path: root/lib/git/utils.py

# utils.py
# Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Michael Trier (mtrier@gmail.com) and contributors
#
# This module is part of GitPython and is released under
# the BSD License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php

import os
import sys
import time
import tempfile

from gitdb.util import (
	stream_copy,
	make_sha
	)


def join_path(a, *p):
	"""Join path tokens together similar to os.path.join, but always use 
	'/' instead of possibly '\' on windows."""
	path = a
	for b in p:
		if b.startswith('/'):
			path += b[1:]
		elif path == '' or path.endswith('/'):
			path +=	 b
		else:
			path += '/' + b
	return path
	
def to_native_path_windows(path):
	return path.replace('/','\\')
	
def to_native_path_linux(path):
	return path.replace('\\','/')

if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
	to_native_path = to_native_path_windows
else:
	# no need for any work on linux
	def to_native_path_linux(path):
		return path
	to_native_path = to_native_path_linux

def join_path_native(a, *p):
	"""As join path, but makes sure an OS native path is returned. This is only 
	needed to play it safe on my dear windows and to assure nice paths that only 
	use '\'"""
	return to_native_path(join_path(a, *p))


class Stats(object):
	"""
	Represents stat information as presented by git at the end of a merge. It is 
	created from the output of a diff operation.
	
	``Example``::
	
	 c = Commit( sha1 )
	 s = c.stats
	 s.total		 # full-stat-dict
	 s.files		 # dict( filepath : stat-dict )
	 
	``stat-dict``
	
	A dictionary with the following keys and values::
	 
	  deletions = number of deleted lines as int
	  insertions = number of inserted lines as int
	  lines = total number of lines changed as int, or deletions + insertions
	  
	``full-stat-dict``
	
	In addition to the items in the stat-dict, it features additional information::
	
	 files = number of changed files as int
	
	"""
	__slots__ = ("total", "files")
	
	def __init__(self, total, files):
		self.total = total
		self.files = files

	@classmethod
	def _list_from_string(cls, repo, text):
		"""
		Create a Stat object from output retrieved by git-diff.
		
		Returns
			git.Stat
		"""
		hsh = {'total': {'insertions': 0, 'deletions': 0, 'lines': 0, 'files': 0}, 'files': {}}
		for line in text.splitlines():
			(raw_insertions, raw_deletions, filename) = line.split("\t")
			insertions = raw_insertions != '-' and int(raw_insertions) or 0
			deletions = raw_deletions != '-' and int(raw_deletions) or 0
			hsh['total']['insertions'] += insertions
			hsh['total']['deletions'] += deletions
			hsh['total']['lines'] += insertions + deletions
			hsh['total']['files'] += 1
			hsh['files'][filename.strip()] = {'insertions': insertions,
											  'deletions': deletions,
											  'lines': insertions + deletions}
		return Stats(hsh['total'], hsh['files'])


class IndexFileSHA1Writer(object):
	"""
	Wrapper around a file-like object that remembers the SHA1 of 
	the data written to it. It will write a sha when the stream is closed
	or if the asked for explicitly usign write_sha.
	
	Only useful to the indexfile
	
	Note:
		Based on the dulwich project
	"""
	__slots__ = ("f", "sha1")
	
	def __init__(self, f):
		self.f = f
		self.sha1 = make_sha("")

	def write(self, data):
		self.sha1.update(data)
		return self.f.write(data)

	def write_sha(self):
		sha = self.sha1.digest()
		self.f.write(sha)
		return sha

	def close(self):
		sha = self.write_sha()
		self.f.close()
		return sha

	def tell(self):
		return self.f.tell()


class LockFile(object):
	"""
	Provides methods to obtain, check for, and release a file based lock which 
	should be used to handle concurrent access to the same file.
	
	As we are a utility class to be derived from, we only use protected methods.
	
	Locks will automatically be released on destruction """
	__slots__ = ("_file_path", "_owns_lock")
	
	def __init__(self, file_path):
		self._file_path = file_path
		self._owns_lock = False
	
	def __del__(self):
		self._release_lock()
	
	def _lock_file_path(self):
		"""
		Return
			Path to lockfile
		"""
		return "%s.lock" % (self._file_path)
	
	def _has_lock(self):
		"""
		Return
			True if we have a lock and if the lockfile still exists
			
		Raise
			AssertionError if our lock-file does not exist
		"""
		if not self._owns_lock:
			return False
		
		return True
		
	def _obtain_lock_or_raise(self):
		"""
		Create a lock file as flag for other instances, mark our instance as lock-holder
		
		Raise
			IOError if a lock was already present or a lock file could not be written
		"""
		if self._has_lock():
			return 
		lock_file = self._lock_file_path()
		if os.path.isfile(lock_file):
			raise IOError("Lock for file %r did already exist, delete %r in case the lock is illegal" % (self._file_path, lock_file))
			
		try:
			fd = os.open(lock_file, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL, 0)
			os.close(fd)
		except OSError,e:
			raise IOError(str(e))
		
		self._owns_lock = True
		
	def _obtain_lock(self):
		"""
		The default implementation will raise if a lock cannot be obtained.
		Subclasses may override this method to provide a different implementation
		"""
		return self._obtain_lock_or_raise()
		
	def _release_lock(self):
		"""
		Release our lock if we have one
		"""
		if not self._has_lock():
			return
			
		# if someone removed our file beforhand, lets just flag this issue
		# instead of failing, to make it more usable.
		lfp = self._lock_file_path()
		try:
			os.remove(lfp)
		except OSError:
			pass
		self._owns_lock = False


class BlockingLockFile(LockFile):
	"""The lock file will block until a lock could be obtained, or fail after 
	a specified timeout.
	
	:note: If the directory containing the lock was removed, an exception will 
		be raised during the blocking period, preventing hangs as the lock 
		can never be obtained."""
	__slots__ = ("_check_interval", "_max_block_time")
	def __init__(self, file_path, check_interval_s=0.3, max_block_time_s=sys.maxint):
		"""Configure the instance
		
		``check_interval_s``
			Period of time to sleep until the lock is checked the next time.
			By default, it waits a nearly unlimited time
		
		``max_block_time_s``
			Maximum amount of seconds we may lock
		"""
		super(BlockingLockFile, self).__init__(file_path)
		self._check_interval = check_interval_s
		self._max_block_time = max_block_time_s
		
	def _obtain_lock(self):
		"""This method blocks until it obtained the lock, or raises IOError if 
		it ran out of time or if the parent directory was not available anymore.
		If this method returns, you are guranteed to own the lock"""
		starttime = time.time()
		maxtime = starttime + float(self._max_block_time)
		while True:
			try:
				super(BlockingLockFile, self)._obtain_lock()
			except IOError:
				# synity check: if the directory leading to the lockfile is not
				# readable anymore, raise an execption
				curtime = time.time()
				if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(self._lock_file_path())):
					msg = "Directory containing the lockfile %r was not readable anymore after waiting %g seconds" % (self._lock_file_path(), curtime - starttime)
					raise IOError(msg)
				# END handle missing directory
				
				if curtime >= maxtime:
					msg = "Waited %g seconds for lock at %r" % ( maxtime - starttime, self._lock_file_path())
					raise IOError(msg)
				# END abort if we wait too long
				time.sleep(self._check_interval)
			else:
				break
		# END endless loop
	
	
class FDStreamWrapper(object):
	"""A simple wrapper providing the most basic functions on a file descriptor 
	with the fileobject interface. Cannot use os.fdopen as the resulting stream
	takes ownership"""
	__slots__ = ("_fd", '_pos')
	def __init__(self, fd):
		self._fd = fd
		self._pos = 0
		
	def write(self, data):
		self._pos += len(data)
		os.write(self._fd, data)
	
	def read(self, count=0):
		if count == 0:
			count = os.path.getsize(self._filepath)
		# END handle read everything
			
		bytes = os.read(self._fd, count)
		self._pos += len(bytes)
		return bytes
		
	def fileno(self):
		return self._fd
		
	def tell(self):
		return self._pos
			
	
class LockedFD(LockFile):
	"""This class facilitates a safe read and write operation to a file on disk.
	If we write to 'file', we obtain a lock file at 'file.lock' and write to 
	that instead. If we succeed, the lock file will be renamed to overwrite 
	the original file.
	
	When reading, we obtain a lock file, but to prevent other writers from 
	succeeding while we are reading the file.
	
	This type handles error correctly in that it will assure a consistent state 
	on destruction.
	
	:note: with this setup, parallel reading is not possible"""
	__slots__ = ("_filepath", '_fd', '_write')
	
	def __init__(self, filepath):
		"""Initialize an instance with the givne filepath"""
		self._filepath = filepath
		self._fd = None
		self._write = None			# if True, we write a file
	
	def __del__(self):
		# will do nothing if the file descriptor is already closed
		if self._fd is not None:
			self.rollback()
		
	def _lockfilepath(self):
		return "%s.lock" % self._filepath
		
	def open(self, write=False, stream=False):
		"""Open the file descriptor for reading or writing, both in binary mode.
		:param write: if True, the file descriptor will be opened for writing. Other
			wise it will be opened read-only.
		:param stream: if True, the file descriptor will be wrapped into a simple stream 
			object which supports only reading or writing
		:return: fd to read from or write to. It is still maintained by this instance
			and must not be closed directly
		:raise IOError: if the lock could not be retrieved
		:raise OSError: If the actual file could not be opened for reading
		:note: must only be called once"""
		if self._write is not None:
			raise AssertionError("Called %s multiple times" % self.open)
		
		self._write = write
		
		# try to open the lock file
		binary = getattr(os, 'O_BINARY', 0)
		lockmode = 	os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | binary
		try:
			fd = os.open(self._lockfilepath(), lockmode)
			if not write:
				os.close(fd)
			else:
				self._fd = fd
			# END handle file descriptor
		except OSError:
			raise IOError("Lock at %r could not be obtained" % self._lockfilepath())
		# END handle lock retrieval
		
		# open actual file if required
		if self._fd is None:
			# we could specify exlusive here, as we obtained the lock anyway
			self._fd = os.open(self._filepath, os.O_RDONLY | binary)
		# END open descriptor for reading
		
		if stream:
			return FDStreamWrapper(self._fd)
		else:
			return self._fd
		# END handle stream
		
	def commit(self):
		"""When done writing, call this function to commit your changes into the 
		actual file. 
		The file descriptor will be closed, and the lockfile handled.
		:note: can be called multiple times"""
		self._end_writing(successful=True)
		
	def rollback(self):
		"""Abort your operation without any changes. The file descriptor will be 
		closed, and the lock released.
		:note: can be called multiple times"""
		self._end_writing(successful=False)
		
	def _end_writing(self, successful=True):
		"""Handle the lock according to the write mode """
		if self._write is None:
			raise AssertionError("Cannot end operation if it wasn't started yet")
		
		if self._fd is None:
			return
		
		os.close(self._fd)
		self._fd = None
		
		lockfile = self._lockfilepath()
		if self._write and successful:
			# on windows, rename does not silently overwrite the existing one
			if sys.platform == "win32":
				if os.path.isfile(self._filepath):
					os.remove(self._filepath)
				# END remove if exists
			# END win32 special handling
			os.rename(lockfile, self._filepath)
		else:
			# just delete the file so far, we failed
			os.remove(lockfile)
		# END successful handling
	


class LazyMixin(object):
	"""
	Base class providing an interface to lazily retrieve attribute values upon 
	first access. If slots are used, memory will only be reserved once the attribute
	is actually accessed and retrieved the first time. All future accesses will 
	return the cached value as stored in the Instance's dict or slot.
	"""
	__slots__ = tuple()
	
	def __getattr__(self, attr):
		"""
		Whenever an attribute is requested that we do not know, we allow it 
		to be created and set. Next time the same attribute is reqeusted, it is simply
		returned from our dict/slots.
		"""
		self._set_cache_(attr)
		# will raise in case the cache was not created
		return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)

	def _set_cache_(self, attr):
		""" This method should be overridden in the derived class. 
		It should check whether the attribute named by attr can be created
		and cached. Do nothing if you do not know the attribute or call your subclass
		
		The derived class may create as many additional attributes as it deems 
		necessary in case a git command returns more information than represented 
		in the single attribute."""
		pass


class IterableList(list):
	"""
	List of iterable objects allowing to query an object by id or by named index::
	 
	 heads = repo.heads
	 heads.master
	 heads['master']
	 heads[0]
	 
	It requires an id_attribute name to be set which will be queried from its 
	contained items to have a means for comparison.
	
	A prefix can be specified which is to be used in case the id returned by the 
	items always contains a prefix that does not matter to the user, so it 
	can be left out.
	"""
	__slots__ = ('_id_attr', '_prefix')
	
	def __new__(cls, id_attr, prefix=''):
		return super(IterableList,cls).__new__(cls)
		
	def __init__(self, id_attr, prefix=''):
		self._id_attr = id_attr
		self._prefix = prefix
		
	def __getattr__(self, attr):
		attr = self._prefix + attr
		for item in self:
			if getattr(item, self._id_attr) == attr:
				return item
		# END for each item
		return list.__getattribute__(self, attr)
		
	def __getitem__(self, index):
		if isinstance(index, int):
			return list.__getitem__(self,index)
		
		try:
			return getattr(self, index)
		except AttributeError:
			raise IndexError( "No item found with id %r" % (self._prefix + index) )

class Iterable(object):
	"""
	Defines an interface for iterable items which is to assure a uniform 
	way to retrieve and iterate items within the git repository
	"""
	__slots__ = tuple()
	_id_attribute_ = "attribute that most suitably identifies your instance"
	
	@classmethod
	def list_items(cls, repo, *args, **kwargs):
		"""
		Find all items of this type - subclasses can specify args and kwargs differently.
		If no args are given, subclasses are obliged to return all items if no additional 
		arguments arg given.
		
		Note: Favor the iter_items method as it will 
		
		Returns:
			list(Item,...) list of item instances 
		"""
		out_list = IterableList( cls._id_attribute_ )
		out_list.extend(cls.iter_items(repo, *args, **kwargs))
		return out_list
		
		
	@classmethod
	def iter_items(cls, repo, *args, **kwargs):
		"""
		For more information about the arguments, see list_items
		Return: 
			iterator yielding Items
		"""
		raise NotImplementedError("To be implemented by Subclass")