- Drop support for Python 2.7, 3.5, 3.6.

14 files changed, 115 insertions, 515 deletions

diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index ec158db..71ec718 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -96,24 +96,16 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "2.7"
-          - "3.5"
-          - "pypy-2.7"
           - "pypy-3.7"
-          - "3.6"
           - "3.7"
           - "3.8"
           - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-11]
         exclude:
-          - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "pypy-2.7"
-          - os: macos-latest
+          - os: macos-11
             python-version: "pypy-3.7"
-          - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "3.5"
 
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -141,15 +133,7 @@ jobs:
           restore-keys: |
             ${{ runner.os }}-pip-
 
-      - name: Install Build Dependencies (PyPy2)
-        if: >
-          startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy-2.7')
-        run: |
-          pip install -U pip
-          pip install -U setuptools wheel twine "cffi != 1.15.1"
-      - name: Install Build Dependencies (other Python versions)
-        if: >
-          !startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy-2.7')
+      - name: Install Build Dependencies
         run: |
           pip install -U pip
           pip install -U setuptools wheel twine cffi
@@ -158,9 +142,6 @@ jobs:
         if: >
           startsWith(runner.os, 'Mac')
           && !(startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')
-               || matrix.python-version == '2.7'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.5'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.6'
                || matrix.python-version == '3.7')
         env:
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: 10.9
@@ -175,9 +156,6 @@ jobs:
         if: >
           startsWith(runner.os, 'Mac')
           && !(startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')
-               || matrix.python-version == '2.7'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.5'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.6'
                || matrix.python-version == '3.7')
         env:
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: 11.0
@@ -192,9 +170,6 @@ jobs:
         if: >
           !startsWith(runner.os, 'Mac')
           || startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')
-          || matrix.python-version == '2.7'
-          || matrix.python-version == '3.5'
-          || matrix.python-version == '3.6'
           || matrix.python-version == '3.7'
         run: |
           # Next, build the wheel *in place*. This helps ccache, and also lets us cache the configure
@@ -205,7 +180,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install zope.proxy and dependencies
         run: |
           # Install to collect dependencies into the (pip) cache.
-          pip install -U 'faulthandler; python_version == "2.7" and platform_python_implementation == "CPython"'
           pip install .[test]
 
       - name: Check zope.proxy build
@@ -223,9 +197,6 @@ jobs:
         if: >
           startsWith(runner.os, 'Mac')
           && !(startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')
-               || matrix.python-version == '2.7'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.5'
-               || matrix.python-version == '3.6'
                || matrix.python-version == '3.7')
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -262,24 +233,16 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "2.7"
-          - "3.5"
-          - "pypy-2.7"
           - "pypy-3.7"
-          - "3.6"
           - "3.7"
           - "3.8"
           - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-11]
         exclude:
-          - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "pypy-2.7"
-          - os: macos-latest
+          - os: macos-11
             python-version: "pypy-3.7"
-          - os: macos-latest
-            python-version: "3.5"
 
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -316,7 +279,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           pip install -U wheel setuptools
           pip install -U coverage
-          pip install -U 'faulthandler; python_version == "2.7" and platform_python_implementation == "CPython"'
           pip install -U 'cffi; platform_python_implementation == "CPython"'
           # Unzip into src/ so that testrunner can find the .so files
           # when we ask it to load tests from that directory. This
@@ -461,7 +423,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version: ["3.9"]
-        image: [manylinux2010_x86_64, manylinux2010_i686, manylinux2014_aarch64]
+        image: [manylinux2014_x86_64, manylinux2014_i686, manylinux2014_aarch64]
 
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -492,18 +454,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Update pip
         run: pip install -U pip
       - name: Build zope.proxy (x86_64)
-        if: matrix.image == 'manylinux2010_x86_64'
+        if: matrix.image == 'manylinux2014_x86_64'
         # An alternate way to do this is to run the container directly with a uses:
         # and then the script runs inside it. That may work better with caching.
         # See https://github.com/pyca/bcrypt/blob/f6b5ee2eda76d077c531362ac65e16f045cf1f29/.github/workflows/wheel-builder.yml
-        # The 2010 image is the most recent spec that comes with Python 2.7,
-        # and only up through the tag 2021-02-06-3d322a5
         env:
           DOCKER_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/${{ matrix.image }}
         run: |
           bash .manylinux.sh
       - name: Build zope.proxy (i686)
-        if: matrix.image == 'manylinux2010_i686'
+        if: matrix.image == 'manylinux2014_i686'
         env:
           DOCKER_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/${{ matrix.image }}
           PRE_CMD: linux32
diff --git a/.manylinux-install.sh b/.manylinux-install.sh
index c23d663..01b847c 100755
--- a/.manylinux-install.sh
+++ b/.manylinux-install.sh
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ yum -y install libffi-devel
 
 tox_env_map() {
     case $1 in
-        *"cp27"*) echo 'py27';;
-        *"cp35"*) echo 'py35';;
-        *"cp36"*) echo 'py36';;
         *"cp37"*) echo 'py37';;
         *"cp38"*) echo 'py38';;
         *"cp39"*) echo 'py39';;
@@ -43,10 +40,7 @@ tox_env_map() {
 # Compile wheels
 for PYBIN in /opt/python/*/bin; do
     if \
-       [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp27"* ]] || \
-       [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp35"* ]] || \
        [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp311"* ]] || \
-       [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp36"* ]] || \
        [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp37"* ]] || \
        [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp38"* ]] || \
        [[ "${PYBIN}" == *"cp39"* ]] || \
diff --git a/.meta.toml b/.meta.toml
index 9749fc4..3047eae 100644
--- a/.meta.toml
+++ b/.meta.toml
@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
 # https://github.com/zopefoundation/meta/tree/master/config/c-code
 [meta]
 template = "c-code"
-commit-id = "342271a70d886e753e5cc629e8a81b3cfab692ac"
+commit-id = "3c9d0741"
 
 [python]
 with-appveyor = true
 with-windows = false
 with-pypy = true
 with-future-python = false
-with-legacy-python = true
 with-docs = true
 with-sphinx-doctests = true
 with-macos = false
diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index 9a32988..80c8c7d 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 5.0.0 (unreleased)
 ==================
 
-
 - Drop support for Python 2.7, 3.5, 3.6.
 
+
 4.6.1 (2022-11-16)
 ==================
 
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
index 68f58e7..fbf5dda 100644
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ environment:
          secure: aoZC/+rvJKg8B5GMGIxd1bg9UDShk28EhfPQFKI9zy7kzygdgj0XuaK619sLe3s4B08bIJaIUAThxEvWq13IvdLb5Oyk8B9qubd+NnDiNuw8WCGy4owYnbl+61fUVVKJIf1ETQyGDooYrEuBo798/+ycQbilTpmncAHZb2KyZkmA210fcWr7OhwmlRtC4IiW7GPCaxU6qhzLlP5pnS2Tl+yy/qx2DiW2fKWqUqynrb1ZMsk6ygN4qV72glTY6wV0eYboAGlghrws1x5+Z10Yug==
 
   matrix:
-    - python: 27-x64
-    - python: 35-x64
-    - python: 36-x64
     - python: 37-x64
     - python: 38-x64
     - python: 39-x64
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index cefd05d..200d225 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Generated from:
 # https://github.com/zopefoundation/meta/tree/master/config/c-code
 [bdist_wheel]
-universal = 1
+universal = 0
 
 [zest.releaser]
 create-wheel = no
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index f88fbde..af5110b 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 ##############################################################################
 """Setup for zope.proxy package
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
 
 import os
 import platform
@@ -101,11 +100,7 @@ setup(name='zope.proxy',
           'Intended Audience :: Developers',
           'License :: OSI Approved :: Zope Public License',
           'Programming Language :: Python',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
           'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-          'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
           'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
           'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
           'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@ setup(name='zope.proxy',
       },
       headers=headers,
       ext_modules=ext_modules,
-      python_requires='>=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.*',
+      python_requires='>=3.7',
       install_requires=[
           'zope.interface',
           'setuptools',
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/__init__.py b/src/zope/proxy/__init__.py
index 3fc4b53..43202b9 100644
--- a/src/zope/proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/src/zope/proxy/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def _get_wrapped(self):
     return super(AbstractPyProxyBase, self).__getattribute__('_wrapped')
 
 
-class _EmptyInterfaceDescriptor(object):
+class _EmptyInterfaceDescriptor:
     """A descriptor for the attributes used on the class by the
     Python implementation of `zope.interface`.
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class _ProxyMetaclass(type):
     __implemented__ = _EmptyInterfaceDescriptor()
 
 
-class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
+class AbstractPyProxyBase:
     """
     A reference implementation that cannot be instantiated. Most users
     will want to use :class:`PyProxyBase`.
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self._wrapped)
 
-    def __unicode__(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        return unicode(self._wrapped)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
+    def __bytes__(self):
+        return bytes(self._wrapped)
 
     def __reduce__(self):  # pragma: no cover  (__reduce_ex__ prevents normal)
         raise pickle.PicklingError
@@ -251,16 +251,15 @@ class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
         # time.
         return iter(self._wrapped)
 
-    def next(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
+    def next(self):
         # Called when we wrap an iterator itself.
-        return self._wrapped.next()
+        return next(self._wrapped)
 
     def __next__(self):
         return self._wrapped.__next__()
 
-    # Python 2.7 won't let the C wrapper support __reversed__ :(
-    # def __reversed__(self):
-    #    return reversed(self._wrapped)
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        return reversed(self._wrapped)
 
     def __contains__(self, item):
         return item in self._wrapped
@@ -285,8 +284,8 @@ class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
     def __int__(self):
         return int(self._wrapped)
 
-    def __long__(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        return long(self._wrapped)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
+    def __long__(self):  # Must stick around until zope.security is fixed
+        return int(self._wrapped)
 
     def __float__(self):
         return float(self._wrapped)
@@ -300,14 +299,6 @@ class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
     def __index__(self):
         return operator.index(self._wrapped)
 
-    # Numeric protocol:  binary coercion
-    def __coerce__(self, other):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        left, right = coerce(self._wrapped, other)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        if (left == self._wrapped
-                and type(left) is type(self._wrapped)):  # noqa: E721
-            left = self
-        return left, right
-
     # Numeric protocol:  binary arithmetic operators
     def __add__(self, other):
         return self._wrapped + other
@@ -463,7 +454,7 @@ class AbstractPyProxyBase(object):
         return self
 
 
-AbstractPyProxyBase = _ProxyMetaclass(str('AbstractPyProxyBase'), (),
+AbstractPyProxyBase = _ProxyMetaclass('AbstractPyProxyBase', (),
                                       dict(AbstractPyProxyBase.__dict__))
 
 
@@ -537,7 +528,7 @@ if 'PURE_PYTHON' not in os.environ:
         pass
 
 
-class PyNonOverridable(object):
+class PyNonOverridable:
     "Deprecated, only for BWC."
 
     def __init__(self, method_desc):  # pragma: no cover PyPy
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/_compat.py b/src/zope/proxy/_compat.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f0b0e3..0000000
--- a/src/zope/proxy/_compat.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-
-PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/_zope_proxy_proxy.c b/src/zope/proxy/_zope_proxy_proxy.c
index f846acc..3bfaa3b 100644
--- a/src/zope/proxy/_zope_proxy_proxy.c
+++ b/src/zope/proxy/_zope_proxy_proxy.c
@@ -38,34 +38,16 @@ static PyObject *
 empty_tuple = NULL;
 
 
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX <  0x02070000
-  #define PyCapsule_New(pointer, name, destr) \
-          PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(pointer, destr)
-#endif
-
-// Compatibility with Python 2
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-  #define MOD_ERROR_VAL
-
-  #define MOD_SUCCESS_VAL(val)
-
-  #define MOD_INIT(name) void init##name(void)
-
-  #define MOD_DEF(ob, name, doc, methods) \
-          ob = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+#define MOD_ERROR_VAL NULL
 
-#else
-  #define MOD_ERROR_VAL NULL
+#define MOD_SUCCESS_VAL(val) val
 
-  #define MOD_SUCCESS_VAL(val) val
+#define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
 
-  #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
-
-  #define MOD_DEF(ob, name, doc, methods) \
-          static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
-            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, -1, methods, }; \
-          ob = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
-#endif
+#define MOD_DEF(ob, name, doc, methods) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+          PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, -1, methods, }; \
+        ob = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
 
 
 
@@ -205,11 +187,6 @@ WrapperType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *name)
         base = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, i);
 
         if (((PyTypeObject *)base) != &ProxyType) {
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-            if (PyClass_Check(base))
-                dict = ((PyClassObject *)base)->cl_dict;
-            else
-#endif
             {
                 assert(PyType_Check(base));
                 dict = ((PyTypeObject *)base)->tp_dict;
@@ -234,11 +211,7 @@ wrap_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
     const char *name_as_string;
     int maybe_special_name;
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    name_as_string = PyString_AsString(name);
-#else
     name_as_string = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
-#endif
 
     if (name_as_string == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -262,9 +235,6 @@ wrap_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
 
         if (descriptor != NULL) {
             if (descriptor->ob_type->tp_descr_get != NULL
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Always true in Python 3
-                && PyType_HasFeature(descriptor->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS)
-#endif
             ){
               if (descriptor->ob_type->tp_descr_set == NULL)
                 {
@@ -305,11 +275,7 @@ wrap_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
     const char *name_as_string;
     int res = -1;
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    name_as_string = PyString_AsString(name);
-#else
     name_as_string = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
-#endif
 
     if (name_as_string == NULL) {
         goto finally;
@@ -318,9 +284,6 @@ wrap_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
     descriptor = WrapperType_Lookup(self->ob_type, name);
 
     if (descriptor != NULL
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // This is always true in Python 3 (I think)
-        && PyType_HasFeature(descriptor->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS)
-#endif
         && descriptor->ob_type->tp_descr_set != NULL)
       {
         res = descriptor->ob_type->tp_descr_set(descriptor, self, value);
@@ -340,15 +303,6 @@ finally:
     return res;
 }
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-// tp_print slot function; reserved and unused in Python 3
-static int
-wrap_print(PyObject *wrapper, FILE *fp, int flags)
-{
-    return PyObject_Print(Proxy_GET_OBJECT(wrapper), fp, flags);
-}
-#endif
-
 static PyObject *
 wrap_str(PyObject *wrapper) {
     return PyObject_Str(Proxy_GET_OBJECT(wrapper));
@@ -360,14 +314,6 @@ wrap_repr(PyObject *wrapper)
     return PyObject_Repr(Proxy_GET_OBJECT(wrapper));
 }
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-static int
-wrap_compare(PyObject *wrapper, PyObject *v)
-{
-    return PyObject_Compare(Proxy_GET_OBJECT(wrapper), v);
-}
-#endif
-
 static long
 wrap_hash(PyObject *self)
 {
@@ -391,45 +337,9 @@ wrap_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)
 static PyObject *
 call_int(PyObject *self)
 {
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    return PyNumber_Int(self);
-#else
-    return PyNumber_Long(self);
-#endif
-}
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Python 3 has no long, oct or hex methods.
-static PyObject *
-call_long(PyObject *self)
-{
     return PyNumber_Long(self);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-call_oct(PyObject *self)
-{
-    PyNumberMethods *nb = self->ob_type->tp_as_number;
-    if (nb == NULL || nb->nb_oct== NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "object can't be converted to oct");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return nb->nb_oct(self);
-}
-
-static PyObject *
-call_hex(PyObject *self)
-{
-    PyNumberMethods *nb = self->ob_type->tp_as_number;
-    if (nb == NULL || nb->nb_hex == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                        "object can't be converted to hex");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return nb->nb_hex(self);
-}
-
-#endif
 
 static PyObject *
 call_index(PyObject *self)
@@ -450,14 +360,6 @@ call_ipow(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
     return PyNumber_InPlacePower(self, other, Py_None);
 }
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-static PyObject *
-call_unicode(PyObject *self)
-{
-    return PyObject_Unicode(self);
-}
-#endif
-
 
 typedef PyObject *(*function1)(PyObject *);
 
@@ -540,9 +442,6 @@ check2i(ProxyObject *self, PyObject *other,
 BINOP(add, PyNumber_Add)
 BINOP(sub, PyNumber_Subtract)
 BINOP(mul, PyNumber_Multiply)
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Python 3 doesn't support the old integer division
-BINOP(div, PyNumber_Divide)
-#endif
 BINOP(mod, PyNumber_Remainder)
 BINOP(divmod, PyNumber_Divmod)
 
@@ -577,47 +476,6 @@ BINOP(and, PyNumber_And)
 BINOP(xor, PyNumber_Xor)
 BINOP(or, PyNumber_Or)
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Coercion is gone in Python 3
-static int
-wrap_coerce(PyObject **p_self, PyObject **p_other)
-{
-    PyObject *self = *p_self;
-    PyObject *other = *p_other;
-    PyObject *object;
-    PyObject *left;
-    PyObject *right;
-    int r;
-
-    assert(Proxy_Check(self));
-    object = Proxy_GET_OBJECT(self);
-
-    left = object;
-    right = other;
-    r = PyNumber_CoerceEx(&left, &right);
-    if (r != 0)
-        return r;
-    /* Now left and right have been INCREF'ed.  Any new value that
-       comes out is proxied; any unchanged value is left unchanged. */
-    if (left == object) {
-        /* Keep the old proxy */
-        Py_INCREF(self);
-        Py_DECREF(left);
-        left = self;
-    }
-#if 0
-    else {
-        /* ??? create proxy for left? */
-    }
-    if (right != other) {
-        /* ??? create proxy for right? */
-    }
-#endif
-    *p_self = left;
-    *p_other = right;
-    return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
 UNOP(neg, PyNumber_Negative)
 UNOP(pos, PyNumber_Positive)
 UNOP(abs, PyNumber_Absolute)
@@ -625,18 +483,10 @@ UNOP(invert, PyNumber_Invert)
 
 UNOP(int, call_int)
 UNOP(float, call_float)
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Python 3 has no long, oct or hex methods
-UNOP(long, call_long)
-UNOP(oct, call_oct)
-UNOP(hex, call_hex)
-#endif
 
 INPLACE(add, PyNumber_InPlaceAdd)
 INPLACE(sub, PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract)
 INPLACE(mul, PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply)
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // The old integer division operator is gone in Python 3
-INPLACE(div, PyNumber_InPlaceDivide)
-#endif
 INPLACE(mod, PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder)
 INPLACE(pow, call_ipow)
 INPLACE(lshift, PyNumber_InPlaceLshift)
@@ -651,9 +501,6 @@ INPLACE(floordiv, PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide)
 INPLACE(truediv, PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide)
 UNOP(index, call_index)
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 // Python 3 has no __unicode__ method
-UNOP(unicode, call_unicode)
-#endif
 
 static int
 wrap_nonzero(PyObject *self)
@@ -681,14 +528,6 @@ wrap_slice(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
      * call the slice method the type provides.
      */
     PyObject *obj = Proxy_GET_OBJECT(self);
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    PySequenceMethods *m;
-
-    m = obj->ob_type->tp_as_sequence;
-    if (m && m->sq_slice) {
-        return m->sq_slice(obj, start, end);
-    }
-#endif
 	return PySequence_GetSlice(obj, start, end);
 }
 
@@ -766,9 +605,6 @@ wrap_as_number = {
     wrap_add,                               /* nb_add */
     wrap_sub,                               /* nb_subtract */
     wrap_mul,                               /* nb_multiply */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_div,                               /* nb_divide */
-#endif
     wrap_mod,                               /* nb_remainder */
     wrap_divmod,                            /* nb_divmod */
     wrap_pow,                               /* nb_power */
@@ -782,29 +618,15 @@ wrap_as_number = {
     wrap_and,                               /* nb_and */
     wrap_xor,                               /* nb_xor */
     wrap_or,                                /* nb_or */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_coerce,                            /* nb_coerce */
-#endif
     wrap_int,                               /* nb_int */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_long,                              /* nb_long */
-#else
     0,                                      /* formerly known as nb_long */
-#endif
     wrap_float,                             /* nb_float */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_oct,                               /* nb_oct */
-    wrap_hex,                               /* nb_hex */
-#endif
 
     /* Added in release 2.0 */
     /* These require the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS flag */
     wrap_iadd,                              /* nb_inplace_add */
     wrap_isub,                              /* nb_inplace_subtract */
     wrap_imul,                              /* nb_inplace_multiply */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_idiv,                              /* nb_inplace_divide */
-#endif
     wrap_imod,                              /* nb_inplace_remainder */
     (ternaryfunc)wrap_ipow,                 /* nb_inplace_power */
     wrap_ilshift,                           /* nb_inplace_lshift */
@@ -844,9 +666,6 @@ wrap_as_mapping = {
 static PyMethodDef
 wrap_methods[] = {
     {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)wrap_reduce, METH_NOARGS, reduce__doc__},
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    {"__unicode__", (PyCFunction)wrap_unicode, METH_NOARGS, "" },
-#endif
     {NULL, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -868,18 +687,10 @@ ProxyType = {
     sizeof(ProxyObject),
     0,
     wrap_dealloc,                           /* tp_dealloc */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_print,                             /* tp_print */
-#else
     0,                                      /* reserved 3.0--3.7; tp_vectorcall_offset 3.8+ */
-#endif
     0,                                      /* tp_getattr */
     0,                                      /* tp_setattr */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
-    wrap_compare,                           /* tp_compare */
-#else
     0,                                      /* tp_reserved */
-#endif
     wrap_repr,                              /* tp_repr */
     &wrap_as_number,                        /* tp_as_number */
     &wrap_as_sequence,                      /* tp_as_sequence */
@@ -890,16 +701,9 @@ ProxyType = {
     wrap_getattro,                          /* tp_getattro */
     wrap_setattro,                          /* tp_setattro */
     0,                                      /* tp_as_buffer */
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT |
     Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
-    Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES |
     Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,                    /* tp_flags */
-#else // Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES is always true in Python 3 and removed.
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT |
-    Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC |
-    Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,                    /* tp_flags */
-#endif
     0,                                      /* tp_doc */
     wrap_traverse,                          /* tp_traverse */
     wrap_clear,                             /* tp_clear */
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/proxy.h b/src/zope/proxy/proxy.h
index 509564e..10e5b5b 100644
--- a/src/zope/proxy/proxy.h
+++ b/src/zope/proxy/proxy.h
@@ -32,15 +32,9 @@ Proxy_Import(void)
         if (m != NULL) {
             PyObject *tmp = PyObject_GetAttrString(m, "_CAPI");
             if (tmp != NULL) {
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX <  0x02070000
-                if (PyCObject_Check(tmp))
-                    _proxy_api = (ProxyInterface *)
-                        PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(tmp);
-#else
                 if (PyCapsule_CheckExact(tmp))
                     _proxy_api = (ProxyInterface *)
                         PyCapsule_GetPointer(tmp, NULL);
-#endif
                 Py_DECREF(tmp);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_decorator.py b/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_decorator.py
index 6d6c8f9..23f228f 100644
--- a/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_decorator.py
+++ b/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_decorator.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         @provider(IContextFactory)
         @implementer(IContext)
-        class Context(object):
+        class Context:
             pass
         dsd = self._makeOne()
         self.assertEqual(list(dsd.__get__(None, Context)), [IContextFactory])
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         @provider(IContextFactory)
         @implementer(IContext)
-        class Context(object):
+        class Context:
             pass
         dsd = self._makeOne()
         self.assertEqual(list(dsd.__get__(Context(), None)), [IContext])
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         @provider(IContextFactory)
         @implementer(IContext)
-        class Context(object):
+        class Context:
             pass
         context = Context()
         proxy = ProxyBase(context)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         @provider(IContextFactory)
         @implementer(IContext)
-        class Context(object):
+        class Context:
             pass
 
         class IProxyFactory(Interface):
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         @implementer(IFoo)
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         foo = Foo()
         dsd = self._makeOne()
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class SpecificationDecoratorBaseTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         @implementer(IFoo)
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         foo = Foo()
         proxy = self._makeOne(foo)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class SpecificationDecoratorBaseTests(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         @implementer(IFoo)
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             from_foo = 1
 
         class IWrapper(Interface):
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ class SpecificationDecoratorBaseTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
 def test_suite():
     return unittest.TestSuite((
-        unittest.makeSuite(DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests),
-        unittest.makeSuite(SpecificationDecoratorBaseTests),
+        unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(
+            DecoratorSpecificationDescriptorTests),
+        unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(
+            SpecificationDecoratorBaseTests),
     ))
diff --git a/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_proxy.py b/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_proxy.py
index 973cb2c..2f52ae6 100644
--- a/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_proxy.py
+++ b/src/zope/proxy/tests/test_proxy.py
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ else:
     _HAVE_ZOPE_SECURITY = True
     del zope.security
 
-from zope.proxy._compat import PY3
-
 
 class ModuleConformanceCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -40,8 +38,8 @@ class ModuleConformanceCase(unittest.TestCase):
 class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # Names of special methods
-    getslice = '__getitem__' if PY3 else '__getslice__'
-    setslice = '__setitem__' if PY3 else '__setslice__'
+    getslice = '__getitem__'
+    setslice = '__setitem__'
 
     # Avoid DeprecationWarning for assertRaisesRegexp on Python 3 while
     # coping with Python 2 not having the Regex spelling variant
@@ -65,10 +63,10 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_subclass_constructor(self):
         class MyProxy(self._getTargetClass()):
             def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
-                return super(MyProxy, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+                return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
 
             def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
-                super(MyProxy, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)
+                super().__init__(*args, **kwds)
         o1 = object()
         o2 = object()
         o = MyProxy((o1, o2))
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # to __new__().
         class MyProxy2(self._getTargetClass()):
             def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
-                return super(MyProxy2, cls).__new__(cls, 'value')
+                return super().__new__(cls, 'value')
 
         proxy = MyProxy2('splat!')
         self.assertEqual(list(proxy), list('splat!'))
@@ -93,13 +91,13 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             def __init__(self, arg):
                 if list(self) != list('value'):
                     raise AssertionError("list(self) != list('value')")
-                super(MyProxy3, self).__init__('another')
+                super().__init__('another')
 
         proxy = MyProxy3('notused')
         self.assertEqual(list(proxy), list('another'))
 
     def test_custom_int_to_int(self):
-        class CustomClass(object):
+        class CustomClass:
             def __int__(self):
                 return 42
         proxy = self._makeOne(CustomClass())
@@ -118,49 +116,18 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, float, proxy)
 
     def test_custom_float_to_float(self):
-        class CustomClass(object):
+        class CustomClass:
             def __float__(self):
                 return 42.0
         proxy = self._makeOne(CustomClass())
         self.assertEqual(42.0, float(proxy))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Gone in Py3")
-    def test___unicode__of_unicode(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        s = u'Hello, \u2603'
-        proxy = self._makeOne(s)
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(proxy), s)  # noqa: F821 undef
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Gone in Py3")
-    def test___unicode__of_custom_class(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        class CustomClass(object):
-            def __unicode__(self):
-                return u'Hello, \u2603'
-        cc = CustomClass()
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(cc), u'Hello, \u2603')  # noqa: F821 undef
-        proxy = self._makeOne(cc)
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(proxy), u'Hello, \u2603')  # noqa: F821 undef
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Gone in Py3")
-    def test___unicode__of_custom_class_no_unicode(self):  # pragma: no cover
-        class CustomClass(object):
-            pass
-        cc = CustomClass()
-        cc_unicode = unicode(cc)  # noqa: F821 undef
-        self.assertEqual(type(cc_unicode), unicode)  # noqa: F821 undef
-        proxy = self._makeOne(cc)
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(proxy), cc_unicode)  # noqa: F821 undef
-
     def test___call__(self):
         def _foo():
             return 'FOO'
         proxy = self._makeOne(_foo)
         self.assertEqual(proxy(), 'FOO')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Gone in Py3")
-    def test_callable(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        w = self._makeOne({}.get)
-        self.assertTrue(callable(w))
-
     def test___repr__(self):
         def _foo():
             raise AssertionError("Not called")
@@ -173,25 +140,6 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         proxy = self._makeOne(_foo)
         self.assertEqual(str(proxy), str(_foo))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "Gone in Py3")
-    def test___unicode__(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        def _foo():
-            raise AssertionError("Not called")
-        proxy = self._makeOne(_foo)
-        self.assertTrue(
-            unicode(proxy).startswith('<function _foo'))  # noqa: F821 undef
-
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "No old-style classes in Python 3")
-    def test___reduce___via_pickling(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        import pickle
-
-        # Proxies of old-style classes can't be pickled.
-        class Thing:
-            """This class is expected to be a classic class."""
-        w = self._makeOne(Thing())
-        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError,
-                          pickle.dumps, w)
-
     def test___eq___and___ne__(self):
         w = self._makeOne('foo')
         self.assertEqual(w, 'foo')
@@ -253,7 +201,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(hash(w1), hash(1))
 
     def test___getattr__miss_both(self):
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         w = self._makeOne(o)
@@ -263,7 +211,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, _try)
 
     def test___getattr__delegates_to_wrapped(self):
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         o.foo = 1
@@ -275,7 +223,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             def foo(self):
                 raise AssertionError("Not called")
 
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             def foo(self):
                 return 'FOO'
         o = Foo()
@@ -283,7 +231,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(w.foo(), 'FOO')
 
     def test___setattr__delegates_to_wrapped(self):
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         w = self._makeOne(o)
@@ -297,7 +245,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 lambda s, v: s.__dict__.__setitem__('_bar', v)
             )
 
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         w = Proxy(o)
@@ -306,7 +254,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, o, 'bar')
 
     def test___delattr___wrapped(self):
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         o.foo = 1
@@ -317,7 +265,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, _try)
 
     def test___delattr__delegates_to_wrapped(self):
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             pass
         o = Foo()
         o.foo = 1
@@ -373,9 +321,8 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test___getitem__w_slice_against_class_w_custom___getslice__(self):
         import sys
-        test = self
 
-        class Slicer(object):
+        class Slicer:
             def __len__(self):
                 return 2
 
@@ -383,7 +330,6 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 return (start, end)
 
             def __getitem__(self, a_slice):
-                test.assertTrue(PY3)
                 # On Python 3, we basically just return what the test expects.
                 # Mostly that's the computed indices (yay!) but there are
                 # a few special cases.
@@ -405,7 +351,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         class Missing(Exception):
             pass
 
-        class Get(object):
+        class Get:
             def __getitem__(self, x):
                 raise Missing('__getitem__')
 
@@ -415,14 +361,12 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             proxy[1:2]
 
     def test___getslice___error_propagates(self):
-        test = self
 
         class Missing(Exception):
             pass
 
-        class Get(object):
+        class Get:
             def __getitem__(self, x):
-                test.assertTrue(PY3)
                 raise Missing('__getitem__')
 
             def __getslice__(self, start, stop):  # pragma: no cover PY2
@@ -463,7 +407,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         class Missing(Exception):
             pass
 
-        class Set(object):
+        class Set:
             def __setitem__(self, k, v):
                 raise Missing('__setitem__')
 
@@ -478,7 +422,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         class Missing(Exception):
             pass
 
-        class Set(object):
+        class Set:
             def __setitem__(self, k, v):
                 raise Missing('__setitem__')
 
@@ -507,7 +451,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test___iter___returns_self_if_defined(self):
         # Return the wrapped object itself, if it is an iterator.
-        class MyIter(object):
+        class MyIter:
             def __iter__(self):
                 return self
 
@@ -524,7 +468,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # still to work.  PyObject_GetIter() will not be called on the
         # proxy, so the tp_iter slot won't unwrap it.
 
-        class Iterable(object):
+        class Iterable:
             def __init__(self, test, data):
                 self.test = test
                 self.data = data
@@ -566,8 +510,6 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             "float(x)",
             "complex(x)",
         ]
-        if not PY3:  # long is gone in Python 3
-            ops.append("long(x)")  # pragma: no cover PY2
         return ops
 
     def test_unops(self):
@@ -577,13 +519,11 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             x = self._makeOne(1)
             z = eval(expr)
             self.assertEqual(z, y,
-                             "x=%r; expr=%r" % (x, expr))
+                             "x={!r}; expr={!r}".format(x, expr))
 
     def test_odd_unops(self):
         # unops that don't return a proxy
         funcs = (lambda x: not x,)
-        if not PY3:
-            funcs += (oct, hex)  # pragma: no cover PY2
         for func in funcs:
             self.assertEqual(func(self._makeOne(100)), func(100))
 
@@ -602,8 +542,8 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                         z = eval(expr)
                         first = 0
                     else:
-                        self.assertEqual(eval(expr), z,
-                                         "x=%r; y=%r; expr=%r" % (x, y, expr))
+                        msg = "x={!r}; y={!r}; expr={!r}".format(x, y, expr)
+                        self.assertEqual(eval(expr), z, msg)
 
     def test_pow_w_modulus(self):
         x = self._makeOne(2)
@@ -653,75 +593,6 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         pa ^= 2
         self.assertEqual(pa, 20)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(PY3, "No coercion in Py3")
-    def test_coerce(self):  # pragma: no cover PY2
-        # Before 2.3, coerce() of two proxies returns them unchanged
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1)
-        y = self._makeOne(2)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x and b is y)
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1)
-        y = self._makeOne(2.1)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))  # a was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(a is x)
-        self.assertEqual(a, float(x))
-        self.assertTrue(b is y)
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1.1)
-        y = self._makeOne(2)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))  # b was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(b is y)
-        self.assertEqual(b, float(y))
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1)
-        y = 2
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x)  # neither was coerced
-        self.assertTrue(b is y)
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1)
-        y = 2.1
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))  # a was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(a is x)
-        self.assertEqual(a, float(x))
-        self.assertTrue(b is y)
-
-        x = self._makeOne(1.1)
-        y = 2
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))  # b was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(b is y)
-        self.assertEqual(b, float(y))
-
-        x = 1
-        y = self._makeOne(2)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x)  # neither was coerced
-        self.assertTrue(b is y)
-
-        x = 1.1
-        y = self._makeOne(2)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(a is x)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))  # b was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(b is y)
-        self.assertEqual(b, float(y))
-
-        x = 1
-        y = self._makeOne(2.1)
-        a, b = coerce(x, y)  # noqa: F821 undefined name
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))  # a was coerced
-        self.assertFalse(a is x)
-        self.assertEqual(a, float(x))
-        self.assertTrue(b is y)
-
     def test___class__(self):
         o = object()
         w = self._makeOne(o)
@@ -729,7 +600,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_descriptor__set___only_in_proxy_subclass(self):
 
-        class Descriptor(object):
+        class Descriptor:
             value = None
             instance = None
 
@@ -751,7 +622,7 @@ class PyProxyBaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_descriptor__get___set___in_proxy_subclass(self):
 
-        class Descriptor(object):
+        class Descriptor:
             value = None
             instance = None
             cls = None
@@ -899,7 +770,7 @@ class Test_py__module(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test__module__in_instance(self):
         # We can find __module__ in an instance dict
-        class Module(object):
+        class Module:
             def __init__(self):
                 self.__module__ = 'module'
 
@@ -907,14 +778,14 @@ class Test_py__module(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test__module__in_class_instance(self):
         # We can find module in an instance of a class
-        class Module(object):
+        class Module:
             pass
 
         self._check_module(Module(), __name__)
 
     def test__module__in_class(self):
         # We can find module in a class itself
-        class Module(object):
+        class Module:
             pass
         self._check_module(Module, __name__)
 
@@ -923,7 +794,7 @@ class Test_py__module(unittest.TestCase):
         # of __eq__ is transitively equal to a proxy of itself.
         # Seen with zope.interface.interface.Interface
 
-        class Module(object):
+        class Module:
             def __init__(self):
                 self.__module__ = __name__
 
@@ -976,20 +847,20 @@ class Test_py_getProxiedObject(unittest.TestCase):
         return PyProxyBase(obj)
 
     def test_no_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(c) is c)
 
     def test_simple_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = self._makeProxy(c)
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(proxy) is c)
 
     def test_nested_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = self._makeProxy(c)
@@ -1019,14 +890,14 @@ class Test_py_setProxiedObject(unittest.TestCase):
         return PyProxyBase(obj)
 
     def test_no_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         c2 = C()
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self._callFUT, c1, c2)
 
     def test_w_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             def __init__(self, name):
                 self.name = name
         c1 = C('c1')
@@ -1038,7 +909,7 @@ class Test_py_setProxiedObject(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(proxy.name, 'c2')
 
     def test_w_nested_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             def __init__(self, name):
                 self.name = name
         c1 = C('c1')
@@ -1074,7 +945,7 @@ class Test_py_isProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         return PyProxyBase
 
     def test_bare_instance(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertFalse(self._callFUT(c))
@@ -1083,7 +954,7 @@ class Test_py_isProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1093,7 +964,7 @@ class Test_py_isProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1106,7 +977,7 @@ class Test_py_isProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P2(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1141,13 +1012,13 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
         return ProxyPy(obj, checker)
 
     def test_bare_instance_identical(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(c1, c1))
 
     def test_bare_instances_different(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         c2 = C()
@@ -1155,14 +1026,14 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(self._callFUT(c2, c1))
 
     def test_proxy_and_same_bare(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(self._makeProxy(c1), c1))
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(c1, self._makeProxy(c1)))
 
     def test_proxy_and_other_bare(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         c2 = C()
@@ -1172,7 +1043,7 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_proxies_w_same_bare(self):
         _mP = self._makeProxy
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(_mP(c1), _mP(c1)))
@@ -1180,7 +1051,7 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_proxies_w_other_bare(self):
         _mP = self._makeProxy
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         c2 = C()
@@ -1190,7 +1061,7 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_nested_proxy_and_same_bare(self):
         _mP = self._makeProxy
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(_mP(_mP(c1)), c1))
@@ -1199,7 +1070,7 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_nested_proxy_and_other_bare(self):
         _mP = self._makeProxy
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         c2 = C()
@@ -1208,7 +1079,7 @@ class Test_py_sameProxiedObjects(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_HAVE_ZOPE_SECURITY, 'zope.security missing')
     def test_security_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c1 = C()
         proxy1 = self._makeSecurityProxy(c1)
@@ -1250,7 +1121,7 @@ class Test_py_queryProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         return PyProxyBase
 
     def test_bare_instance(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(c), None)
@@ -1259,7 +1130,7 @@ class Test_py_queryProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1269,7 +1140,7 @@ class Test_py_queryProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1283,7 +1154,7 @@ class Test_py_queryProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P2(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1297,7 +1168,7 @@ class Test_py_queryProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P2(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1327,7 +1198,7 @@ class Test_py_queryInnerProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         return PyProxyBase
 
     def test_bare_instance(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertEqual(self._callFUT(c), None)
@@ -1336,7 +1207,7 @@ class Test_py_queryInnerProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1346,7 +1217,7 @@ class Test_py_queryInnerProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P1(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1360,7 +1231,7 @@ class Test_py_queryInnerProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P2(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1377,7 +1248,7 @@ class Test_py_queryInnerProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         class P2(self._proxyClass()):
             pass
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         p1 = P1(c)
@@ -1416,20 +1287,20 @@ class Test_py_removeAllProxies(unittest.TestCase):
         return ProxyPy(obj, checker)
 
     def test_no_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(c) is c)
 
     def test_simple_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = self._makeProxy(c)
         self.assertTrue(self._callFUT(proxy) is c)
 
     def test_nested_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = self._makeProxy(c)
@@ -1438,7 +1309,7 @@ class Test_py_removeAllProxies(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_HAVE_ZOPE_SECURITY, 'zope.security missing')
     def test_security_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = self._makeSecurityProxy(c)
@@ -1468,7 +1339,7 @@ class Test_ProxyIterator(unittest.TestCase):
         return ProxyIterator(*args)
 
     def test_no_proxy(self):
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         self.assertEqual(list(self._callFUT(c)), [c])
@@ -1476,7 +1347,7 @@ class Test_ProxyIterator(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_w_simple_proxy(self):
         from zope.proxy import ProxyBase
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = ProxyBase(c)
@@ -1485,7 +1356,7 @@ class Test_ProxyIterator(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_w_nested_proxies(self):
         from zope.proxy import ProxyBase
 
-        class C(object):
+        class C:
             pass
         c = C()
         proxy = ProxyBase(c)
@@ -1510,7 +1381,7 @@ class Test_nonOverridable(unittest.TestCase):
             def what(self):
                 return 'PROXY'
 
-        class Foo(object):
+        class Foo:
             def who(self):
                 return 'FOO'
 
@@ -1529,7 +1400,7 @@ class TestEmptyInterfaceDescriptor(unittest.TestCase):
     def _makeOne(self):
         from zope.proxy import _EmptyInterfaceDescriptor
 
-        class It(object):
+        class It:
             feature = _EmptyInterfaceDescriptor()
         return It()
 
@@ -1550,7 +1421,7 @@ class TestEmptyInterfaceDescriptor(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual([], list(feature))
 
 
-class Comparable(object):
+class Comparable:
     def __init__(self, value):
         self.value = value
 
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 5d7d05e..41da75d 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
 minversion = 3.18
 envlist =
     lint
-    py27,py27-pure
-    py35,py35-pure
-    py36,py36-pure
     py37,py37-pure
     py38,py38-pure
     py39,py39-pure
     py310,py310-pure
     py311,py311-pure
-    pypy
     pypy3
     docs
     coverage
@@ -22,10 +18,10 @@ usedevelop = true
 deps =
 setenv =
     pure: PURE_PYTHON=1
-    !pure-!pypy-!pypy3: PURE_PYTHON=0
+    !pure-!pypy3: PURE_PYTHON=0
 commands =
     zope-testrunner --test-path=src {posargs:-vc}
-    !py27-!pypy: sphinx-build -b doctest -d {envdir}/.cache/doctrees docs {envdir}/.cache/doctest
+    sphinx-build -b doctest -d {envdir}/.cache/doctrees docs {envdir}/.cache/doctest
 extras =
     test
     docs
@@ -61,6 +57,7 @@ deps =
 
 [testenv:isort-apply]
 basepython = python3
+skip_install = true
 commands_pre =
 deps =
     isort