Fix COM812

101 files changed, 405 insertions, 402 deletions

diff --git a/doc/development/tutorials/examples/autodoc_intenum.py b/doc/development/tutorials/examples/autodoc_intenum.py
index 67955600f..6080ca4a5 100644
--- a/doc/development/tutorials/examples/autodoc_intenum.py
+++ b/doc/development/tutorials/examples/autodoc_intenum.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class IntEnumDocumenter(ClassDocumenter):
 
     def add_content(self,
                     more_content: StringList | None,
-                    no_docstring: bool = False
+                    no_docstring: bool = False,
                     ) -> None:
 
         super().add_content(more_content, no_docstring)
diff --git a/doc/development/tutorials/examples/recipe.py b/doc/development/tutorials/examples/recipe.py
index 6bfd99900..c7ebf2a93 100644
--- a/doc/development/tutorials/examples/recipe.py
+++ b/doc/development/tutorials/examples/recipe.py
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ class RecipeDomain(Domain):
     name = 'recipe'
     label = 'Recipe Sample'
     roles = {
-        'ref': XRefRole()
+        'ref': XRefRole(),
     }
     directives = {
         'recipe': RecipeDirective,
     }
     indices = {
         RecipeIndex,
-        IngredientIndex
+        IngredientIndex,
     }
     initial_data = {
         'recipes': [],  # object list
diff --git a/sphinx/application.py b/sphinx/application.py
index ac36b5ad6..334330c08 100644
--- a/sphinx/application.py
+++ b/sphinx/application.py
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class Sphinx:
                     raise ConfigError(
                         __("'setup' as currently defined in conf.py isn't a Python callable. "
                            "Please modify its definition to make it a callable function. "
-                           "This is needed for conf.py to behave as a Sphinx extension.")
+                           "This is needed for conf.py to behave as a Sphinx extension."),
                     )
 
         # now that we know all config values, collect them from conf.py
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class Sphinx:
             logger.info('')
             logger.info(self.builder.epilog % {
                 'outdir': relpath(self.outdir),
-                'project': self.config.project
+                'project': self.config.project,
             })
 
         self.builder.cleanup()
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ class Sphinx:
         """
         self.registry.add_role_to_domain(domain, name, role, override=override)
 
-    def add_index_to_domain(self, domain: str, index: type[Index], override: bool = False
+    def add_index_to_domain(self, domain: str, index: type[Index], override: bool = False,
                             ) -> None:
         """Register a custom index for a domain.
 
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ class Sphinx:
     def add_object_type(self, directivename: str, rolename: str, indextemplate: str = '',
                         parse_node: Callable | None = None,
                         ref_nodeclass: type[TextElement] | None = None,
-                        objname: str = '', doc_field_types: list = [], override: bool = False
+                        objname: str = '', doc_field_types: list = [], override: bool = False,
                         ) -> None:
         """Register a new object type.
 
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ class Sphinx:
         self.registry.add_documenter(cls.objtype, cls)
         self.add_directive('auto' + cls.objtype, AutodocDirective, override=override)
 
-    def add_autodoc_attrgetter(self, typ: type, getter: Callable[[Any, str, Any], Any]
+    def add_autodoc_attrgetter(self, typ: type, getter: Callable[[Any, str, Any], Any],
                                ) -> None:
         """Register a new ``getattr``-like function for the autodoc extension.
 
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ class TemplateBridge:
         self,
         builder: Builder,
         theme: Theme | None = None,
-        dirs: list[str] | None = None
+        dirs: list[str] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Called by the builder to initialize the template system.
 
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
index 20ebfd7d9..bb02058f7 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class Builder:
                        len(to_build))
 
     def build(
-        self, docnames: Iterable[str], summary: str | None = None, method: str = 'update'
+        self, docnames: Iterable[str], summary: str | None = None, method: str = 'update',
     ) -> None:
         """Main build method.
 
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ class Builder:
         self,
         build_docnames: Iterable[str],
         updated_docnames: Sequence[str],
-        method: str = 'update'
+        method: str = 'update',
     ) -> None:
         if build_docnames is None or build_docnames == ['__all__']:
             # build_all
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py b/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
index ca1196770..a64e2fc6c 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ CSS_LINK_TARGET_CLASS = 'link-target'
 # XXX These strings should be localized according to epub_language
 GUIDE_TITLES = {
     'toc': 'Table of Contents',
-    'cover': 'Cover'
+    'cover': 'Cover',
 }
 
 MEDIA_TYPES = {
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
         return id
 
     def get_refnodes(
-        self, doctree: Node, result: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        self, doctree: Node, result: list[dict[str, Any]],
     ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Collect section titles, their depth in the toc and the refuri."""
         # XXX: is there a better way than checking the attribute
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
                     result.append({
                         'level': level,
                         'refuri': html.escape(refuri),
-                        'text': ssp(html.escape(doctree.astext()))
+                        'text': ssp(html.escape(doctree.astext())),
                     })
                     break
         elif isinstance(doctree, nodes.Element):
@@ -241,19 +241,19 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
             'level': 1,
             'refuri': html.escape(self.config.root_doc + self.out_suffix),
             'text': ssp(html.escape(
-                self.env.titles[self.config.root_doc].astext()))
+                self.env.titles[self.config.root_doc].astext())),
         })
         for file, text in reversed(self.config.epub_pre_files):
             refnodes.insert(0, {
                 'level': 1,
                 'refuri': html.escape(file),
-                'text': ssp(html.escape(text))
+                'text': ssp(html.escape(text)),
             })
         for file, text in self.config.epub_post_files:
             refnodes.append({
                 'level': 1,
                 'refuri': html.escape(file),
-                'text': ssp(html.escape(text))
+                'text': ssp(html.escape(text)),
             })
 
     def fix_fragment(self, prefix: str, fragment: str) -> str:
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/changes.py b/sphinx/builders/changes.py
index b8869c7a0..5c118bef9 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/changes.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/changes.py
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class ChangesBuilder(Builder):
                 text = ''.join(hl(i + 1, line) for (i, line) in enumerate(lines))
                 ctx = {
                     'filename': self.env.doc2path(docname, False),
-                    'text': text
+                    'text': text,
                 }
                 f.write(self.templates.render('changes/rstsource.html', ctx))
         themectx = {'theme_' + key: val for (key, val) in
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/epub3.py b/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
index 9b01eec8a..03f4684d1 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class Epub3Builder(_epub_base.EpubBuilder):
         return {
             'lang': html.escape(self.config.epub_language),
             'toc_locale': html.escape(self.guide_titles['toc']),
-            'navlist': navlist
+            'navlist': navlist,
         }
 
     def build_navigation_doc(self) -> None:
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/gettext.py b/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
index 4385f1318..09869a70f 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class MsgOrigin:
 
 class GettextRenderer(SphinxRenderer):
     def __init__(
-        self, template_path: str | None = None, outdir: str | None = None
+        self, template_path: str | None = None, outdir: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.outdir = outdir
         if template_path is None:
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class MessageCatalogBuilder(I18nBuilder):
                 raise ThemeError(f'{template}: {exc!r}') from exc
 
     def build(
-        self, docnames: Iterable[str], summary: str | None = None, method: str = 'update'
+        self, docnames: Iterable[str], summary: str | None = None, method: str = 'update',
     ) -> None:
         self._extract_from_template()
         super().build(docnames, summary, method)
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
index 81fac5870..0bfb594ab 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ DOMAIN_INDEX_TYPE = Tuple[
     # list of (heading string, list of index entries) pairs.
     List[Tuple[str, List[IndexEntry]]],
     # whether sub-entries should start collapsed
-    bool
+    bool,
 ]
 
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class Stylesheet(str):
     filename: str = None
     priority: int = None
 
-    def __new__(cls, filename: str, *args: str, priority: int = 500, **attributes: Any
+    def __new__(cls, filename: str, *args: str, priority: int = 500, **attributes: Any,
                 ) -> Stylesheet:
         self = str.__new__(cls, filename)
         self.filename = filename
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class BuildInfo:
             raise ValueError(__('build info file is broken: %r') % exc) from exc
 
     def __init__(
-        self, config: Config = None, tags: Tags = None, config_categories: list[str] = []
+        self, config: Config = None, tags: Tags = None, config_categories: list[str] = [],
     ) -> None:
         self.config_hash = ''
         self.tags_hash = ''
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ class StandaloneHTMLBuilder(Builder):
             try:
                 next = {
                     'link': self.get_relative_uri(docname, related[2]),
-                    'title': self.render_partial(titles[related[2]])['title']
+                    'title': self.render_partial(titles[related[2]])['title'],
                 }
                 rellinks.append((related[2], next['title'], 'N', _('next')))
             except KeyError:
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ class StandaloneHTMLBuilder(Builder):
             try:
                 prev = {
                     'link': self.get_relative_uri(docname, related[1]),
-                    'title': self.render_partial(titles[related[1]])['title']
+                    'title': self.render_partial(titles[related[1]])['title'],
                 }
                 rellinks.append((related[1], prev['title'], 'P', _('previous')))
             except KeyError:
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ class StandaloneHTMLBuilder(Builder):
             ctx['pageurl'] = None
 
         def pathto(
-            otheruri: str, resource: bool = False, baseuri: str = default_baseuri
+            otheruri: str, resource: bool = False, baseuri: str = default_baseuri,
         ) -> str:
             if resource and '://' in otheruri:
                 # allow non-local resources given by scheme
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
index 7aebdfcb8..4f948e367 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/__init__.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class LaTeXBuilder(Builder):
         self.context['wrapperclass'] = theme.wrapperclass
 
     def assemble_doctree(
-        self, indexfile: str, toctree_only: bool, appendices: list[str]
+        self, indexfile: str, toctree_only: bool, appendices: list[str],
     ) -> nodes.document:
         self.docnames = set([indexfile] + appendices)
         logger.info(darkgreen(indexfile) + " ", nonl=True)
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class LaTeXBuilder(Builder):
             'addtocaptions': r'\@iden',
             'figurename': formats.get('figure', '').split('%s', 1),
             'tablename': formats.get('table', '').split('%s', 1),
-            'literalblockname': formats.get('code-block', '').split('%s', 1)
+            'literalblockname': formats.get('code-block', '').split('%s', 1),
         }
 
         if self.context['babel'] or self.context['polyglossia']:
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
index 1d4529735..df678d91f 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/transforms.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class ShowUrlsTransform(SphinxPostTransform):
         raise ValueError(f'Failed to get a docname for source {source!r}!')
 
     def create_footnote(
-        self, uri: str, docname: str
+        self, uri: str, docname: str,
     ) -> tuple[nodes.footnote, nodes.footnote_reference]:
         reference = nodes.reference('', nodes.Text(uri), refuri=uri, nolinkurl=True)
         footnote = nodes.footnote(uri, auto=1, docname=docname)
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py b/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
index d2ae72ef7..7076b5352 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class TexinfoBuilder(Builder):
                 self.copy_image_files(targetname[:-5])
 
     def assemble_doctree(
-        self, indexfile: str, toctree_only: bool, appendices: list[str]
+        self, indexfile: str, toctree_only: bool, appendices: list[str],
     ) -> nodes.document:
         self.docnames = set([indexfile] + appendices)
         logger.info(darkgreen(indexfile) + " ", nonl=True)
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class TexinfoBuilder(Builder):
 
 
 def default_texinfo_documents(
-    config: Config
+    config: Config,
 ) -> list[tuple[str, str, str, str, str, str, str]]:
     """ Better default texinfo_documents settings. """
     filename = make_filename_from_project(config.project)
diff --git a/sphinx/cmd/build.py b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
index 9fc061718..7b29a4672 100644
--- a/sphinx/cmd/build.py
+++ b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from sphinx.util.osutil import abspath, ensuredir
 
 
 def handle_exception(
-    app: Sphinx | None, args: Any, exception: BaseException, stderr: TextIO = sys.stderr
+    app: Sphinx | None, args: Any, exception: BaseException, stderr: TextIO = sys.stderr,
 ) -> None:
     if isinstance(exception, bdb.BdbQuit):
         return
diff --git a/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py b/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
index 0282eb827..626eb0b78 100644
--- a/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
+++ b/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def ok(x: str) -> str:
 
 
 def do_prompt(
-    text: str, default: str | None = None, validator: Callable[[str], Any] = nonempty
+    text: str, default: str | None = None, validator: Callable[[str], Any] = nonempty,
 ) -> str | bool:
     while True:
         if default is not None:
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ def ask_user(d: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             'translate text that it generates into that language.\n'
             '\n'
             'For a list of supported codes, see\n'
-            'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#confval-language.'
+            'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#confval-language.',
         ))
         d['language'] = do_prompt(__('Project language'), 'en')
         if d['language'] == 'en':
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ def ask_user(d: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
 
 
 def generate(
-    d: dict, overwrite: bool = True, silent: bool = False, templatedir: str | None = None
+    d: dict, overwrite: bool = True, silent: bool = False, templatedir: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Generate project based on values in *d*."""
     template = QuickstartRenderer(templatedir or '')
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ def get_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
         "\n"
         "sphinx-quickstart is an interactive tool that asks some questions about your\n"
         "project and then generates a complete documentation directory and sample\n"
-        "Makefile to be used with sphinx-build.\n"
+        "Makefile to be used with sphinx-build.\n",
     )
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         usage='%(prog)s [OPTIONS] <PROJECT_DIR>',
diff --git a/sphinx/config.py b/sphinx/config.py
index 7eb361b1a..81579c522 100644
--- a/sphinx/config.py
+++ b/sphinx/config.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class Config:
 
     @classmethod
     def read(
-        cls, confdir: str, overrides: dict | None = None, tags: Tags | None = None
+        cls, confdir: str, overrides: dict | None = None, tags: Tags | None = None,
     ) -> Config:
         """Create a Config object from configuration file."""
         filename = path.join(confdir, CONFIG_FILENAME)
diff --git a/sphinx/deprecation.py b/sphinx/deprecation.py
index 2a4cf35e3..fbd5463cc 100644
--- a/sphinx/deprecation.py
+++ b/sphinx/deprecation.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def _deprecation_warning(
     attribute: str,
     canonical_name: str,
     *,
-    remove: tuple[int, int]
+    remove: tuple[int, int],
 ) -> None:
     """Helper function for module-level deprecations using __getattr__
 
diff --git a/sphinx/directives/code.py b/sphinx/directives/code.py
index 5d54ef1a9..db8d7de71 100644
--- a/sphinx/directives/code.py
+++ b/sphinx/directives/code.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Highlight(SphinxDirective):
 
 
 def dedent_lines(
-    lines: list[str], dedent: int | None, location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+    lines: list[str], dedent: int | None, location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     if dedent is None:
         return textwrap.dedent(''.join(lines)).splitlines(True)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def dedent_lines(
 
 
 def container_wrapper(
-    directive: SphinxDirective, literal_node: Node, caption: str
+    directive: SphinxDirective, literal_node: Node, caption: str,
 ) -> nodes.container:
     container_node = nodes.container('', literal_block=True,
                                      classes=['literal-block-wrapper'])
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
                                  (option1, option2))
 
     def read_file(
-        self, filename: str, location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, filename: str, location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         try:
             with open(filename, encoding=self.encoding, errors='strict') as f:
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return list(diff)
 
     def pyobject_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         pyobject = self.options.get('pyobject')
         if pyobject:
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def lines_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         linespec = self.options.get('lines')
         if linespec:
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def start_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         if 'start-at' in self.options:
             start = self.options.get('start-at')
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def end_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         if 'end-at' in self.options:
             end = self.options.get('end-at')
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def prepend_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         prepend = self.options.get('prepend')
         if prepend:
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def append_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         append = self.options.get('append')
         if append:
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ class LiteralIncludeReader:
         return lines
 
     def dedent_filter(
-        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self, lines: list[str], location: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         if 'dedent' in self.options:
             return dedent_lines(lines, self.options.get('dedent'), location=location)
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/__init__.py b/sphinx/domains/__init__.py
index 00556201e..ac61b74f4 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/__init__.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Index(ABC):
         self.domain = domain
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def generate(self, docnames: Iterable[str] | None = None
+    def generate(self, docnames: Iterable[str] | None = None,
                  ) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, list[IndexEntry]]], bool]:
         """Get entries for the index.
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class Domain:
         fullname = f'{self.name}:{name}'
 
         def role_adapter(typ: str, rawtext: str, text: str, lineno: int,
-                         inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = []
+                         inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = [],
                          ) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
             return self.roles[name](fullname, rawtext, text, lineno,
                                     inliner, options, content)
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ class Domain:
         pass
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         """Resolve the pending_xref *node* with the given *typ* and *target*.
 
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ class Domain:
         pass
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         """Resolve the pending_xref *node* with the given *target*.
 
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/c.py b/sphinx/domains/c.py
index e759dd0fd..8a019206c 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/c.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/c.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ _expression_bin_ops = [
     ['<<', '>>'],
     ['+', '-'],
     ['*', '/', '%'],
-    ['.*', '->*']
+    ['.*', '->*'],
 ]
 _expression_unary_ops = ["++", "--", "*", "&", "+", "-", "!", "not", "~", "compl"]
 _expression_assignment_ops = ["=", "*=", "/=", "%=", "+=", "-=",
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ class Symbol:
         ancestorLookupType: str | None,
         matchSelf: bool,
         recurseInAnon: bool,
-        searchInSiblings: bool
+        searchInSiblings: bool,
     ) -> SymbolLookupResult | None:
         # TODO: further simplification from C++ to C
         # ancestorLookupType: if not None, specifies the target type of the lookup
@@ -2063,7 +2063,7 @@ class Symbol:
         return res
 
     def find_identifier(self, ident: ASTIdentifier,
-                        matchSelf: bool, recurseInAnon: bool, searchInSiblings: bool
+                        matchSelf: bool, recurseInAnon: bool, searchInSiblings: bool,
                         ) -> Symbol | None:
         if Symbol.debug_lookup:
             Symbol.debug_indent += 1
@@ -2275,7 +2275,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
             return ASTIdExpression(nn)
         return None
 
-    def _parse_initializer_list(self, name: str, open: str, close: str
+    def _parse_initializer_list(self, name: str, open: str, close: str,
                                 ) -> tuple[list[ASTExpression], bool]:
         # Parse open and close with the actual initializer-list in between
         # -> initializer-clause '...'[opt]
@@ -2683,7 +2683,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         return ASTParameters(args, attrs)
 
     def _parse_decl_specs_simple(
-        self, outer: str | None, typed: bool
+        self, outer: str | None, typed: bool,
     ) -> ASTDeclSpecsSimple:
         """Just parse the simple ones."""
         storage = None
@@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         return ASTDeclSpecs(outer, leftSpecs, rightSpecs, trailing)
 
     def _parse_declarator_name_suffix(
-            self, named: bool | str, paramMode: str, typed: bool
+            self, named: bool | str, paramMode: str, typed: bool,
     ) -> ASTDeclarator:
         assert named in (True, False, 'single')
         # now we should parse the name, and then suffixes
@@ -2918,7 +2918,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
             header = "Error in declarator or parameters"
             raise self._make_multi_error(prevErrors, header) from e
 
-    def _parse_initializer(self, outer: str | None = None, allowFallback: bool = True
+    def _parse_initializer(self, outer: str | None = None, allowFallback: bool = True,
                            ) -> ASTInitializer | None:
         self.skip_ws()
         if outer == 'member' and False:  # NoQA: SIM223  # TODO
@@ -3740,7 +3740,7 @@ class CDomain(Domain):
         'namespace-push': CNamespacePushObject,
         'namespace-pop': CNamespacePopObject,
         # other
-        'alias': CAliasObject
+        'alias': CAliasObject,
     }
     roles = {
         'member': CXRefRole(),
@@ -3754,7 +3754,7 @@ class CDomain(Domain):
         'enumerator': CXRefRole(),
         'type': CXRefRole(),
         'expr': CExprRole(asCode=True),
-        'texpr': CExprRole(asCode=False)
+        'texpr': CExprRole(asCode=False),
     }
     initial_data: dict[str, Symbol | dict[str, tuple[str, str, str]]] = {
         'root_symbol': Symbol(None, None, None, None, None),
@@ -3841,7 +3841,7 @@ class CDomain(Domain):
         assert docname
 
         return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, docname,
-                            declaration.get_newest_id(), contnode, displayName
+                            declaration.get_newest_id(), contnode, displayName,
                             ), declaration.objectType
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
@@ -3851,7 +3851,7 @@ class CDomain(Domain):
                                         target, node, contnode)[0]
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         with logging.suppress_logging():
             retnode, objtype = self._resolve_xref_inner(env, fromdocname, builder,
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/changeset.py b/sphinx/domains/changeset.py
index a39e4366d..1a28aa77e 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/changeset.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/changeset.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class ChangeSetDomain(Domain):
                     changes.append(changeset)
 
     def process_doc(
-        self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: nodes.document
+        self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: nodes.document,
     ) -> None:
         pass  # nothing to do here. All changesets are registered on calling directive.
 
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/citation.py b/sphinx/domains/citation.py
index 33b5021ee..638b1cd29 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/citation.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/citation.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class CitationDomain(Domain):
                                type='ref', subtype='citation', location=(docname, lineno))
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         docname, labelid, lineno = self.citations.get(target, ('', '', 0))
         if not docname:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class CitationDomain(Domain):
                             labelid, contnode)
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         refnode = self.resolve_xref(env, fromdocname, builder, 'ref', target, node, contnode)
         if refnode is None:
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/cpp.py b/sphinx/domains/cpp.py
index eff74116e..2ff81834e 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/cpp.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/cpp.py
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ _keywords = [
     'static_assert', 'static_cast', 'struct', 'switch', 'template', 'this',
     'thread_local', 'throw', 'true', 'try', 'typedef', 'typeid', 'typename',
     'union', 'unsigned', 'using', 'virtual', 'void', 'volatile', 'wchar_t',
-    'while', 'xor', 'xor_eq'
+    'while', 'xor', 'xor_eq',
 ]
 
 
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ _id_fundamental_v1 = {
     'long': 'l',
     'signed long': 'l',
     'unsigned long': 'L',
-    'bool': 'b'
+    'bool': 'b',
 }
 _id_shorthands_v1 = {
     'std::string': 'ss',
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ _id_shorthands_v1 = {
     'std::istream': 'is',
     'std::iostream': 'ios',
     'std::vector': 'v',
-    'std::map': 'm'
+    'std::map': 'm',
 }
 _id_operator_v1 = {
     'new': 'new-operator',
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ _id_operator_v1 = {
     '->*': 'pointer-by-pointer-operator',
     '->': 'pointer-operator',
     '()': 'call-operator',
-    '[]': 'subscript-operator'
+    '[]': 'subscript-operator',
 }
 
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ _id_fundamental_v2 = {
     '_Imaginary long double': 'e',
     'auto': 'Da',
     'decltype(auto)': 'Dc',
-    'std::nullptr_t': 'Dn'
+    'std::nullptr_t': 'Dn',
 }
 _id_operator_v2 = {
     'new': 'nw',
@@ -555,11 +555,11 @@ _id_operator_unary_v2 = {
     '+': 'ps',
     '-': 'ng',
     '!': 'nt', 'not': 'nt',
-    '~': 'co', 'compl': 'co'
+    '~': 'co', 'compl': 'co',
 }
 _id_char_from_prefix: dict[str | None, str] = {
     None: 'c', 'u8': 'c',
-    'u': 'Ds', 'U': 'Di', 'L': 'w'
+    'u': 'Ds', 'U': 'Di', 'L': 'w',
 }
 # these are ordered by preceedence
 _expression_bin_ops = [
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ _expression_bin_ops = [
     ['<<', '>>'],
     ['+', '-'],
     ['*', '/', '%'],
-    ['.*', '->*']
+    ['.*', '->*'],
 ]
 _expression_unary_ops = ["++", "--", "*", "&", "+", "-", "!", "not", "~", "compl"]
 _expression_assignment_ops = ["=", "*=", "/=", "%=", "+=", "-=",
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ _id_explicit_cast = {
     'dynamic_cast': 'dc',
     'static_cast': 'sc',
     'const_cast': 'cc',
-    'reinterpret_cast': 'rc'
+    'reinterpret_cast': 'rc',
 }
 
 
@@ -3661,7 +3661,7 @@ class ASTTemplateParamTemplateType(ASTTemplateParam):
         return self.data.get_identifier()
 
     def get_id(
-        self, version: int, objectType: str | None = None, symbol: Symbol | None = None
+        self, version: int, objectType: str | None = None, symbol: Symbol | None = None,
     ) -> str:
         assert version >= 2
         # this is not part of the normal name mangling in C++
@@ -4405,7 +4405,7 @@ class Symbol:
     def _find_first_named_symbol(self, identOrOp: ASTIdentifier | ASTOperator,
                                  templateParams: Any, templateArgs: ASTTemplateArgs,
                                  templateShorthand: bool, matchSelf: bool,
-                                 recurseInAnon: bool, correctPrimaryTemplateArgs: bool
+                                 recurseInAnon: bool, correctPrimaryTemplateArgs: bool,
                                  ) -> Symbol:
         if Symbol.debug_lookup:
             Symbol.debug_print("_find_first_named_symbol ->")
@@ -4508,12 +4508,12 @@ class Symbol:
         nestedName: ASTNestedName,
         templateDecls: list[Any],
         onMissingQualifiedSymbol: Callable[
-            [Symbol, ASTIdentifier | ASTOperator, Any, ASTTemplateArgs], Symbol
+            [Symbol, ASTIdentifier | ASTOperator, Any, ASTTemplateArgs], Symbol,
         ],
         strictTemplateParamArgLists: bool, ancestorLookupType: str,
         templateShorthand: bool, matchSelf: bool,
         recurseInAnon: bool, correctPrimaryTemplateArgs: bool,
-        searchInSiblings: bool
+        searchInSiblings: bool,
     ) -> SymbolLookupResult:
         # ancestorLookupType: if not None, specifies the target type of the lookup
         if Symbol.debug_lookup:
@@ -4654,7 +4654,7 @@ class Symbol:
 
         def onMissingQualifiedSymbol(parentSymbol: Symbol,
                                      identOrOp: ASTIdentifier | ASTOperator,
-                                     templateParams: Any, templateArgs: ASTTemplateArgs
+                                     templateParams: Any, templateArgs: ASTTemplateArgs,
                                      ) -> Symbol:
             if Symbol.debug_lookup:
                 Symbol.debug_indent += 1
@@ -4963,7 +4963,7 @@ class Symbol:
         return res
 
     def find_identifier(self, identOrOp: ASTIdentifier | ASTOperator,
-                        matchSelf: bool, recurseInAnon: bool, searchInSiblings: bool
+                        matchSelf: bool, recurseInAnon: bool, searchInSiblings: bool,
                         ) -> Symbol:
         if Symbol.debug_lookup:
             Symbol.debug_indent += 1
@@ -5334,7 +5334,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
             except DefinitionError as eExpr:
                 raise self._make_multi_error([
                     (eFold, "If fold expression"),
-                    (eExpr, "If parenthesized expression")
+                    (eExpr, "If parenthesized expression"),
                 ], "Error in fold expression or parenthesized expression.") from eExpr
             return ASTParenExpr(res)
         # now it definitely is a fold expression
@@ -5374,7 +5374,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
             return ASTIdExpression(nn)
         return None
 
-    def _parse_initializer_list(self, name: str, open: str, close: str
+    def _parse_initializer_list(self, name: str, open: str, close: str,
                                 ) -> tuple[list[ASTExpression | ASTBracedInitList],
                                            bool]:
         # Parse open and close with the actual initializer-list in between
@@ -5435,7 +5435,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         return ASTBracedInitList(exprs, trailingComma)
 
     def _parse_expression_list_or_braced_init_list(
-        self
+        self,
     ) -> ASTParenExprList | ASTBracedInitList:
         paren = self._parse_paren_expression_list()
         if paren is not None:
@@ -6375,7 +6375,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         return ASTDeclSpecs(outer, leftSpecs, rightSpecs, trailing)
 
     def _parse_declarator_name_suffix(
-        self, named: bool | str, paramMode: str, typed: bool
+        self, named: bool | str, paramMode: str, typed: bool,
     ) -> ASTDeclaratorNameParamQual | ASTDeclaratorNameBitField:
         # now we should parse the name, and then suffixes
         if named == 'maybe':
@@ -6430,7 +6430,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
                                           paramQual=paramQual)
 
     def _parse_declarator(self, named: bool | str, paramMode: str,
-                          typed: bool = True
+                          typed: bool = True,
                           ) -> ASTDeclarator:
         # 'typed' here means 'parse return type stuff'
         if paramMode not in ('type', 'function', 'operatorCast', 'new'):
@@ -6544,7 +6544,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
             header = "Error in declarator or parameters-and-qualifiers"
             raise self._make_multi_error(prevErrors, header) from e
 
-    def _parse_initializer(self, outer: str = None, allowFallback: bool = True
+    def _parse_initializer(self, outer: str = None, allowFallback: bool = True,
                            ) -> ASTInitializer:
         # initializer                           # global vars
         # -> brace-or-equal-initializer
@@ -6990,7 +6990,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         else:
             return ASTRequiresClause(ASTBinOpExpr(orExprs, ops))
 
-    def _parse_template_declaration_prefix(self, objectType: str
+    def _parse_template_declaration_prefix(self, objectType: str,
                                            ) -> ASTTemplateDeclarationPrefix | None:
         templates: list[ASTTemplateParams | ASTTemplateIntroduction] = []
         while 1:
@@ -7025,7 +7025,7 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
 
     def _check_template_consistency(self, nestedName: ASTNestedName,
                                     templatePrefix: ASTTemplateDeclarationPrefix,
-                                    fullSpecShorthand: bool, isMember: bool = False
+                                    fullSpecShorthand: bool, isMember: bool = False,
                                     ) -> ASTTemplateDeclarationPrefix:
         numArgs = nestedName.num_templates()
         isMemberInstantiation = False
@@ -7878,7 +7878,7 @@ class CPPDomain(Domain):
         'namespace-push': CPPNamespacePushObject,
         'namespace-pop': CPPNamespacePopObject,
         # other
-        'alias': CPPAliasObject
+        'alias': CPPAliasObject,
     }
     roles = {
         'any': CPPXRefRole(),
@@ -7893,11 +7893,11 @@ class CPPDomain(Domain):
         'enum': CPPXRefRole(),
         'enumerator': CPPXRefRole(),
         'expr': CPPExprRole(asCode=True),
-        'texpr': CPPExprRole(asCode=False)
+        'texpr': CPPExprRole(asCode=False),
     }
     initial_data = {
         'root_symbol': Symbol(None, None, None, None, None, None, None),
-        'names': {}  # full name for indexing -> docname
+        'names': {},  # full name for indexing -> docname
     }
 
     def clear_doc(self, docname: str) -> None:
@@ -8098,18 +8098,18 @@ class CPPDomain(Domain):
             # and reconstruct the title again
             contnode += nodes.Text(title)
         res = make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, docname,
-                           declaration.get_newest_id(), contnode, displayName
+                           declaration.get_newest_id(), contnode, displayName,
                            ), declaration.objectType
         return res
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         return self._resolve_xref_inner(env, fromdocname, builder, typ,
                                         target, node, contnode)[0]
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         with logging.suppress_logging():
             retnode, objtype = self._resolve_xref_inner(env, fromdocname, builder,
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/javascript.py b/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
index 86476582a..7f07c20b5 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class JavaScriptDomain(Domain):
         prefix: str,
         name: str,
         typ: str | None,
-        searchorder: int = 0
+        searchorder: int = 0,
     ) -> tuple[str | None, tuple[str, str, str] | None]:
         if name[-2:] == '()':
             name = name[:-2]
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class JavaScriptDomain(Domain):
         return newname, self.objects.get(newname)
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         mod_name = node.get('js:module')
         prefix = node.get('js:object')
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ class JavaScriptDomain(Domain):
         return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, obj[0], obj[1], contnode, name)
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         mod_name = node.get('js:module')
         prefix = node.get('js:object')
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/math.py b/sphinx/domains/math.py
index 6623c4ca5..2d9476670 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/math.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/math.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class MathDomain(Domain):
             self.data['has_equations'][docname] = otherdata['has_equations'][docname]
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         assert typ in ('eq', 'numref')
         result = self.equations.get(target)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class MathDomain(Domain):
             return None
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         refnode = self.resolve_xref(env, fromdocname, builder, 'eq', target, node, contnode)
         if refnode is None:
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/python.py b/sphinx/domains/python.py
index a9632b291..4075277bc 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/python.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/python.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class ModuleEntry(NamedTuple):
     deprecated: bool
 
 
-def parse_reftarget(reftarget: str, suppress_prefix: bool = False
+def parse_reftarget(reftarget: str, suppress_prefix: bool = False,
                     ) -> tuple[str, str, str, bool]:
     """Parse a type string and return (reftype, reftarget, title, refspecific flag)"""
     refspecific = False
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ def _parse_annotation(annotation: str, env: BuildEnvironment | None) -> list[Nod
 
 
 def _parse_arglist(
-    arglist: str, env: BuildEnvironment | None = None
+    arglist: str, env: BuildEnvironment | None = None,
 ) -> addnodes.desc_parameterlist:
     """Parse a list of arguments using AST parser"""
     params = addnodes.desc_parameterlist(arglist)
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class PyXrefMixin:
         contnode: Node | None = None,
         env: BuildEnvironment | None = None,
         inliner: Inliner | None = None,
-        location: Node | None = None
+        location: Node | None = None,
     ) -> Node:
         # we use inliner=None to make sure we get the old behaviour with a single
         # pending_xref node
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ class PythonModuleIndex(Index):
     localname = _('Python Module Index')
     shortname = _('modules')
 
-    def generate(self, docnames: Iterable[str] | None = None
+    def generate(self, docnames: Iterable[str] | None = None,
                  ) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, list[IndexEntry]]], bool]:
         content: dict[str, list[IndexEntry]] = {}
         # list of prefixes to ignore
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@ class PythonDomain(Domain):
                 self.modules[modname] = mod
 
     def find_obj(self, env: BuildEnvironment, modname: str, classname: str,
-                 name: str, type: str | None, searchmode: int = 0
+                 name: str, type: str | None, searchmode: int = 0,
                  ) -> list[tuple[str, ObjectEntry]]:
         """Find a Python object for "name", perhaps using the given module
         and/or classname.  Returns a list of (name, object entry) tuples.
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ class PythonDomain(Domain):
         return matches
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     type: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     type: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         modname = node.get('py:module')
         clsname = node.get('py:class')
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ class PythonDomain(Domain):
             return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, obj[0], obj[1], children, name)
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         modname = node.get('py:module')
         clsname = node.get('py:class')
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/rst.py b/sphinx/domains/rst.py
index f00598def..030d532cf 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/rst.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/rst.py
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class ReSTDomain(Domain):
                 self.objects[typ, name] = (doc, node_id)
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         objtypes = self.objtypes_for_role(typ)
         for objtype in objtypes:
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class ReSTDomain(Domain):
         return None
 
     def resolve_any_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                         target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                          ) -> list[tuple[str, Element]]:
         results: list[tuple[str, Element]] = []
         for objtype in self.object_types:
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/std.py b/sphinx/domains/std.py
index d93f84068..1e2870a8a 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/std.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/std.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class EnvVarXRefRole(XRefRole):
         indexnode = addnodes.index()
         indexnode['entries'] = [
             ('single', varname, tgtid, '', None),
-            ('single', _('environment variable; %s') % varname, tgtid, '', None)
+            ('single', _('environment variable; %s') % varname, tgtid, '', None),
         ]
         targetnode = nodes.target('', '', ids=[tgtid])
         document.note_explicit_target(targetnode)
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def split_term_classifiers(line: str) -> list[str | None]:
 
 
 def make_glossary_term(env: BuildEnvironment, textnodes: Iterable[Node], index_key: str,
-                       source: str, lineno: int, node_id: str | None, document: nodes.document
+                       source: str, lineno: int, node_id: str | None, document: nodes.document,
                        ) -> nodes.term:
     # get a text-only representation of the term and register it
     # as a cross-reference target
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
                          searchprio=-1),
         'envvar': ObjType(_('environment variable'), 'envvar'),
         'cmdoption': ObjType(_('program option'), 'option'),
-        'doc': ObjType(_('document'), 'doc', searchprio=-1)
+        'doc': ObjType(_('document'), 'doc', searchprio=-1),
     }
 
     directives: dict[str, type[Directive]] = {
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
     def objects(self) -> dict[tuple[str, str], tuple[str, str]]:
         return self.data.setdefault('objects', {})  # (objtype, name) -> docname, labelid
 
-    def note_object(self, objtype: str, name: str, labelid: str, location: Any = None
+    def note_object(self, objtype: str, name: str, labelid: str, location: Any = None,
                     ) -> None:
         """Note a generic object for cross reference.
 
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
                 self.anonlabels[key] = data
 
     def process_doc(
-        self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: nodes.document
+        self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: nodes.document,
     ) -> None:
         for name, explicit in document.nametypes.items():
             if not explicit:
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
             self.progoptions[program, name] = (docname, labelid)
 
     def build_reference_node(self, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder, docname: str,
-                             labelid: str, sectname: str, rolename: str, **options: Any
+                             labelid: str, sectname: str, rolename: str, **options: Any,
                              ) -> Element:
         nodeclass = options.pop('nodeclass', nodes.reference)
         newnode = nodeclass('', '', internal=True, **options)
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
         return newnode
 
     def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
-                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
                      ) -> Element | None:
         if typ == 'ref':
             resolver = self._resolve_ref_xref
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
         builder: Builder,
         figtype: str,
         docname: str,
-        target_node: Element
+        target_node: Element,
     ) -> tuple[int, ...] | None:
         if figtype == 'section':
             if builder.name == 'latex':
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
             return None
 
 
-def warn_missing_reference(app: Sphinx, domain: Domain, node: pending_xref
+def warn_missing_reference(app: Sphinx, domain: Domain, node: pending_xref,
                            ) -> bool | None:
     if (domain and domain.name != 'std') or node['reftype'] != 'ref':
         return None
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/__init__.py b/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
index 5fef57f26..3364aac50 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ class BuildEnvironment:
         builder: Builder,
         doctree: nodes.document | None = None,
         prune_toctrees: bool = True,
-        includehidden: bool = False
+        includehidden: bool = False,
     ) -> nodes.document:
         """Read the doctree from the pickle, resolve cross-references and
         toctrees and return it.
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ class BuildEnvironment:
         traversed = set()
 
         def traverse_toctree(
-            parent: str | None, docname: str
+            parent: str | None, docname: str,
         ) -> Iterator[tuple[str | None, str]]:
             if parent == docname:
                 logger.warning(__('self referenced toctree found. Ignored.'),
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
index a2d41abb4..05c782f3b 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class IndexEntries:
         self.env = env
 
     def create_index(self, builder: Builder, group_entries: bool = True,
-                     _fixre: re.Pattern = re.compile(r'(.*) ([(][^()]*[)])')
+                     _fixre: re.Pattern = re.compile(r'(.*) ([(][^()]*[)])'),
                      ) -> list[tuple[str, list[tuple[str, Any]]]]:
         """Create the real index from the collected index entries."""
         new: dict[str, list] = {}
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
index a2299c469..2b02e34c8 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class TocTree:
                         for i, entry in enumerate(
                             _entries_from_toctree(sub_toc_node, [refdoc] + parents,
                                                   subtree=True),
-                            start=sub_toc_node.parent.index(sub_toc_node) + 1
+                            start=sub_toc_node.parent.index(sub_toc_node) + 1,
                         ):
                             sub_toc_node.parent.insert(i, entry)
                         sub_toc_node.parent.remove(sub_toc_node)
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
index 9ca40a723..2c30563e9 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class TocTreeCollector(EnvironmentCollector):
 
         def build_toc(
             node: Element | Sequence[Element],
-            depth: int = 1
+            depth: int = 1,
         ) -> nodes.bullet_list | None:
             # list of table of contents entries
             entries: list[Element] = []
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class TocTreeCollector(EnvironmentCollector):
         env.toc_secnumbers = {}
 
         def _walk_toc(
-            node: Element, secnums: dict, depth: int, titlenode: nodes.title | None = None
+            node: Element, secnums: dict, depth: int, titlenode: nodes.title | None = None,
         ) -> None:
             # titlenode is the title of the document, it will get assigned a
             # secnumber too, so that it shows up in next/prev/parent rellinks
diff --git a/sphinx/errors.py b/sphinx/errors.py
index 437e4acd9..9003fc658 100644
--- a/sphinx/errors.py
+++ b/sphinx/errors.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ExtensionError(SphinxError):
     """Extension error."""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, message: str, orig_exc: Exception | None = None, modname: str | None = None
+        self, message: str, orig_exc: Exception | None = None, modname: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(message)
         self.message = message
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py b/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
index 57ff555ef..839486d55 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def create_module_file(package: str, basename: str, opts: Any,
 
 def create_package_file(root: str, master_package: str, subroot: str, py_files: list[str],
                         opts: Any, subs: list[str], is_namespace: bool,
-                        excludes: list[str] = [], user_template_dir: str | None = None
+                        excludes: list[str] = [], user_template_dir: str | None = None,
                         ) -> None:
     """Build the text of the file and write the file."""
     # build a list of sub packages (directories containing an __init__ file)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def is_skipped_module(filename: str, opts: Any, excludes: list[str]) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def walk(rootpath: str, excludes: list[str], opts: Any
+def walk(rootpath: str, excludes: list[str], opts: Any,
          ) -> Generator[tuple[str, list[str], list[str]], None, None]:
     """Walk through the directory and list files and subdirectories up."""
     followlinks = getattr(opts, 'followlinks', False)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
index 3be90dfbe..dee4ef52d 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def cut_lines(pre: int, post: int = 0, what: str | None = None) -> Callable:
 
     This can (and should) be used in place of :confval:`automodule_skip_lines`.
     """
-    def process(app: Sphinx, what_: str, name: str, obj: Any, options: Any, lines: list[str]
+    def process(app: Sphinx, what_: str, name: str, obj: Any, options: Any, lines: list[str],
                 ) -> None:
         if what and what_ not in what:
             return
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def between(
     marker: str,
     what: Sequence[str] | None = None,
     keepempty: bool = False,
-    exclude: bool = False
+    exclude: bool = False,
 ) -> Callable:
     """Return a listener that either keeps, or if *exclude* is True excludes,
     lines between lines that match the *marker* regular expression.  If no line
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ def between(
     """
     marker_re = re.compile(marker)
 
-    def process(app: Sphinx, what_: str, name: str, obj: Any, options: Any, lines: list[str]
+    def process(app: Sphinx, what_: str, name: str, obj: Any, options: Any, lines: list[str],
                 ) -> None:
         if what and what_ not in what:
             return
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class Documenter:
     titles_allowed = True
 
     option_spec: OptionSpec = {
-        'noindex': bool_option
+        'noindex': bool_option,
     }
 
     def get_attr(self, obj: Any, name: str, *defargs: Any) -> Any:
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class Documenter:
         return autodoc_attrgetter(self.env.app, obj, name, *defargs)
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         """Called to see if a member can be documented by this Documenter."""
         raise NotImplementedError('must be implemented in subclasses')
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class Documenter:
         else:
             self.directive.result.append('', source, *lineno)
 
-    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any
+    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any,
                      ) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
         """Resolve the module and name of the object to document given by the
         arguments and the current module/class.
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class Documenter:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError('must be implemented in subclasses')
 
-    def filter_members(self, members: ObjectMembers, want_all: bool
+    def filter_members(self, members: ObjectMembers, want_all: bool,
                        ) -> list[tuple[str, Any, bool]]:
         """Filter the given member list.
 
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ class Documenter:
         more_content: StringList | None = None,
         real_modname: str | None = None,
         check_module: bool = False,
-        all_members: bool = False
+        all_members: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """Generate reST for the object given by *self.name*, and possibly for
         its members.
@@ -984,12 +984,12 @@ class ModuleDocumenter(Documenter):
                 self.add_line(line, src[0], src[1])
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         # don't document submodules automatically
         return False
 
-    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any
+    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any,
                      ) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
         if modname is not None:
             logger.warning(__('"::" in automodule name doesn\'t make sense'),
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ class ModuleLevelDocumenter(Documenter):
     Specialized Documenter subclass for objects on module level (functions,
     classes, data/constants).
     """
-    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any
+    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any,
                      ) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
         if modname is None:
             if path:
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ class ClassLevelDocumenter(Documenter):
     Specialized Documenter subclass for objects on class level (methods,
     attributes).
     """
-    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any
+    def resolve_name(self, modname: str, parents: Any, path: str, base: Any,
                      ) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
         if modname is None:
             if path:
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ class FunctionDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # typ
     member_order = 30
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         # supports functions, builtins and bound methods exported at the module level
         return (inspect.isfunction(member) or inspect.isbuiltin(member) or
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ class ClassDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # type:
         merge_members_option(self.options)
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         return isinstance(member, type) or (
             isattr and (inspect.isNewType(member) or isinstance(member, TypeVar)))
@@ -1829,7 +1829,7 @@ class ClassDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # type:
 
             more_content = StringList(
                 [_('alias of TypeVar(%s)') % ", ".join(attrs), ''],
-                source=''
+                source='',
             )
         if self.doc_as_attr and self.modname != self.get_real_modname():
             try:
@@ -1861,7 +1861,7 @@ class ClassDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # type:
         more_content: StringList | None = None,
         real_modname: str | None = None,
         check_module: bool = False,
-        all_members: bool = False
+        all_members: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         # Do not pass real_modname and use the name from the __module__
         # attribute of the class.
@@ -1884,7 +1884,7 @@ class ExceptionDocumenter(ClassDocumenter):
     priority = ClassDocumenter.priority + 5
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         return isinstance(member, type) and issubclass(member, BaseException)
 
@@ -1988,7 +1988,7 @@ class DataDocumenter(GenericAliasMixin,
     option_spec["no-value"] = bool_option
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         return isinstance(parent, ModuleDocumenter) and isattr
 
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@ class MethodDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ClassLevelDocumenter):  # type:
     priority = 1  # must be more than FunctionDocumenter
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         return inspect.isroutine(member) and not isinstance(parent, ModuleDocumenter)
 
@@ -2535,7 +2535,7 @@ class AttributeDocumenter(GenericAliasMixin, SlotsMixin,  # type: ignore
         return inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.isbuiltin(obj) or inspect.ismethod(obj)
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         if isinstance(parent, ModuleDocumenter):
             return False
@@ -2681,7 +2681,7 @@ class PropertyDocumenter(DocstringStripSignatureMixin, ClassLevelDocumenter):  #
     priority = AttributeDocumenter.priority + 1
 
     @classmethod
-    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any
+    def can_document_member(cls, member: Any, membername: str, isattr: bool, parent: Any,
                             ) -> bool:
         if isinstance(parent, ClassDocumenter):
             if inspect.isproperty(member):
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
index 8bc075068..dacb740e7 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class DocumenterBridge:
         self.state = state
 
 
-def process_documenter_options(documenter: type[Documenter], config: Config, options: dict
+def process_documenter_options(documenter: type[Documenter], config: Config, options: dict,
                                ) -> Options:
     """Recognize options of Documenter from user input."""
     for name in AUTODOC_DEFAULT_OPTIONS:
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def process_documenter_options(documenter: type[Documenter], config: Config, opt
     return Options(assemble_option_dict(options.items(), documenter.option_spec))
 
 
-def parse_generated_content(state: RSTState, content: StringList, documenter: Documenter
+def parse_generated_content(state: RSTState, content: StringList, documenter: Documenter,
                             ) -> list[Node]:
     """Parse an item of content generated by Documenter."""
     with switch_source_input(state, content):
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
index bbe9fef3c..20ab4994b 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def get_object_members(
     subject: Any,
     objpath: list[str],
     attrgetter: Callable,
-    analyzer: ModuleAnalyzer | None = None
+    analyzer: ModuleAnalyzer | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Attribute]:
     """Get members and attributes of target object."""
     from sphinx.ext.autodoc import INSTANCEATTR
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
index 6571f8189..a0ceb1ac2 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@ def setup(app: Sphinx) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     return {
         'version': sphinx.__display_version__,
-        'parallel_read_safe': True
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
     }
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
index 903883dce..809736ce0 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ def merge_typehints(app: Sphinx, domain: str, objtype: str, contentnode: Element
                     modify_field_list(field_list, annotations[fullname])
             elif app.config.autodoc_typehints_description_target == "documented_params":
                 augment_descriptions_with_types(
-                    field_list, annotations[fullname], force_rtype=True
+                    field_list, annotations[fullname], force_rtype=True,
                 )
             else:
                 augment_descriptions_with_types(
-                    field_list, annotations[fullname], force_rtype=False
+                    field_list, annotations[fullname], force_rtype=False,
                 )
 
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def modify_field_list(node: nodes.field_list, annotations: dict[str, str],
 def augment_descriptions_with_types(
     node: nodes.field_list,
     annotations: dict[str, str],
-    force_rtype: bool
+    force_rtype: bool,
 ) -> None:
     fields = cast(Iterable[nodes.field], node)
     has_description: set[str] = set()
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/__init__.py b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/__init__.py
index c28a01866..a60959c85 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/__init__.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class Autosummary(SphinxDirective):
         return nodes
 
     def import_by_name(
-        self, name: str, prefixes: list[str | None]
+        self, name: str, prefixes: list[str | None],
     ) -> tuple[str, Any, Any, str]:
         with mock(self.config.autosummary_mock_imports):
             try:
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ def get_import_prefixes_from_env(env: BuildEnvironment) -> list[str | None]:
 
 
 def import_by_name(
-    name: str, prefixes: list[str | None] = [None], grouped_exception: bool = True
+    name: str, prefixes: list[str | None] = [None], grouped_exception: bool = True,
 ) -> tuple[str, Any, Any, str]:
     """Import a Python object that has the given *name*, under one of the
     *prefixes*.  The first name that succeeds is used.
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
index 3991f9c6b..e9cc4f810 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def find_autosummary_in_files(filenames: list[str]) -> list[AutosummaryEntry]:
 
 
 def find_autosummary_in_docstring(
-    name: str, filename: str | None = None
+    name: str, filename: str | None = None,
 ) -> list[AutosummaryEntry]:
     """Find out what items are documented in the given object's docstring.
 
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ def find_autosummary_in_docstring(
 
 
 def find_autosummary_in_lines(
-    lines: list[str], module: str | None = None, filename: str | None = None
+    lines: list[str], module: str | None = None, filename: str | None = None,
 ) -> list[AutosummaryEntry]:
     """Find out what items appear in autosummary:: directives in the
     given lines.
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/doctest.py b/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
index e6981848a..7eadce804 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
@@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ class TestDirective(SphinxDirective):
 
 class TestsetupDirective(TestDirective):
     option_spec: OptionSpec = {
-        'skipif': directives.unchanged_required
+        'skipif': directives.unchanged_required,
     }
 
 
 class TestcleanupDirective(TestDirective):
     option_spec: OptionSpec = {
-        'skipif': directives.unchanged_required
+        'skipif': directives.unchanged_required,
     }
 
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class TestCode:
 
 
 class SphinxDocTestRunner(doctest.DocTestRunner):
-    def summarize(self, out: Callable, verbose: bool = None  # type: ignore
+    def summarize(self, out: Callable, verbose: bool = None,  # type: ignore
                   ) -> tuple[int, int]:
         string_io = StringIO()
         old_stdout = sys.stdout
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py b/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
index 26fd36cc7..4562a922b 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def make_link_role(name: str, base_url: str, caption: str) -> RoleFunction:
     # Remark: It is an implementation detail that we use Pythons %-formatting.
     # So far we only expose ``%s`` and require quoting of ``%`` using ``%%``.
     def role(typ: str, rawtext: str, text: str, lineno: int,
-             inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = []
+             inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = [],
              ) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
         text = utils.unescape(text)
         has_explicit_title, title, part = split_explicit_title(text)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
index 8023d6ef8..c0a99be08 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class GraphvizSimple(SphinxDirective):
 
 
 def render_dot(self: SphinxTranslator, code: str, options: dict, format: str,
-               prefix: str = 'graphviz', filename: str | None = None
+               prefix: str = 'graphviz', filename: str | None = None,
                ) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
     """Render graphviz code into a PNG or PDF output file."""
     graphviz_dot = options.get('graphviz_dot', self.builder.config.graphviz_dot)
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ def render_dot(self: SphinxTranslator, code: str, options: dict, format: str,
 
 def render_dot_html(self: HTML5Translator, node: graphviz, code: str, options: dict,
                     prefix: str = 'graphviz', imgcls: str | None = None,
-                    alt: str | None = None, filename: str | None = None
+                    alt: str | None = None, filename: str | None = None,
                     ) -> tuple[str, str]:
     format = self.builder.config.graphviz_output_format
     try:
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ def html_visit_graphviz(self: HTML5Translator, node: graphviz) -> None:
 
 
 def render_dot_latex(self: LaTeXTranslator, node: graphviz, code: str,
-                     options: dict, prefix: str = 'graphviz', filename: str | None = None
+                     options: dict, prefix: str = 'graphviz', filename: str | None = None,
                      ) -> None:
     try:
         fname, outfn = render_dot(self, code, options, 'pdf', prefix, filename)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py b/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
index ed2540cc3..511e60404 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ImagemagickConverter(ImageConverter):
                 "'sphinx.ext.imgconverter' requires ImageMagick by default. "
                 "Ensure it is installed, or set the 'image_converter' option "
                 "to a custom conversion command.\n\n"
-                "Traceback: %s"
+                "Traceback: %s",
             ), self.config.image_converter, exc)
             return False
         except CalledProcessError as exc:
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
index 5e8064d1c..e9de17750 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class MathExtError(SphinxError):
     category = 'Math extension error'
 
     def __init__(
-        self, msg: str, stderr: str | None = None, stdout: str | None = None
+        self, msg: str, stderr: str | None = None, stdout: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if stderr:
             msg += '\n[stderr]\n' + stderr
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def generate_latex_macro(image_format: str,
         'baselineskip': int(round(config.imgmath_font_size * 1.2)),
         'preamble': config.imgmath_latex_preamble,
         'tightpage': '' if image_format == 'png' else ',tightpage',
-        'math': math
+        'math': math,
     }
 
     if config.imgmath_use_preview:
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
index 877fb22d0..8994f578c 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
     """
     def __init__(self, class_names: list[str], currmodule: str, show_builtins: bool = False,
                  private_bases: bool = False, parts: int = 0,
-                 aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None, top_classes: list[Any] = []
+                 aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None, top_classes: list[Any] = [],
                  ) -> None:
         """*class_names* is a list of child classes to show bases from.
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
         return classes
 
     def _class_info(self, classes: list[Any], show_builtins: bool, private_bases: bool,
-                    parts: int, aliases: dict[str, str], top_classes: list[Any]
+                    parts: int, aliases: dict[str, str], top_classes: list[Any],
                     ) -> list[tuple[str, str, list[str], str]]:
         """Return name and bases for all classes that are ancestors of
         *classes*.
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
         return list(all_classes.values())
 
     def class_name(
-        self, cls: Any, parts: int = 0, aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None
+        self, cls: Any, parts: int = 0, aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None,
     ) -> str:
         """Given a class object, return a fully-qualified name.
 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
 
     def generate_dot(self, name: str, urls: dict[str, str] = {},
                      env: BuildEnvironment | None = None,
-                     graph_attrs: dict = {}, node_attrs: dict = {}, edge_attrs: dict = {}
+                     graph_attrs: dict = {}, node_attrs: dict = {}, edge_attrs: dict = {},
                      ) -> str:
         """Generate a graphviz dot graph from the classes that were passed in
         to __init__.
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def latex_visit_inheritance_diagram(self: LaTeXTranslator, node: inheritance_dia
     raise nodes.SkipNode
 
 
-def texinfo_visit_inheritance_diagram(self: TexinfoTranslator, node: inheritance_diagram
+def texinfo_visit_inheritance_diagram(self: TexinfoTranslator, node: inheritance_diagram,
                                       ) -> None:
     """
     Output the graph for Texinfo.  This will insert a PNG.
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx.py b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx.py
index 6161b6a3e..0cd5b0c0c 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx.py
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ def fetch_inventory(app: Sphinx, uri: str, inv: Any) -> Any:
 
 
 def fetch_inventory_group(
-    name: str, uri: str, invs: Any, cache: Any, app: Any, now: float
+    name: str, uri: str, invs: Any, cache: Any, app: Any, now: float,
 ) -> bool:
     cache_time = now - app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit * 86400
     failures = []
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def load_mappings(app: Sphinx) -> None:
         futures = []
         for name, (uri, invs) in app.config.intersphinx_mapping.values():
             futures.append(pool.submit(
-                fetch_inventory_group, name, uri, invs, inventories.cache, app, now
+                fetch_inventory_group, name, uri, invs, inventories.cache, app, now,
             ))
         updated = [f.result() for f in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures)]
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ def _resolve_reference_in_domain(env: BuildEnvironment,
                                  inv_name: str | None, inventory: Inventory,
                                  honor_disabled_refs: bool,
                                  domain: Domain, objtypes: list[str],
-                                 node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement
+                                 node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement,
                                  ) -> Element | None:
     # we adjust the object types for backwards compatibility
     if domain.name == 'std' and 'cmdoption' in objtypes:
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ def inventory_exists(env: BuildEnvironment, inv_name: str) -> bool:
 
 def resolve_reference_in_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
                                    inv_name: str,
-                                   node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement
+                                   node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement,
                                    ) -> Element | None:
     """Attempt to resolve a missing reference via intersphinx references.
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ def resolve_reference_in_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
 
 def resolve_reference_any_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
                                     honor_disabled_refs: bool,
-                                    node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement
+                                    node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement,
                                     ) -> Element | None:
     """Attempt to resolve a missing reference via intersphinx references.
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ def resolve_reference_any_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
 
 
 def resolve_reference_detect_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
-                                       node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement
+                                       node: pending_xref, contnode: TextElement,
                                        ) -> Element | None:
     """Attempt to resolve a missing reference via intersphinx references.
 
@@ -474,8 +474,9 @@ class IntersphinxDispatcher(CustomReSTDispatcher):
     This enables :external:***:/:external+***: roles on parsing reST document.
     """
 
-    def role(self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter
-             ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
+    def role(
+        self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter,
+    ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
         if len(role_name) > 9 and role_name.startswith(('external:', 'external+')):
             return IntersphinxRole(role_name), []
         else:
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ def setup(app: Sphinx) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {
         'version': sphinx.__display_version__,
         'env_version': 1,
-        'parallel_read_safe': True
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
     }
 
 
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
index c58c091ff..d9d60c20a 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ _xref_or_code_regex = re.compile(
     r'((?::(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]+[\-_+:.])*[a-zA-Z0-9]+:`.+?`)|'
     r'(?:``.+?``))')
 _xref_regex = re.compile(
-    r'(?:(?::(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]+[\-_+:.])*[a-zA-Z0-9]+:)?`.+?`)'
+    r'(?:(?::(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]+[\-_+:.])*[a-zA-Z0-9]+:)?`.+?`)',
 )
 _bullet_list_regex = re.compile(r'^(\*|\+|\-)(\s+\S|\s*$)')
 _enumerated_list_regex = re.compile(
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ _token_regex = re.compile(
     r"(,\sor\s|\sor\s|\sof\s|:\s|\sto\s|,\sand\s|\sand\s|,\s"
     r"|[{]|[}]"
     r'|"(?:\\"|[^"])*"'
-    r"|'(?:\\'|[^'])*')"
+    r"|'(?:\\'|[^'])*')",
 )
 _default_regex = re.compile(
     r"^default[^_0-9A-Za-z].*$",
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
         what: str = '',
         name: str = '',
         obj: Any = None,
-        options: Any = None
+        options: Any = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._config = config
         self._app = app
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
             line = self._lines.get(0)
         return lines
 
-    def _consume_field(self, parse_type: bool = True, prefer_type: bool = False
+    def _consume_field(self, parse_type: bool = True, prefer_type: bool = False,
                        ) -> tuple[str, str, list[str]]:
         line = self._lines.next()
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
         _descs = self.__class__(_descs, self._config).lines()
         return _type, _descs
 
-    def _consume_returns_section(self, preprocess_types: bool = False
+    def _consume_returns_section(self, preprocess_types: bool = False,
                                  ) -> list[tuple[str, str, list[str]]]:
         lines = self._dedent(self._consume_to_next_section())
         if lines:
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
             return ['.. %s::' % admonition, '']
 
     def _format_block(
-        self, prefix: str, lines: list[str], padding: str | None = None
+        self, prefix: str, lines: list[str], padding: str | None = None,
     ) -> list[str]:
         if lines:
             if padding is None:
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
             return [prefix]
 
     def _format_docutils_params(self, fields: list[tuple[str, str, list[str]]],
-                                field_role: str = 'param', type_role: str = 'type'
+                                field_role: str = 'param', type_role: str = 'type',
                                 ) -> list[str]:
         lines = []
         for _name, _type, _desc in fields:
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
         else:
             return [field]
 
-    def _format_fields(self, field_type: str, fields: list[tuple[str, str, list[str]]]
+    def _format_fields(self, field_type: str, fields: list[tuple[str, str, list[str]]],
                        ) -> list[str]:
         field_type = ':%s:' % field_type.strip()
         padding = ' ' * len(field_type)
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
                 if not hasattr(self, "_annotations"):
                     localns = getattr(self._config, "autodoc_type_aliases", {})
                     localns.update(getattr(
-                                   self._config, "napoleon_type_aliases", {}
+                                   self._config, "napoleon_type_aliases", {},
                                    ) or {})
                     self._annotations = get_type_hints(self._obj, None, localns)
                 if _name in self._annotations:
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ def _token_type(token: str, location: str | None = None) -> str:
 
 
 def _convert_numpy_type_spec(
-    _type: str, location: str | None = None, translations: dict = {}
+    _type: str, location: str | None = None, translations: dict = {},
 ) -> str:
     def convert_obj(obj, translations, default_translation):
         translation = translations.get(obj, obj)
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ class NumpyDocstring(GoogleDocstring):
         what: str = '',
         name: str = '',
         obj: Any = None,
-        options: Any = None
+        options: Any = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._directive_sections = ['.. index::']
         super().__init__(docstring, config, app, what, name, obj, options)
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ class NumpyDocstring(GoogleDocstring):
         else:
             return func(name)
 
-    def _consume_field(self, parse_type: bool = True, prefer_type: bool = False
+    def _consume_field(self, parse_type: bool = True, prefer_type: bool = False,
                        ) -> tuple[str, str, list[str]]:
         line = self._lines.next()
         if parse_type:
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ class NumpyDocstring(GoogleDocstring):
         _desc = self.__class__(_desc, self._config).lines()
         return _name, _type, _desc
 
-    def _consume_returns_section(self, preprocess_types: bool = False
+    def _consume_returns_section(self, preprocess_types: bool = False,
                                  ) -> list[tuple[str, str, list[str]]]:
         return self._consume_fields(prefer_type=True)
 
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/todo.py b/sphinx/ext/todo.py
index a21f36ec1..589ff4e10 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/todo.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/todo.py
@@ -239,5 +239,5 @@ def setup(app: Sphinx) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {
         'version': sphinx.__display_version__,
         'env_version': 2,
-        'parallel_read_safe': True
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
     }
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py b/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
index 321c390ca..232363d6d 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
@@ -336,5 +336,5 @@ def setup(app: Sphinx) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return {
         'version': sphinx.__display_version__,
         'env_version': 1,
-        'parallel_read_safe': True
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
     }
diff --git a/sphinx/io.py b/sphinx/io.py
index b9e6147ff..f2a0369ad 100644
--- a/sphinx/io.py
+++ b/sphinx/io.py
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def create_publisher(app: Sphinx, filetype: str) -> Publisher:
         parser=parser,
         writer=SphinxDummyWriter(),
         source_class=SphinxFileInput,
-        destination=NullOutput()
+        destination=NullOutput(),
     )
     # Propagate exceptions by default when used programmatically:
     defaults = {"traceback": True, **app.env.settings}
diff --git a/sphinx/jinja2glue.py b/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
index 47670c925..8a25ed6b2 100644
--- a/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
+++ b/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class BuiltinTemplateLoader(TemplateBridge, BaseLoader):
         self,
         builder: Builder,
         theme: Theme | None = None,
-        dirs: list[str] | None = None
+        dirs: list[str] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         # create a chain of paths to search
         if theme:
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py b/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
index 9ffb607db..c899410bd 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
         return filename, None
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_string(cls, string: str, modname: str, srcname: str = '<string>'
+    def for_string(cls, string: str, modname: str, srcname: str = '<string>',
                    ) -> ModuleAnalyzer:
         return cls(string, modname, srcname)
 
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/ast.py b/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
index 702006817..58c0fc056 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def parse(code: str, mode: str = 'exec') -> ast.AST:
     """Parse the *code* using the built-in ast module."""
     warnings.warn(
         "'sphinx.pycode.ast.parse' is deprecated, use 'ast.parse' instead.",
-        RemovedInSphinx70Warning, stacklevel=2
+        RemovedInSphinx70Warning, stacklevel=2,
     )
     try:
         return ast.parse(code, mode=mode, type_comments=True)
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
index 49ef4f7ff..cddb8bcf5 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
         try:
             targets = get_assign_targets(node)
             varnames: list[str] = sum(
-                [get_lvar_names(t, self=self.get_self()) for t in targets], []
+                [get_lvar_names(t, self=self.get_self()) for t in targets], [],
             )
             current_line = self.get_line(node.lineno)
         except TypeError:
diff --git a/sphinx/pygments_styles.py b/sphinx/pygments_styles.py
index 327799b82..f0bc60519 100644
--- a/sphinx/pygments_styles.py
+++ b/sphinx/pygments_styles.py
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@ class PyramidStyle(Style):
         Generic.Output:            "#888",
         Generic.Traceback:         "#04D",
 
-        Error:                     "#a40000 bg:#fbe3e4"
+        Error:                     "#a40000 bg:#fbe3e4",
     }
diff --git a/sphinx/registry.py b/sphinx/registry.py
index f0dfefe24..be70e117b 100644
--- a/sphinx/registry.py
+++ b/sphinx/registry.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # list of deprecated extensions. Keys are extension name.
 # Values are Sphinx version that merge the extension.
 EXTENSION_BLACKLIST = {
-    "sphinxjp.themecore": "1.2"
+    "sphinxjp.themecore": "1.2",
 }
 
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
         directives[name] = cls
 
     def add_role_to_domain(self, domain: str, name: str,
-                           role: RoleFunction | XRefRole, override: bool = False
+                           role: RoleFunction | XRefRole, override: bool = False,
                            ) -> None:
         logger.debug('[app] adding role to domain: %r', (domain, name, role))
         if domain not in self.domains:
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
         ref_nodeclass: type[TextElement] | None = None,
         objname: str = '',
         doc_field_types: list = [],
-        override: bool = False
+        override: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         logger.debug('[app] adding object type: %r',
                      (directivename, rolename, indextemplate, parse_node,
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
         indextemplate: str = '',
         ref_nodeclass: type[TextElement] | None = None,
         objname: str = '',
-        override: bool = False
+        override: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         logger.debug('[app] adding crossref type: %r',
                      (directivename, rolename, indextemplate, ref_nodeclass, objname))
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
             except ValueError as exc:
                 raise ExtensionError(
                     __('kwargs for add_node() must be a (visit, depart) '
-                       'function tuple: %r=%r') % (builder_name, handlers)
+                       'function tuple: %r=%r') % (builder_name, handlers),
                 ) from exc
 
     def get_translator_class(self, builder: Builder) -> type[nodes.NodeVisitor]:
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
         self,
         node: type[Node],
         figtype: str,
-        title_getter: TitleGetter | None = None, override: bool = False
+        title_getter: TitleGetter | None = None, override: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         logger.debug('[app] adding enumerable node: (%r, %r, %r)', node, figtype, title_getter)
         if node in self.enumerable_nodes and not override:
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:
                     raise VersionRequirementError(
                         __('The %s extension used by this project needs at least '
                            'Sphinx v%s; it therefore cannot be built with this '
-                           'version.') % (extname, err)
+                           'version.') % (extname, err),
                     ) from err
 
             if metadata is None:
diff --git a/sphinx/roles.py b/sphinx/roles.py
index fa80defb7..6a3558f02 100644
--- a/sphinx/roles.py
+++ b/sphinx/roles.py
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ class Abbreviation(SphinxRole):
 # TODO: Change to use `SphinxRole` once SphinxRole is fixed to support options.
 def code_role(name: str, rawtext: str, text: str, lineno: int,
               inliner: docutils.parsers.rst.states.Inliner,
-              options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = []
+              options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = [],
               ) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
     options = options.copy()
     docutils.parsers.rst.roles.set_classes(options)
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/util.py b/sphinx/testing/util.py
index 960eef761..4722f9dc5 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/util.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/util.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class SphinxTestApp(application.Sphinx):
         warning: IO | None = None,
         tags: list[str] | None = None,
         docutilsconf: str | None = None,
-        parallel: int = 0
+        parallel: int = 0,
     ) -> None:
 
         if docutilsconf is not None:
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py b/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
index da102f942..f36473084 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/__init__.py
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class GlossarySorter(SphinxTransform):
                     definition_list,
                     key=lambda item: unicodedata.normalize(
                         'NFD',
-                        cast(nodes.term, item)[0].astext().lower())
+                        cast(nodes.term, item)[0].astext().lower()),
                 )
 
 
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py b/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
index 240d29594..ae59a9f80 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class Locale(SphinxTransform):
             # ignore unexpected markups in translation message
             unexpected: tuple[type[Element], ...] = (
                 nodes.paragraph,    # expected form of translation
-                nodes.title         # generated by above "Subelements phase2"
+                nodes.title,         # generated by above "Subelements phase2"
             )
 
             # following types are expected if
@@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ class Locale(SphinxTransform):
 
             is_autofootnote_ref = NodeMatcher(nodes.footnote_reference, auto=Any)
             old_foot_refs: list[nodes.footnote_reference] = list(
-                node.findall(is_autofootnote_ref)
+                node.findall(is_autofootnote_ref),
             )
             new_foot_refs: list[nodes.footnote_reference] = list(
-                patch.findall(is_autofootnote_ref)
+                patch.findall(is_autofootnote_ref),
             )
             if not noqa and len(old_foot_refs) != len(new_foot_refs):
                 old_foot_ref_rawsources = [ref.rawsource for ref in old_foot_refs]
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class Locale(SphinxTransform):
             is_citation_ref = NodeMatcher(nodes.citation_reference, refname=Any)
             old_cite_refs: list[nodes.citation_reference] = list(node.findall(is_citation_ref))
             new_cite_refs: list[nodes.citation_reference] = list(
-                patch.findall(is_citation_ref)
+                patch.findall(is_citation_ref),
             )
             refname_ids_map = {}
             if not noqa and len(old_cite_refs) != len(new_cite_refs):
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/__init__.py b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/__init__.py
index 2fabf509a..adc380a62 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/__init__.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class ReferencesResolver(SphinxPostTransform):
             node.replace_self(newnodes)
 
     def resolve_anyref(
-        self, refdoc: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+        self, refdoc: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element,
     ) -> Element | None:
         """Resolve reference generated by the "any" role."""
         stddomain = self.env.get_domain('std')
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class ReferencesResolver(SphinxPostTransform):
             msg = __('%r reference target not found: %s') % (typ, target)
         logger.warning(msg, location=node, type='ref', subtype=typ)
 
-    def find_pending_xref_condition(self, node: pending_xref, conditions: Sequence[str]
+    def find_pending_xref_condition(self, node: pending_xref, conditions: Sequence[str],
                                     ) -> list[Node] | None:
         for condition in conditions:
             matched = find_pending_xref_condition(node, condition)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/docfields.py b/sphinx/util/docfields.py
index 299fd1fbb..84905fea4 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/docfields.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/docfields.py
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class DocFieldTransformer:
                         self.directive.domain,
                         target,
                         contnode=content[0],
-                        env=self.directive.state.document.settings.env
+                        env=self.directive.state.document.settings.env,
                     )
                     if _is_single_paragraph(field_body):
                         paragraph = cast(nodes.paragraph, field_body[0])
diff --git a/sphinx/util/docutils.py b/sphinx/util/docutils.py
index 6006c02e9..b603923b7 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/docutils.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/docutils.py
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class CustomReSTDispatcher:
         self.enable()
 
     def __exit__(
-        self, exc_type: type[Exception], exc_value: Exception, traceback: Any
+        self, exc_type: type[Exception], exc_value: Exception, traceback: Any,
     ) -> None:
         self.disable()
 
@@ -269,12 +269,13 @@ class CustomReSTDispatcher:
         roles.role = self.role_func
 
     def directive(self,
-                  directive_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, document: nodes.document
+                  directive_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, document: nodes.document,
                   ) -> tuple[type[Directive] | None, list[system_message]]:
         return self.directive_func(directive_name, language_module, document)
 
-    def role(self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter
-             ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
+    def role(
+        self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter,
+    ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
         return self.role_func(role_name, language_module, lineno, reporter)
 
 
@@ -321,15 +322,16 @@ class sphinx_domains(CustomReSTDispatcher):
         raise ElementLookupError
 
     def directive(self,
-                  directive_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, document: nodes.document
+                  directive_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, document: nodes.document,
                   ) -> tuple[type[Directive] | None, list[system_message]]:
         try:
             return self.lookup_domain_element('directive', directive_name)
         except ElementLookupError:
             return super().directive(directive_name, language_module, document)
 
-    def role(self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter
-             ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
+    def role(
+        self, role_name: str, language_module: ModuleType, lineno: int, reporter: Reporter,
+    ) -> tuple[RoleFunction, list[system_message]]:
         try:
             return self.lookup_domain_element('role', role_name)
         except ElementLookupError:
@@ -465,7 +467,7 @@ class SphinxRole:
                         #: (from the "role" directive).
 
     def __call__(self, name: str, rawtext: str, text: str, lineno: int,
-                 inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = []
+                 inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = [],
                  ) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
         self.rawtext = rawtext
         self.text = unescape(text)
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ class ReferenceRole(SphinxRole):
     explicit_title_re = re.compile(r'^(.+?)\s*(?<!\x00)<(.*?)>$', re.DOTALL)
 
     def __call__(self, name: str, rawtext: str, text: str, lineno: int,
-                 inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = []
+                 inliner: Inliner, options: dict = {}, content: list[str] = [],
                  ) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
         # if the first character is a bang, don't cross-reference at all
         self.disabled = text.startswith('!')
diff --git a/sphinx/util/i18n.py b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
index b20fc016b..3069b5458 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def babel_format_date(date: datetime, format: str, locale: str,
 
 
 def format_date(
-    format: str, date: datetime | None = None, language: str | None = None
+    format: str, date: datetime | None = None, language: str | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     if date is None:
         # If time is not specified, try to use $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH variable
diff --git a/sphinx/util/images.py b/sphinx/util/images.py
index 8e9c8bc7c..7297e1699 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/images.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/images.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ mime_suffixes = {
     '.pdf': 'application/pdf',
     '.svg': 'image/svg+xml',
     '.svgz': 'image/svg+xml',
-    '.ai': 'application/illustrator'
+    '.ai': 'application/illustrator',
 }
 _suffix_from_mime = {v: k for k, v in reversed(mime_suffixes.items())}
 
diff --git a/sphinx/util/inspect.py b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
index 47776d65b..8e98ca447 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/inspect.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ def _should_unwrap(subject: Callable) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def signature(subject: Callable, bound_method: bool = False, type_aliases: dict = {}
+def signature(subject: Callable, bound_method: bool = False, type_aliases: dict = {},
               ) -> inspect.Signature:
     """Return a Signature object for the given *subject*.
 
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ def signature(subject: Callable, bound_method: bool = False, type_aliases: dict
 
 
 def evaluate_signature(sig: inspect.Signature, globalns: dict | None = None,
-                       localns: dict | None = None
+                       localns: dict | None = None,
                        ) -> inspect.Signature:
     """Evaluate unresolved type annotations in a signature object."""
     def evaluate_forwardref(ref: ForwardRef, globalns: dict, localns: dict) -> Any:
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ def signature_from_ast(node: ast.FunctionDef, code: str = '') -> inspect.Signatu
             default = Parameter.empty
         else:
             default = DefaultValue(
-                ast_unparse(defaults[i + posonlyargs], code)  # type: ignore
+                ast_unparse(defaults[i + posonlyargs], code),  # type: ignore
             )
 
         annotation = ast_unparse(arg.annotation, code) or Parameter.empty
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ def getdoc(
     attrgetter: Callable = safe_getattr,
     allow_inherited: bool = False,
     cls: Any = None,
-    name: str | None = None
+    name: str | None = None,
 ) -> str | None:
     """Get the docstring for the object.
 
diff --git a/sphinx/util/jsdump.py b/sphinx/util/jsdump.py
index e2014716b..4a14fbf6c 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/jsdump.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/jsdump.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def dumps(obj: Any, key: bool = False) -> str:
         return str(obj)
     elif isinstance(obj, dict):
         return '{%s}' % ','.join(
-            sorted(f'{dumps(key, True)}:{dumps(value)}' for key, value in obj.items())
+            sorted(f'{dumps(key, True)}:{dumps(value)}' for key, value in obj.items()),
         )
     elif isinstance(obj, set):
         return '[%s]' % ','.join(sorted(dumps(x) for x in obj))
diff --git a/sphinx/util/logging.py b/sphinx/util/logging.py
index 6804dd3ca..da7f01ba0 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/logging.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/logging.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ COLOR_MAP = defaultdict(lambda: 'blue',
                         {
                             logging.ERROR: 'darkred',
                             logging.WARNING: 'red',
-                            logging.DEBUG: 'darkgray'
+                            logging.DEBUG: 'darkgray',
                         })
 
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class SphinxLoggerAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
     KEYWORDS = ['type', 'subtype', 'location', 'nonl', 'color', 'once']
 
     def log(  # type: ignore[override]
-        self, level: int | str, msg: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+        self, level: int | str, msg: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         if isinstance(level, int):
             super().log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/nodes.py b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
index 95ff063c4..1b43bd72e 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/nodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def get_prev_node(node: Node) -> Node | None:
 
 
 def traverse_translatable_index(
-    doctree: Element
+    doctree: Element,
 ) -> Iterable[tuple[Element, list[IndexEntry]]]:
     """Traverse translatable index node from a document tree."""
     matcher = NodeMatcher(addnodes.index, inline=False)
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ indextypes = [
 ]
 
 
-def process_index_entry(entry: str, targetid: str
+def process_index_entry(entry: str, targetid: str,
                         ) -> list[tuple[str, str, str, str, str | None]]:
     from sphinx.domains.python import pairindextypes
 
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ def process_index_entry(entry: str, targetid: str
 
 
 def inline_all_toctrees(builder: Builder, docnameset: set[str], docname: str,
-                        tree: nodes.document, colorfunc: Callable, traversed: list[str]
+                        tree: nodes.document, colorfunc: Callable, traversed: list[str],
                         ) -> nodes.document:
     """Inline all toctrees in the *tree*.
 
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ def make_id(env: BuildEnvironment, document: nodes.document,
     return node_id
 
 
-def find_pending_xref_condition(node: addnodes.pending_xref, condition: str
+def find_pending_xref_condition(node: addnodes.pending_xref, condition: str,
                                 ) -> Element | None:
     """Pick matched pending_xref_condition node up from the pending_xref."""
     for subnode in node:
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ def find_pending_xref_condition(node: addnodes.pending_xref, condition: str
 
 
 def make_refnode(builder: Builder, fromdocname: str, todocname: str, targetid: str | None,
-                 child: Node | list[Node], title: str | None = None
+                 child: Node | list[Node], title: str | None = None,
                  ) -> nodes.reference:
     """Shortcut to create a reference node."""
     node = nodes.reference('', '', internal=True)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/osutil.py b/sphinx/util/osutil.py
index f6b13c899..15f5b408a 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/osutil.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/osutil.py
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class FileAvoidWrite:
         return self
 
     def __exit__(
-        self, exc_type: type[Exception], exc_value: Exception, traceback: Any
+        self, exc_type: type[Exception], exc_value: Exception, traceback: Any,
     ) -> bool:
         self.close()
         return True
diff --git a/sphinx/util/parallel.py b/sphinx/util/parallel.py
index 16bb5f200..928d5b0dc 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/parallel.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/parallel.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class SerialTasks:
         pass
 
     def add_task(
-        self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any = None, result_func: Callable | None = None
+        self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any = None, result_func: Callable | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if arg is not None:
             res = task_func(arg)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ParallelTasks:
         pipe.send((failed, collector.logs, ret))
 
     def add_task(
-        self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any = None, result_func: Callable | None = None
+        self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any = None, result_func: Callable | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         tid = self._taskid
         self._taskid += 1
diff --git a/sphinx/util/template.py b/sphinx/util/template.py
index 557795053..2bcfd28fc 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/template.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/template.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class SphinxRenderer(FileRenderer):
 
 class LaTeXRenderer(SphinxRenderer):
     def __init__(
-        self, template_path: str | None = None, latex_engine: str | None = None
+        self, template_path: str | None = None, latex_engine: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if template_path is None:
             template_path = os.path.join(package_dir, 'templates', 'latex')
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class LaTeXRenderer(SphinxRenderer):
 
 class ReSTRenderer(SphinxRenderer):
     def __init__(
-        self, template_path: None | str | list[str] = None, language: str | None = None
+        self, template_path: None | str | list[str] = None, language: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(template_path)
 
diff --git a/sphinx/util/typing.py b/sphinx/util/typing.py
index e49e084b1..3f2acb822 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/typing.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/typing.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Inventory = Dict[str, Dict[str, InventoryItem]]
 
 
 def get_type_hints(
-    obj: Any, globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None, localns: dict | None = None
+    obj: Any, globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None, localns: dict | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Return a dictionary containing type hints for a function, method, module or class
     object.
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def stringify_annotation(
                 qualname = annotation_qualname
             else:
                 qualname = stringify_annotation(
-                    annotation.__origin__, 'fully-qualified-except-typing'
+                    annotation.__origin__, 'fully-qualified-except-typing',
                 ).replace('typing.', '')  # ex. Union
     elif annotation_qualname:
         qualname = annotation_qualname
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/_html4.py b/sphinx/writers/_html4.py
index 347dec78f..927309fca 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/_html4.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/_html4.py
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class HTML4Translator(SphinxTranslator, BaseTranslator):
 
         highlighted = self.highlighter.highlight_block(
             node.rawsource, lang, opts=opts, linenos=linenos,
-            location=node, **highlight_args
+            location=node, **highlight_args,
         )
         starttag = self.starttag(node, 'div', suffix='',
                                  CLASS='highlight-%s notranslate' % lang)
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/html5.py b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
index 8cccfd2dd..afd873908 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/html5.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class HTML5Translator(SphinxTranslator, BaseTranslator):
 
         highlighted = self.highlighter.highlight_block(
             node.rawsource, lang, opts=opts, linenos=linenos,
-            location=node, **highlight_args
+            location=node, **highlight_args,
         )
         starttag = self.starttag(node, 'div', suffix='',
                                  CLASS='highlight-%s notranslate' % lang)
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/latex.py b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
index 8f19e0946..5af951661 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/latex.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Table:
                 self.cells[(self.row + row, self.col + col)] = self.cell_id
 
     def cell(
-        self, row: int | None = None, col: int | None = None
+        self, row: int | None = None, col: int | None = None,
     ) -> TableCell | None:
         """Returns a cell object (i.e. rectangular area) containing given position.
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
     def astext(self) -> str:
         self.elements.update({
             'body': ''.join(self.body),
-            'indices': self.generate_indices()
+            'indices': self.generate_indices(),
         })
         return self.render('latex.tex_t', self.elements)
 
@@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
 
             hlcode = self.highlighter.highlight_block(
                 node.rawsource, lang, opts=opts, linenos=linenos,
-                location=node, **highlight_args
+                location=node, **highlight_args,
             )
             if self.in_footnote:
                 self.body.append(CR + r'\sphinxSetupCodeBlockInFootnote')
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
index 1d72e4130..22817b03c 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class TexinfoTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
             'copyright': self.escape(self.config.copyright),
             'date': self.escape(self.config.today or
                                 format_date(self.config.today_fmt or _('%b %d, %Y'),
-                                            language=self.config.language))
+                                            language=self.config.language)),
         })
         # title
         title: str = self.settings.title
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ class TexinfoTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
     # TODO: move this to sphinx.util
 
     def collect_footnotes(
-        self, node: Element
+        self, node: Element,
     ) -> dict[str, list[collected_footnote | bool]]:
         def footnotes_under(n: Element) -> Iterator[nodes.footnote]:
             if isinstance(n, nodes.footnote):
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/text.py b/sphinx/writers/text.py
index 976ba504a..3bce03ac6 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/text.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/text.py
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ class Table:
                     linestr.append(
                         " " +
                         physical_text.ljust(
-                            self.cell_width(cell, self.measured_widths) + 1 + adjust_len
-                        ) + "|"
+                            self.cell_width(cell, self.measured_widths) + 1 + adjust_len,
+                        ) + "|",
                     )
                 out.append("".join(linestr))
         out.append(writesep("-"))
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ class TextTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
 
     def visit_entry(self, node: Element) -> None:
         self.entry = Cell(
-            rowspan=node.get("morerows", 0) + 1, colspan=node.get("morecols", 0) + 1
+            rowspan=node.get("morerows", 0) + 1, colspan=node.get("morecols", 0) + 1,
         )
         self.new_state(0)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py
index e297effce..a7a4e7093 100644
--- a/tests/test_application.py
+++ b/tests/test_application.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_instantiation(tmp_path_factory, rootdir: str, monkeypatch):
     app_ = SphinxTestApp(
         srcdir=path(src_dir),
         status=StringIO(),
-        warning=StringIO()
+        warning=StringIO(),
     )
     sys.path[:] = syspath
     app_.cleanup()
diff --git a/tests/test_build_epub.py b/tests/test_build_epub.py
index e183c9c17..1827233a3 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_epub.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_epub.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class EPUBElementTree:
         'ibooks': 'http://vocabulary.itunes.apple.com/rdf/ibooks/vocabulary-extensions-1.0/',
         'ncx': 'http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/ncx/',
         'xhtml': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml',
-        'epub': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops'
+        'epub': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops',
     }
 
     def __init__(self, tree):
diff --git a/tests/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_build_html.py
index 5a0ca59fe..2b4143d87 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_html.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_html.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def flat_dict(d):
         [
             zip(cycle([fname]), values)
             for fname, values in d.items()
-        ]
+        ],
     )
 
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ def test_html4_deprecation(make_app, tempdir):
     'otherext.html': [
         (".//h1", "Generated section"),
         (".//a[@href='_sources/otherext.foo.txt']", ''),
-    ]
+    ],
 }))
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('html', tags=['testtag'],
                     confoverrides={'html_context.hckey_co': 'hcval_co'})
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ def test_html_sidebar(app, status, warning):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('fname,expect', flat_dict({
     'index.html': [(".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/man.1']", "", True),
                    (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/ls.1']", "", True),
-                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/sphinx.']", "", True)]
+                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/sphinx.']", "", True)],
 
 }))
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='manpage_url', confoverrides={
diff --git a/tests/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_build_latex.py
index 0a56282b4..946e6ded2 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_latex.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_latex.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def test_latex_basic(app, status, warning):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
                     confoverrides={
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')]
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
                     })
 def test_latex_basic_manual(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def test_latex_basic_manual(app, status, warning):
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
                     confoverrides={
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')]
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
                     })
 def test_latex_basic_howto(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def test_latex_basic_howto(app, status, warning):
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
                     confoverrides={
                         'language': 'ja',
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')]
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
                     })
 def test_latex_basic_manual_ja(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def test_latex_basic_manual_ja(app, status, warning):
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
                     confoverrides={
                         'language': 'ja',
-                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')]
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
                     })
 def test_latex_basic_howto_ja(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part(app, status, warning):
     confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part',
                    'latex_documents': [
                        ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
-                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto')
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
                    ]})
 def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part_with_howto(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter(app, status, warning):
     confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter',
                    'latex_documents': [
                        ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
-                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto')
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
                    ]})
 def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter_with_howto(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
diff --git a/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py b/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
index 0374e5d3f..57a4075b9 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import base64
 import http.server
 import json
 import re
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ from queue import Queue
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-import requests
 
 from sphinx.builders.linkcheck import HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker, RateLimit
 from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def test_defaults_json(app):
         'status': 'working',
         'code': 0,
         'uri': 'https://www.google.com#!bar',
-        'info': ''
+        'info': '',
     }
     # looking for non-existent URL should fail
     dnerow = rowsby['https://localhost:7777/doesnotexist']
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def test_defaults_json(app):
         'status': 'broken',
         'code': 0,
         'uri': 'https://www.google.com/image2.png',
-        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: https://www.google.com/image2.png'
+        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: https://www.google.com/image2.png',
     }
     # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
     assert rowsby["https://www.google.com/#top"]["info"] == "Anchor 'top' not found"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_defaults_json(app):
         'status': 'redirected',
         'code': 302,
         'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/',
-        'info': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/'
+        'info': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/',
     }
 
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def test_defaults_json(app):
                        'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/',
                        'https://www.google.com/image.png',
                        'https://www.google.com/image2.png',
-                       'path/to/notfound']
+                       'path/to/notfound'],
                    })
 def test_anchors_ignored(app):
     app.build()
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ def test_auth_header_uses_first_match(app, capsys):
     with http_server(HeadersDumperHandler):
         app.build()
     stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    auth = requests.auth._basic_auth_str('user1', 'password')
-    assert "Authorization: %s\n" % auth in stdout
+    encoded_auth = base64.b64encode(b'user1:password').decode('ascii')
+    assert f"Authorization: Basic {encoded_auth}\n" in stdout
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def test_auth_header_no_match(app, capsys):
         },
         "*": {
             "X-Secret": "open sesami",
-        }
+        },
     }})
 def test_linkcheck_request_headers(app, capsys):
     with http_server(HeadersDumperHandler):
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def test_linkcheck_request_headers(app, capsys):
     'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
     confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
         "http://localhost:7777": {"Accept": "application/json"},
-        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"}
+        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
     }})
 def test_linkcheck_request_headers_no_slash(app, capsys):
     with http_server(HeadersDumperHandler):
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def test_linkcheck_request_headers_no_slash(app, capsys):
     'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
     confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
         "http://do.not.match.org": {"Accept": "application/json"},
-        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"}
+        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
     }})
 def test_linkcheck_request_headers_default(app, capsys):
     with http_server(HeadersDumperHandler):
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def test_follows_redirects_on_HEAD(app, capsys, warning):
         """\
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
-        """
+        """,
     )
     assert warning.getvalue() == ''
 
@@ -285,14 +285,14 @@ def test_follows_redirects_on_GET(app, capsys, warning):
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 405 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
-        """
+        """,
     )
     assert warning.getvalue() == ''
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects',
                     freshenv=True, confoverrides={
-                        'linkcheck_allowed_redirects': {'http://localhost:7777/.*1': '.*'}
+                        'linkcheck_allowed_redirects': {'http://localhost:7777/.*1': '.*'},
                     })
 def test_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app, warning):
     with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)):
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_int_delay(app, capsys, status):
         """\
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """
+        """,
     )
 
 
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_HTTP_date(app, capsys):
         """\
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """
+        """,
     )
 
 
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_without_header(app, capsys):
         """\
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
         127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-        """
+        """,
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index b0e2112a5..900fc1984 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ def test_nitpick_ignore(app, status, warning):
     'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
         (r'py:.*', r'.*postfix'),
         (r'.*:class', r'prefix.*'),
-    ]
+    ],
 })
 def test_nitpick_ignore_regex1(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ def test_nitpick_ignore_regex1(app, status, warning):
     'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
         (r'py:.*', r'prefix.*'),
         (r'.*:class', r'.*postfix'),
-    ]
+    ],
 })
 def test_nitpick_ignore_regex2(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ def test_nitpick_ignore_regex2(app, status, warning):
         (r'.*', r'prefix'),
         (r'.*', r'postfix'),
         (r'.*', r''),
-    ]
+    ],
 })
 def test_nitpick_ignore_regex_fullmatch(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_cpp.py b/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
index cddf41c31..55542e655 100644
--- a/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
+++ b/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_True(app, status, war
         ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
         ('', 'version'),
         ('', 'List'),
-        ('', 'MyEnum')
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
     ]
     parenPatterns = [
         ('ref function without parens ', r'paren_1\(\)'),
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_True(app, status, war
         ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)\(\)'),
         ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)\(\)'),
         ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
-        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title')
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
     ]
 
     f = 'roles.html'
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_False(app, status, wa
         ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
         ('', 'version'),
         ('', 'List'),
-        ('', 'MyEnum')
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
     ]
     parenPatterns = [
         ('ref function without parens ', 'paren_1'),
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_False(app, status, wa
         ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)'),
         ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)'),
         ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
-        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title')
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
     ]
 
     f = 'roles.html'
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_py.py b/tests/test_domain_py.py
index 8343c5157..66204e69e 100644
--- a/tests/test_domain_py.py
+++ b/tests/test_domain_py.py
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ def test_pydata_signature(app):
                                                         desc_sig_space,
                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                        "1")]
+                                                        "1")],
                                                     )],
                                   desc_content)]))
     assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ def test_pyattribute(app):
                                                      [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
                                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
                                                                         desc_sig_space,
-                                                                        "''")]
+                                                                        "''")],
                                                      )],
                                    [desc_content, ()]))
     assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][2], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ def test_module_index(app):
                 IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', ''),
                 IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', ''),
                 IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
-        False
+        False,
     )
 
 
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ def test_module_index_submodule(app):
     assert index.generate() == (
         [('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, '', '', '', '', ''),
                 IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')])],
-        False
+        False,
     )
 
 
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ def test_module_index_not_collapsed(app):
     assert index.generate() == (
         [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
          ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', '')])],
-        True
+        True,
     )
 
 
@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ def test_modindex_common_prefix(app):
          ('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
          ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
                 IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
-        True
+        True,
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
index 1cba7f2cf..2fb7faee0 100644
--- a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
+++ b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def test_create_single_index(app):
     # ignored when getting the first letter.
     assert index[5] == ('\u05e2', [(
         '\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}',
-        [[('', '#index-7')], [], None]
+        [[('', '#index-7')], [], None],
     )])
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py b/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
index 66b106fe6..75208b0d5 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def extract_toc(path):
 
 @pytest.mark.apidoc(
     coderoot='test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc',
-    options=['--separate']
+    options=['--separate'],
 )
 def test_subpackage_in_toc(make_app, apidoc):
     """Make sure that empty subpackages with non-empty subpackages in them
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
index 99d56b27b..6ac42a595 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ def test_autodoc_attributes(app):
         '   :synopsis: Synopsis',
         '   :platform: Platform',
         '   :deprecated:',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ def test_autodoc_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
     # default specific-members
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ def test_autodoc_members(app):
     assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
     # ALL-members override autodoc_default_options
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ def test_autodoc_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
     # members override autodoc_default_options
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ def test_autodoc_members(app):
     assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
 
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
     assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
     ]
 
     # members vs exclude-members
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
     assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
     ]
 
     # exclude-members overrides autodoc_default_options
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
     # exclude-members extends autodoc_default_options
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
         '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
-        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)'
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
     ]
 
 
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ def test_autodoc_undoc_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
     ]
 
     # use autodoc_default_options
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ def test_autodoc_undoc_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
     ]
 
     # options negation work check
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ def test_autodoc_special_members(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
     ]
 
     # specific special methods from autodoc_default_options
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ def test_autodoc_ignore_module_all(app):
         '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
         '.. py:class:: Outer()',
         '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
-        '.. py:class:: StrRepr'
+        '.. py:class:: StrRepr',
     ]
 
 
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ def test_autodoc_noindex(app):
         '',
         '.. py:module:: target',
         '   :noindex:',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
     # TODO: :noindex: should be propagated to children of target item.
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ def test_autodoc_noindex(app):
         '.. py:class:: Base()',
         '   :noindex:',
         '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ def test_autodoc_inner_class(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Outer.factory',
         '      :module: target',
         '',
-        '      alias of :py:class:`dict`'
+        '      alias of :py:class:`dict`',
     ]
 
     actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer.Inner', options)
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ def test_autodoc_descriptor(app):
         '      :module: target.descriptor',
         '',
         '      Property.',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr'
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
     ]
 
     # case member-order='groupwise'
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
-        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr'
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
     ]
 
     # case member-order=None
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
         '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
         '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
-        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()'
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ def test_class_attributes(app):
         '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a2',
         '      :module: target',
         '      :value: None',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ def test_autoclass_instance_attributes(app):
         '      :module: target',
         '',
         '      Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2.',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
     # pick up arbitrary attributes
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ def test_autoclass_instance_attributes(app):
         '      :module: target',
         '',
         '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ def test_autoattribute_instance_attributes(app):
         '   :module: target',
         '',
         '   Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ def test_enum_class(app):
         '   :value: 12',
         '',
         '   doc for val1',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -1610,7 +1610,7 @@ def test_imported_partialfunction_should_not_shown_without_imported_members(app)
     assert list(actual) == [
         '',
         '.. py:module:: target.imported_members',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -2035,7 +2035,7 @@ def test_autodoc_for_egged_code(app):
         '',
         '.. py:function:: hello(s)',
         '   :module: sample',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
index ed7fa00c1..590992c03 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings(app):
         '',
         '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
         '   :module: target.inheritance',
-        ''
+        '',
     ]
 
 
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc(app):
         '\n'
         '   :param x: arg\n'
         '   :return: another tuple\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
         '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.horse\n'
         '\n'
         '   :return: nothing\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init(app):
     (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(
         '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
         '   :special-members: __init__\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc(app):
     (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(
         '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
         '   :special-members: __init__\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc_doc_rtype(a
     (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(
         '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
         '   :special-members: __init__\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ def test_autodoc_typehints_both(app):
         '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
         '\n'
         '.. autofunction:: target.overload.sum\n',
-        encoding='utf8'
+        encoding='utf8',
     )
     app.build()
     context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ def test_autodoc_default_options(app):
     # Note that :members: must be *on* for :special-members: to work.
     app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
         'members': None,
-        'special-members': None
+        'special-members': None,
     }
     actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
     assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ def test_autodoc_default_options_with_values(app):
     # with :exclude-members:
     app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
         'members': None,
-        'exclude-members': 'val1'
+        'exclude-members': 'val1',
     }
     actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
     assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py b/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
index 0fc7fe573..b8e39c9cf 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ default_kw = {
         'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary'],
         'autosummary_generate': True,
         'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False,
-        'source_suffix': '.rst'
-    }
+        'source_suffix': '.rst',
+    },
 }
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py b/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
index cb5e9eaba..00b1d6897 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
             ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
             ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
             ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', ['dummy.test.A'], None)
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
         ]
 
     # inheritance diagram using :parts: 1 option
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
             ('C', 'dummy.test.C', ['A'], None),
             ('E', 'dummy.test.E', ['B'], None),
             ('D', 'dummy.test.D', ['B', 'C'], None),
-            ('B', 'dummy.test.B', ['A'], None)
+            ('B', 'dummy.test.B', ['A'], None),
         ]
 
     # inheritance diagram with 1 top class
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
             ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
             ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
             ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None)
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
         ]
 
     # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
             ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
             ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
             ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
-            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None)
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
         ]
 
     # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes and specifying the entire module
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
         assert cls in [
             ('dummy.test_nested.A', 'dummy.test_nested.A', [], None),
             ('dummy.test_nested.C', 'dummy.test_nested.C', ['dummy.test_nested.A.B'], None),
-            ('dummy.test_nested.A.B', 'dummy.test_nested.A.B', [], None)
+            ('dummy.test_nested.A.B', 'dummy.test_nested.A.B', [], None),
         ]
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
index 33a59b711..b203e987e 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class InlineAttributeTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
     docstrings = [(
         """Single line summary""",
-        """Single line summary"""
+        """Single line summary""",
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
         Single line summary
 
         Extended description
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
                      description of arg1
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                               description of kwarg1
                             * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
                               description of kwarg2
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                               description of kwarg1
                             * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
                               description of kwarg2
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :returns: *str* -- Extended
                   description of return value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :returns: *str* -- Extended
                   description of return value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :returns: Extended
                   description of return value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
         Single line summary
 
         :returns: Extended
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                        description of arg1
                      * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
                      * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                      * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
                      * **arg3** (*dict(str, int)*) -- Description
                      * **arg4** (*dict[str, int]*) -- Description
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
                    * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
                    * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Yields: *str* -- Extended
                  description of yielded value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Yields: Extended
                  description of yielded value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                        description of arg5.
                      * **arg6** (*list of int or float*) -- Extended
                        description of arg6.
-        """
+        """,
     )]
 
     def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class GoogleDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
         config = Config(
             napoleon_use_param=False,
             napoleon_use_rtype=False,
-            napoleon_use_keyword=False
+            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
         )
         for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
             actual = str(GoogleDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
@@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ Do as you please
     def test_pep526_annotations(self):
         # Test class attributes annotations
         config = Config(
-            napoleon_attr_annotations=True
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
         )
         actual = str(GoogleDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526GoogleClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
                                      obj=PEP526GoogleClass))
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ Do as you please
 class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
     docstrings = [(
         """Single line summary""",
-        """Single line summary"""
+        """Single line summary""",
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
         Single line summary
 
         Extended description
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Parameters: **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
                      description of arg1
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                               description of kwarg1
                             * **kwarg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
                               description of kwarg2
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
                   description of return value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
                   description of return value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
         :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
                      * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
                      * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
                      * **\\*args, \\*\\*kwargs** -- Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                      description of arg1
                    * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
                      description of arg2
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
                      description of arg1
                    * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
                      description of arg2
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
                  description of yielded value
-        """
+        """,
     ), (
         """
         Single line summary
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ class NumpyDocstringTest(BaseDocstringTest):
 
         :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
                  description of yielded value
-        """
+        """,
     )]
 
     def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
@@ -2620,7 +2620,7 @@ class TestNumpyDocstring:
     def test_pep526_annotations(self):
         # test class attributes annotations
         config = Config(
-            napoleon_attr_annotations=True
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
         )
         actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526NumpyClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
                                     obj=PEP526NumpyClass))
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
index ff53e5d37..6f2c9ce80 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def test_viewcode(app, status, warning):
     assert re.findall(
         r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
         r"file .*/spam/__init__.py'",
-        warnings
+        warnings,
     )
 
     result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def test_local_source_files(app, status, warning):
     assert re.findall(
         r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
         r"file .*/not_a_package/__init__.py'",
-        warnings
+        warnings,
     )
 
     result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
diff --git a/tests/test_intl.py b/tests/test_intl.py
index c72df1162..bed425b26 100644
--- a/tests/test_intl.py
+++ b/tests/test_intl.py
@@ -165,22 +165,22 @@ def test_text_inconsistency_warnings(app, warning):
         warning_fmt % {
             'reftype': 'footnote references',
             'original': "\\['\\[#\\]_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\[\\]"
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
         } +
         warning_fmt % {
             'reftype': 'footnote references',
             'original': "\\['\\[100\\]_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\[\\]"
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
         } +
         warning_fmt % {
             'reftype': 'references',
             'original': "\\['reference_'\\]",
-            'translated': "\\['reference_', 'reference_'\\]"
+            'translated': "\\['reference_', 'reference_'\\]",
         } +
         warning_fmt % {
             'reftype': 'references',
             'original': "\\[\\]",
-            'translated': "\\['`I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_'\\]"
+            'translated': "\\['`I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_'\\]",
         })
     assert_re_search(expected_warning_expr, warnings)
 
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ def test_additional_targets_should_not_be_translated(app):
             'raw',
             'image',
         ],
-    }
+    },
 )
 def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated(app):
     app.build()
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ def test_text_references(app, warning):
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(
     'dummy', testroot='images',
     srcdir='test_intl_images',
-    confoverrides={'language': 'xx'}
+    confoverrides={'language': 'xx'},
 )
 @pytest.mark.xfail(os.name != 'posix', reason="Not working on windows")
 def test_image_glob_intl(app):
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ def test_image_glob_intl(app):
     confoverrides={
         'language': 'xx',
         'figure_language_filename': '{root}{ext}.{language}',
-    }
+    },
 )
 @pytest.mark.xfail(os.name != 'posix', reason="Not working on windows")
 def test_image_glob_intl_using_figure_language_filename(app):
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ def getwarning(warnings):
                     srcdir='gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations',
                     confoverrides={
                         'language': 'de',
-                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': True
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': True,
                     })
 def test_gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations(app):
     locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ def test_gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations(app):
                     srcdir='gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations',
                     confoverrides={
                         'language': 'de',
-                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': False
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': False,
                     })
 def test_gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations(app):
     locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
diff --git a/tests/test_markup.py b/tests/test_markup.py
index 0bb630223..ecc540fcf 100644
--- a/tests/test_markup.py
+++ b/tests/test_markup.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
         ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
          '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
          '!PEP 8@\\spxentry{PEP 8}}\\sphinxhref{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8}}')
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8}}'),
     ),
     (
         # pep role with anchor
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
          '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
          '!PEP 8\\#id1@\\spxentry{PEP 8\\#id1}}\\sphinxhref'
          '{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/\\#id1}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8\\#id1}}')
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8\\#id1}}'),
     ),
     (
         # rfc role
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
         ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
          '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324@\\spxentry{RFC 2324}}'
          '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324}}')
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324}}'),
     ),
     (
         # rfc role with anchor
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
         ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
          '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324\\#id1@\\spxentry{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'
          '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html\\#id1}'
-         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324\\#id1}}')
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'),
     ),
     (
         # correct interpretation of code with whitespace
diff --git a/tests/test_quickstart.py b/tests/test_quickstart.py
index d95a314c7..ae364367d 100644
--- a/tests/test_quickstart.py
+++ b/tests/test_quickstart.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def test_quickstart_all_answers(tempdir):
     ns = {}
     exec(conffile.read_text(encoding='utf8'), ns)  # NoQA: S102
     assert ns['extensions'] == [
-        'sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.doctest', 'sphinx.ext.todo'
+        'sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.doctest', 'sphinx.ext.todo',
     ]
     assert ns['templates_path'] == ['.templates']
     assert ns['source_suffix'] == '.txt'
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ def test_exits_when_existing_confpy(monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(path, 'isfile', mock_isfile)
 
     qs.term_input = mock_input({
-        'Please enter a new root path (or just Enter to exit)': ''
+        'Please enter a new root path (or just Enter to exit)': '',
     })
     d = {}
     with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
diff --git a/tests/test_search.py b/tests/test_search.py
index d0172df6b..8f314af0a 100644
--- a/tests/test_search.py
+++ b/tests/test_search.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def test_IndexBuilder():
         'comment': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
         'non': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
         'index': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
-        'test': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'}
+        'test': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
     }
     assert index._title_mapping == {'section_titl': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'}}
     assert index._objtypes == {}
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ def test_IndexBuilder():
         'comment': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
         'non': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
         'index': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
-        'test': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'}
+        'test': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
     }
     assert index._title_mapping == {'section_titl': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'}}
     assert index._objtypes == {('dummy1', 'objtype1'): 0, ('dummy2', 'objtype1'): 1}
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def test_IndexBuilder_lookup():
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(
     testroot='search',
     confoverrides={'html_search_language': 'zh'},
-    srcdir='search_zh'
+    srcdir='search_zh',
 )
 def test_search_index_gen_zh(app, status, warning):
     app.builder.build_all()
diff --git a/tests/test_util_nodes.py b/tests/test_util_nodes.py
index 082a46b75..6dc7f0ead 100644
--- a/tests/test_util_nodes.py
+++ b/tests/test_util_nodes.py
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def test_NodeMatcher():
 
               admonition body
            """,
-            nodes.title, 1
+            nodes.title, 1,
         ),
         (
             """
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def test_NodeMatcher():
             nodes.line, 2,
 
         ),
-    ]
+    ],
 )
 def test_extract_messages(rst, node_cls, count):
     msg = extract_messages(_get_doctree(dedent(rst)))
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def test_make_id_sequential(app):
         ('hello <world>', (True, 'hello', 'world')),
         # explicit (title having angle brackets)
         ('hello <world> <sphinx>', (True, 'hello <world>', 'sphinx')),
-    ]
+    ],
 )
 def test_split_explicit_target(title, expected):
     assert expected == split_explicit_title(title)
diff --git a/utils/babel_runner.py b/utils/babel_runner.py
index 32e6fe642..0f0a438e4 100644
--- a/utils/babel_runner.py
+++ b/utils/babel_runner.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class compile_catalog_plusjs(compile_catalog):
             obj = json.dumps({
                 'messages': jscatalog,
                 'plural_expr': catalog.plural_expr,
-                'locale': f'{catalog.locale!s}'
+                'locale': f'{catalog.locale!s}',
             }, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
             with open(js_file, 'w', encoding='utf8') as outfile:
                 outfile.write(f'Documentation.addTranslations({obj});')