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author | Ralf Gommers <ralf.gommers@googlemail.com> | 2012-03-03 21:20:13 +0100 |
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committer | Ralf Gommers <ralf.gommers@googlemail.com> | 2012-03-03 22:34:02 +0100 |
commit | f4dd54aa614b263950b7a57329eb0ab9a2f2eadf (patch) | |
tree | ef7178a9b7801f42c31290624faf76a1cf5b969c /numpy/fft/info.py | |
parent | 91f87e1f613630ff0ad9864017f059afcd6e57f1 (diff) | |
download | numpy-f4dd54aa614b263950b7a57329eb0ab9a2f2eadf.tar.gz |
DOC: merge wiki doc edits.
Diffstat (limited to 'numpy/fft/info.py')
-rw-r--r-- | numpy/fft/info.py | 22 |
1 files changed, 13 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/numpy/fft/info.py b/numpy/fft/info.py index 890b2add2..f36a07ebf 100644 --- a/numpy/fft/info.py +++ b/numpy/fft/info.py @@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ Discrete Fourier Transform (:mod:`numpy.fft`) .. currentmodule:: numpy.fft - Standard FFTs ------------- @@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ Real FFTs rfftn Real discrete Fourier transform in N dimensions. irfftn Inverse real discrete Fourier transform in N dimensions. - Hermitian FFTs -------------- @@ -41,7 +39,6 @@ Hermitian FFTs hfft Hermitian discrete Fourier transform. ihfft Inverse Hermitian discrete Fourier transform. - Helper routines --------------- @@ -52,11 +49,12 @@ Helper routines fftshift Shift zero-frequency component to center of spectrum. ifftshift Inverse of fftshift. + Background information ---------------------- Fourier analysis is fundamentally a method for expressing a function as a -sum of periodic components, and for recovering the signal from those +sum of periodic components, and for recovering the function from those components. When both the function and its Fourier transform are replaced with discretized counterparts, it is called the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The DFT has become a mainstay of numerical computing in @@ -74,6 +72,9 @@ referred to as a *signal*, which exists in the *time domain*. The output is called a *spectrum* or *transform* and exists in the *frequency domain*. +Implementation details +---------------------- + There are many ways to define the DFT, varying in the sign of the exponent, normalization, etc. In this implementation, the DFT is defined as @@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ For an even number of input points, ``A[n/2]`` represents both positive and negative Nyquist frequency, and is also purely real for real input. For an odd number of input points, ``A[(n-1)/2]`` contains the largest positive frequency, while ``A[(n+1)/2]`` contains the largest negative frequency. -The routine ``np.fft.fftfreq(A)`` returns an array giving the frequencies +The routine ``np.fft.fftfreq(n)`` returns an array giving the frequencies of corresponding elements in the output. The routine ``np.fft.fftshift(A)`` shifts transforms and their frequencies to put the zero-frequency components in the middle, and ``np.fft.ifftshift(A)`` undoes @@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ It differs from the forward transform by the sign of the exponential argument and the normalization by :math:`1/n`. Real and Hermitian transforms -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +----------------------------- When the input is purely real, its transform is Hermitian, i.e., the component at frequency :math:`f_k` is the complex conjugate of the @@ -142,18 +143,21 @@ also be a faster way to compute large convolutions, using the property that a convolution in the time domain is equivalent to a point-by-point multiplication in the frequency domain. +Higher dimensions +----------------- + In two dimensions, the DFT is defined as .. math:: A_{kl} = \\sum_{m=0}^{M-1} \\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} a_{mn}\\exp\\left\\{-2\\pi i \\left({mk\\over M}+{nl\\over N}\\right)\\right\\} - \\qquad k = 0, \\ldots, N-1;\\quad l = 0, \\ldots, M-1, + \\qquad k = 0, \\ldots, M-1;\\quad l = 0, \\ldots, N-1, which extends in the obvious way to higher dimensions, and the inverses in higher dimensions also extend in the same way. References -^^^^^^^^^^ +---------- .. [CT] Cooley, James W., and John W. Tukey, 1965, "An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series," *Math. Comput.* @@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ References 12-13. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. Examples -^^^^^^^^ +-------- For examples, see the various functions. |