ENH: add type stubs from numpy-stubs

Add the type stubs and tests from numpy-stubs. Things this entails:

- Copy over the stubs (numpy/__init__.pyi and
  numpy/core/_internal.pyi)
  - The only modification made was removing `ndarray.tostring` since
    it is deprecated
- Update some setup.py files to include pyi files
- Move the tests from numpy-stubs/tests into numpy/tests
  - Skip them if mypy is not installed (planning on setting up CI in a
    future PR)
  - Add a mypy.ini; use it to configure mypy in the tests
    - It tells mypy where to find NumPy in the test env
    - It ignores internal NumPy type errors (since we only want to
      consider errors from the tests cases)
  - Some small edits were made to fix test cases that were emitting
    deprecation warnings
 - Add numpy/py.typed so that the types are picked up in an
   installed version of NumPy

1 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/numpy/tests/fail/array_like.py b/numpy/tests/fail/array_like.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5ef5795f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/numpy/tests/fail/array_like.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import Any, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import numpy as np
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from numpy.typing import ArrayLike
+else:
+    ArrayLike = Any
+
+
+class A:
+    pass
+
+
+x1: ArrayLike = (i for i in range(10))  # E: Incompatible types in assignment
+x2: ArrayLike = A()  # E: Incompatible types in assignment
+x3: ArrayLike = {1: "foo", 2: "bar"}  # E: Incompatible types in assignment
+
+scalar = np.int64(1)
+scalar.__array__(dtype=np.float64)  # E: Unexpected keyword argument
+array = np.array([1])
+array.__array__(dtype=np.float64)  # E: Unexpected keyword argument