DOC: add a Code of Conduct document.

Discussed and accepted in this thread:
https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2018-July/078476.html

Will be linked from https://scipy.org/codes-of-conduct.html and from the
GitHub community profile (https://github.com/numpy/numpy/community)

4 files changed, 384 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md b/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57c98060e
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+++ b/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+NumPy has a Code of Conduct, please see: https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html
diff --git a/doc/source/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.rst b/doc/source/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..604f14662
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+++ b/doc/source/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+NumPy Code of Conduct
+=====================
+
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+This code of conduct applies to all spaces managed by the NumPy project,
+including all public and private mailing lists, issue trackers, wikis, blogs,
+Twitter, and any other communication channel used by our community.  The NumPy
+project does not organise in-person events, however events related to our
+community should have a code of conduct similar in spirit to this one.
+
+This code of conduct should be honored by everyone who participates in
+the NumPy community formally or informally, or claims any affiliation with the
+project, in any project-related activities and especially when representing the
+project, in any role.
+
+This code is not exhaustive or complete. It serves to distill our common
+understanding of a collaborative, shared environment and goals. Please try to
+follow this code in spirit as much as in letter, to create a friendly and
+productive environment that enriches the surrounding community.
+
+
+Specific Guidelines
+-------------------
+
+We strive to:
+
+1. Be open. We invite anyone to participate in our community. We prefer to use
+   public methods of communication for project-related messages, unless
+   discussing something sensitive. This applies to messages for help or
+   project-related support, too; not only is a public support request much more
+   likely to result in an answer to a question, it also ensures that any
+   inadvertent mistakes in answering are more easily detected and corrected.
+
+2. Be empathetic, welcoming, friendly, and patient. We work together to resolve
+   conflict, and assume good intentions. We may all experience some frustration
+   from time to time, but we do not allow frustration to turn into a personal
+   attack. A community where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a
+   productive one.
+
+3. Be collaborative. Our work will be used by other people, and in turn we will
+   depend on the work of others. When we make something for the benefit of the
+   project, we are willing to explain to others how it works, so that they can
+   build on the work to make it even better. Any decision we make will affect
+   users and colleagues, and we take those consequences seriously when making
+   decisions.
+
+4. Be inquisitive. Nobody knows everything! Asking questions early avoids many
+   problems later, so we encourage questions, although we may direct them to
+   the appropriate forum. We will try hard to be responsive and helpful.
+
+5. Be careful in the words that we choose.  We are careful and respectful in
+   our communication and we take responsibility for our own speech. Be kind to
+   others. Do not insult or put down other participants.  We will not accept
+   harassment or other exclusionary behaviour, such as:
+
+    - Violent threats or language directed against another person.
+    - Sexist, racist, or otherwise discriminatory jokes and language.
+    - Posting sexually explicit or violent material.
+    - Posting (or threatening to post) other people's personally identifying information ("doxing").
+    - Sharing private content, such as emails sent privately or non-publicly,
+      or unlogged forums such as IRC channel history, without the sender's consent.
+    - Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.
+    - Unwelcome sexual attention.
+    - Excessive profanity. Please avoid swearwords; people differ greatly in their sensitivity to swearing.
+    - Repeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop.
+    - Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behaviour.
+
+
+Diversity Statement
+-------------------
+
+The NumPy project welcomes and encourages participation by everyone. We are
+committed to being a community that everyone enjoys being part of. Although
+we may not always be able to accommodate each individual's preferences, we try
+our best to treat everyone kindly.
+
+No matter how you identify yourself or how others perceive you: we welcome you.
+Though no list can hope to be comprehensive, we explicitly honour diversity in:
+age, culture, ethnicity, genotype, gender identity or expression, language,
+national origin, neurotype, phenotype, political beliefs, profession, race,
+religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, subculture and technical
+ability, to the extent that these do not conflict with this code of conduct.
+
+
+Though we welcome people fluent in all languages, NumPy development is
+conducted in English.
+
+Standards for behaviour in the NumPy community are detailed in the Code of
+Conduct above. Participants in our community should uphold these standards
+in all their interactions and help others to do so as well (see next section).
+
+
+Reporting Guidelines
+--------------------
+
+We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or
+devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse.  We also recognize that sometimes
+people may have a bad day, or be unaware of some of the guidelines in this Code
+of Conduct. Please keep this in mind when deciding on how to respond to a
+breach of this Code.
+
+For clearly intentional breaches, report those to the Code of Conduct committee
+(see below). For possibly unintentional breaches, you may reply to the person
+and point out this code of conduct (either in public or in private, whatever is
+most appropriate). If you would prefer not to do that, please feel free to
+report to the Code of Conduct Committee directly, or ask the Committee for
+advice, in confidence.
+
+You can report issues to the NumPy Code of Conduct committee, at
+numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com. Currently, the committee consists of:
+
+- Stefan van der Walt
+- Nathaniel J. Smith
+- Ralf Gommers
+
+If your report involves any members of the committee, or if they feel they have
+a conflict of interest in handling it, then they will recuse themselves from
+considering your report. Alternatively, if for any reason you feel
+uncomfortable making a report to the committee, then you can also contact:
+
+- NumFOCUS Executive Director: Leah Silen
+- NumFOCUS President: Andy Terrel
+
+
+Incident reporting resolution & Code of Conduct enforcement
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+*This section summarizes the most important points, more details can be found
+in* :ref:`CoC_reporting_manual`.
+
+We will investigate and respond to all complaints. The NumPy Code of Conduct
+Committee and the NumPy Steering Committee (if involved) will protect the
+identity of the reporter, and treat the content of complaints as confidential
+(unless the reporter agrees otherwise).
+
+In case of severe and obvious breaches, e.g. personal threat or violent, sexist
+or racist language, we will immediately disconnect the originator from NumPy
+communication channels; please see the manual for details.
+
+In cases not involving clear severe and obvious breaches of this code of
+conduct, the process for acting on any received code of conduct violation
+report will be:
+
+1. acknowledge report is received
+2. reasonable discussion/feedback
+3. mediation (if feedback didn't help, and only if both reporter and reportee agree to this)
+4. enforcement via transparent decision (see :ref:`CoC_resolutions`) by the
+   Code of Conduct Committee
+
+The committee will respond to any report as soon as possible, and at most
+within 72 hours.
+
+
+Endnotes
+--------
+
+We are thankful to the groups behind the following documents, from which we
+drew content and inspiration:
+
+- `The SciPy Code of Conduct <https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html>`_
+
diff --git a/doc/source/dev/conduct/report_handling_manual.rst b/doc/source/dev/conduct/report_handling_manual.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f5e32f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/source/dev/conduct/report_handling_manual.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+.. _CoC_reporting_manual:
+
+NumPy Code of Conduct - How to follow up on a report
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+This is the manual followed by NumPy's Code of Conduct Committee. It's used
+when we respond to an issue to make sure we're consistent and fair.
+
+Enforcing the Code of Conduct impacts our community today and for the future.
+It's an action that we do not take lightly. When reviewing enforcement
+measures, the Code of Conduct Committee will keep the following values and
+guidelines in mind:
+
+* Act in a personal manner rather than impersonal.  The Committee can engage
+  the parties to understand the situation, while respecting the privacy and any
+  necessary confidentiality of reporters.  However, sometimes it is necessary
+  to communicate with one or more individuals directly: the Committee's goal is
+  to improve the health of our community rather than only produce a formal
+  decision.
+
+* Emphasize empathy for individuals rather than judging behavior, avoiding
+  binary labels of "good" and "bad/evil". Overt, clear-cut aggression and
+  harassment exists and we will be address that firmly.  But many scenarios
+  that can prove challenging to resolve are those where normal disagreements
+  devolve into unhelpful or harmful behavior from multiple parties.
+  Understanding the full context and finding a path that re-engages all is
+  hard, but ultimately the most productive for our community.
+
+* We understand that email is a difficult medium and can be isolating.
+  Receiving criticism over email, without personal contact, can be
+  particularly painful.  This makes it especially important to keep an
+  atmosphere of open-minded respect of the views of others.  It also means
+  that we must be transparent in our actions, and that we will do everything
+  in our power to make sure that all our members are treated fairly and with
+  sympathy.
+
+* Discrimination can be subtle and it can be unconscious. It can show itself
+  as unfairness and hostility in otherwise ordinary interactions.  We know
+  that this does occur, and we will take care to look out for it.  We would
+  very much like to hear from you if you feel you have been treated unfairly,
+  and we will use these procedures to make sure that your complaint is heard
+  and addressed.
+
+* Help increase engagement in good discussion practice: try to identify where
+  discussion may have broken down and provide actionable information, pointers
+  and resources that can lead to positive change on these points.
+
+* Be mindful of the needs of new members: provide them with explicit support
+  and consideration, with the aim of increasing participation from
+  underrepresented groups in particular.
+
+* Individuals come from different cultural backgrounds and native languages.
+  Try to identify any honest misunderstandings caused by a non-native speaker
+  and help them understand the issue and what they can change to avoid causing
+  offence.  Complex discussion in a foreign language can be very intimidating,
+  and we want to grow our diversity also across nationalities and cultures.
+
+*Mediation*: voluntary, informal mediation is a tool at our disposal.  In
+contexts such as when two or more parties have all escalated to the point of
+inappropriate behavior (something sadly common in human conflict), it may be
+useful to facilitate a mediation process. This is only an example: the
+Committee can consider mediation in any case, mindful that the process is meant
+to be strictly voluntary and no party can be pressured to participate. If the
+Committee suggests mediation, it should:
+
+* Find a candidate who can serve as a mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reporter(s). The reporter(s) have complete
+  freedom to decline the mediation idea, or to propose an alternate mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reported person(s).
+* Settle on the mediator: while parties can propose a different mediator than
+  the suggested candidate, only if common agreement is reached on all terms can
+  the process move forward.
+* Establish a timeline for mediation to complete, ideally within two weeks.
+
+The mediator will engage with all the parties and seek a resolution that is
+satisfactory to all.  Upon completion, the mediator will provide a report
+(vetted by all parties to the process) to the Committee, with recommendations
+on further steps.  The Committee will then evaluate these results (whether
+satisfactory resolution was achieved or not) and decide on any additional
+action deemed necessary.
+
+
+How the committee will respond to reports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When the committee (or a committee member) receives a report, they will first
+determine whether the report is about a clear and severe breach (as defined
+below).  If so, immediate action needs to be taken in addition to the regular
+report handling process.
+
+Clear and severe breach actions
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or
+devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse.  We will deal quickly with clear and
+severe breaches like personal threats, violent, sexist or racist language.
+
+When a member of the Code of Conduct committee becomes aware of a clear and
+severe breach, they will do the following:
+
+* Immediately disconnect the originator from all NumPy communication channels.
+* Reply to the reporter that their report has been received and that the
+  originator has been disconnected.
+* In every case, the moderator should make a reasonable effort to contact the
+  originator, and tell them specifically how their language or actions
+  qualify as a "clear and severe breach".  The moderator should also say
+  that, if the originator believes this is unfair or they want to be
+  reconnected to NumPy, they have the right to ask for a review, as below, by
+  the Code of Conduct Committee.
+  The moderator should copy this explanation to the Code of Conduct Committee.
+* The Code of Conduct Committee will formally review and sign off on all cases
+  where this mechanism has been applied to make sure it is not being used to
+  control ordinary heated disagreement.
+
+Report handling
++++++++++++++++
+
+When a report is sent to the committee they will immediately reply to the
+reporter to confirm receipt. This reply must be sent within 72 hours, and the
+group should strive to respond much quicker than that.
+
+If a report doesn't contain enough information, the committee will obtain all
+relevant data before acting. The committee is empowered to act on the Steering
+Council’s behalf in contacting any individuals involved to get a more complete
+account of events.
+
+The committee will then review the incident and determine, to the best of their
+ability:
+
+* What happened.
+* Whether this event constitutes a Code of Conduct violation.
+* Who are the responsible party(ies).
+* Whether this is an ongoing situation, and there is a threat to anyone's
+  physical safety.
+
+This information will be collected in writing, and whenever possible the
+group's deliberations will be recorded and retained (i.e. chat transcripts,
+email discussions, recorded conference calls, summaries of voice conversations,
+etc).
+
+It is important to retain an archive of all activities of this committee to
+ensure consistency in behavior and provide institutional memory for the
+project.  To assist in this, the default channel of discussion for this
+committee will be a private mailing list accessible to current and future
+members of the committee as well as members of the Steering Council upon
+justified request. If the Committee finds the need to use off-list
+communications (e.g. phone calls for early/rapid response), it should in all
+cases summarize these back to the list so there's a good record of the process.
+
+The Code of Conduct Committee should aim to have a resolution agreed upon within
+two weeks. In the event that a resolution can't be determined in that time, the
+committee will respond to the reporter(s) with an update and projected timeline
+for resolution.
+
+
+.. _CoC_resolutions:
+
+Resolutions
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The committee must agree on a resolution by consensus. If the group cannot reach
+consensus and deadlocks for over a week, the group will turn the matter over to
+the Steering Council for resolution.
+
+
+Possible responses may include:
+
+* Taking no further action
+
+  - if we determine no violations have occurred.
+  - if the matter has been resolved publicly while the committee was considering responses.
+
+* Coordinating voluntary mediation: if all involved parties agree, the
+  Committee may facilitate a mediation process as detailed above.
+* Remind publicly, and point out that some behavior/actions/language have been
+  judged inappropriate and why in the current context, or can but hurtful to
+  some people, requesting the community to self-adjust.
+* A private reprimand from the committee to the individual(s) involved. In this
+  case, the group chair will deliver that reprimand to the individual(s) over
+  email, cc'ing the group.
+* A public reprimand. In this case, the committee chair will deliver that
+  reprimand in the same venue that the violation occurred, within the limits of
+  practicality. E.g., the original mailing list for an email violation, but
+  for a chat room discussion where the person/context may be gone, they can be
+  reached by other means. The group may choose to publish this message
+  elsewhere for documentation purposes.
+* A request for a public or private apology, assuming the reporter agrees to
+  this idea: they may at their discretion refuse further contact with the
+  violator. The chair will deliver this request. The committee may, if it
+  chooses, attach "strings" to this request: for example, the group may ask a
+  violator to apologize in order to retain one’s membership on a mailing list.
+* A "mutually agreed upon hiatus" where the committee asks the individual to
+  temporarily refrain from community participation. If the individual chooses
+  not to take a temporary break voluntarily, the committee may issue a
+  "mandatory cooling off period".
+* A permanent or temporary ban from some or all NumPy spaces (mailing lists,
+  gitter.im, etc.). The group will maintain records of all such bans so that
+  they may be reviewed in the future or otherwise maintained.
+
+Once a resolution is agreed upon, but before it is enacted, the committee will
+contact the original reporter and any other affected parties and explain the
+proposed resolution. The committee will ask if this resolution is acceptable,
+and must note feedback for the record.
+
+Finally, the committee will make a report to the NumPy Steering Council (as
+well as the NumPy core team in the event of an ongoing resolution, such as a
+ban).
+
+The committee will never publicly discuss the issue; all public statements will
+be made by the chair of the Code of Conduct Committee or the NumPy Steering
+Council.
+
+
+Conflicts of Interest
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In the event of any conflict of interest, a committee member must immediately
+notify the other members, and recuse themselves if necessary.
diff --git a/doc/source/dev/index.rst b/doc/source/dev/index.rst
index 04c84eb61..9ce04cc1b 100644
--- a/doc/source/dev/index.rst
+++ b/doc/source/dev/index.rst
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Contributing to NumPy
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 3
 
+   conduct/code_of_conduct
    gitwash/index
    development_environment
    releasing