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CGI (Deprecated)
================
.. warning::
This is documented for historic reasons, but you should not deploy
with this method in a modern setting. It is not efficient and is
difficult to debug. It is better to use a WSGI server.
`CGI`_ is an old protocol for executing a web application. A script is
executed with environment variables describing the request. The script
prints to ``stdout`` to generate a response. CGI is inefficient because
it requires starting the Python process for every request, there is no
persistent server process.
These instructions are for Apache. Nginx does not support CGI.
Python
------
Create a virtualenv.
.. code-block:: text
$ python3 -m venv venv
$ ./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt
Create a Python script that imports your application and runs it with
:class:`wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler`. The comment on the first line
tells the script to run using the project's virtualenv.
.. code-block:: python
:caption: /home/project/code/cgi_handler.py
#!/home/project/venv/bin/python
from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler
from project import app
CGIHandler().run(app)
Mark the script executable:
.. code-block:: text
$ chmod +x cgi_handler.py
Apache
------
Enable the CGI module by uncommenting or adding the following lines:
.. code-block:: apache
:caption: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<IfModule !mpm_prefork_module>
LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
</IfModule>
Configure Apache using the `ScriptAlias`_ directive. This maps a URL
path to the ``cgi_handler.py`` executable.
.. code-block:: apache
Alias /static/ /home/project/code/static/
ScriptAlias / /home/project/code/cgi_handler.py/
<Directory /home/project/code>
<Files cgi_handler.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>
<Directory /home/project/code/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
To serve the application under a path, change the ``ScriptAlias``:
.. code-block:: apache
ScriptAlias /app /home/project/code/cgi_handler.py
.. _CGI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface
.. _ScriptAlias: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias
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