implement multi-element expression constructs

Improved the construction of SQL binary expressions to allow for very long
expressions against the same associative operator without special steps
needed in order to avoid high memory use and excess recursion depth. A
particular binary operation ``A op B`` can now be joined against another
element ``op C`` and the resulting structure will be "flattened" so that
the representation as well as SQL compilation does not require recursion.

To implement this more cleanly, the biggest change here is that
column-oriented lists of things are broken away from ClauseList
in a new class ExpressionClauseList, that also forms the basis
of BooleanClauseList. ClauseList is still used for the generic
"comma-separated list" of things such as Tuple and things like
ORDER BY, as well as in some API endpoints.

Also adds __slots__ to the TypeEngine-bound Comparator
classes.   Still can't really do __slots__ on ClauseElement.

Fixes: #7744
Change-Id: I81a8ceb6f8f3bb0fe52d58f3cb42e4b6c2bc9018

1 files changed, 25 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/lib/sqlalchemy/testing/suite/test_types.py b/lib/sqlalchemy/testing/suite/test_types.py
index cc14dd9c4..25fe844c3 100644
--- a/lib/sqlalchemy/testing/suite/test_types.py
+++ b/lib/sqlalchemy/testing/suite/test_types.py
@@ -320,6 +320,31 @@ class StringTest(_LiteralRoundTripFixture, fixtures.TestBase):
         data = r"backslash one \ backslash two \\ end"
         literal_round_trip(String(40), [data], [data])
 
+    def test_concatenate_binary(self, connection):
+        """dialects with special string concatenation operators should
+        implement visit_concat_op_binary() and visit_concat_op_clauselist()
+        in their compiler.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0  visit_concat_op_clauselist() is also needed
+           for dialects to override the string concatenation operator.
+
+        """
+        eq_(connection.scalar(select(literal("a") + "b")), "ab")
+
+    def test_concatenate_clauselist(self, connection):
+        """dialects with special string concatenation operators should
+        implement visit_concat_op_binary() and visit_concat_op_clauselist()
+        in their compiler.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0  visit_concat_op_clauselist() is also needed
+           for dialects to override the string concatenation operator.
+
+        """
+        eq_(
+            connection.scalar(select(literal("a") + "b" + "c" + "d" + "e")),
+            "abcde",
+        )
+
 
 class _DateFixture(_LiteralRoundTripFixture, fixtures.TestBase):
     compare = None