTC.
     if offset is None:
@@ -58,8 +56,6 @@ def rfc3339_date(date):
     # Support datetime objects older than 1900
     date = datetime_safe.new_datetime(date)
     time_str = date.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
-    if six.PY2:             # strftime returns a byte string in Python 2
-        time_str = time_str.decode('utf-8')
     offset = date.utcoffset()
     # Historically, this function assumes that naive datetimes are in UTC.
     if offset is None:
diff --git a/django/utils/functional.py b/django/utils/functional.py
index 794f31047c..933085391d 100644
--- a/django/utils/functional.py
+++ b/django/utils/functional.py
@@ -92,16 +92,9 @@ def lazy(func, *resultclasses):
             assert not (cls._delegate_bytes and cls._delegate_text), (
                 "Cannot call lazy() with both bytes and text return types.")
             if cls._delegate_text:
-                if six.PY3:
-                    cls.__str__ = cls.__text_cast
-                else:
-                    cls.__unicode__ = cls.__text_cast
-                    cls.__str__ = cls.__bytes_cast_encoded
+                cls.__str__ = cls.__text_cast
             elif cls._delegate_bytes:
-                if six.PY3:
-                    cls.__bytes__ = cls.__bytes_cast
-                else:
-                    cls.__str__ = cls.__bytes_cast
+                cls.__bytes__ = cls.__bytes_cast
 
         @classmethod
         def __promise__(cls, method_name):
@@ -154,9 +147,7 @@ def lazy(func, *resultclasses):
             return hash(self.__cast())
 
         def __mod__(self, rhs):
-            if self._delegate_bytes and six.PY2:
-                return bytes(self) % rhs
-            elif self._delegate_text:
+            if self._delegate_text:
                 return six.text_type(self) % rhs
             return self.__cast() % rhs
 
@@ -316,14 +307,9 @@ class LazyObject(object):
             return result
         return copy.deepcopy(self._wrapped, memo)
 
-    if six.PY3:
-        __bytes__ = new_method_proxy(bytes)
-        __str__ = new_method_proxy(str)
-        __bool__ = new_method_proxy(bool)
-    else:
-        __str__ = new_method_proxy(str)
-        __unicode__ = new_method_proxy(unicode)  # NOQA: unicode undefined on PY3
-        __nonzero__ = new_method_proxy(bool)
+    __bytes__ = new_method_proxy(bytes)
+    __str__ = new_method_proxy(str)
+    __bool__ = new_method_proxy(bool)
 
     # Introspection support
     __dir__ = new_method_proxy(dir)
diff --git a/django/utils/glob.py b/django/utils/glob.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 92194d21eb..0000000000
--- a/django/utils/glob.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import os.path
-import re
-
-from django.utils import six
-
-# backport of Python 3.4's glob.escape
-
-if six.PY3:
-    from glob import escape as glob_escape
-else:
-    _magic_check = re.compile('([*?[])')
-
-    def glob_escape(pathname):
-        """
-        Escape all special characters.
-        """
-        drive, pathname = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
-        pathname = _magic_check.sub(r'[\1]', pathname)
-        return drive + pathname
diff --git a/django/utils/html.py b/django/utils/html.py
index 384093a02f..36b5d53283 100644
--- a/django/utils/html.py
+++ b/django/utils/html.py
@@ -363,22 +363,12 @@ def html_safe(klass):
             "can't apply @html_safe to %s because it defines "
             "__html__()." % klass.__name__
         )
-    if six.PY2:
-        if '__unicode__' not in klass.__dict__:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "can't apply @html_safe to %s because it doesn't "
-                "define __unicode__()." % klass.__name__
-            )
-        klass_unicode = klass.__unicode__
-        klass.__unicode__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_unicode(self))
-        klass.__html__ = lambda self: unicode(self)  # NOQA: unicode undefined on PY3
-    else:
-        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "can't apply @html_safe to %s because it doesn't "
-                "define __str__()." % klass.__name__
-            )
-        klass_str = klass.__str__
-        klass.__str__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_str(self))
-        klass.__html__ = lambda self: str(self)
+    if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "can't apply @html_safe to %s because it doesn't "
+            "define __str__()." % klass.__name__
+        )
+    klass_str = klass.__str__
+    klass.__str__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_str(self))
+    klass.__html__ = lambda self: str(self)
     return klass
diff --git a/django/utils/html_parser.py b/django/utils/html_parser.py
index 89646079db..d272004f77 100644
--- a/django/utils/html_parser.py
+++ b/django/utils/html_parser.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import html_parser as _html_parser
 
 try:
@@ -8,15 +7,13 @@ except AttributeError:
     class HTMLParseError(Exception):
         pass
 
-if six.PY3:
-    class HTMLParser(_html_parser.HTMLParser):
-        """Explicitly set convert_charrefs to be False.
 
-        This silences a deprecation warning on Python 3.4, but we can't do
-        it at call time because Python 2.7 does not have the keyword
-        argument.
-        """
-        def __init__(self, convert_charrefs=False, **kwargs):
-            _html_parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self, convert_charrefs=convert_charrefs, **kwargs)
-else:
-    HTMLParser = _html_parser.HTMLParser
+class HTMLParser(_html_parser.HTMLParser):
+    """Explicitly set convert_charrefs to be False.
+
+    This silences a deprecation warning on Python 3.4, but we can't do
+    it at call time because Python 2.7 does not have the keyword
+    argument.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, convert_charrefs=False, **kwargs):
+        _html_parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self, convert_charrefs=convert_charrefs, **kwargs)
diff --git a/django/utils/http.py b/django/utils/http.py
index f4e77b86f9..0308e14676 100644
--- a/django/utils/http.py
+++ b/django/utils/http.py
@@ -189,12 +189,7 @@ def base36_to_int(s):
     # is sufficient to base36-encode any 64-bit integer)
     if len(s) > 13:
         raise ValueError("Base36 input too large")
-    value = int(s, 36)
-    # ... then do a final check that the value will fit into an int to avoid
-    # returning a long (#15067). The long type was removed in Python 3.
-    if six.PY2 and value > sys.maxint:
-        raise ValueError("Base36 input too large")
-    return value
+    return int(s, 36)
 
 
 def int_to_base36(i):
@@ -204,11 +199,6 @@ def int_to_base36(i):
     char_set = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
     if i < 0:
         raise ValueError("Negative base36 conversion input.")
-    if six.PY2:
-        if not isinstance(i, six.integer_types):
-            raise TypeError("Non-integer base36 conversion input.")
-        if i > sys.maxint:
-            raise ValueError("Base36 conversion input too large.")
     if i < 36:
         return char_set[i]
     b36 = ''
@@ -296,11 +286,6 @@ def is_safe_url(url, host=None, allowed_hosts=None, require_https=False):
         url = url.strip()
     if not url:
         return False
-    if six.PY2:
-        try:
-            url = force_text(url)
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            return False
     if allowed_hosts is None:
         allowed_hosts = set()
     if host:
@@ -388,13 +373,9 @@ def limited_parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values=False, encoding='utf-8',
             else:
                 continue
         if len(nv[1]) or keep_blank_values:
-            if six.PY3:
-                name = nv[0].replace('+', ' ')
-                name = unquote(name, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
-                value = nv[1].replace('+', ' ')
-                value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
-            else:
-                name = unquote(nv[0].replace(b'+', b' '))
-                value = unquote(nv[1].replace(b'+', b' '))
+            name = nv[0].replace('+', ' ')
+            name = unquote(name, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+            value = nv[1].replace('+', ' ')
+            value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
             r.append((name, value))
     return r
diff --git a/django/utils/inspect.py b/django/utils/inspect.py
index ffcbf30407..9ef28bbf00 100644
--- a/django/utils/inspect.py
+++ b/django/utils/inspect.py
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 import inspect
 
-from django.utils import six
-
 
 def getargspec(func):
-    if six.PY2:
-        return inspect.getargspec(func)
-
     sig = inspect.signature(func)
     args = [
         p.name for p in sig.parameters.values()
@@ -30,10 +25,6 @@ def getargspec(func):
 
 
 def get_func_args(func):
-    if six.PY2:
-        argspec = inspect.getargspec(func)
-        return argspec.args[1:]  # ignore 'self'
-
     sig = inspect.signature(func)
     return [
         arg_name for arg_name, param in sig.parameters.items()
@@ -47,20 +38,6 @@ def get_func_full_args(func):
     does not have a default value, omit it in the tuple. Arguments such as
     *args and **kwargs are also included.
     """
-    if six.PY2:
-        argspec = inspect.getargspec(func)
-        args = argspec.args[1:]  # ignore 'self'
-        defaults = argspec.defaults or []
-        # Split args into two lists depending on whether they have default value
-        no_default = args[:len(args) - len(defaults)]
-        with_default = args[len(args) - len(defaults):]
-        # Join the two lists and combine it with default values
-        args = [(arg,) for arg in no_default] + zip(with_default, defaults)
-        # Add possible *args and **kwargs and prepend them with '*' or '**'
-        varargs = [('*' + argspec.varargs,)] if argspec.varargs else []
-        kwargs = [('**' + argspec.keywords,)] if argspec.keywords else []
-        return args + varargs + kwargs
-
     sig = inspect.signature(func)
     args = []
     for arg_name, param in sig.parameters.items():
@@ -80,20 +57,6 @@ def get_func_full_args(func):
 
 
 def func_accepts_kwargs(func):
-    if six.PY2:
-        # Not all callables are inspectable with getargspec, so we'll
-        # try a couple different ways but in the end fall back on assuming
-        # it is -- we don't want to prevent registration of valid but weird
-        # callables.
-        try:
-            argspec = inspect.getargspec(func)
-        except TypeError:
-            try:
-                argspec = inspect.getargspec(func.__call__)
-            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
-                argspec = None
-        return not argspec or argspec[2] is not None
-
     return any(
         p for p in inspect.signature(func).parameters.values()
         if p.kind == p.VAR_KEYWORD
@@ -104,9 +67,6 @@ def func_accepts_var_args(func):
     """
     Return True if function 'func' accepts positional arguments *args.
     """
-    if six.PY2:
-        return inspect.getargspec(func)[1] is not None
-
     return any(
         p for p in inspect.signature(func).parameters.values()
         if p.kind == p.VAR_POSITIONAL
@@ -114,7 +74,7 @@ def func_accepts_var_args(func):
 
 
 def func_has_no_args(func):
-    args = inspect.getargspec(func)[0] if six.PY2 else [
+    args = [
         p for p in inspect.signature(func).parameters.values()
         if p.kind == p.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
     ]
@@ -122,8 +82,4 @@ def func_has_no_args(func):
 
 
 def func_supports_parameter(func, parameter):
-    if six.PY3:
-        return parameter in inspect.signature(func).parameters
-    else:
-        args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)
-        return parameter in args
+    return parameter in inspect.signature(func).parameters
diff --git a/django/utils/module_loading.py b/django/utils/module_loading.py
index 9dcbc926b9..ed2b8da635 100644
--- a/django/utils/module_loading.py
+++ b/django/utils/module_loading.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import copy
 import os
 import sys
 from importlib import import_module
+from importlib.util import find_spec as importlib_find
 
 from django.utils import six
 
@@ -63,88 +64,17 @@ def autodiscover_modules(*args, **kwargs):
                     raise
 
 
-if six.PY3:
-    from importlib.util import find_spec as importlib_find
-
-    def module_has_submodule(package, module_name):
-        """See if 'module' is in 'package'."""
-        try:
-            package_name = package.__name__
-            package_path = package.__path__
-        except AttributeError:
-            # package isn't a package.
-            return False
-
-        full_module_name = package_name + '.' + module_name
-        return importlib_find(full_module_name, package_path) is not None
-
-else:
-    import imp
-
-    def module_has_submodule(package, module_name):
-        """See if 'module' is in 'package'."""
-        name = ".".join([package.__name__, module_name])
-        try:
-            # None indicates a cached miss; see mark_miss() in Python/import.c.
-            return sys.modules[name] is not None
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        try:
-            package_path = package.__path__   # No __path__, then not a package.
-        except AttributeError:
-            # Since the remainder of this function assumes that we're dealing with
-            # a package (module with a __path__), so if it's not, then bail here.
-            return False
-        for finder in sys.meta_path:
-            if finder.find_module(name, package_path):
-                return True
-        for entry in package_path:
-            try:
-                # Try the cached finder.
-                finder = sys.path_importer_cache[entry]
-                if finder is None:
-                    # Implicit import machinery should be used.
-                    try:
-                        file_, _, _ = imp.find_module(module_name, [entry])
-                        if file_:
-                            file_.close()
-                        return True
-                    except ImportError:
-                        continue
-                # Else see if the finder knows of a loader.
-                elif finder.find_module(name):
-                    return True
-                else:
-                    continue
-            except KeyError:
-                # No cached finder, so try and make one.
-                for hook in sys.path_hooks:
-                    try:
-                        finder = hook(entry)
-                        # XXX Could cache in sys.path_importer_cache
-                        if finder.find_module(name):
-                            return True
-                        else:
-                            # Once a finder is found, stop the search.
-                            break
-                    except ImportError:
-                        # Continue the search for a finder.
-                        continue
-                else:
-                    # No finder found.
-                    # Try the implicit import machinery if searching a directory.
-                    if os.path.isdir(entry):
-                        try:
-                            file_, _, _ = imp.find_module(module_name, [entry])
-                            if file_:
-                                file_.close()
-                            return True
-                        except ImportError:
-                            pass
-                    # XXX Could insert None or NullImporter
-        else:
-            # Exhausted the search, so the module cannot be found.
-            return False
+def module_has_submodule(package, module_name):
+    """See if 'module' is in 'package'."""
+    try:
+        package_name = package.__name__
+        package_path = package.__path__
+    except AttributeError:
+        # package isn't a package.
+        return False
+
+    full_module_name = package_name + '.' + module_name
+    return importlib_find(full_module_name, package_path) is not None
 
 
 def module_dir(module):
diff --git a/django/utils/safestring.py b/django/utils/safestring.py
index 4355a050a0..3f4b3d48fd 100644
--- a/django/utils/safestring.py
+++ b/django/utils/safestring.py
@@ -83,12 +83,7 @@ class SafeText(six.text_type, SafeData):
     encode = curry(_proxy_method, method=six.text_type.encode)
 
 
-if six.PY3:
-    SafeString = SafeText
-else:
-    SafeString = SafeBytes
-    # backwards compatibility for Python 2
-    SafeUnicode = SafeText
+SafeString = SafeText
 
 
 def _safety_decorator(safety_marker, func):
diff --git a/django/utils/text.py b/django/utils/text.py
index dcedc524b0..fc8677cf4e 100644
--- a/django/utils/text.py
+++ b/django/utils/text.py
@@ -12,11 +12,6 @@ from django.utils.safestring import SafeText, mark_safe
 from django.utils.six.moves import html_entities
 from django.utils.translation import pgettext, ugettext as _, ugettext_lazy
 
-if six.PY2:
-    # Import force_unicode even though this module doesn't use it, because some
-    # people rely on it being here.
-    from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode  # NOQA
-
 
 @keep_lazy_text
 def capfirst(x):
diff --git a/django/utils/translation/template.py b/django/utils/translation/template.py
index 04dac65e90..b6d8832f9c 100644
--- a/django/utils/translation/template.py
+++ b/django/utils/translation/template.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.template.base import (
     TOKEN_BLOCK, TOKEN_COMMENT, TOKEN_TEXT, TOKEN_VAR, TRANSLATOR_COMMENT_MARK,
     Lexer,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ def templatize(src, origin=None, charset='utf-8'):
     comment_lineno_cache = None
     # Adding the u prefix allows gettext to recognize the Unicode string
     # (#26093).
-    raw_prefix = 'u' if six.PY3 else ''
+    raw_prefix = 'u'
 
     def join_tokens(tokens, trim=False):
         message = ''.join(tokens)
diff --git a/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py b/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
index 9f016e8524..aca57ded0e 100644
--- a/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
+++ b/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from django.conf.locale import LANG_INFO
 from django.core.exceptions import AppRegistryNotReady
 from django.core.signals import setting_changed
 from django.dispatch import receiver
-from django.utils import lru_cache, six
+from django.utils import lru_cache
 from django.utils._os import upath
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeData, mark_safe
@@ -336,11 +336,7 @@ def gettext(message):
     return do_translate(message, 'gettext')
 
 
-if six.PY3:
-    ugettext = gettext
-else:
-    def ugettext(message):
-        return do_translate(message, 'ugettext')
+ugettext = gettext
 
 
 def pgettext(context, message):
@@ -384,15 +380,7 @@ def ngettext(singular, plural, number):
     return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ngettext')
 
 
-if six.PY3:
-    ungettext = ngettext
-else:
-    def ungettext(singular, plural, number):
-        """
-        Returns a unicode strings of the translation of either the singular or
-        plural, based on the number.
-        """
-        return do_ntranslate(singular, plural, number, 'ungettext')
+ungettext = ngettext
 
 
 def npgettext(context, singular, plural, number):
diff --git a/django/views/debug.py b/django/views/debug.py
index 7c33aa8eca..2390995b56 100644
--- a/django/views/debug.py
+++ b/django/views/debug.py
@@ -399,11 +399,9 @@ class ExceptionReporter(object):
         if not exceptions:
             return frames
 
-        # In case there's just one exception (always in Python 2,
-        # sometimes in Python 3), take the traceback from self.tb (Python 2
-        # doesn't have a __traceback__ attribute on Exception)
+        # In case there's just one exception, take the traceback from self.tb
         exc_value = exceptions.pop()
-        tb = self.tb if six.PY2 or not exceptions else exc_value.__traceback__
+        tb = self.tb if not exceptions else exc_value.__traceback__
 
         while tb is not None:
             # Support for __traceback_hide__ which is used by a few libraries
@@ -438,9 +436,7 @@ class ExceptionReporter(object):
 
             # If the traceback for current exception is consumed, try the
             # other exception.
-            if six.PY2:
-                tb = tb.tb_next
-            elif not tb.tb_next and exceptions:
+            if not tb.tb_next and exceptions:
                 exc_value = exceptions.pop()
                 tb = exc_value.__traceback__
             else:
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 9d336981dd..c1ff45c56a 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ doc_files = docs extras AUTHORS INSTALL LICENSE README.rst
 install-script = scripts/rpm-install.sh
 
 [flake8]
-exclude = build,.git,.tox,./django/utils/lru_cache.py,./django/utils/six.py,./django/conf/app_template/*,./django/dispatch/weakref_backports.py,./tests/.env,./xmlrunner,tests/view_tests/tests/py3_test_debug.py,tests/template_tests/annotated_tag_function.py
+exclude = build,.git,.tox,./django/utils/lru_cache.py,./django/utils/six.py,./django/conf/app_template/*,./tests/.env,./xmlrunner
 ignore = W601
 max-line-length = 119
 
diff --git a/tests/admin_docs/test_views.py b/tests/admin_docs/test_views.py
index 9f7f0ee268..34f6af6cdc 100644
--- a/tests/admin_docs/test_views.py
+++ b/tests/admin_docs/test_views.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.db.models import fields
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, modify_settings, override_settings
 from django.test.utils import captured_stderr
 from django.urls import reverse
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .models import Company, Person
 from .tests import AdminDocsTestCase, TestDataMixin
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ class AdminDocViewTests(TestDataMixin, AdminDocsTestCase):
         self.assertContains(response, 'Views by namespace test')
         self.assertContains(response, 'Name: <code>test:func</code>.')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, "Python 2 doesn't support __qualname__.")
     def test_view_index_with_method(self):
         """
         Views that are methods are listed correctly.
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class AdminDocViewTests(TestDataMixin, AdminDocsTestCase):
         """
         url = reverse('django-admindocs-views-detail', args=['django.contrib.admin.sites.AdminSite.index'])
         response = self.client.get(url)
-        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200 if six.PY3 else 404)
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     def test_model_index(self):
         response = self.client.get(reverse('django-admindocs-models-index'))
diff --git a/tests/admin_scripts/tests.py b/tests/admin_scripts/tests.py
index 08fe645535..e37e8a4256 100644
--- a/tests/admin_scripts/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_scripts/tests.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from django.test import (
 )
 from django.utils._os import npath, upath
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
-from django.utils.six import PY2, StringIO
+from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
 custom_templates_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(upath(__file__)), 'custom_templates')
 
@@ -626,7 +626,6 @@ class DjangoAdminSettingsDirectory(AdminScriptTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(app_path))
         self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_path, 'api.py')))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY2, "Python 2 doesn't support Unicode package names.")
     def test_startapp_unicode_name(self):
         "directory: startapp creates the correct directory with unicode characters"
         args = ['startapp', 'こんにちは']
@@ -1897,18 +1896,11 @@ class StartProject(LiveServerTestCase, AdminScriptTestCase):
             self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, testproject_dir, True)
 
             out, err = self.run_django_admin(args)
-            if PY2:
-                self.assertOutput(
-                    err,
-                    "Error: '%s' is not a valid project name. Please make "
-                    "sure the name begins with a letter or underscore." % bad_name
-                )
-            else:
-                self.assertOutput(
-                    err,
-                    "Error: '%s' is not a valid project name. Please make "
-                    "sure the name is a valid identifier." % bad_name
-                )
+            self.assertOutput(
+                err,
+                "Error: '%s' is not a valid project name. Please make "
+                "sure the name is a valid identifier." % bad_name
+            )
             self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(testproject_dir))
 
     def test_simple_project_different_directory(self):
diff --git a/tests/annotations/tests.py b/tests/annotations/tests.py
index bffac69e21..65886b2063 100644
--- a/tests/annotations/tests.py
+++ b/tests/annotations/tests.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.db.models import (
 )
 from django.db.models.functions import Lower
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .models import (
     Author, Book, Company, DepartmentStore, Employee, Publisher, Store, Ticket,
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ def cxOracle_py3_bug(func):
     """
     from unittest import expectedFailure
     from django.db import connection
-    return expectedFailure(func) if connection.vendor == 'oracle' and six.PY3 else func
+    return expectedFailure(func) if connection.vendor == 'oracle' else func
 
 
 class NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase(TestCase):
diff --git a/tests/apps/tests.py b/tests/apps/tests.py
index d2adc681f2..9576420b54 100644
--- a/tests/apps/tests.py
+++ b/tests/apps/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-from unittest import skipUnless
 
 from django.apps import AppConfig, apps
 from django.apps.registry import Apps
@@ -8,7 +7,6 @@ from django.core.exceptions import AppRegistryNotReady, ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
 from django.test.utils import extend_sys_path, isolate_apps
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils._os import upath
 
 from .default_config_app.apps import CustomConfig
@@ -371,7 +369,6 @@ class AppConfigTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'a')
 
 
-@skipUnless(six.PY3, "Namespace packages sans __init__.py were added in Python 3.3")
 class NamespacePackageAppTests(SimpleTestCase):
     # We need nsapp to be top-level so our multiple-paths tests can add another
     # location for it (if its inside a normal package with an __init__.py that
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_forms.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_forms.py
index 36b4e8f4e7..c055b58042 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_forms.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_forms.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import datetime
 import re
-from unittest import skipIf
 
 from django import forms
 from django.contrib.auth.forms import (
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ from django.core import mail
 from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
 from django.forms.fields import CharField, Field, IntegerField
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase, mock, override_settings
-from django.utils import six, translation
+from django.utils import translation
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.text import capfirst
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
@@ -114,14 +113,10 @@ class UserCreationFormTest(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
             'password2': 'test123',
         }
         form = UserCreationForm(data)
-        if six.PY3:
-            self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())
-            u = form.save()
-            self.assertEqual(u.username, '宝')
-        else:
-            self.assertFalse(form.is_valid())
+        self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())
+        u = form.save()
+        self.assertEqual(u.username, '宝')
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY2, "Python 2 doesn't support unicode usernames by default.")
     def test_normalize_username(self):
         # The normalization happens in AbstractBaseUser.clean() and ModelForm
         # validation calls Model.clean().
@@ -137,7 +132,6 @@ class UserCreationFormTest(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(user.username, ohm_username)
         self.assertEqual(user.username, 'testΩ')  # U+03A9 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY2, "Python 2 doesn't support unicode usernames by default.")
     def test_duplicate_normalized_unicode(self):
         """
         To prevent almost identical usernames, visually identical but differing
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
index eaceafb444..ac57bbd511 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ def mock_inputs(inputs):
             class mock_getpass:
                 @staticmethod
                 def getpass(prompt=b'Password: ', stream=None):
-                    if six.PY2:
-                        # getpass on Windows only supports prompt as bytestring (#19807)
-                        assert isinstance(prompt, six.binary_type)
                     if callable(inputs['password']):
                         return inputs['password']()
                     return inputs['password']
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_tokens.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_tokens.py
index 7ff3f15f3d..0662ec513e 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_tokens.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_tokens.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-import unittest
 from datetime import date, timedelta
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.auth.tokens import PasswordResetTokenGenerator
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils.six import PY3
 
 
 class TokenGeneratorTest(TestCase):
@@ -51,18 +49,6 @@ class TokenGeneratorTest(TestCase):
         p2 = Mocked(date.today() + timedelta(settings.PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS + 1))
         self.assertFalse(p2.check_token(user, tk1))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Unnecessary test with Python 3")
-    def test_date_length(self):
-        """
-        Overly long dates, which are a potential DoS vector, aren't allowed.
-        """
-        user = User.objects.create_user('ima1337h4x0r', 'test4@example.com', 'p4ssw0rd')
-        p0 = PasswordResetTokenGenerator()
-
-        # This will put a 14-digit base36 timestamp into the token, which is too large.
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            p0._make_token_with_timestamp(user, 175455491841851871349)
-
     def test_check_token_with_nonexistent_token_and_user(self):
         user = User.objects.create_user('tokentestuser', 'test2@example.com', 'testpw')
         p0 = PasswordResetTokenGenerator()
diff --git a/tests/backends/test_utils.py b/tests/backends/test_utils.py
index 6f59d1b23b..d158e2a5a2 100644
--- a/tests/backends/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/backends/test_utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.db.utils import load_backend
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class TestLoadBackend(SimpleTestCase):
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ class TestLoadBackend(SimpleTestCase):
             "'foo' isn't an available database backend.\n"
             "Try using 'django.db.backends.XXX', where XXX is one of:\n"
             "    'mysql', 'oracle', 'postgresql', 'sqlite3'\n"
-            "Error was: No module named %s"
-        ) % "foo.base" if six.PY2 else "'foo'"
+            "Error was: No module named 'foo'"
+        )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
             load_backend('foo')
diff --git a/tests/base/models.py b/tests/base/models.py
index 077b93fbb8..fb91522717 100644
--- a/tests/base/models.py
+++ b/tests/base/models.py
@@ -13,12 +13,3 @@ class CustomBaseModel(models.base.ModelBase):
 
 class MyModel(six.with_metaclass(CustomBaseModel, models.Model)):
     """Model subclass with a custom base using six.with_metaclass."""
-
-
-# This is done to ensure that for Python2 only, defining metaclasses
-# still does not fail to create the model.
-
-if six.PY2:
-    class MyPython2Model(models.Model):
-        """Model subclass with a custom base using __metaclass__."""
-        __metaclass__ = CustomBaseModel
diff --git a/tests/cache/tests.py b/tests/cache/tests.py
index 5be3db0ef4..caeb8a47df 100644
--- a/tests/cache/tests.py
+++ b/tests/cache/tests.py
@@ -928,11 +928,7 @@ class BaseCacheTests(object):
         self.assertEqual(cache.get_or_set('mykey', my_callable()), 'value')
 
     def test_get_or_set_version(self):
-        msg = (
-            "get_or_set() missing 1 required positional argument: 'default'"
-            if six.PY3
-            else 'get_or_set() takes at least 3 arguments'
-        )
+        msg = "get_or_set() missing 1 required positional argument: 'default'"
         cache.get_or_set('brian', 1979, version=2)
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
             cache.get_or_set('brian')
diff --git a/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py b/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py
index 4c4a1ae25e..755464b3bb 100644
--- a/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py
+++ b/tests/dbshell/test_postgresql_psycopg2.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import os
 
 from django.db.backends.postgresql.client import DatabaseClient
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, mock
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
 
 
@@ -91,16 +90,12 @@ class PostgreSqlDbshellCommandTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
         encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
         username = 'rôle'
         password = 'sésame'
-        try:
-            username_str = force_str(username, encoding)
-            password_str = force_str(password, encoding)
-            pgpass_bytes = force_bytes(
-                'somehost:444:dbname:%s:%s' % (username, password),
-                encoding=encoding,
-            )
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            if six.PY2:
-                self.skipTest("Your locale can't run this test.")
+        username_str = force_str(username, encoding)
+        password_str = force_str(password, encoding)
+        pgpass_bytes = force_bytes(
+            'somehost:444:dbname:%s:%s' % (username, password),
+            encoding=encoding,
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             self._run_it({
                 'database': 'dbname',
diff --git a/tests/file_uploads/tests.py b/tests/file_uploads/tests.py
index 769c06c904..f9cecf96a2 100644
--- a/tests/file_uploads/tests.py
+++ b/tests/file_uploads/tests.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from django.http.multipartparser import MultiPartParser, parse_header
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase, client, override_settings
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
 from django.utils.http import urlquote
-from django.utils.six import PY2, StringIO
+from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
 from . import uploadhandler
 from .models import FileModel
@@ -102,9 +102,7 @@ class FileUploadTests(TestCase):
         self._test_base64_upload("Big data" * 68000)  # > 512Kb
 
     def test_big_base64_newlines_upload(self):
-        self._test_base64_upload(
-            # encodestring is a deprecated alias on Python 3
-            "Big data" * 68000, encode=base64.encodestring if PY2 else base64.encodebytes)
+        self._test_base64_upload("Big data" * 68000, encode=base64.encodebytes)
 
     def test_unicode_file_name(self):
         tdir = sys_tempfile.mkdtemp()
diff --git a/tests/files/tests.py b/tests/files/tests.py
index 276cbed544..a0ff3d4782 100644
--- a/tests/files/tests.py
+++ b/tests/files/tests.py
@@ -181,10 +181,7 @@ class ContentFileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         retrieved content is of the same type.
         """
         self.assertIsInstance(ContentFile(b"content").read(), bytes)
-        if six.PY3:
-            self.assertIsInstance(ContentFile("español").read(), six.text_type)
-        else:
-            self.assertIsInstance(ContentFile("español").read(), bytes)
+        self.assertIsInstance(ContentFile("español").read(), six.text_type)
 
 
 class DimensionClosingBug(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py b/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py
index 3667fcbd4c..7ea9e6cc3e 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/fixtures_regress/tests.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 import json
 import os
 import re
-import unittest
 import warnings
 
-import django
 from django.core import management, serializers
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.core.serializers.base import DeserializationError
@@ -15,9 +13,8 @@ from django.test import (
     TestCase, TransactionTestCase, override_settings, skipIfDBFeature,
     skipUnlessDBFeature,
 )
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils._os import upath
-from django.utils.six import PY3, StringIO
+from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
 from .models import (
     Absolute, Animal, Article, Book, Child, Circle1, Circle2, Circle3,
@@ -32,16 +29,6 @@ from .models import (
 _cur_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(upath(__file__)))
 
 
-def is_ascii(s):
-    return all(ord(c) < 128 for c in s)
-
-
-skipIfNonASCIIPath = unittest.skipIf(
-    not is_ascii(django.__file__) and six.PY2,
-    'Python 2 crashes when checking non-ASCII exception messages.'
-)
-
-
 class TestFixtures(TestCase):
 
     def animal_pre_save_check(self, signal, sender, instance, **kwargs):
@@ -205,7 +192,6 @@ class TestFixtures(TestCase):
                 verbosity=0,
             )
 
-    @skipIfNonASCIIPath
     @override_settings(SERIALIZATION_MODULES={'unkn': 'unexistent.path'})
     def test_unimportable_serializer(self):
         """
@@ -350,8 +336,8 @@ class TestFixtures(TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(
                 self.pre_save_checks,
                 [
-                    ("Count = 42 (<%s 'int'>)" % ('class' if PY3 else 'type'),
-                     "Weight = 1.2 (<%s 'float'>)" % ('class' if PY3 else 'type'))
+                    ("Count = 42 (<class 'int'>)",
+                     "Weight = 1.2 (<class 'float'>)")
                 ]
             )
         finally:
@@ -531,7 +517,6 @@ class TestFixtures(TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, "settings.FIXTURE_DIRS contains duplicates."):
             management.call_command('loaddata', 'absolute.json', verbosity=0)
 
-    @skipIfNonASCIIPath
     @override_settings(FIXTURE_DIRS=[os.path.join(_cur_dir, 'fixtures')])
     def test_fixture_dirs_with_default_fixture_path(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/handlers/tests.py b/tests/handlers/tests.py
index bae2043918..72ba98b1d3 100644
--- a/tests/handlers/tests.py
+++ b/tests/handlers/tests.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class HandlerTests(SimpleTestCase):
         produces a 404.
         """
         environ = RequestFactory().get('/').environ
-        environ['PATH_INFO'] = b'\xed' if six.PY2 else '\xed'
+        environ['PATH_INFO'] = '\xed'
         handler = WSGIHandler()
         response = handler(environ, lambda *a, **k: None)
         # The path of the request will be encoded to '/%ED'.
@@ -53,25 +53,17 @@ class HandlerTests(SimpleTestCase):
         ]
         got = []
         for raw_query_string in raw_query_strings:
-            if six.PY3:
-                # Simulate http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.parse_request handling of raw request
-                environ['QUERY_STRING'] = str(raw_query_string, 'iso-8859-1')
-            else:
-                environ['QUERY_STRING'] = raw_query_string
+            # Simulate http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.parse_request handling of raw request
+            environ['QUERY_STRING'] = str(raw_query_string, 'iso-8859-1')
             request = WSGIRequest(environ)
             got.append(request.GET['want'])
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertListEqual(got, ['café', 'café', 'café', 'café'])
-        else:
-            # On Python 3, %E9 is converted to the unicode replacement character by parse_qsl
-            self.assertListEqual(got, ['café', 'café', 'caf\ufffd', 'café'])
+        # %E9 is converted to the unicode replacement character by parse_qsl
+        self.assertListEqual(got, ['café', 'café', 'caf\ufffd', 'café'])
 
     def test_non_ascii_cookie(self):
         """Non-ASCII cookies set in JavaScript are properly decoded (#20557)."""
         environ = RequestFactory().get('/').environ
-        raw_cookie = 'want="café"'
-        if six.PY3:
-            raw_cookie = raw_cookie.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
+        raw_cookie = 'want="café"'.encode('utf-8').decode('iso-8859-1')
         environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] = raw_cookie
         request = WSGIRequest(environ)
         # If would be nicer if request.COOKIES returned unicode values.
diff --git a/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py b/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py
index d9885ea40c..9042f8ed6e 100644
--- a/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py
+++ b/tests/httpwrappers/tests.py
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ class QueryDictTests(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_immutable_basic_operations(self):
         q = QueryDict()
         self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [])
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertIs(q.has_key('foo'), False)
         self.assertNotIn('foo', q)
         self.assertEqual(list(six.iteritems(q)), [])
         self.assertEqual(list(six.iterlists(q)), [])
@@ -85,11 +83,7 @@ class QueryDictTests(SimpleTestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             q.appendlist('foo', ['bar'])
 
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertTrue(q.has_key('foo'))
         self.assertIn('foo', q)
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertFalse(q.has_key('bar'))
         self.assertNotIn('bar', q)
 
         self.assertEqual(list(six.iteritems(q)), [('foo', 'bar')])
@@ -150,8 +144,6 @@ class QueryDictTests(SimpleTestCase):
         q.appendlist('foo', 'another')
         self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar', 'baz', 'another'])
         self.assertEqual(q['foo'], 'another')
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertTrue(q.has_key('foo'))
         self.assertIn('foo', q)
 
         self.assertListEqual(sorted(six.iteritems(q)),
@@ -199,11 +191,7 @@ class QueryDictTests(SimpleTestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             q.appendlist('foo', ['bar'])
 
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertIs(q.has_key('vote'), True)
         self.assertIn('vote', q)
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertIs(q.has_key('foo'), False)
         self.assertNotIn('foo', q)
         self.assertEqual(list(six.iteritems(q)), [('vote', 'no')])
         self.assertEqual(list(six.iterlists(q)), [('vote', ['yes', 'no'])])
@@ -224,19 +212,6 @@ class QueryDictTests(SimpleTestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             q.__delitem__('vote')
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        def test_invalid_input_encoding(self):
-            """
-            QueryDicts must be able to handle invalid input encoding (in this
-            case, bad UTF-8 encoding), falling back to ISO-8859-1 decoding.
-
-            This test doesn't apply under Python 3 because the URL is a string
-            and not a bytestring.
-            """
-            q = QueryDict(str(b'foo=bar&foo=\xff'))
-            self.assertEqual(q['foo'], '\xff')
-            self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar', '\xff'])
-
     def test_pickle(self):
         q = QueryDict()
         q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
@@ -807,15 +782,6 @@ class CookieTests(unittest.TestCase):
         c.load({'name': 'val'})
         self.assertEqual(c['name'].value, 'val')
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(six.PY2, "PY3 throws an exception on invalid cookie keys.")
-    def test_bad_cookie(self):
-        """
-        Regression test for #18403
-        """
-        r = HttpResponse()
-        r.set_cookie("a:.b/", 1)
-        self.assertEqual(len(r.cookies.bad_cookies), 1)
-
     def test_pickle(self):
         rawdata = 'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Path=/acme; Version=1'
         expected_output = 'Set-Cookie: %s' % rawdata
diff --git a/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py b/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py
index d17078e290..3f3bf773bf 100644
--- a/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py
+++ b/tests/i18n/test_compilation.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from django.core.management.commands.makemessages import \
 from django.core.management.utils import find_command
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, mock, override_settings
 from django.test.utils import captured_stderr, captured_stdout
-from django.utils import six, translation
+from django.utils import translation
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.six import StringIO
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext
@@ -144,18 +144,11 @@ class CompilationErrorHandling(MessageCompilationTests):
         env = os.environ.copy()
         env.update({str('LANG'): str('C')})
         with mock.patch('django.core.management.utils.Popen', lambda *args, **kwargs: Popen(*args, env=env, **kwargs)):
-            if six.PY2:
-                # Various assertRaises on PY2 don't support unicode error messages.
-                try:
-                    call_command('compilemessages', locale=['ko'], verbosity=0)
-                except CommandError as err:
-                    self.assertIn("' cannot start a field name", six.text_type(err))
-            else:
-                cmd = MakeMessagesCommand()
-                if cmd.gettext_version < (0, 18, 3):
-                    self.skipTest("python-brace-format is a recent gettext addition.")
-                with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "' cannot start a field name"):
-                    call_command('compilemessages', locale=['ko'], verbosity=0)
+            cmd = MakeMessagesCommand()
+            if cmd.gettext_version < (0, 18, 3):
+                self.skipTest("python-brace-format is a recent gettext addition.")
+            with self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "' cannot start a field name"):
+                call_command('compilemessages', locale=['ko'], verbosity=0)
 
 
 class ProjectAndAppTests(MessageCompilationTests):
diff --git a/tests/i18n/tests.py b/tests/i18n/tests.py
index 2b9793109b..d039d016ce 100644
--- a/tests/i18n/tests.py
+++ b/tests/i18n/tests.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import pickle
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from importlib import import_module
 from threading import local
-from unittest import skipUnless
 
 from django import forms
 from django.conf import settings
@@ -23,13 +22,11 @@ from django.utils.formats import (
 )
 from django.utils.numberformat import format as nformat
 from django.utils.safestring import SafeBytes, SafeText
-from django.utils.six import PY3
 from django.utils.translation import (
     LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEY, activate, check_for_language, deactivate,
-    get_language, get_language_from_request, get_language_info, gettext,
-    gettext_lazy, ngettext_lazy, npgettext, npgettext_lazy, pgettext,
-    pgettext_lazy, trans_real, ugettext, ugettext_lazy, ungettext,
-    ungettext_lazy,
+    get_language, get_language_from_request, get_language_info, gettext_lazy,
+    ngettext_lazy, npgettext, npgettext_lazy, pgettext, trans_real, ugettext,
+    ugettext_lazy, ungettext, ungettext_lazy,
 )
 
 from .forms import CompanyForm, I18nForm, SelectDateForm
@@ -141,33 +138,6 @@ class TranslationTests(SimpleTestCase):
         s4 = ugettext_lazy('Some other string')
         self.assertNotEqual(s, s4)
 
-    @skipUnless(six.PY2, "No more bytestring translations on PY3")
-    def test_bytestrings(self):
-        """gettext() returns a bytestring if input is bytestring."""
-
-        # Using repr() to check translated text and type
-        self.assertEqual(repr(gettext(b"Time")), repr(b"Time"))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(gettext("Time")), repr("Time"))
-
-        with translation.override('de', deactivate=True):
-            self.assertEqual(repr(gettext(b"Time")), repr(b"Zeit"))
-            self.assertEqual(repr(gettext("Time")), repr(b"Zeit"))
-
-    @skipUnless(six.PY2, "No more bytestring translations on PY3")
-    def test_lazy_and_bytestrings(self):
-        # On Python 2, (n)gettext_lazy should not transform a bytestring to unicode
-        self.assertEqual(gettext_lazy(b"test").upper(), b"TEST")
-        self.assertEqual((ngettext_lazy(b"%d test", b"%d tests") % 1).upper(), b"1 TEST")
-
-        # Other versions of lazy functions always return unicode
-        self.assertEqual(ugettext_lazy(b"test").upper(), "TEST")
-        self.assertEqual((ungettext_lazy(b"%d test", b"%d tests") % 1).upper(), "1 TEST")
-        self.assertEqual(pgettext_lazy(b"context", b"test").upper(), "TEST")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            (npgettext_lazy(b"context", b"%d test", b"%d tests") % 1).upper(),
-            "1 TEST"
-        )
-
     def test_lazy_pickle(self):
         s1 = ugettext_lazy("test")
         self.assertEqual(six.text_type(s1), "test")
@@ -223,20 +193,6 @@ class TranslationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             with self.assertRaisesMessage(KeyError, 'Your dictionary lacks key'):
                 complex_context_deferred % {'name': 'Jim'}
 
-    @skipUnless(six.PY2, "PY3 doesn't have distinct int and long types")
-    def test_ungettext_lazy_long(self):
-        """
-        Regression test for #22820: int and long should be treated alike in ungettext_lazy.
-        """
-        result = ungettext_lazy('%(name)s has %(num)d good result', '%(name)s has %(num)d good results', 4)
-        self.assertEqual(result % {'name': 'Joe', 'num': 4}, "Joe has 4 good results")
-        # Now with a long
-        result = ungettext_lazy(
-            '%(name)s has %(num)d good result', '%(name)s has %(num)d good results',
-            long(4)   # NOQA: long undefined on PY3
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(result % {'name': 'Joe', 'num': 4}, "Joe has 4 good results")
-
     def test_ungettext_lazy_bool(self):
         self.assertTrue(ungettext_lazy('%d good result', '%d good results'))
         self.assertFalse(ungettext_lazy('', ''))
@@ -298,7 +254,7 @@ class FormattingTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.d = datetime.date(2009, 12, 31)
         self.dt = datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 31, 20, 50)
         self.t = datetime.time(10, 15, 48)
-        self.long = 10000 if PY3 else long(10000)  # NOQA: long undefined on PY3
+        self.long = 10000
         self.ctxt = Context({
             'n': self.n,
             't': self.t,
diff --git a/tests/inspectdb/tests.py b/tests/inspectdb/tests.py
index 1293ff68ac..8f17735929 100644
--- a/tests/inspectdb/tests.py
+++ b/tests/inspectdb/tests.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import TestCase, mock, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
-from django.utils.six import PY3, StringIO
+from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
 from .models import ColumnTypes
 
@@ -196,11 +196,7 @@ class InspectDBTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertIn("field_field_0 = models.IntegerField(db_column='%s__')" % base_name, output)
         self.assertIn("field_field_1 = models.IntegerField(db_column='__field')", output)
         self.assertIn("prc_x = models.IntegerField(db_column='prc(%) x')", output)
-        if PY3:
-            # Python 3 allows non-ASCII identifiers
-            self.assertIn("tamaño = models.IntegerField()", output)
-        else:
-            self.assertIn("tama_o = models.IntegerField(db_column='tama\\xf1o')", output)
+        self.assertIn("tamaño = models.IntegerField()", output)
 
     def test_table_name_introspection(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py
index 5fd76229e9..384d1fa03e 100644
--- a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py
+++ b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_relative_fields.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignObject
 from django.test.testcases import SimpleTestCase, skipIfDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import isolate_apps, override_settings
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 @isolate_apps('invalid_models_tests')
@@ -655,10 +654,8 @@ class RelativeFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
             'with',  # a Python keyword
             'related_name\n',
             '',
+            '，',  # non-ASCII
         ]
-        # Python 2 crashes on non-ASCII strings.
-        if six.PY3:
-            invalid_related_names.append('，')
 
         class Parent(models.Model):
             pass
@@ -695,10 +692,9 @@ class RelativeFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
             'ends_with_plus+',
             '_+',
             '+',
+            '試',
+            '試驗+',
         ]
-        # Python 2 crashes on non-ASCII strings.
-        if six.PY3:
-            related_names.extend(['試', '試驗+'])
 
         class Parent(models.Model):
             pass
diff --git a/tests/mail/tests.py b/tests/mail/tests.py
index ba7ff44714..cfe2889aa6 100644
--- a/tests/mail/tests.py
+++ b/tests/mail/tests.py
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ import socket
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import threading
+from email import message_from_binary_file, message_from_bytes
 from email.header import Header
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
+from email.utils import parseaddr
 from smtplib import SMTP, SMTPAuthenticationError, SMTPException
 from ssl import SSLError
 
@@ -24,19 +26,9 @@ from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
 from django.test.utils import requires_tz_support
 from django.utils._os import upath
 from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
-from django.utils.six import PY3, StringIO, binary_type
+from django.utils.six import StringIO, binary_type
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy
 
-if PY3:
-    from email.utils import parseaddr
-    from email import message_from_bytes, message_from_binary_file
-else:
-    from email.Utils import parseaddr
-    from email import (
-        message_from_string as message_from_bytes,
-        message_from_file as message_from_binary_file,
-    )
-
 
 class HeadersCheckMixin(object):
 
@@ -656,16 +648,10 @@ class MailTests(HeadersCheckMixin, SimpleTestCase):
             sanitize_address(('A name', 'to@example.com'), 'ascii'),
             'A name <to@example.com>'
         )
-        if PY3:
-            self.assertEqual(
-                sanitize_address(('A name', 'to@example.com'), 'utf-8'),
-                '=?utf-8?q?A_name?= <to@example.com>'
-            )
-        else:
-            self.assertEqual(
-                sanitize_address(('A name', 'to@example.com'), 'utf-8'),
-                'A name <to@example.com>'
-            )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sanitize_address(('A name', 'to@example.com'), 'utf-8'),
+            '=?utf-8?q?A_name?= <to@example.com>'
+        )
 
         # Unicode characters are are supported in RFC-6532.
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -1165,18 +1151,8 @@ class FakeSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer, threading.Thread):
         self.active_lock = threading.Lock()
         self.sink_lock = threading.Lock()
 
-    if not PY3:
-        def handle_accept(self):
-            # copy of Python 2.7 smtpd.SMTPServer.handle_accept with hardcoded
-            # SMTPChannel replaced by self.channel_class
-            pair = self.accept()
-            if pair is not None:
-                conn, addr = pair
-                self.channel_class(self, conn, addr)
-
     def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
-        if PY3:
-            data = data.encode('utf-8')
+        data = data.encode('utf-8')
         m = message_from_bytes(data)
         maddr = parseaddr(m.get('from'))[1]
 
@@ -1448,8 +1424,7 @@ class SMTPBackendTests(BaseEmailBackendTests, SMTPBackendTestsBase):
 
             self.assertTrue(msg)
 
-            if PY3:
-                msg = msg.decode('utf-8')
+            msg = msg.decode('utf-8')
             # The message only contains CRLF and not combinations of CRLF, LF, and CR.
             msg = msg.replace('\r\n', '')
             self.assertNotIn('\r', msg)
diff --git a/tests/middleware/tests.py b/tests/middleware/tests.py
index 43ea0748a0..3c0d3d81ea 100644
--- a/tests/middleware/tests.py
+++ b/tests/middleware/tests.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import gzip
 import random
 import re
 from io import BytesIO
-from unittest import skipIf
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core import mail
@@ -401,24 +400,6 @@ class BrokenLinkEmailsMiddlewareTest(SimpleTestCase):
         BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware().process_response(self.req, self.resp)
         self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 0)
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY3, "HTTP_REFERER is str type on Python 3")
-    def test_404_error_nonascii_referrer(self):
-        # Such referer strings should not happen, but anyway, if it happens,
-        # let's not crash
-        self.req.META['HTTP_REFERER'] = b'http://testserver/c/\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb8/'
-        BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware().process_response(self.req, self.resp)
-        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
-
-    @skipIf(six.PY3, "HTTP_USER_AGENT is str type on Python 3")
-    def test_404_error_nonascii_user_agent(self):
-        # Such user agent strings should not happen, but anyway, if it happens,
-        # let's not crash
-        self.req.META['HTTP_REFERER'] = '/another/url/'
-        self.req.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = b'\xd0\xbb\xd0\xb8\xff\xff'
-        BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware().process_response(self.req, self.resp)
-        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
-        self.assertIn('User agent: \u043b\u0438\ufffd\ufffd\n', mail.outbox[0].body)
-
     def test_custom_request_checker(self):
         class SubclassedMiddleware(BrokenLinkEmailsMiddleware):
             ignored_user_agent_patterns = (re.compile(r'Spider.*'), re.compile(r'Robot.*'))
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_commands.py b/tests/migrations/test_commands.py
index ab2e47fabd..ca6b42044f 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_commands.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_commands.py
@@ -661,18 +661,10 @@ class MakeMigrationsTests(MigrationTestBase):
                 self.assertIn('migrations.CreateModel', content)
                 self.assertIn('initial = True', content)
 
-                if six.PY3:
-                    self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéø', content)  # Meta.verbose_name
-                    self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéøß', content)  # Meta.verbose_name_plural
-                    self.assertIn('ÚÑÍ¢ÓÐÉ', content)  # title.verbose_name
-                    self.assertIn('“Ðjáñgó”', content)  # title.default
-                else:
-                    # Meta.verbose_name
-                    self.assertIn('\\xfa\\xf1\\xed\\xa9\\xf3\\xf0\\xe9 \\xb5\\xf3\\xf0\\xe9\\xf8', content)
-                    # Meta.verbose_name_plural
-                    self.assertIn('\\xfa\\xf1\\xed\\xa9\\xf3\\xf0\\xe9 \\xb5\\xf3\\xf0\\xe9\\xf8\\xdf', content)
-                    self.assertIn('\\xda\\xd1\\xcd\\xa2\\xd3\\xd0\\xc9', content)  # title.verbose_name
-                    self.assertIn('\\u201c\\xd0j\\xe1\\xf1g\\xf3\\u201d', content)  # title.default
+                self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéø', content)  # Meta.verbose_name
+                self.assertIn('úñí©óðé µóðéøß', content)  # Meta.verbose_name_plural
+                self.assertIn('ÚÑÍ¢ÓÐÉ', content)  # title.verbose_name
+                self.assertIn('“Ðjáñgó”', content)  # title.default
 
     def test_makemigrations_order(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_loader.py b/tests/migrations/test_loader.py
index 6c91a50430..b06ff8f89c 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_loader.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_loader.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from unittest import skipIf
-
 from django.db import connection, connections
 from django.db.migrations.exceptions import (
     AmbiguityError, InconsistentMigrationHistory, NodeNotFoundError,
@@ -7,7 +5,6 @@ from django.db.migrations.exceptions import (
 from django.db.migrations.loader import MigrationLoader
 from django.db.migrations.recorder import MigrationRecorder
 from django.test import TestCase, modify_settings, override_settings
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class RecorderTests(TestCase):
@@ -170,7 +167,6 @@ class LoaderTests(TestCase):
                 "App with migrations module file not in unmigrated apps."
             )
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY2, "PY2 doesn't load empty dirs.")
     def test_load_empty_dir(self):
         with override_settings(MIGRATION_MODULES={"migrations": "migrations.faulty_migrations.namespace"}):
             loader = MigrationLoader(connection)
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_writer.py b/tests/migrations/test_writer.py
index c03d8cfd38..b926757920 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_writer.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_writer.py
@@ -47,12 +47,6 @@ class Money(decimal.Decimal):
         )
 
 
-class TestModel1(object):
-    def upload_to(self):
-        return "somewhere dynamic"
-    thing = models.FileField(upload_to=upload_to)
-
-
 class OperationWriterTests(SimpleTestCase):
 
     def test_empty_signature(self):
@@ -486,15 +480,6 @@ class WriterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(string, 'range')
         self.assertEqual(imports, set())
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(six.PY2, "Only applies on Python 2")
-    def test_serialize_direct_function_reference(self):
-        """
-        Ticket #22436: You cannot use a function straight from its body
-        (e.g. define the method and use it in the same body)
-        """
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            self.serialize_round_trip(TestModel1.thing)
-
     def test_serialize_local_function_reference(self):
         """
         Neither py2 or py3 can serialize a reference in a local scope.
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py b/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py
index bf5258cddf..0dcb1abf3b 100644
--- a/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py
+++ b/tests/model_fields/test_promises.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import datetime
-import unittest
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.db.models.fields import (
-    AutoField, BigIntegerField, BinaryField, BooleanField, CharField,
-    DateField, DateTimeField, DecimalField, EmailField, FilePathField,
-    FloatField, GenericIPAddressField, IntegerField, IPAddressField,
-    NullBooleanField, PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField,
-    SlugField, SmallIntegerField, TextField, TimeField, URLField,
+    AutoField, BinaryField, BooleanField, CharField, DateField, DateTimeField,
+    DecimalField, EmailField, FilePathField, FloatField, GenericIPAddressField,
+    IntegerField, IPAddressField, NullBooleanField, PositiveIntegerField,
+    PositiveSmallIntegerField, SlugField, SmallIntegerField, TextField,
+    TimeField, URLField,
 )
 from django.db.models.fields.files import FileField, ImageField
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
@@ -21,11 +20,6 @@ class PromiseTest(SimpleTestCase):
         lazy_func = lazy(lambda: 1, int)
         self.assertIsInstance(AutoField(primary_key=True).get_prep_value(lazy_func()), int)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(six.PY3, 'Python 3 has no `long` type.')
-    def test_BigIntegerField(self):
-        lazy_func = lazy(lambda: long(9999999999999999999), long)  # NOQA: long undefined on PY3
-        self.assertIsInstance(BigIntegerField().get_prep_value(lazy_func()), long)  # NOQA
-
     def test_BinaryField(self):
         lazy_func = lazy(lambda: b'', bytes)
         self.assertIsInstance(BinaryField().get_prep_value(lazy_func()), bytes)
diff --git a/tests/project_template/test_settings.py b/tests/project_template/test_settings.py
index a0047dd836..5623df320b 100644
--- a/tests/project_template/test_settings.py
+++ b/tests/project_template/test_settings.py
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
 import os
 import shutil
-import unittest
 
 from django import conf
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils._os import upath
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(
-    six.PY2,
-    'Python 2 cannot import the project template because '
-    'django/conf/project_template doesn\'t have an __init__.py file.'
-)
 class TestStartProjectSettings(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         # Ensure settings.py exists
diff --git a/tests/queries/tests.py b/tests/queries/tests.py
index e2dd86bac1..ed323be154 100644
--- a/tests/queries/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queries/tests.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from django.db.models.sql.constants import LOUTER
 from django.db.models.sql.where import NothingNode, WhereNode
 from django.test import TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.six.moves import range
 
 from .models import (
@@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ class Queries1Tests(TestCase):
         local_recursion_limit = 127
         msg = 'Maximum recursion depth exceeded: too many subqueries.'
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RuntimeError, msg):
-            for i in six.moves.range(local_recursion_limit * 2):
+            for i in range(local_recursion_limit * 2):
                 x = Tag.objects.filter(pk__in=x)
 
     def test_reasonable_number_of_subq_aliases(self):
@@ -2249,25 +2248,6 @@ class QuerySetSupportsPythonIdioms(TestCase):
             ]
         )
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(six.PY2, "Python 2 only -- Python 3 doesn't have longs.")
-    def test_slicing_works_with_longs(self):
-        # NOQA: long undefined on PY3
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_ordered_articles()[long(0)].name, 'Article 1')  # NOQA
-        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.get_ordered_articles()[long(1):long(3)],  # NOQA
-            ["<Article: Article 2>", "<Article: Article 3>"])
-        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
-            self.get_ordered_articles()[::long(2)], [  # NOQA
-                "<Article: Article 1>",
-                "<Article: Article 3>",
-                "<Article: Article 5>",
-                "<Article: Article 7>"
-            ]
-        )
-
-        # And can be mixed with ints.
-        self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.get_ordered_articles()[1:long(3)],  # NOQA
-            ["<Article: Article 2>", "<Article: Article 3>"])
-
     def test_slicing_without_step_is_lazy(self):
         with self.assertNumQueries(0):
             self.get_ordered_articles()[0:5]
@@ -2965,8 +2945,6 @@ class QuerySetExceptionTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_invalid_order_by(self):
         msg = "Invalid order_by arguments: ['*']"
-        if six.PY2:
-            msg = msg.replace("[", "[u")
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, msg):
             list(Article.objects.order_by('*'))
 
diff --git a/tests/queryset_pickle/models.py b/tests/queryset_pickle/models.py
index 5e60963272..4faad0175b 100644
--- a/tests/queryset_pickle/models.py
+++ b/tests/queryset_pickle/models.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import datetime
 
 from django.db import DJANGO_VERSION_PICKLE_KEY, models
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 
 
@@ -45,9 +44,7 @@ class Happening(models.Model):
     when = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, default=datetime.datetime.now)
     name = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100, default="test")
     number1 = models.IntegerField(blank=True, default=standalone_number)
-    if six.PY3:
-        # default serializable on Python 3 only
-        number2 = models.IntegerField(blank=True, default=Numbers.get_static_number)
+    number2 = models.IntegerField(blank=True, default=Numbers.get_static_number)
 
 
 class Container(object):
diff --git a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
index 9333e96fc3..ac5174051f 100644
--- a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import datetime
 import pickle
-import unittest
 
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.version import get_version
 
 from .models import Container, Event, Group, Happening, M2MModel
@@ -33,7 +31,6 @@ class PickleabilityTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_standalone_method_as_default(self):
         self.assert_pickles(Happening.objects.filter(number1=1))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, "Field doesn't exist on Python 2.")
     def test_staticmethod_as_default(self):
         self.assert_pickles(Happening.objects.filter(number2=1))
 
diff --git a/tests/requests/tests.py b/tests/requests/tests.py
index c5a148ffbb..09b08540f4 100644
--- a/tests/requests/tests.py
+++ b/tests/requests/tests.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from django.http.request import split_domain_port
 from django.test import RequestFactory, SimpleTestCase, override_settings
 from django.test.client import FakePayload
 from django.test.utils import freeze_time, str_prefix
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.http import cookie_date, urlencode
 from django.utils.six.moves import http_cookies
@@ -168,9 +167,8 @@ class RequestsTests(SimpleTestCase):
 
     def test_wsgirequest_path_info(self):
         def wsgi_str(path_info, encoding='utf-8'):
-            path_info = path_info.encode(encoding)           # Actual URL sent by the browser (bytestring)
-            if six.PY3:
-                path_info = path_info.decode('iso-8859-1')  # Value in the WSGI environ dict (native string)
+            path_info = path_info.encode(encoding)  # Actual URL sent by the browser (bytestring)
+            path_info = path_info.decode('iso-8859-1')  # Value in the WSGI environ dict (native string)
             return path_info
         # Regression for #19468
         request = WSGIRequest({'PATH_INFO': wsgi_str("/سلام/"), 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'get', 'wsgi.input': BytesIO(b'')})
@@ -583,7 +581,7 @@ class RequestsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         request = WSGIRequest({
             'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
             'wsgi.input': '',
-            'QUERY_STRING': b'name=Hello%20G%C3%BCnter' if six.PY2 else 'name=Hello%20G%C3%BCnter'
+            'QUERY_STRING': 'name=Hello%20G%C3%BCnter',
         })
         self.assertEqual(request.GET, {'name': ['Hello Günter']})
         request.encoding = 'iso-8859-16'
diff --git a/tests/signing/tests.py b/tests/signing/tests.py
index c6145d09cb..bc838d015f 100644
--- a/tests/signing/tests.py
+++ b/tests/signing/tests.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import datetime
 from django.core import signing
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import freeze_time
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 
 
@@ -45,8 +44,6 @@ class TestSigner(SimpleTestCase):
             'jkw osanteuh ,rcuh nthu aou oauh ,ud du',
             '\u2019',
         ]
-        if six.PY2:
-            examples.append(b'a byte string')
         for example in examples:
             signed = signer.sign(example)
             self.assertIsInstance(signed, str)
@@ -76,8 +73,6 @@ class TestSigner(SimpleTestCase):
             'a unicode string \u2019',
             {'a': 'dictionary'},
         ]
-        if six.PY2:
-            objects.append(b'a byte string')
         for o in objects:
             self.assertNotEqual(o, signing.dumps(o))
             self.assertEqual(o, signing.loads(signing.dumps(o)))
diff --git a/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_management.py b/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_management.py
index ad608ea24b..e8c00eb3f5 100644
--- a/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_management.py
+++ b/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_management.py
@@ -183,8 +183,7 @@ class TestInteractiveMessages(CollectionTestCase):
     @staticmethod
     def mock_input(stdout):
         def _input(msg):
-            # Python 2 reads bytes from the console output, use bytes for the StringIO
-            stdout.write(msg.encode('utf-8') if six.PY2 else msg)
+            stdout.write(msg)
             return 'yes'
         return _input
 
diff --git a/tests/str/models.py b/tests/str/models.py
index 12f0247570..d2f7a45c20 100644
--- a/tests/str/models.py
+++ b/tests/str/models.py
@@ -1,31 +1,16 @@
 """
-Adding __str__() or __unicode__() to models
+Adding __str__() to models
 
-Although it's not a strict requirement, each model should have a
-``_str__()`` or ``__unicode__()`` method to return a "human-readable"
-representation of the object. Do this not only for your own sanity when dealing
-with the interactive prompt, but also because objects' representations are used
-throughout Django's automatically-generated admin.
-
-Normally,  you should write ``__unicode__()`` method, since this will work for
-all field types (and Django will automatically provide an appropriate
-``__str__()`` method). However, you can write a ``__str__()`` method directly,
-if you prefer. You must be careful to encode the results correctly, though.
+Although it's not a strict requirement, each model should have a ``_str__()``
+method to return a "human-readable" representation of the object. Do this not
+only for your own sanity when dealing with the interactive prompt, but also
+because objects' representations are used throughout Django's
+automatically-generated admin.
 """
 
 from django.db import models
 
 
-class Article(models.Model):
-    headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-    pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        # Caution: this is only safe if you are certain that headline will be
-        # in ASCII.
-        return self.headline
-
-
 class InternationalArticle(models.Model):
     headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
diff --git a/tests/str/tests.py b/tests/str/tests.py
index c4dd1d6b26..2d82c03ebf 100644
--- a/tests/str/tests.py
+++ b/tests/str/tests.py
@@ -1,25 +1,14 @@
 import datetime
-from unittest import skipIf
 
 from django.db import models
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.utils import isolate_apps
-from django.utils import six
 
-from .models import Article, InternationalArticle
+from .models import InternationalArticle
 
 
 class SimpleTests(TestCase):
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY3, "tests a __str__ method returning unicode under Python 2")
-    def test_basic(self):
-        a = Article.objects.create(
-            headline=b'Parrot programs in Python',
-            pub_date=datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 28)
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(str(a), str('Parrot programs in Python'))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(a), str('<Article: Parrot programs in Python>'))
-
     def test_international(self):
         a = InternationalArticle.objects.create(
             headline='Girl wins €12.500 in lottery',
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_width_ratio.py b/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_width_ratio.py
index 8206b83c58..bec7d93a4c 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_width_ratio.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_width_ratio.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from django.template import TemplateSyntaxError
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
-from django.utils import six
 
 from ..utils import setup
 
@@ -36,11 +35,10 @@ class WidthRatioTagTests(SimpleTestCase):
     @setup({'widthratio06': '{% widthratio a b 100 %}'})
     def test_widthratio06(self):
         """
-        62.5 should round to 63 on Python 2 and 62 on Python 3
-        See http://docs.python.org/py3k/whatsnew/3.0.html
+        62.5 should round to 62
         """
         output = self.engine.render_to_string('widthratio06', {'a': 50, 'b': 80})
-        self.assertEqual(output, '62' if six.PY3 else '63')
+        self.assertEqual(output, '62')
 
     @setup({'widthratio07': '{% widthratio a b 100 %}'})
     def test_widthratio07(self):
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/test_custom.py b/tests/template_tests/test_custom.py
index df8ea17fb0..03d4308937 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/test_custom.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/test_custom.py
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import os
-from unittest import skipUnless
 
 from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateSyntaxError
 from django.template.base import Node
 from django.template.library import InvalidTemplateLibrary
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import extend_sys_path
-from django.utils import six
 
 from .templatetags import custom, inclusion
 from .utils import ROOT
@@ -344,7 +342,6 @@ class TemplateTagLoadingTests(SimpleTestCase):
             })
             engine.from_string(ttext)
 
-    @skipUnless(six.PY3, "Python 3 only -- Python 2 doesn't have annotations.")
     def test_load_annotated_function(self):
         Engine(libraries={
             'annotated_tag_function': 'template_tests.annotated_tag_function',
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/test_loaders.py b/tests/template_tests/test_loaders.py
index 6e9b6eb453..c36e1ba6be 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/test_loaders.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/test_loaders.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist
 from django.template.engine import Engine
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import lazystr
 
 from .utils import TEMPLATE_DIR
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ class CachedLoaderTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(e, TemplateDoesNotExist)
         self.assertEqual(e.args[0], 'debug-template-missing.html')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, "Python 2 doesn't set extra exception attributes")
     def test_cached_exception_no_traceback(self):
         """
         When a TemplateDoesNotExist instance is cached, the cached instance
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/test_nodelist.py b/tests/template_tests/test_nodelist.py
index 042702e3c0..b69e7c063b 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/test_nodelist.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/test_nodelist.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from unittest import TestCase
 
 from django.template import Context, Engine
 from django.template.base import TextNode, VariableNode
-from django.utils import six
 
 
 class NodelistTest(TestCase):
@@ -38,13 +37,11 @@ class TextNodeTest(TestCase):
     def test_textnode_repr(self):
         engine = Engine()
         for temptext, reprtext in [
-            ("Hello, world!", "<TextNode: u'Hello, world!'>"),
-            ("One\ntwo.", "<TextNode: u'One\\ntwo.'>"),
+            ("Hello, world!", "<TextNode: 'Hello, world!'>"),
+            ("One\ntwo.", "<TextNode: 'One\\ntwo.'>"),
         ]:
             template = engine.from_string(temptext)
             texts = template.nodelist.get_nodes_by_type(TextNode)
-            if six.PY3:
-                reprtext = reprtext.replace("u'", "'")
             self.assertEqual(repr(texts[0]), reprtext)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_runner/test_debug_sql.py b/tests/test_runner/test_debug_sql.py
index e230066100..c6b9b01dbc 100644
--- a/tests/test_runner/test_debug_sql.py
+++ b/tests/test_runner/test_debug_sql.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django.db import connection
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner
 from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 
 from .models import Person
 
@@ -43,8 +42,6 @@ class TestDebugSQL(unittest.TestCase):
         ).run(suite)
         runner.teardown_databases(old_config)
 
-        if six.PY2:
-            stream.buflist = [force_text(x) for x in stream.buflist]
         return stream.getvalue()
 
     def test_output_normal(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_runner/test_parallel.py b/tests/test_runner/test_parallel.py
index b888dc62af..08731f68eb 100644
--- a/tests/test_runner/test_parallel.py
+++ b/tests/test_runner/test_parallel.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import unittest
 
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.runner import RemoteTestResult
-from django.utils import six
 
 try:
     import tblib
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ class ParallelTestRunnerTest(SimpleTestCase):
     parallel.
     """
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(six.PY3, 'subtests were added in Python 3.4')
     def test_subtest(self):
         """
         Passing subtests work.
@@ -61,12 +59,10 @@ class RemoteTestResultTest(SimpleTestCase):
         result._confirm_picklable(picklable_error)
 
         msg = '__init__() missing 1 required positional argument'
-        if six.PY2:
-            msg = '__init__() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)'
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
             result._confirm_picklable(not_unpicklable_error)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(six.PY3 and tblib is not None, 'requires tblib to be installed')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(tblib is not None, 'requires tblib to be installed')
     def test_add_failing_subtests(self):
         """
         Failing subtests are added correctly using addSubTest().
diff --git a/tests/urlpatterns_reverse/tests.py b/tests/urlpatterns_reverse/tests.py
index a84e5bfb24..157479a579 100644
--- a/tests/urlpatterns_reverse/tests.py
+++ b/tests/urlpatterns_reverse/tests.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ Unit tests for reverse URL lookups.
 """
 import sys
 import threading
-import unittest
 
 from admin_scripts.tests import AdminScriptTestCase
 
@@ -430,7 +429,7 @@ class ResolverTests(SimpleTestCase):
             [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLPattern, 'name': None}],
             [{'type': RegexURLResolver}, {'type': RegexURLResolver}],
         ]
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(Resolver404, b'tried' if six.PY2 else 'tried') as cm:
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(Resolver404, 'tried') as cm:
             resolve('/included/non-existent-url', urlconf=urls)
         e = cm.exception
         # make sure we at least matched the root ('/') url resolver:
@@ -463,7 +462,6 @@ class ResolverTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(resolver._is_callback('urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.View3'))
         self.assertFalse(resolver._is_callback('urlpatterns_reverse.nested_urls.blub'))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, "Python 2 doesn't support __qualname__.")
     def test_view_detail_as_method(self):
         # Views which have a class name as part of their path.
         resolver = get_resolver('urlpatterns_reverse.method_view_urls')
@@ -503,11 +501,6 @@ class ReverseLazyTest(TestCase):
             'Some URL: %s' % reverse_lazy('some-login-page'),
             'Some URL: /login/'
         )
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertEqual(
-                b'Some URL: %s' % reverse_lazy('some-login-page'),
-                'Some URL: /login/'
-            )
 
 
 class ReverseLazySettingsTest(AdminScriptTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_encoding.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_encoding.py
index 1d6976fc77..b4e7b9c0ac 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_encoding.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_encoding.py
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ class TestEncodingUtils(unittest.TestCase):
 
             __unicode__ = __str__
 
-        # str(s) raises a TypeError on python 3 if the result is not a text type.
-        # python 2 fails when it tries converting from str to unicode (via ASCII).
-        exception = TypeError if six.PY3 else UnicodeError
-        with self.assertRaises(exception):
+        # str(s) raises a TypeError if the result is not a text type.
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             force_text(MyString())
 
     def test_force_text_lazy(self):
@@ -47,26 +45,15 @@ class TestEncodingUtils(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_smart_text(self):
         class Test:
-            if six.PY3:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return 'ŠĐĆŽćžšđ'
-            else:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return 'ŠĐĆŽćžšđ'.encode('utf-8')
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'ŠĐĆŽćžšđ'
 
         class TestU:
-            if six.PY3:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return 'ŠĐĆŽćžšđ'
-
-                def __bytes__(self):
-                    return b'Foo'
-            else:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return b'Foo'
-
-                def __unicode__(self):
-                    return '\u0160\u0110\u0106\u017d\u0107\u017e\u0161\u0111'
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'ŠĐĆŽćžšđ'
+
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return b'Foo'
 
         self.assertEqual(smart_text(Test()), '\u0160\u0110\u0106\u017d\u0107\u017e\u0161\u0111')
         self.assertEqual(smart_text(TestU()), '\u0160\u0110\u0106\u017d\u0107\u017e\u0161\u0111')
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_functional.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_functional.py
index f7b12724af..0ca534445f 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_functional.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_functional.py
@@ -38,18 +38,11 @@ class FunctionalTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_lazy_object_to_string(self):
 
         class Klazz(object):
-            if six.PY3:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return "Î am ā Ǩlâzz."
-
-                def __bytes__(self):
-                    return b"\xc3\x8e am \xc4\x81 binary \xc7\xa8l\xc3\xa2zz."
-            else:
-                def __unicode__(self):
-                    return "Î am ā Ǩlâzz."
-
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return b"\xc3\x8e am \xc4\x81 binary \xc7\xa8l\xc3\xa2zz."
+            def __str__(self):
+                return "Î am ā Ǩlâzz."
+
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return b"\xc3\x8e am \xc4\x81 binary \xc7\xa8l\xc3\xa2zz."
 
         t = lazy(lambda: Klazz(), Klazz)()
         self.assertEqual(six.text_type(t), "Î am ā Ǩlâzz.")
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_glob.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_glob.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5cd7fbbe28..0000000000
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_glob.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-from django.test import SimpleTestCase
-from django.utils.glob import glob_escape
-
-
-class TestUtilsGlob(SimpleTestCase):
-    def test_glob_escape(self):
-        filename = '/my/file?/name[with special chars*'
-        expected = '/my/file[?]/name[[]with special chars[*]'
-        filename_b = b'/my/file?/name[with special chars*'
-        expected_b = b'/my/file[?]/name[[]with special chars[*]'
-
-        self.assertEqual(glob_escape(filename), expected)
-        self.assertEqual(glob_escape(filename_b), expected_b)
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_html.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_html.py
index ec818318b4..8f887fd011 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_html.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_html.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
-from django.utils import html, safestring, six
+from django.utils import html, safestring
 from django.utils._os import upath
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from django.utils.functional import lazystr
@@ -168,12 +168,8 @@ class TestUtilsHtml(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_html_safe(self):
         @html.html_safe
         class HtmlClass(object):
-            if six.PY2:
-                def __unicode__(self):
-                    return "<h1>I'm a html class!</h1>"
-            else:
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return "<h1>I'm a html class!</h1>"
+            def __str__(self):
+                return "<h1>I'm a html class!</h1>"
 
         html_obj = HtmlClass()
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(HtmlClass, '__html__'))
@@ -181,34 +177,19 @@ class TestUtilsHtml(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(force_text(html_obj), html_obj.__html__())
 
     def test_html_safe_subclass(self):
-        if six.PY2:
-            class BaseClass(object):
-                def __html__(self):
-                    # defines __html__ on its own
-                    return 'some html content'
+        class BaseClass(object):
+            def __html__(self):
+                # defines __html__ on its own
+                return 'some html content'
 
-                def __unicode__(self):
-                    return 'some non html content'
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'some non html content'
 
-            @html.html_safe
-            class Subclass(BaseClass):
-                def __unicode__(self):
-                    # overrides __unicode__ and is marked as html_safe
-                    return 'some html safe content'
-        else:
-            class BaseClass(object):
-                def __html__(self):
-                    # defines __html__ on its own
-                    return 'some html content'
-
-                def __str__(self):
-                    return 'some non html content'
-
-            @html.html_safe
-            class Subclass(BaseClass):
-                def __str__(self):
-                    # overrides __str__ and is marked as html_safe
-                    return 'some html safe content'
+        @html.html_safe
+        class Subclass(BaseClass):
+            def __str__(self):
+                # overrides __str__ and is marked as html_safe
+                return 'some html safe content'
 
         subclass_obj = Subclass()
         self.assertEqual(force_text(subclass_obj), subclass_obj.__html__())
@@ -222,8 +203,7 @@ class TestUtilsHtml(SimpleTestCase):
                     return "<h1>I'm a html class!</h1>"
 
     def test_html_safe_doesnt_define_str(self):
-        method_name = '__unicode__()' if six.PY2 else '__str__()'
-        msg = "can't apply @html_safe to HtmlClass because it doesn't define %s." % method_name
+        msg = "can't apply @html_safe to HtmlClass because it doesn't define __str__()."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             @html.html_safe
             class HtmlClass(object):
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_http.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_http.py
index 30a8846021..281fb77fbb 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_http.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_http.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-import sys
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from django.test import ignore_warnings
-from django.utils import http, six
+from django.utils import http
 from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
 from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango21Warning
 
@@ -51,15 +50,10 @@ class TestUtilsHttp(unittest.TestCase):
         # reciprocity works
         for n in [0, 1, 1000, 1000000]:
             self.assertEqual(n, http.base36_to_int(http.int_to_base36(n)))
-        if six.PY2:
-            self.assertEqual(sys.maxint, http.base36_to_int(http.int_to_base36(sys.maxint)))
 
         # bad input
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             http.int_to_base36(-1)
-        if six.PY2:
-            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                http.int_to_base36(sys.maxint + 1)
         for n in ['1', 'foo', {1: 2}, (1, 2, 3), 3.141]:
             with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                 http.int_to_base36(n)
@@ -132,16 +126,6 @@ class TestUtilsHttp(unittest.TestCase):
                 "%s should be allowed" % good_url,
             )
 
-        if six.PY2:
-            # Check binary URLs, regression tests for #26308
-            self.assertTrue(
-                http.is_safe_url(b'https://testserver/', allowed_hosts={'testserver'}),
-                "binary URLs should be allowed on Python 2"
-            )
-            self.assertFalse(http.is_safe_url(b'\x08//example.com', allowed_hosts={'testserver'}))
-            self.assertTrue(http.is_safe_url('àview/'.encode('utf-8'), allowed_hosts={'testserver'}))
-            self.assertFalse(http.is_safe_url('àview'.encode('latin-1'), allowed_hosts={'testserver'}))
-
         # Valid basic auth credentials are allowed.
         self.assertTrue(http.is_safe_url(r'http://user:pass@testserver/', allowed_hosts={'user:pass@testserver'}))
         # A path without host is allowed.
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_simplelazyobject.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_simplelazyobject.py
index 8501b89e92..a83c78bf4c 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_simplelazyobject.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_simplelazyobject.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import pickle
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import TestCase
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils.functional import SimpleLazyObject
 
 
@@ -21,9 +20,3 @@ class TestUtilsSimpleLazyObjectDjangoTestCase(TestCase):
         pickle.dumps(x, 0)
         pickle.dumps(x, 1)
         pickle.dumps(x, 2)
-
-        if six.PY2:
-            import cPickle
-
-            # This would fail with "TypeError: expected string or Unicode object, NoneType found".
-            cPickle.dumps(x)
diff --git a/tests/view_tests/tests/py3_test_debug.py b/tests/view_tests/tests/py3_test_debug.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 30201bae53..0000000000
--- a/tests/view_tests/tests/py3_test_debug.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Since this file contains Python 3 specific syntax, it's named without a test_
-prefix so the test runner won't try to import it. Instead, the test class is
-imported in test_debug.py, but only on Python 3.
-
-This filename is also in setup.cfg flake8 exclude since the Python 2 syntax
-error (raise ... from ...) can't be silenced using NOQA.
-"""
-import sys
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory, TestCase
-from django.views.debug import ExceptionReporter
-
-
-class Py3ExceptionReporterTests(TestCase):
-
-    rf = RequestFactory()
-
-    def test_reporting_of_nested_exceptions(self):
-        request = self.rf.get('/test_view/')
-        try:
-            try:
-                raise AttributeError('Top level')
-            except AttributeError as explicit:
-                try:
-                    raise ValueError('Second exception') from explicit
-                except ValueError:
-                    raise IndexError('Final exception')
-        except Exception:
-            # Custom exception handler, just pass it into ExceptionReporter
-            exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
-
-        explicit_exc = 'The above exception ({0}) was the direct cause of the following exception:'
-        implicit_exc = 'During handling of the above exception ({0}), another exception occurred:'
-
-        reporter = ExceptionReporter(request, exc_type, exc_value, tb)
-        html = reporter.get_traceback_html()
-        # Both messages are twice on page -- one rendered as html,
-        # one as plain text (for pastebin)
-        self.assertEqual(2, html.count(explicit_exc.format("Top level")))
-        self.assertEqual(2, html.count(implicit_exc.format("Second exception")))
-
-        text = reporter.get_traceback_text()
-        self.assertIn(explicit_exc.format("Top level"), text)
-        self.assertIn(implicit_exc.format("Second exception"), text)
diff --git a/tests/view_tests/tests/test_debug.py b/tests/view_tests/tests/test_debug.py
index 19ab456ba5..1d8397c5ef 100644
--- a/tests/view_tests/tests/test_debug.py
+++ b/tests/view_tests/tests/test_debug.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from unittest import skipIf
 
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.core import mail
@@ -30,9 +29,6 @@ from ..views import (
     sensitive_method_view, sensitive_view,
 )
 
-if six.PY3:
-    from .py3_test_debug import Py3ExceptionReporterTests  # NOQA
-
 PY36 = sys.version_info >= (3, 6)
 
 
@@ -352,6 +348,34 @@ class ExceptionReporterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertIn('<h2>Request information</h2>', html)
         self.assertNotIn('<p>Request data not supplied</p>', html)
 
+    def test_reporting_of_nested_exceptions(self):
+        request = self.rf.get('/test_view/')
+        try:
+            try:
+                raise AttributeError('Top level')
+            except AttributeError as explicit:
+                try:
+                    raise ValueError('Second exception') from explicit
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise IndexError('Final exception')
+        except Exception:
+            # Custom exception handler, just pass it into ExceptionReporter
+            exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+
+        explicit_exc = 'The above exception ({0}) was the direct cause of the following exception:'
+        implicit_exc = 'During handling of the above exception ({0}), another exception occurred:'
+
+        reporter = ExceptionReporter(request, exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        html = reporter.get_traceback_html()
+        # Both messages are twice on page -- one rendered as html,
+        # one as plain text (for pastebin)
+        self.assertEqual(2, html.count(explicit_exc.format("Top level")))
+        self.assertEqual(2, html.count(implicit_exc.format("Second exception")))
+
+        text = reporter.get_traceback_text()
+        self.assertIn(explicit_exc.format("Top level"), text)
+        self.assertIn(implicit_exc.format("Second exception"), text)
+
     def test_request_and_message(self):
         "A message can be provided in addition to a request"
         request = self.rf.get('/test_view/')
@@ -426,11 +450,10 @@ class ExceptionReporterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(html) // 1024 // 128, 0)  # still fit in 128Kb
         self.assertIn('&lt;trimmed %d bytes string&gt;' % (large + repr_of_str_adds,), html)
 
-    @skipIf(six.PY2, 'Bug manifests on PY3 only')
     def test_unfrozen_importlib(self):
         """
         importlib is not a frozen app, but its loader thinks it's frozen which
-        results in an ImportError on Python 3. Refs #21443.
+        results in an ImportError. Refs #21443.
         """
         try:
             request = self.rf.get('/test_view/')
@@ -478,10 +501,7 @@ class ExceptionReporterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         An exception report can be generated for requests with 'items' in
         request GET, POST, FILES, or COOKIES QueryDicts.
         """
-        if six.PY3:
-            value = '<td>items</td><td class="code"><pre>&#39;Oops&#39;</pre></td>'
-        else:
-            value = '<td>items</td><td class="code"><pre>u&#39;Oops&#39;</pre></td>'
+        value = '<td>items</td><td class="code"><pre>&#39;Oops&#39;</pre></td>'
         # GET
         request = self.rf.get('/test_view/?items=Oops')
         reporter = ExceptionReporter(request, None, None, None)
@@ -597,20 +617,16 @@ class PlainTextReportTests(SimpleTestCase):
         An exception report can be generated for requests with 'items' in
         request GET, POST, FILES, or COOKIES QueryDicts.
         """
-        if six.PY3:
-            value = "items = 'Oops'"
-        else:
-            value = "items = u'Oops'"
         # GET
         request = self.rf.get('/test_view/?items=Oops')
         reporter = ExceptionReporter(request, None, None, None)
         text = reporter.get_traceback_text()
-        self.assertIn(value, text)
+        self.assertIn("items = 'Oops'", text)
         # POST
         request = self.rf.post('/test_view/', data={'items': 'Oops'})
         reporter = ExceptionReporter(request, None, None, None)
         text = reporter.get_traceback_text()
-        self.assertIn(value, text)
+        self.assertIn("items = 'Oops'", text)
         # FILES
         fp = six.StringIO('filecontent')
         request = self.rf.post('/test_view/', data={'name': 'filename', 'items': fp})
diff --git a/tests/view_tests/tests/test_i18n.py b/tests/view_tests/tests/test_i18n.py
index fc7be41594..d330b60ff7 100644
--- a/tests/view_tests/tests/test_i18n.py
+++ b/tests/view_tests/tests/test_i18n.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from django.test import (
 )
 from django.test.selenium import SeleniumTestCase
 from django.urls import reverse
-from django.utils import six
 from django.utils._os import upath
 from django.utils.translation import (
     LANGUAGE_SESSION_KEY, get_language, override,
@@ -193,10 +192,7 @@ class JsI18NTests(SimpleTestCase):
         for lang_code in ['es', 'fr', 'ru']:
             with override(lang_code):
                 catalog = gettext.translation('djangojs', locale_dir, [lang_code])
-                if six.PY3:
-                    trans_txt = catalog.gettext('this is to be translated')
-                else:
-                    trans_txt = catalog.ugettext('this is to be translated')
+                trans_txt = catalog.gettext('this is to be translated')
                 response = self.client.get('/jsi18n/')
                 # response content must include a line like:
                 # "this is to be translated": <value of trans_txt Python variable>