MAINT: Move set_module to numpy.core to use without C import

20 files changed, 58 insertions, 52 deletions

diff --git a/numpy/_globals.py b/numpy/_globals.py
index 1e4f26cd8..555777167 100644
--- a/numpy/_globals.py
+++ b/numpy/_globals.py
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ motivated this module.
 """
 import enum
 
-__ALL__ = [
+from ._utils import set_module as _set_module
+
+__all__ = [
     'ModuleDeprecationWarning', 'VisibleDeprecationWarning',
     '_NoValue', '_CopyMode'
     ]
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ if '_is_loaded' in globals():
 _is_loaded = True
 
 
+@_set_module("numpy")
 class ModuleDeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
     """Module deprecation warning.
 
@@ -41,9 +44,7 @@ class ModuleDeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
     """
 
 
-ModuleDeprecationWarning.__module__ = 'numpy'
-
-
+@_set_module("numpy")
 class VisibleDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
     """Visible deprecation warning.
 
@@ -54,9 +55,6 @@ class VisibleDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
     """
 
 
-VisibleDeprecationWarning.__module__ = 'numpy'
-
-
 class _NoValueType:
     """Special keyword value.
 
@@ -90,6 +88,7 @@ class _NoValueType:
 _NoValue = _NoValueType()
 
 
+@_set_module("numpy")
 class _CopyMode(enum.Enum):
     """
     An enumeration for the copy modes supported
@@ -120,6 +119,3 @@ class _CopyMode(enum.Enum):
             return False
 
         raise ValueError(f"{self} is neither True nor False.")
-
-
-_CopyMode.__module__ = 'numpy'
diff --git a/numpy/_typing/__init__.py b/numpy/_typing/__init__.py
index b800c54b6..a4e763050 100644
--- a/numpy/_typing/__init__.py
+++ b/numpy/_typing/__init__.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from numpy import ufunc
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
+from .. import ufunc
+from .._utils import set_module
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, final
 
 
diff --git a/numpy/_utils.py b/numpy/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea73dee07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/numpy/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""
+Module for NumPy internal utilities that do not require any other import
+and should be freely available without dependencies (e.g. to avoid circular
+import by depending on the C module).
+
+"""
+
+
+def set_module(module):
+    """Private decorator for overriding __module__ on a function or class.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        @set_module('numpy')
+        def example():
+            pass
+
+        assert example.__module__ == 'numpy'
+    """
+    def decorator(func):
+        if module is not None:
+            func.__module__ = module
+        return func
+    return decorator
diff --git a/numpy/core/_exceptions.py b/numpy/core/_exceptions.py
index be3aa8bee..db5dfea02 100644
--- a/numpy/core/_exceptions.py
+++ b/numpy/core/_exceptions.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ in python where it's easier.
 By putting the formatting in `__str__`, we also avoid paying the cost for
 users who silence the exceptions.
 """
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
+from .._utils import set_module
 
 def _unpack_tuple(tup):
     if len(tup) == 1:
diff --git a/numpy/core/_machar.py b/numpy/core/_machar.py
index 3cc7db278..0a942d98a 100644
--- a/numpy/core/_machar.py
+++ b/numpy/core/_machar.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ Author: Pearu Peterson, September 2003
 """
 __all__ = ['MachAr']
 
-from numpy.core.fromnumeric import any
-from numpy.core._ufunc_config import errstate
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
+from .fromnumeric import any
+from ._ufunc_config import errstate
+from .._utils import set_module
 
 # Need to speed this up...especially for longfloat
 
diff --git a/numpy/core/_ufunc_config.py b/numpy/core/_ufunc_config.py
index 5aac7ab09..df8213095 100644
--- a/numpy/core/_ufunc_config.py
+++ b/numpy/core/_ufunc_config.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import collections.abc
 import contextlib
 import contextvars
 
-from .overrides import set_module
+from .._utils import set_module
 from .umath import (
     UFUNC_BUFSIZE_DEFAULT,
     ERR_IGNORE, ERR_WARN, ERR_RAISE, ERR_CALL, ERR_PRINT, ERR_LOG, ERR_DEFAULT,
diff --git a/numpy/core/defchararray.py b/numpy/core/defchararray.py
index 6750e497a..d312506ff 100644
--- a/numpy/core/defchararray.py
+++ b/numpy/core/defchararray.py
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@ The preferred alias for `defchararray` is `numpy.char`.
 
 """
 import functools
+
+from .._utils import set_module
 from .numerictypes import (
     string_, unicode_, integer, int_, object_, bool_, character)
 from .numeric import ndarray, compare_chararrays
 from .numeric import array as narray
 from numpy.core.multiarray import _vec_string
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import overrides
 from numpy.compat import asbytes
 import numpy
diff --git a/numpy/core/getlimits.py b/numpy/core/getlimits.py
index 2c0f462cc..c884e3d70 100644
--- a/numpy/core/getlimits.py
+++ b/numpy/core/getlimits.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ __all__ = ['finfo', 'iinfo']
 
 import warnings
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 from ._machar import MachAr
-from .overrides import set_module
 from . import numeric
 from . import numerictypes as ntypes
 from .numeric import array, inf, NaN
diff --git a/numpy/core/memmap.py b/numpy/core/memmap.py
index b0d9cb3af..5071c909a 100644
--- a/numpy/core/memmap.py
+++ b/numpy/core/memmap.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from contextlib import nullcontext
 
 import numpy as np
+from .._utils import set_module
 from .numeric import uint8, ndarray, dtype
 from numpy.compat import os_fspath, is_pathlib_path
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 
 __all__ = ['memmap']
 
diff --git a/numpy/core/numerictypes.py b/numpy/core/numerictypes.py
index 3d1cb6fd1..37fb8ee62 100644
--- a/numpy/core/numerictypes.py
+++ b/numpy/core/numerictypes.py
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ Exported symbols include:
 """
 import numbers
 
-from numpy.core.multiarray import (
+from .multiarray import (
         ndarray, array, dtype, datetime_data, datetime_as_string,
         busday_offset, busday_count, is_busday, busdaycalendar
         )
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
+from .._utils import set_module
 
 # we add more at the bottom
 __all__ = ['sctypeDict', 'sctypes',
diff --git a/numpy/core/overrides.py b/numpy/core/overrides.py
index 450464f89..6bd72063a 100644
--- a/numpy/core/overrides.py
+++ b/numpy/core/overrides.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import collections
 import functools
 import os
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
     add_docstring, implement_array_function, _get_implementing_args)
 from numpy.compat._inspect import getargspec
@@ -107,24 +108,6 @@ def verify_matching_signatures(implementation, dispatcher):
                                'default argument values')
 
 
-def set_module(module):
-    """Decorator for overriding __module__ on a function or class.
-
-    Example usage::
-
-        @set_module('numpy')
-        def example():
-            pass
-
-        assert example.__module__ == 'numpy'
-    """
-    def decorator(func):
-        if module is not None:
-            func.__module__ = module
-        return func
-    return decorator
-
-
 def array_function_dispatch(dispatcher, module=None, verify=True,
                             docs_from_dispatcher=False):
     """Decorator for adding dispatch with the __array_function__ protocol.
diff --git a/numpy/core/records.py b/numpy/core/records.py
index c014bc97c..0fb49e8f7 100644
--- a/numpy/core/records.py
+++ b/numpy/core/records.py
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ import warnings
 from collections import Counter
 from contextlib import nullcontext
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 from . import numeric as sb
 from . import numerictypes as nt
 from numpy.compat import os_fspath
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from .arrayprint import _get_legacy_print_mode
 
 # All of the functions allow formats to be a dtype
diff --git a/numpy/lib/_datasource.py b/numpy/lib/_datasource.py
index b7778234e..613733fa5 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/_datasource.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/_datasource.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Example::
 import os
 import io
 
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
+from .._utils import set_module
 
 
 _open = open
diff --git a/numpy/lib/function_base.py b/numpy/lib/function_base.py
index 5f59254b6..0ab49fa11 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/function_base.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/function_base.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import re
 import sys
 import warnings
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 import numpy as np
 import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
 from numpy.core import transpose
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from numpy.core.fromnumeric import (
     ravel, nonzero, partition, mean, any, sum
     )
 from numpy.core.numerictypes import typecodes
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import overrides
 from numpy.core.function_base import add_newdoc
 from numpy.lib.twodim_base import diag
@@ -4017,7 +4017,7 @@ def percentile(a,
     since Python uses 0-based indexing, the code subtracts another 1 from the
     index internally.
 
-    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location 
+    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location
     of the percentile in the sorted sample:
 
     .. math::
@@ -4306,7 +4306,7 @@ def quantile(a,
     since Python uses 0-based indexing, the code subtracts another 1 from the
     index internally.
 
-    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location 
+    The following formula determines the virtual index ``i + g``, the location
     of the quantile in the sorted sample:
 
     .. math::
diff --git a/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py b/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py
index 95d5e3ede..58dd394e1 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/index_tricks.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import sys
 import math
 import warnings
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
 from numpy.core.numeric import (
     asarray, ScalarType, array, alltrue, cumprod, arange, ndim
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ from numpy.core.numerictypes import find_common_type, issubdtype
 import numpy.matrixlib as matrixlib
 from .function_base import diff
 from numpy.core.multiarray import ravel_multi_index, unravel_index
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import overrides, linspace
 from numpy.lib.stride_tricks import as_strided
 
diff --git a/numpy/lib/polynomial.py b/numpy/lib/polynomial.py
index 6aa708861..0f7ab0334 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/polynomial.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/polynomial.py
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ __all__ = ['poly', 'roots', 'polyint', 'polyder', 'polyadd',
 import functools
 import re
 import warnings
+
+from .._utils import set_module
 import numpy.core.numeric as NX
 
 from numpy.core import (isscalar, abs, finfo, atleast_1d, hstack, dot, array,
                         ones)
 from numpy.core import overrides
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.lib.twodim_base import diag, vander
 from numpy.lib.function_base import trim_zeros
 from numpy.lib.type_check import iscomplex, real, imag, mintypecode
diff --git a/numpy/lib/type_check.py b/numpy/lib/type_check.py
index 94d525f51..0dc014d76 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/type_check.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/type_check.py
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ __all__ = ['iscomplexobj', 'isrealobj', 'imag', 'iscomplex',
            'typename', 'asfarray', 'mintypecode',
            'common_type']
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
 from numpy.core.numeric import asarray, asanyarray, isnan, zeros
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import overrides
 from .ufunclike import isneginf, isposinf
 
diff --git a/numpy/lib/utils.py b/numpy/lib/utils.py
index afde8cc60..2a9d30b16 100644
--- a/numpy/lib/utils.py
+++ b/numpy/lib/utils.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import re
 import warnings
 import functools
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 from numpy.core.numerictypes import issubclass_, issubsctype, issubdtype
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import ndarray, ufunc, asarray
 import numpy as np
 
diff --git a/numpy/linalg/linalg.py b/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
index 697193321..ee0fe6166 100644
--- a/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
+++ b/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import warnings
 
+from .._utils import set_module
 from numpy.core import (
     array, asarray, zeros, empty, empty_like, intc, single, double,
     csingle, cdouble, inexact, complexfloating, newaxis, all, Inf, dot,
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ from numpy.core import (
     reciprocal
 )
 from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 from numpy.core import overrides
 from numpy.lib.twodim_base import triu, eye
 from numpy.linalg import _umath_linalg
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ def qr(a, mode='reduced'):
         return wrap(a)
 
     # mc is the number of columns in the resulting q
-    # matrix. If the mode is complete then it is 
+    # matrix. If the mode is complete then it is
     # same as number of rows, and if the mode is reduced,
     # then it is the minimum of number of rows and columns.
     if mode == 'complete' and m > n:
diff --git a/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py b/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py
index a414ee9bb..d029b13fb 100644
--- a/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py
+++ b/numpy/matrixlib/defmatrix.py
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ __all__ = ['matrix', 'bmat', 'mat', 'asmatrix']
 import sys
 import warnings
 import ast
+
+from .._utils import set_module
 import numpy.core.numeric as N
 from numpy.core.numeric import concatenate, isscalar
-from numpy.core.overrides import set_module
 # While not in __all__, matrix_power used to be defined here, so we import
 # it for backward compatibility.
 from numpy.linalg import matrix_power